Centralized ecological restoration method for drinking water source land

Abstract

The invention discloses a centralized drinking water source land ecological restoration method, and particularly relates to the technical field of drinking water ecological restoration, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: S1, zoning diagnosis and planning, S2, exogenous pollution interception, S3, basement improvement and habitat reconstruction, S4, collaborative restoration system construction, S5, hydrological ecological regulation and control, S6, intelligent dynamic restoration, and S7, long-term maintenance and evaluation. And S8, a water supply safety guarantee mechanism. Pollution hot spots are accurately positioned based on zoning diagnosis, a stepped wetland system is driven to efficiently intercept exogenous pollution, meanwhile, a three-level biological barrier is arranged at a water intake, suspended solids are reduced, pollutants are thoroughly prevented from diffusing to a deep water area, the oxygen content of bottom mud is increased through cooperation of submerged plants and a carbon sink material, seasonal water level regulation and control are overlaid, and the deep water treatment efficiency is improved. The submerged vegetation coverage rate is improved; meanwhile, the algae control device is automatically triggered through real-time water quality monitoring, the algae outbreak response time is shortened, and the annual maintenance cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of drinking water ecological restoration, and in particular to a method for ecological restoration of a centralized drinking water source. Background Art

[0002] Centralized drinking water sources are the core water source of urban water supply systems. Their water quality safety and ecological stability are directly related to public health. Currently, ecological restoration of water sources faces multiple technical bottlenecks:

[0003] The complexity of pollution is not accurately identified: Traditional methods lack systematic diagnosis of the diffusion paths of pollution sources (such as agricultural runoff and domestic sewage) and the spatial distribution of pollutants (heavy metals and organic toxins), resulting in insufficiently targeted remediation measures. Inefficient external interception: Existing pre-sewers and wetlands have limited interception capabilities for nitrogen, phosphorus, and trace risk substances (such as algal toxins). Internal pollution control is extensive: The anaerobic environment of the sediment exacerbates the release of pollutants, and disruptive measures such as mechanical dredging easily damage the habitat.

[0004] Although existing technologies attempt to use combined physical and biological restoration (such as artificial wetlands and plant placement), they still have defects. For example, they do not differentiate zoning based on water depth, bottom sediment and pollution characteristics, resulting in waste of resources and imbalanced effects; they rely on artificial water quality monitoring and decision-making, making it difficult to trigger algae control or water level adjustment measures in a timely manner, and the response cycle to algae outbreaks is long.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to build an ecological restoration system for drinking water sources that integrates precise diagnosis, three-dimensional interception, coordinated restoration, and intelligent operation and maintenance, so as to achieve sustainable improvement of water quality purification and ecological functions while ensuring water supply safety. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for ecological restoration of a centralized drinking water source, which can effectively solve the problems mentioned in the background technology.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0008] A method for ecological restoration of a centralized drinking water source comprises the following steps:

[0009] S1, Zoning Diagnosis and Planning: Divide restoration units based on water depth, bottom quality, pollution sources and ecological status and set differentiated goals;

[0010] S2, external source pollution interception: constructing a pre-storage system in the nearshore catchment area to intercept non-point source pollution;

[0011] S3, substrate improvement and habitat reconstruction: using low-disturbance methods to deploy slow-release substrate improvement materials;

[0012] S4, synergistic restoration system construction: combining submerged plants, functional microbial agents and benthic animals in the water body;

[0013] S5, Hydro-ecological Control: Implement seasonal water level fluctuation schemes to regulate drawdown zones and aquatic vegetation areas;

[0014] S6, intelligent dynamic repair: automatically triggers aeration, algae control or flow regulation measures based on real-time water quality monitoring data;

[0015] S7, Long-term maintenance and evaluation: assessing system sustainability through native vegetation conservation, community management, and multi-dimensional indicators;

[0016] S8, Water supply safety guarantee mechanism: Develop an emergency water source switching plan before repair; all materials and biological agents must comply with drinking water safety standards.

