Dam material blasting zoning construction method for mud-containing interlayer material yard

Abstract

The invention provides a dam material blasting zoning construction method on a mud-containing interlayer material yard, which comprises the following steps of: S1, establishing a material yard three-dimensional geologic model according to early-stage investigation data, simultaneously investigating an erosion area range at the top, marking the erosion area range, and carrying out preliminary plane zoning on each blasting elevation; s2, determining the elevation and range of an unused material mud interlayer according to earlier-stage survey data in combination with secondary supplementary survey, drawing a material field profile map in the elevation direction, and after removing weathered sandstone and the unused material mud interlayer, partitioning a secondary stockpiling area and a main stockpiling area in the step S1 according to the strength degree of a rock stratum in the elevation direction to obtain a stockpiling area and a stockpiling area; and then plane partitioning of the main stockpile and the secondary stockpile is carried out on the plane partitions in the step S1 according to the strength degree of the rock stratum. By implementing refined division measures, accurate classification of material sources of the main stockpile and the secondary stockpile can be achieved, so that mixing of poor materials such as interlayer mudstone can be effectively reduced, the quality stability of dam feeding materials is guaranteed, and the utilization rate of available materials in a stockyard can be remarkably increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, and in particular to a blasting zone construction method for dam materials on a mud-containing interlayer material field. Background Art

[0002] In water conservancy and hydropower projects, the construction of structures such as face rockfill dams, gravity wall rockfill dams, and core rockfill dams relies on efficient blasting and mining operations. These dam bodies primarily consist of rockfill and an impermeable structure, with the rockfill accounting for over 50% of the dam volume. This solid earth-rockfill dam is formed through dumping or compaction. To meet dam filling requirements, the rockfill is typically mined using blasting.

[0003] Traditionally, when blasting a material yard, the surface overburden is cleared. Then, based on a limited amount of geological borehole information, the material types within different elevation zones (such as secondary stockpiles, primary stockpiles, and transitional stockpiles) are determined. Blasting operations are carried out from top to bottom and from the outside in, with parameters set for each blast according to conventional bench blasting zoning. However, this traditional approach fails to fully account for possible thick interlayers or other adverse geological conditions within the material yard, resulting in an oversimplified blasting zoning approach that provides only a basic division of different elevations.

[0004] In the presence of thick interlayers or eroded areas, traditional blasting methods can easily lead to large amounts of dam material contamination and waste, seriously affecting construction efficiency and quality. Therefore, to improve construction progress and quality under complex geological conditions while minimizing contamination and waste of dam material, a zoning blasting method for dam material in muddy interlayer material fields was proposed to address this issue. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a blasting zoning construction method for dam materials in a muddy interlayer material field, so as to solve the problem that when there are thick interlayers or erosion areas, the use of traditional blasting mining methods easily causes a large amount of dam material pollution and waste, which seriously affects the construction efficiency and quality.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for blasting zoning construction of dam materials on a mud-containing interlayer material field, the method comprising: S1. Build a 3D geological model of the material field based on the preliminary survey data. Also, survey and mark the top erosion area. Calculate the excavation volume of the material field and perform preliminary planar zoning for each blasting elevation. S2. Strip the surface soil of the material yard to expose the useful rock in the blasting area. Then, based on the preliminary survey data and the secondary supplementary survey, determine the elevation and range of the useless mud interlayer, and draw a cross-sectional view of the material yard in the elevation direction. After removing the weathered sandstone and useless mud interlayer, divide the partition in step S1 into secondary stockpiling areas and main stockpiling areas along the elevation direction according to the strength of the rock strata. Then, divide the plane partition in step S1 into main stockpiling and secondary stockpiling plane blocks according to the strength of the rock strata. S3. Calculate the blasting parameters for each zone and block, conduct blasting tests to determine the parameters, and implement step-by-step blasting according to the test results.

