Non-reciprocal self-recovery buffer energy absorption device and use method thereof
The non-reciprocal self-recovering buffer energy absorption device designed with mechanical metamaterials and reset springs solves the problems of uncontrollable energy dissipation and insufficient self-recovery ability of traditional devices, and achieves efficient and controllable energy absorption and self-recovery, which is suitable for extreme environments.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510900723.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-01
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing buffer energy absorption devices have problems such as uncontrollable energy dissipation, lack of self-recovery ability and difficulty in achieving non-reciprocity. Traditional devices usually undergo permanent deformation or damage after impact, and are costly, difficult to process and have poor environmental adaptability.
The mechanical metamaterial geometry and return spring design are adopted to achieve non-reciprocity and self-recovery capabilities through structural design and mechanical metamaterial properties. The non-reciprocal behavior of the motor control device is utilized, combined with the deformation characteristics of the metamaterial barrel and the energy storage of the spring to achieve controllable energy dissipation.
It achieves efficient and controllable energy absorption and self-recovery, adapts to extreme environments, has a simple structure and high reliability, and is suitable for complex engineering needs.
Smart Images
Figure CN120626680A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of mechanical design, manufacturing and automation, and relates to a non-reciprocal self-restoring buffer energy absorption device and a method of using the same. Background Art
[0002] In modern engineering, energy-absorbing devices are widely used in various scenarios, such as automotive collision protection, building earthquake resistance, and mechanical equipment vibration reduction. Their core function is to absorb and dissipate impact energy, protecting the main structure from damage. Traditional energy-absorbing devices, such as metal yielding, foam filling, and hydraulic damping, can meet the needs to a certain extent, but they still have some limitations (Li Bo, Tan Canghai, Wu Qiong, et al. Analysis of the energy absorption characteristics of the astronaut landing cushion system of the new generation manned spacecraft [J]. Acta Aeronautica Sinica, 2025, published online). For example:
[0003] a. Uncontrollable energy dissipation: The energy dissipation mechanism of traditional devices often relies on plastic deformation of materials or fluid damping. This dissipation process is irreversible and difficult to accurately control, making it difficult to accurately control the energy dissipation characteristics.
[0004] b. Lack of self-recovery ability: Traditional devices usually undergo permanent deformation or damage after experiencing impact, requiring manual repair or replacement, which not only increases maintenance costs but also reduces the reliability and service life of the device.
[0005] c. Difficulty in achieving non-reciprocity: The energy absorption characteristics of conventional devices are typically bidirectionally symmetrical, meaning they exhibit the same response to impacts from different directions. However, in certain applications, such as unidirectional impact protection or vibration energy harvesting, non-reciprocity is required, meaning that the device exhibits different response characteristics to impacts from different directions.
[0006] To address these issues, researchers have recently begun exploring energy-absorbing devices based on novel materials and structures, such as shape memory alloys, negative Poisson's ratio materials, and phononic crystals. These new materials and structures offer new avenues for designing high-performance energy-absorbing devices, but they still face challenges, such as high material costs, difficult processing, and poor environmental adaptability. Summary of the Invention
[0007] In response to the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a non-reciprocal self-recovering buffer energy absorption device, which can overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, achieve efficient, controllable, and adaptive energy absorption, and has self-recovery and non-reciprocity. The core idea of the non-reciprocal self-recovery buffer energy absorption device proposed by the present invention is to utilize structural design and mechanical metamaterial properties to achieve the following functions: a. Non-reciprocity: By designing the mechanical metamaterial geometry and load-bearing method, the device exhibits different stiffness, damping or energy dissipation characteristics for impacts in different directions, thereby achieving a non-reciprocal buffer energy absorption effect. b. Self-recovery ability: The mechanical metamaterial geometry is combined with a reset spring to enable the device to automatically restore its original shape and performance after an impact without the need for human intervention. c. Controllable energy dissipation: The stress deformation of the mechanical metamaterial geometry used is fully controllable, so that energy dissipation can be precisely controlled. It is a non-reciprocal buffer energy absorption device with simple composition, high reliability, flexible regulation, strong environmental adaptability, outstanding programmability and a wide design space, which meets the complex needs of buffer energy absorption in actual engineering.