[0017] Preferably, the step S1 specifically includes:

[0018] A hierarchical and zoning-based precise restoration strategy was adopted, with deepwater purification areas, shallow habitat reconstruction areas, and coastal buffer zones divided;

[0019] Develop low-disturbance substrate improvement methods for heavy metal and organic pollution areas.

[0020] Preferably, in the step S2, an in-situ nearshore pre-reservoir coupling system is constructed, and high-efficiency nitrogen and phosphorus removal vegetation is planted in the pre-reservoir; a risk substance directional reduction module is set at the outlet of the pre-reservoir, and algae toxin degradation bacteria and humic acid adsorption materials are loaded.

[0021] Preferably, the S4 step includes:

[0022] S4a, constructing a collaborative community of submerged plants, functional microorganisms and benthic animals, including:

[0023] For submerged plants, choose native species that are tolerant to deep water and have strong root systems that can fix carbon;

[0024] Functional microorganisms target the degradation of trace organic matter and algal toxins. Benthic animals are selected to be pollution-resistant species that promote sediment oxidation;

[0025] S4b, lay out multi-level biological barriers around the water intake, specifically the bottom mud anaerobic inhibition layer, plant absorption layer and shellfish filtration layer.

[0026] Preferably, in the step S5, the specific ecological water level fluctuation regulation is to expose the drawdown zone in the dry season to promote mineralization, and to expand the aquatic vegetation area in the rainy season.

[0027] Preferably, the step S6 includes:

[0028] Establish an intelligent dynamic restoration mechanism based on water quality early warning, and monitor chlorophyll a, dissolved oxygen, and characteristic pollutants in real time;

[0029] When the algae exceed the standard, the landscape-friendly physical algae control device is automatically started, and the landscape-friendly physical algae control device includes an underwater LED algae inhibition lamp and an ultra-fine bubble generator.

[0030] Preferably, the S7 step includes:

[0031] Adopt an assessment system based on ecological service functions to quantify biodiversity, self-purification rate and carbon sequestration increment;

[0032] Implement a community participatory management model and encourage surrounding residents to participate in vegetation maintenance and inspections through an ecological points system.

[0033] Preferably, the substrate improvement material is a carbon sink-enhanced composite environmental material, including a biochar-based composite material that carries oxygen for slow release and modified clay particles that carry pollutant-degrading bacteria.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] 1. The present invention accurately locates pollution hotspots based on zoning diagnosis, drives a stepped wetland system (zeolite-limestone matrix + bacterial agent carrier) to efficiently intercept exogenous pollution, and at the same time lays out a three-level biological barrier of "anaerobic inhibition layer + plant absorption layer + shellfish filtration layer" at the water intake to reduce suspended solids and completely block the spread of pollutants to deep water areas.

[0036] 2. The present invention uses submerged plants (Vallis ovata / Myriophyllum) and carbon sink materials (biochar-based composite materials) to synergistically increase the oxygen content of the bottom sediment, and superimposes seasonal water level regulation (promoting mineralization in the dry season and expanding vegetation in the rainy season) to increase the submerged vegetation coverage rate; at the same time, real-time water quality monitoring (chlorophyll a / dissolved oxygen) automatically triggers the algae control device, forming a closed loop with the ecological points APP, shortening the response time to algae outbreaks, while reducing annual maintenance costs, and realizing "unmanned" sustainable restoration. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall process of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easier to understand, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment relates to a method for ecological restoration of a centralized drinking water source, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0040] S1, Zoning Diagnosis and Planning: Divide restoration units based on water depth, bottom quality, pollution sources and ecological status and set differentiated goals;

[0041] Specifically include:

[0042] Multibeam echosounders are used to obtain water depth maps, bottom sediment sampling is conducted to analyze the content of heavy metals (such as arsenic and lead) and organic pollutants (such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), drone aerial photography is used to identify the ecological status of the shoreline (vegetation coverage, erosion areas), and hydrological models are used to simulate the diffusion paths of pollution sources (such as agricultural runoff and domestic sewage inlets).