[0007] In the preferred embodiment, the three-dimensional geological model in step S1 is established by obtaining surface image data through drone aerial photography, and its accuracy is verified after the model is established. The formula is: ; Where: is the error rate between the model and the measured terrain (%); is the coordinate of the i-th feature point in the model; is the measured coordinate of the i-th feature point; is the total number of sampling points (≥1000).

[0008] In the preferred solution, the drone is equipped with multispectral remote sensing, airborne laser radar and geological radar. The secondary survey in step S2 is as follows: S21. Use drone multispectral remote sensing technology to obtain surface reflectance spectral data. Calculate the mud interlayer thermal inertia index based on the day-night surface temperature difference and emissivity ratio. Simultaneously construct a digital elevation model, extract terrain mutation parameters, and generate a mud interlayer probability distribution map through spatial overlay analysis to achieve preliminary identification of surface anomaly areas. S22. Calculate the mud interlayer interface identification coefficient based on the geological radar reflection signal, and locate the mud interlayer depth and spatial distribution on the probability distribution map with high precision through spatial interpolation of the mud interlayer interface identification coefficient; S23. Deploy geological exploration holes and, using acoustic logging and resistivity logging data from the exploration holes, establish a cohesion evolution model to reveal the dynamic variation of the shear strength of mud interlayers with the geological environment, providing a theoretical basis for blasting parameter optimization. S24. Cross-validate the GPR interface identification results (mud interlayer interface identification coefficient > 0.8) with the mud content of the drill core, and correct the probability distribution map error rate to ≤5% to ensure the accuracy of mud interlayer positioning.

[0009] In the preferred embodiment, the calculation formula of the thermal inertia index of the mud interlayer in step S21 is: ; Where: is the thermal inertia index of mud interlayer; The corresponding emissivity temperatures are day and night respectively; is the corresponding emissivity; The calculation formula of terrain mutation parameter is: ; Where: is the terrain mutation parameter; is the height difference between adjacent points; is the slope length; is the number of section points; The threshold value of the probability distribution map of mud intercalation is ≥0.7.

[0010] In the preferred embodiment, the calculation formula of the mud interlayer interface identification coefficient in step S22 is: ; Where: is the mud interlayer interface identification coefficient; is the reflected wave amplitude; It is the two-way travel time; is the attenuation coefficient; To detect depth. In the preferred embodiment, the cohesion evolution model in step S23 is: ; Where: for cohesion; is the cohesion of mud interlayer under baseline conditions; is the resistivity influence coefficient; is the resistivity; is the influence coefficient of burial depth; For burial depth.

[0011] In the preferred embodiment, the calculation formula for the core mud content in step S24 is: ; Where: is the core mud content; The thickness is single layer; It is the total elevation of the material yard.

[0012] In the preferred embodiment, the blasting parameters in step S3 include the charge amount per hole, wherein the dynamic adjustment formula for the charge amount per hole is: ; Where: The charge amount for a single hole; is the explosive conversion factor; is the correction factor of rock compressive strength; is the interlayer influence coefficient; is the slope correction factor; is the step height; During blasting, rock steps must be reserved on the slope to prevent rolling stones, and then removed when the next section is blasted.

[0013] In the preferred embodiment, when blasting useful materials adjacent to the useless mud layer, a buffer energy-absorbing barrier is set at the border. The buffer energy-absorbing barrier includes an upper rubber module and a lower flexible cushion module, wherein the rubber module is encapsulated by waste tire fragments, and the flexible cushion module includes an HDPE film bag filled with bentonite slurry. The steps of the energy-absorbing buffer layer include: before blasting the useful material, arranging dense blast holes at the border and loading low-density explosives to form pre-cracks after the explosion, and then laying a energy-absorbing buffer layer in the pre-cracks with a flexible cushion module as the lower layer and a rubber module as the upper layer.

[0014] In the preferred embodiment, the pre-crack width is: ; Where: is the buffer width; The maximum charge in a single section of the main blasting area; It is the loose packing density of mudstone.