[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is:
[0009] A non-reciprocal buffering and energy-absorbing device comprises: an outer shell 1, a connecting rod 8, and a motor 2, a spring 3, a transmission shaft 4, an upper end cover 5, a metamaterial barrel shell 6, and a lower end cover 7 located inside the outer shell 1. During use of the buffering and energy-absorbing device, the upper end cover 5 and the lower end cover 7 are respectively fixed to the two ends of the metamaterial barrel shell 6, for supporting the metamaterial barrel shell 6 and transferring loads; the connecting rod 8 passes through the upper end cover 5 and the lower end cover 7, one end of which is connected to the transmission shaft 4, and the other end is outside the outer shell 1; the transmission shaft 4 is connected to the motor 2; the spring 3 is supported between the outer shell 1 and the connecting rod 8. A spring is installed in the device for resetting, and a motor is installed in the device for regulating the non-reciprocal behavior. Specifically:
[0010] The housing 1 is a hollow cylindrical structure with a sealed bottom and an open top.
[0011] The spring 3 is arranged inside the housing 1 and contacts the bottom surface of the housing 1 and one end of the connecting rod 8 . The outer diameter of the spring 3 is smaller than the inner diameter of the housing 1 , so that the spring 3 can move freely inside the housing 1 .
[0012] The metamaterial barrel shell 6 is made of rubber and consists of a central shell body and two end disc structures, each with a central hole. The shell body is a hollow cylindrical structure, with the dimensions gradually decreasing from the center to the ends, giving it a barrel-like shape. The shell body is perforated with multiple elliptical holes, which are periodically staggered. Two adjacent holes have their major axis positioned horizontally, while the major axis of the other hole is vertical, with uniform distribution along the circumference and axial directions. The ends of the metamaterial barrel shell 6 contract uniformly when subjected to pressure and expand uniformly when subjected to tension. The maximum dimension of the central portion of the metamaterial barrel shell 6 is slightly larger than the inner diameter of the outer shell 1, allowing the metamaterial barrel shell 6 to remain stationary within the outer shell 1 due to friction when not impacted.
[0013] The upper end cover 5 and the lower end cover 7 have the same structure and are symmetrically installed at the two ends of the metamaterial barrel shell 6. The structure of the upper end cover 5 is explained as it is composed of three hollow disc structures. The cross-section is in the shape of an "I". The outer diameter of the middle disc is the smallest. The end inserted into the metamaterial barrel shell 6 is defined as the inner end, and the outer diameter of the inner end disc is smaller than the outer diameter of the outer end disc, that is, the outer diameter of the outer end disc > the outer diameter of the inner end disc > the outer diameter of the middle disc. During installation, the inner end of the upper end cover 2 is inserted into the end of the metamaterial barrel shell 6, and the middle disc is stuck in the center opening of the disc structure at the end of the metamaterial barrel shell 6. The inner end disc is deeply inserted into the shell body of the metamaterial barrel shell 6, and the outer end disc is located outside the shell body. The center hole surface of the upper end cover 5 and the lower end cover 7 is provided with protruding teeth.