[0043] A hierarchical and zoning-based precise restoration strategy is adopted, with specific zoning being: deepwater purification zone, with water quality improvement as the core goal; shallows habitat reconstruction zone, with aquatic vegetation and benthic organisms restored; and coastal buffer zone, with land-based pollution intercepted.

[0044] For areas contaminated by heavy metals and organic matter, develop low-disturbance substrate improvement methods, such as a 1:2 ratio of biochar to modified clay, and implant functional microbial agents (such as Pseudomonas) in organically contaminated areas;

[0045] Accurately locate polluted areas to avoid secondary disturbances (e.g., no construction in deep water areas).

[0046] The commonly used pollutant diffusion models mentioned above include the advection-diffusion equation (ADE), whose basic formula is:

[0047]

[0048] Where, C is the pollutant concentration (mg / L), t is the time (s), D x ,D y ,D z The diffusion coefficients in the x, y, and z directions (m 2 / s), v x ,v y ,v z are the water velocity in the x, y, and Z directions (m / s), respectively, and S is the source-sink term (such as pollutant degradation, adsorption, etc., in mg / L / s). S2, external source pollution interception: a pre-storage system is constructed in the nearshore catchment area to intercept non-point source pollution;

[0049] Specifically, an in-situ nearshore pre-reservoir coupling system was constructed, in which high-efficiency nitrogen and phosphorus removal vegetation was planted in the pre-reservoir, and a stepped wetland was built at the entrance of the catchment area, filled with zeolite and limestone matrix (particle size 20-40mm), and reeds and cattails (density 5-8 plants / m 2 ); A risk material directional reduction module is set up at the outlet of the pre-storage, loaded with an immobilized carrier of algal toxin-degrading bacteria (such as Sphingomonas), and using humic acid adsorption materials;

[0050] The design of the above-mentioned terraced wetlands usually involves the calculation of hydraulic load (HLR) and pollutant removal rate. Among them, the first-order kinetic model (such as the Kickerth equation) is often used for pollutant removal kinetics:

[0051] C e =C0×e -kt

[0052] Where C0 is the influent pollutant concentration (mg / L), C e is the effluent pollutant concentration (mg / L), k is the pollutant degradation rate constant, and t is the hydraulic retention time.

[0053] In addition, the calculation formula for the hydraulic load (HLR) of the wetland is:

[0054]

[0055] Where Q is the water flow rate (m 2 / d), A is the wetland surface area (m 2 ).

[0056] S3, Substrate Improvement and Habitat Reconstruction: Use a low-disturbance approach to deploy slow-release substrate improvement materials. The substrate improvement materials are carbon sink-enhancing composite environmental materials, including oxygen-carrying slow-release biochar-based composite materials and modified clay particles loaded with pollutant-degrading bacteria.

[0057] Biochar-based composite materials: straw charcoal (60%), nano-zero-valent iron (20%), and bentonite (20%), with a specific surface area of ​​>300m 2 / g;

[0058] Modified clay particles: montmorillonite loaded with denitrifying bacteria (loading rate 15%);

[0059] Use underwater robots to evenly spread materials to avoid disturbing the bottom mud;

[0060] Further improve microbial activity and increase the degradation rate of pollutants.

[0061] S4, synergistic restoration system construction: combining submerged plants, functional microbial agents and benthic animals in the water body;

[0062] Specifically include:

[0063] S4a, constructing a collaborative community of submerged plants, functional microorganisms and benthic animals, including:

[0064] For submerged plants, deep-water-tolerant native species are selected. Vallisneria (a deep-water-tolerant species) is planted in deep water areas, along with species with strong root carbon fixation. Myriophyllum paniculate (carbon fixation capacity 0.8 kg / m2 / year) is planted in shallow water areas.