[0015] The present invention provides a blasting zoning construction method for dam materials in a mud-containing interlayer material yard. By implementing refined division measures for each area of ​​the dam rockfill material, accurate classification of the main stockpile and secondary stockpile sources can be achieved, thereby effectively reducing the mixing of undesirable materials such as interlayer mudstone and ensuring the quality stability of the dam materials, and significantly improving the utilization rate of useful materials in the material yard, avoiding waste of resources, and fundamentally eliminating the possibility of inferior and substandard materials entering the construction link, thereby comprehensively improving the safety, reliability and overall engineering quality of dam construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples: Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional model diagram of the material yard of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a plan view of the material yard of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view of the material field in the elevation direction of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a planar zoning and block diagram of the material yard above 565 elevation of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a planar zoning and block diagram of the material yard above elevation 557 of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a planar zoning and block diagram of the material yard above elevation 548 of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a planar zoning and block diagram of the material yard above elevation 536 of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a planar zoning and block diagram of the material yard above elevation 524 of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a planar zoning and block diagram of the material yard above elevation 512 of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a planar zoning and block diagram of the material yard above 500 elevations of the present invention; Figure 11 It is the geological exploration hole location map of the material field of the present invention; Figure 12 It is a schematic diagram of elevation direction blocks of the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION The present invention is used for treating interlayers of dam materials and blasting partitions on mud-containing interlayer material fields, and is implemented as follows: Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 As shown in the figure, in a water conservancy and hydropower dam project, the overall three-dimensional model of the material yard is as follows: Figure 1 As shown in Figure 2, there is an erosion area in the middle of the material yard that is soaked by rainwater, such as Figure 2 As shown by the dotted line in the middle of the material field, there is a thick interlayer of useless mud in the middle of the material field, such as Figure 3Middle filling area. This implementation method focuses on treating the useless mud interlayer and erosion area in the material yard, while also considering the formation of the slope.

[0017] like Figure 1-12 As shown, a method for blasting zoning construction of dam materials on a muddy interlayer material field comprises: S1. Build a 3D geological model of the material field based on the preliminary survey data. At the same time, survey the top erosion area and mark it. The 3D geological model is built by obtaining surface image data through drone aerial photography. After the model is built, its accuracy is verified. The formula is: Where: is the error rate between the model and the measured terrain (%); is the coordinate of the i-th feature point in the model; is the measured coordinate of the i-th feature point; is the total number of sampling points (≥1000), and the overall three-dimensional geological model of the material field is as follows Figure 1 As shown, during this process, the on-site construction road is surveyed, the step elevation is designed according to the slope of the material yard, and the road and preliminary plane division are planned every 12m according to the basic principle of "from top to bottom, from outside to inside". The slope of the road is within 15°, and the width of a single blasting area does not exceed 20m. Then the excavation volume of the material yard is calculated, and preliminary plane division is performed for each blasting elevation, as shown in the figure. Figure 4-10 shown.

[0018] S2. Strip the surface soil of the material field to expose the useful rock in the blasting area. After the surface cleaning is completed, the elevation and range of the mud interlayer without useful material are determined based on the preliminary survey data: mainly geological drilling and erosion areas, combined with secondary supplementary survey, and the material field profile in the elevation direction is drawn, such as Figure 3 As shown, including the location of the useless mud interlayer in mudstone and the thickness and location of the erosion area, first find the elevation location where the useless mud interlayer appears and disappears. This implementation case is at EL531~EL521, and the boundary elevation of the strong and weak weathering degree of the rock stratum is at EL543 in this implementation case. At the same time, the length range of the interlayer is clarified. After removing the weathered sandstone and useless mud interlayer, the partition of step S1 is divided into secondary stockpiling area and main stockpiling area along the elevation direction according to the strength of the rock stratum. Specifically, the blasting area is divided in the elevation direction according to the principle of 12m high slope step, 6~12m deep hole in combination with experience, no more than 20m wide single blasting area, and a small amount of mudstone mixed in useful materials. The division in this implementation case is as follows Figure 11As shown, the upper part of the EL543 elevation is the secondary stockpile area, and the lower part except the interlayer is the main stockpile. Due to the erosion area, the rock strength is relatively low. According to the design requirements, it can be used as the secondary stockpile in the second phase filling area of ​​the dam. Then, the plane partition of each elevation is divided into blocks according to the strength of the rock stratum, and then the plane partition of step S1 is divided into the main stockpile and the secondary stockpile according to the strength of the rock stratum.