[0014] The connecting rod 8 is as follows Figure 3 As shown, a disc is provided at one end of the connecting rod 8, and a hemispherical head is provided at the other end of the connecting rod 8. A plurality of slides and clamping grooves are provided on the outer wall of the connecting rod 8, and the disc and hemispherical head are detachable. During installation, the disc and hemispherical head are removed, the light rod of the connecting rod 8 is passed through the upper end cover 5, and then the metamaterial barrel shell 6 is passed through the connecting rod 8 and fixed to the upper end cover 5, and then the lower end cover 7 is passed through and fixed to the metamaterial barrel shell 6, and then the disc and hemispherical head are replaced. At this point, the connecting rod 8 is installed. A blind hole is provided in the middle of the connecting rod 8, and the shape of the blind hole is the same as the cross-section of the transmission shaft 4, which is used to cooperate with the transmission shaft 4. Specifically: the outer wall of the connecting rod 8 is processed with the same first slide groove 8-1, second slide groove 8-4, and the same first clamping groove 8-3, second clamping groove 8-2; the first slide groove 8-1 and the first clamping groove 8-3 are located near the disc end, and the second slide groove 8-4 and the second clamping groove 8-3 are located near the hemispherical head end.
[0015] The motor 2 is mounted at the end of the housing 1, and its output shaft is connected to the transmission shaft 4, which extends into the blind hole of the connecting rod 8. The motor 2 drives the connecting rod 8 to rotate via the transmission shaft 4. The connecting rod 8 can form two connection states with the upper end cover 5 and the lower end cover 7 by rotating. The initial state is defined as the motor 2 not rotating and at the 0° position. At this time, the latching teeth of the upper end cover 5 are engaged with the first latching groove 8-3 of the connecting rod 8, and the latching teeth of the lower end cover 7 are engaged with the second latching groove 8-2 of the connecting rod 8. The upper end cover 5 and the lower end cover 7 cannot slide relative to the connecting rod 8. The two connection states are described as follows:
[0016] a. Connection state a: When the motor 2 drives the connecting rod 8 to rotate 90° counterclockwise, the latching teeth of the upper end cover 5 are engaged with the first sliding groove 8-1 of the connecting rod 8, and the latching teeth of the lower end cover 7 are engaged with the second sliding groove 8-2 of the connecting rod 8, so that the connecting rod 8 and the lower end cover 7 cannot slide relative to each other, while the upper end cover 5 can slide freely relative to the connecting rod 8.
[0017] b. Connection state b: When the motor 2 drives the connecting rod 8 to rotate 90° clockwise, the latching teeth of the upper end cover 5 are engaged with the first latching groove 8-3 of the connecting rod 8, and the latching teeth of the lower end cover 7 are engaged with the second sliding groove 8-4 of the connecting rod 8, so that the connecting rod 8 and the upper end cover 5 are fixed together, while the lower end cover 7 can slide freely relative to the connecting rod 8.
[0018] A method for using a non-reciprocal self-restoring buffer energy absorption device, wherein the non-reciprocal behavior of the energy absorption device in connection state a and connection state b is described as follows: Figure 8-9 As shown, the specific steps include:
[0019] First, in connected state a, when the ball cap of connecting rod 8 is subjected to an impact load, connecting rod 8 transmits the compressive load to lower end cap 7, which compresses metamaterial shell 6. Under the compressive load, metamaterial shell 6 contracts uniformly, reducing the compressive force and contact area between it and outer shell 1. This reduces friction between the two, leading to a significant sliding motion. Spring 3, under the action of connecting rod 8, compresses, storing most of the impact energy within it. After the impact, the impact load dissipates, and the spring energy is instantly released, pushing connecting rod 8 in the opposite direction. Under the force of connecting rod 8, metamaterial shell 6 stretches and expands uniformly, increasing the compressive force and contact area between it and outer shell 1. This increases friction between the two, leading to a smaller sliding motion. This significantly reduces the instantaneous release rate of the spring energy, thus preventing the device from experiencing a secondary impact. Once the spring's kinetic energy decreases, the spring 3 slowly returns to its initial state under the elastic force of spring 3.