[0065] Functional microorganisms (spraying freeze-dried bacteria) target the degradation of trace organic matter and algal toxins. Benthic animals are selected to promote the oxidation of sediments and are resistant to pollution. Benthic animals are selected to be released with ring-shaped snails (density 10-15 / m 2 ) Promote sediment oxidation;

[0066] S4b, a multi-level biological barrier is arranged around the water intake, specifically a bottom mud anaerobic inhibition layer (with CaO2 slow-release particles to inhibit anaerobic conditions), a plant absorption layer (with black algae planted to form an absorption network), and a shellfish filtration layer (with cuming clams to filter suspended matter).

[0067] This will reduce the release of endogenous pollution and increase the oxygen content in the bottom sediment.

[0068] S5, Hydro-ecological Control: Implement seasonal water level fluctuations to regulate the drawdown zone and aquatic vegetation areas. Specifically, the water level fluctuation control involves lowering the water level to expose the drawdown zone for 30 days during the dry season to promote organic matter mineralization; and raising the water level to submerge the newly vegetated area by 0.5m during the rainy season to expand the growth space for submerged plants.

[0069] During the period of rising water level, artificial aeration is turned off and oxygenation is increased by using plant photosynthesis.

[0070] Further expand the coverage area of ​​aquatic vegetation and enhance its self-purification capacity.

[0071] S6, intelligent dynamic repair: automatically triggers aeration, algae control or flow regulation measures based on real-time water quality monitoring data;

[0072] Specifically include:

[0073] Establish an intelligent dynamic restoration mechanism based on water quality early warning, and monitor chlorophyll a, dissolved oxygen, and characteristic pollutants in real time;

[0074] When the algae exceed the standard, the landscape-friendly physical algae control device is automatically activated. The landscape-friendly physical algae control device includes an underwater LED algae-inhibiting lamp and an ultra-fine bubble generator;

[0075] S7, Long-term maintenance and evaluation: assessing system sustainability through native vegetation conservation, community management, and multi-dimensional indicators;

[0076] Specifically include:

[0077] Adopt an assessment system based on ecological service functions to quantify biodiversity, self-purification rate and carbon sequestration increment;

[0078] The specific evaluation system involves the formula:

[0079] Self-purification rate index:

[0080]

[0081] Among them, CO is the initial concentration, C t is the concentration after t hours, and V is the volume of water.

[0082] Carbon sink increment:

[0083] ΔC = vegetation carbon sequestration + sediment carbon sequestration

[0084] Implement a community-participatory management model, using an ecological points system to encourage surrounding residents to participate in vegetation maintenance and inspections;

[0085] Specifically, a mobile phone APP is developed to realize the exchange of "ecological points". For example, 5 points can be obtained for patrolling 1 kilometer of coastline (which can be exchanged for agricultural and sideline products); 20 points can be obtained for reporting pollution incidents, etc., to promote the active participation of surrounding residents and further reduce maintenance costs.

[0086] S8, Water supply safety guarantee mechanism: Develop an emergency water source switching plan before repair to ensure uninterrupted water supply during the construction period; all materials and biological agents must comply with drinking water safety standards.

[0087] During the operation of this embodiment, pollution hotspots are accurately located based on S1 zoning diagnosis, driving the S2 stepped wetland system (zeolite-limestone matrix + bacterial agent carrier) to efficiently intercept exogenous pollution. At the same time, S4b deploys a three-level biological barrier of "anaerobic inhibition layer + plant absorption layer + shellfish filtration layer" at the water intake to reduce suspended solids and completely block the spread of pollutants to deep water areas.

[0088] At the same time, S4a submerged plants (Vallis ovata / Myriophyllum) and S3 carbon sink materials (biochar-based composite materials) are used to synergistically increase sediment oxygen content. Combined with S5 seasonal water level regulation (promoting mineralization in the dry season and expanding vegetation in the rainy season), the submerged vegetation coverage rate is increased. S6 real-time water quality monitoring (chlorophyll a / dissolved oxygen) automatically triggers the algae control device, forming a closed loop with the S7 Ecological Points App, shortening the response time to algae outbreaks while reducing annual maintenance costs, achieving "unmanned" sustainable restoration.