[0019] With this design, useless mud interlayers can be removed while each partition and block can be divided into main and secondary piles according to the strength of the rock strata, so that the blasting and mining of materials in each area of ​​the dam rockfill can be managed in a refined manner. The zoning can ensure the accuracy of the material source and will not cause inferior materials to be replaced by good ones. At the same time, it can avoid the mixing of useful materials into mudstone that cannot be used as dam materials, effectively reduce the mixing of interlayer mudstone, and reduce the waste of useful materials in the material yard.

[0020] The second supplementary survey is as follows: S21. Use UAV multispectral remote sensing technology to obtain surface reflectance spectrum data, calculate the mud interlayer thermal inertia index based on the day and night surface temperature difference and emissivity ratio, simultaneously construct a digital elevation model, extract terrain mutation parameters, and generate a mud interlayer probability distribution map through spatial overlay analysis to achieve preliminary identification of surface abnormal areas.

[0021] The calculation formula of the mud interlayer thermal inertia index is: ; Where: is the thermal inertia index of mud interlayer; The corresponding emissivity temperatures are day and night respectively; is the corresponding emissivity.

[0022] The calculation formula of terrain mutation parameter is: ; Where: is the terrain mutation parameter; is the height difference between adjacent points; is the slope length; is the number of section points; The threshold of the probability distribution map of mud intercalation is ≥0.7, and when the threshold is ≥0.7, it is determined to be a high probability mud intercalation area.

[0023] S22. Calculate the mud interlayer interface identification coefficient based on the geological radar reflection signal, and locate the mud interlayer depth and spatial distribution with high precision on the probability distribution map through spatial interpolation of the mud interlayer interface identification coefficient.

[0024] The calculation formula of mud interlayer interface recognition coefficient is: ; Where: is the mud interlayer interface identification coefficient; is the reflected wave amplitude; It is the two-way travel time; is the attenuation coefficient; To detect depth.

[0025] S23. Deploy geological exploration holes and establish a cohesion evolution model based on the acoustic logging and resistivity logging data of the geological exploration holes to reveal the dynamic change of the shear strength of the mud interlayer with the geological environment, providing a theoretical basis for the optimization of blasting parameters.

[0026] The cohesion evolution model in step S23 is: ; Where: for cohesion; is the cohesion of mud interlayer under baseline conditions; is the resistivity influence coefficient; is the resistivity; is the influence coefficient of burial depth; For burial depth.

[0027] In this embodiment, When the resistivity ( σ ) and burial depth ( H ) is zero, the theoretical cohesion of the mud interlayer is 12.5MPa; Based on the regression analysis of resistivity logging data and core shear strength test, for example: , (10)=1, the contribution is 0.43MPa; if the resistivity increases 10 times ( ), the cohesion increases by 0.43×2=0.86MPa, and in this embodiment, 0.43 is taken; The result is obtained through statistics of on-site drilling data and is taken as 0.0015; Therefore, the cohesion evolution model is: .

[0028] S24. Cross-validate the GPR interface identification results (mud interlayer interface identification coefficient > 0.8) with the mud content of the drill core, and correct the probability distribution map error rate to ≤5% to ensure the accuracy of mud interlayer positioning.