[0020] Secondly, in connected state b, when the ball cap of connecting rod 8 is subjected to an impact load, connecting rod 8 transmits a compressive load to upper end cap 5, which in turn stretches metamaterial shell 6. Under the tensile load, metamaterial shell 6 expands uniformly, increasing the compressive force and contact area between metamaterial shell 6 and outer shell 1. This increases friction between metamaterial shell 6 and outer shell 1, leading to a small slip motion. Spring 3 compresses under the action of connecting rod 8, storing a small portion of the impact energy within spring 3. After the impact, the impact load disappears, and the spring energy is instantly released, pushing connecting rod 8 in the opposite direction. Under the force of connecting rod 8, metamaterial shell 6 compresses and contracts uniformly, reducing the compressive force and contact area between metamaterial shell 6 and outer shell 1. This reduces friction between metamaterial shell 6 and outer shell 1, allowing the small amount of spring energy to be quickly released, allowing metamaterial shell 6 to quickly return to its initial state. The significantly different slip behavior of metamaterial shell 6 under impact loads in opposite directions is called nonreciprocal behavior.
[0021] Furthermore, the energy absorbing device in connection state a is suitable for application scenarios with large impact energy and low impact frequency, while the energy absorbing device in connection state b is suitable for application scenarios with small impact energy and high impact frequency.
[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0023] (1) This device is a non-reciprocal buffer energy absorption device, and most existing devices are reciprocal structures.
[0024] (2) The device can self-recover after absorbing the impact energy, while most traditional energy-absorbing devices cannot self-recover.
[0025] (3) (1) The device is a purely mechanical device, without the involvement of gas or liquid, and can adapt to extreme space or ocean environments.
[0026] In summary, the present invention has the advantages of simple structure, excellent performance, strong environmental adaptability, etc. It can be widely used in the fields of automobiles, aerospace, construction, machinery, etc., and has important scientific significance and engineering application value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0027] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the self-recovering buffer energy absorption device (cross-sectional view).
[0028] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the metamaterial barrel shell 6.
[0029] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the connecting rod 8.
[0030] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the upper end cover 5 and the lower end cover 7.
[0031] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the transmission shaft 4.
[0032] Figure 6 is the connection state a of the energy absorbing device.
[0033] Figure 7 This is the connection state b of the energy absorbing device.
[0034] Figure 8 It is the non-reciprocity principle under connection state a.
[0035] Figure 9 is the non-reciprocity principle in connection state b.
[0036] Figure 10 This is the overall structural diagram of the self-recovering buffer energy absorption device.
[0037] In the figure: 1 housing, 2 motor, 3 spring, 4 transmission shaft, 5 upper end cover, 6 metamaterial barrel shell, 7 lower end cover, 8 connecting rod;
[0038] 8-1 first card slot, 8-2 second card slot, 8-3 first slide slot, 8-4 second slide slot. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0039] The present invention is further described below with reference to specific implementation cases.
[0040] A non-reciprocal energy-absorbing device such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes: a housing 1, a connecting rod 8, and a motor 2, a spring 3, a transmission shaft 4, an upper end cover 5, a metamaterial barrel shell 6, and a lower end cover 7 located inside the housing 1. During use, the buffer energy absorption device is fixed to the upper end cover 5 and the lower end cover 7 at both ends of the metamaterial barrel shell 6 to support the metamaterial barrel shell 6 and transfer loads; the connecting rod 8 passes through the upper end cover 5 and the lower end cover 7, with one end connected to the transmission shaft 4 and the other end outside the housing 1; the transmission shaft 4 is connected to the motor 2; and the spring 3 is supported between the housing 1 and the connecting rod 8. Specifically:
[0041] The housing 1 is a hollow cylindrical structure with a sealed bottom and an open top.
[0042] The spring 3 is arranged inside the housing 1 and contacts the bottom surface of the housing 1 and one end of the connecting rod 8 . The outer diameter of the spring 3 is smaller than the inner diameter of the housing 1 , so that the spring 3 can move freely inside the housing 1 .