[0089] Through the coordination of various steps, by improving water quality (especially water quality in the water intake area), reducing the input and release of pollutants (external and endogenous), preventing and controlling risks (algal blooms, disturbances), and ensuring water supply safety (uninterrupted and non-toxic), the ecological restoration and protection of centralized drinking water sources are carried out in an all-round way.

[0090] The basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention are shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed in the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for ecological restoration of a centralized drinking water source, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, Zoning Diagnosis and Planning: Divide restoration units based on water depth, bottom quality, pollution sources and ecological status and set differentiated goals; S2, external source pollution interception: constructing a pre-storage system in the nearshore catchment area to intercept non-point source pollution; S3, substrate improvement and habitat reconstruction: using low-disturbance methods to deploy slow-release substrate improvement materials; S4, synergistic restoration system construction: combining submerged plants, functional microbial agents and benthic animals in the water body; S5, Hydro-ecological Control: Implement seasonal water level fluctuation schemes to regulate drawdown zones and aquatic vegetation areas; S6, intelligent dynamic repair: automatically triggers aeration, algae control or flow regulation measures based on real-time water quality monitoring data; S7, Long-term maintenance and evaluation: assessing system sustainability through native vegetation conservation, community management, and multi-dimensional indicators; S8, Water supply safety guarantee mechanism: Develop an emergency water source switching plan before repair; all materials and biological agents must comply with drinking water safety standards.

2. The method for ecological restoration of a centralized drinking water source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S1 step specifically includes: A hierarchical and zoning-based precise restoration strategy was adopted, with deepwater purification areas, shallow habitat reconstruction areas, and coastal buffer zones divided; Develop low-disturbance substrate improvement methods for heavy metal and organic pollution areas.

3. The method for ecological restoration of a centralized drinking water source according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S2, an in-situ nearshore pre-storage coupling system is constructed, and high-efficiency nitrogen and phosphorus removal vegetation is planted in the pre-storage; a risk substance directional reduction module is set at the outlet of the pre-storage, and algae toxin degradation bacteria and humic acid adsorption materials are loaded.

4. The method for ecological restoration of a centralized drinking water source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S4 step includes: S4a, constructing a collaborative community of submerged plants, functional microorganisms and benthic animals, including: For submerged plants, choose native species that are tolerant to deep water and have strong root systems that can fix carbon; Functional microorganisms target the degradation of trace organic matter and algal toxins. Benthic animals are selected to be pollution-resistant species that promote sediment oxidation; S4b, lay out multi-level biological barriers around the water intake, specifically the bottom mud anaerobic inhibition layer, plant absorption layer and shellfish filtration layer.

5. The method for ecological restoration of a centralized drinking water source according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S5, the specific ecological water level fluctuation regulation is to expose the drawdown zone in the dry season to promote mineralization, and to expand the aquatic vegetation area in the rainy season.

6. The method for ecological restoration of a centralized drinking water source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S6 step includes: Establish an intelligent dynamic restoration mechanism based on water quality early warning, and monitor chlorophyll a, dissolved oxygen, and characteristic pollutants in real time; When the algae exceed the standard, the landscape-friendly physical algae control device is automatically started, and the landscape-friendly physical algae control device includes an underwater LED algae inhibition lamp and an ultra-fine bubble generator.

7. The method for ecological restoration of a centralized drinking water source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S7 step includes: Adopt an assessment system based on ecological service functions to quantify biodiversity, self-purification rate and carbon sequestration increment; Implement a community participatory management model and encourage surrounding residents to participate in vegetation maintenance and inspections through an ecological points system.

8. The method for ecological restoration of a centralized drinking water source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The substrate improvement material is a carbon sink-enhanced composite environmental material, comprising a biochar-based composite material that carries oxygen for slow release and modified clay particles that carry pollutant-degrading bacteria.

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