[0029] The calculation formula of core mud content is: ; Where: is the core mud content; The thickness is single layer; It is the total elevation of the material yard.

[0030] It should be noted that the drone is equipped with multispectral remote sensing, airborne lidar and geological radar.

[0031] S3. Calculate the blasting parameters for each zone and block, conduct blasting tests to determine the parameters, and implement step-by-step blasting according to the test results.

[0032] The blasting parameters include the charge amount per hole, where the dynamic adjustment formula for the charge amount per hole is: ; Where: It is the charge amount for a single hole; is the explosive conversion factor; is the correction factor of rock compressive strength; is the interlayer influence coefficient; is the slope correction factor; is the step height.

[0033] In this embodiment, Take 0.35, Take 0.5~0.8; Take 1.0~1.5; Take 0.8~1.2.

[0034] In addition, a rock ridge must be reserved on the slope side to block rolling stones during blasting, and it must be removed when the next step is blasted. The width of the rock ridge is 2 to 3 meters. In the preferred embodiment, when blasting useful material adjacent to a mud layer containing useless material, a buffering and energy-absorbing barrier is provided at the junction. The buffering and energy-absorbing barrier comprises an upper rubber module and a lower flexible cushion module. The rubber module is encapsulated from scrap tire fragments, and the flexible cushion module comprises an HDPE film bag filled with bentonite slurry. The bentonite slurry is a 7:3 ratio of bentonite to water.

[0035] The steps of the energy-absorbing buffer layer include: before blasting the useful material, arranging dense blast holes at the border and loading low-density explosives to form pre-cracks after the explosion, and then laying a energy-absorbing buffer layer in the pre-cracks with a flexible cushion module as the lower layer and a rubber module as the upper layer.

[0036] This design can absorb the energy of the blasting shock wave through the combination of rubber modules and flexible cushions, weaken the kinetic energy transfer after rock crushing, and thus avoid mixing at the junction.

[0037] In the preferred embodiment, the pre-crack width is: ; Where: is the buffer width; is the blasting energy conversion coefficient; The maximum charge in a single section of the main blasting area; is the loose bulk density of mudstone; In this embodiment =0.5~0.8.

[0038] The above embodiments are merely preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention shall be the technical solutions set forth in the claims, including equivalent alternatives to the technical features of the technical solutions set forth in the claims. In other words, equivalent alternatives and improvements within this scope are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for blasting dam materials in a muddy interlayer material field, characterized by: The method includes: S1. Build a 3D geological model of the material field based on the preliminary survey data. Also, survey and mark the top erosion area. Calculate the excavation volume of the material field and perform preliminary planar zoning for each blasting elevation. S2. Strip the surface soil of the material yard to expose the useful rock in the blasting area. Then, based on the preliminary survey data and the secondary supplementary survey, determine the elevation and range of the useless mud interlayer, and draw a cross-sectional view of the material yard in the elevation direction. After removing the weathered sandstone and useless mud interlayer, divide the partition in step S1 into secondary stockpiling areas and main stockpiling areas along the elevation direction according to the strength of the rock strata. Then, divide the plane partition in step S1 into main stockpiling and secondary stockpiling plane blocks according to the strength of the rock strata. S3. Calculate the blasting parameters for each zone and block, conduct blasting tests to determine the parameters, and implement step-by-step blasting according to the test results.

2. The method for blasting dam materials in a muddy interlayer material field according to claim 1 is characterized by: The three-dimensional geological model in step S1 is established by obtaining surface image data through drone aerial photography, and its accuracy is verified after the model is established. The formula is: ； Where: is the error rate between the model and the measured terrain (%); is the coordinate of the i-th feature point in the model; is the measured coordinate of the i-th feature point; is the total number of sampling points (≥1000).