[0043] The metamaterial barrel shell 6 is made of rubber and consists of a central shell body and two end disc structures, each with a central hole. The shell body is a hollow cylindrical structure, with the dimensions gradually decreasing from the center to the ends, giving it a barrel-like shape. The shell body is perforated with multiple elliptical holes, which are periodically staggered. Two adjacent holes have their major axis positioned horizontally, while the major axis of the other hole is vertical, with uniform distribution along the circumference and axial directions. The ends of the metamaterial barrel shell 6 contract uniformly when subjected to pressure and expand uniformly when subjected to tension. The maximum dimension of the central portion of the metamaterial barrel shell 6 is slightly larger than the inner diameter of the outer shell 1, allowing the metamaterial barrel shell 6 to remain stationary within the outer shell 1 due to friction when not impacted.
[0044] The upper end cap 5 and lower end cap 7 have the same structure and are symmetrically installed at both ends of the metamaterial barrel shell 6. The structure of the upper end cap 5 is described above. It is composed of three hollow disc structures, with an "I"-shaped cross-section. The middle disc has the smallest outer diameter. The end inserted into the metamaterial barrel shell 6 is defined as the inner end. The outer diameter of the inner end disc is smaller than the outer diameter of the outer end disc, that is, the outer diameter of the outer end disc > the outer diameter of the inner end disc > the outer diameter of the middle disc. During installation, the inner end of the upper end cap 2 is inserted into the end of the metamaterial barrel shell 6. The middle disc is clamped in the center opening of the disc structure at the end of the metamaterial barrel shell 6. The inner end disc is deeply inserted into the shell body of the metamaterial barrel shell 6, and the outer end disc is located outside the shell body. The center hole surface of the upper end cap 5 and the lower end cap 7 is provided with protruding teeth.
[0045] The connecting rod 8 is as follows Figure 3 As shown, a disc is provided at one end of the connecting rod 8, and a hemispherical head is provided at the other end of the connecting rod 8. A plurality of slides and clamping grooves are provided on the outer wall of the connecting rod 8, and the disc and hemispherical head are detachable. During installation, the disc and hemispherical head are removed, the light rod of the connecting rod 8 is passed through the upper end cover 5, and then the metamaterial barrel shell 6 is passed through the connecting rod 8 and fixed to the upper end cover 5, and then the lower end cover 7 is passed through and fixed to the metamaterial barrel shell 6, and then the disc and hemispherical head are replaced. At this point, the connecting rod 8 is installed. A blind hole is provided in the middle of the connecting rod 8, and the shape of the blind hole is the same as the cross-section of the transmission shaft 4, which is used to cooperate with the transmission shaft 4. Specifically: the outer wall of the connecting rod 8 is processed with the same first slide groove 8-1, second slide groove 8-4, and the same first clamping groove 8-3, second clamping groove 8-2; the first slide groove 8-1 and the first clamping groove 8-3 are located near the disc end, and the second slide groove 8-4 and the second clamping groove 8-3 are located near the hemispherical head end.
[0046] The motor 2 is mounted at the end of the housing 1, and its output shaft is connected to the transmission shaft 4, which is inserted into the blind hole of the connecting rod 8. Figure 5 As shown) drives the connecting rod 8 to rotate, and the connecting rod 8 can form two connection states with the upper end cover 5 and the lower end cover 7 by rotating, as shown Figure 6-7As shown, the initial state is defined as the motor 2 not rotating, at the 0° position. At this time, the latching teeth of the upper end cover 5 are engaged with the first latching groove 8-3 of the connecting rod 8, and the latching teeth of the lower end cover 7 are engaged with the second latching groove 8-2 of the connecting rod 8. The upper end cover 5 and the lower end cover 7 cannot slide relative to the connecting rod 8. The two connection states are described as follows:
[0047] a. Connection state a: When the motor 2 drives the connecting rod 8 to rotate counterclockwise by 90°, the latching teeth of the upper end cover 5 are engaged with the first sliding groove 8-1 of the connecting rod 8, and the latching teeth of the lower end cover 7 are engaged with the second sliding groove 8-2 of the connecting rod 8, so that the connecting rod 8 and the lower end cover 7 cannot slide relative to each other, while the upper end cover 5 can slide freely relative to the connecting rod 8. Figure 6 shown.