3. The method for blasting dam materials in a muddy interlayer material field according to claim 1 is characterized by: The drone is equipped with multispectral remote sensing, airborne lidar, and geological radar. The secondary survey in step S2 is as follows: S21. Use drone multispectral remote sensing technology to obtain surface reflectance spectral data. Calculate the mud interlayer thermal inertia index based on the day-night surface temperature difference and emissivity ratio. Simultaneously construct a digital elevation model, extract terrain mutation parameters, and generate a mud interlayer probability distribution map through spatial overlay analysis to achieve preliminary identification of surface anomaly areas. S22. Calculate the mud interlayer interface identification coefficient based on the geological radar reflection signal, and locate the mud interlayer depth and spatial distribution on the probability distribution map with high precision through spatial interpolation of the mud interlayer interface identification coefficient; S23. Deploy geological exploration holes and, using acoustic logging and resistivity logging data from the exploration holes, establish a cohesion evolution model to reveal the dynamic variation of the shear strength of mud interlayers with the geological environment, providing a theoretical basis for blasting parameter optimization. S24. Cross-validate the GPR interface identification results (mud interlayer interface identification coefficient > 0.8) with the mud content of the drill core, and correct the probability distribution map error rate to ≤5% to ensure the accuracy of mud interlayer positioning.

4. The method for blasting dam materials in a muddy interlayer material field according to claim 3 is characterized by: The calculation formula of the thermal inertia index of the mud interlayer in step S21 is: ； Where: is the thermal inertia index of mud interlayer; The corresponding emissivity temperatures are day and night respectively; is the corresponding emissivity; The calculation formula of terrain mutation parameter is: ； Where: is the terrain mutation parameter; is the height difference between adjacent points; is the slope length; is the number of section points; The threshold value of the probability distribution map of mud intercalation is ≥0.

7.

5. The method for blasting dam materials in a muddy interlayer material field according to claim 3 is characterized by: The calculation formula of the mud interlayer interface identification coefficient in step S22 is: ； Where: is the mud interlayer interface identification coefficient; is the reflected wave amplitude; It is the two-way travel time; is the attenuation coefficient; To detect depth.

6. The method for blasting dam materials in a muddy interlayer material field according to claim 3 is characterized by: The cohesion evolution model in step S23 is: ； Where: for cohesion; is the cohesion of mud interlayer under baseline conditions; is the resistivity influence coefficient; is the resistivity; is the influence coefficient of burial depth; For burial depth.

7. The method for blasting dam materials in a muddy interlayer material field according to claim 3 is characterized by: The calculation formula of the core mud content in step S24 is: ； Where: is the core mud content; The thickness is single layer; It is the total elevation of the material yard.

8. The method for blasting dam materials in a muddy interlayer material field according to claim 1 is characterized by: The blasting parameters in step S3 include the charge amount per hole, wherein the dynamic adjustment formula of the charge amount per hole is: ； Where: It is the charge amount for a single hole; is the explosive conversion factor; is the correction factor of rock compressive strength; is the interlayer influence coefficient; is the slope correction factor; is the step height; During blasting, rock steps must be reserved on the slope to prevent rolling stones, and then removed when the next section is blasted.

9. The method for blasting dam materials in a muddy interlayer material field according to claim 1, characterized in that: When blasting useful materials adjacent to useless mud layers, a buffering energy-absorbing layer is set at the interface. The buffering energy-absorbing layer includes an upper rubber module and a lower flexible cushion module. The rubber module is encapsulated from waste tire fragments, and the flexible cushion module includes an HDPE film bag filled with bentonite slurry. The steps of the energy-absorbing buffer layer include: before blasting the useful material, arranging dense blast holes at the border and loading low-density explosives to form pre-cracks after the explosion, and then laying a energy-absorbing buffer layer in the pre-cracks with a flexible cushion module as the lower layer and a rubber module as the upper layer.

10. The method for blasting dam materials in a muddy interlayer material field according to claim 9, characterized in that: The pre-crack width is: ； Where: is the buffer width; The maximum charge in a single section of the main blasting area; It is the loose packing density of mudstone.

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