[0048] b. Connection state b: When the motor 2 drives the connecting rod 8 to rotate 90° clockwise, the latching teeth of the upper end cover 5 are engaged with the first latching groove 8-3 of the connecting rod 8, and the latching teeth of the lower end cover 7 are engaged with the second sliding groove 8-4 of the connecting rod 8, so that the connecting rod 8 and the upper end cover 5 are fixed together, while the lower end cover 7 can slide freely relative to the connecting rod 8. Figure 7 shown.
[0049] A specific embodiment of a non-reciprocal self-restoring buffer energy absorption device is as follows:
[0050] The device includes a housing 1, a motor 2, a spring 3, a transmission shaft 4, an upper end cover 5, a metamaterial barrel shell 6, a lower end cover 7, and a connecting rod 8. First, the hole pattern and arrangement of the metamaterial barrel shell 6 are designed, and a hard model is made by 3D printing. The hard model is used as the main body and a mold is formed by silicone casting; then, rubber raw materials are configured and poured into the prepared silicone mold. After curing, the metamaterial barrel shell 6 can be obtained; next, metal materials are used to make the shell 1, transmission shaft 4, upper end cover 5, lower end cover 6, and connecting rod 8 by mechanical processing, and the upper end cover 5 and lower end cover 7 are fixed to the metamaterial barrel shell 6, and the connecting rod 8 is passed through the lower end cover 7 and the upper end cover 5 respectively; finally, the motor 2 is fixed to the bottom of the shell 1, the spring 3 is placed in the shell 1, the transmission shaft 4 is connected to the output shaft of the motor 2, and the assembled upper end cover 5, metamaterial barrel shell 6, lower end cover 7 and connecting rod 8 are inserted into the shell 1 together to ensure that the transmission shaft 4 is accurately inserted into the interior of the connecting rod 8. At this point, the overall implementation of the self-recovering energy absorption device is completed.
[0051] The above-described embodiments merely express the implementation methods of the present invention, but should not be understood as limiting the scope of the patent of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A non-reciprocal self-restoring buffer energy absorption device, characterized in that: The self-restoring buffer energy absorption device comprises: a shell (1), a connecting rod (8), a motor (2) located inside the shell (1), a spring (3), a transmission shaft (4), an upper end cover (5), a metamaterial barrel shell (6), and a lower end cover (7); the upper end cover (5) and the lower end cover (7) are respectively fixed to the two ends of the metamaterial barrel shell (6) for supporting the metamaterial barrel shell (6) and transmitting loads; the connecting rod (8) passes through the upper end cover (5) and the lower end cover (7), one end of which is connected to the transmission shaft (4) and the other end of which is outside the shell (1); the transmission shaft (4) is connected to the motor (2); the spring (3) is supported between the shell (1) and the connecting rod (8); The metamaterial barrel shell (6) is composed of a middle shell body and disc structures at both ends, and the disc structures at the ends have holes in the center. The shell body is a hollow cylindrical structure, and the size gradually decreases from the middle to the two ends, presenting a barrel shape. The shell body has multiple holes. When the two ends of the metamaterial barrel shell (6) are compressed, they undergo uniform contraction deformation, and when they are pulled, they undergo uniform expansion deformation. The maximum size of the middle portion of the metamaterial barrel shell (6) is larger than the inner diameter of the outer shell (1), so that the metamaterial barrel shell (6) can be stationary and stuck inside the outer shell (1) by means of friction when not subjected to impact.
2. A non-reciprocal self-restoring buffer energy absorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The housing (1) is a hollow cylindrical structure with a sealed bottom and an open top.
3. A non-reciprocal self-restoring buffer energy absorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spring (3) is arranged inside the housing (1), in contact with the bottom surface of the housing (1) and one end of the connecting rod (8), and has an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the housing (1), so that the spring (3) can move freely inside the housing (1).
4. A non-reciprocal self-restoring buffer energy absorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metamaterial barrel shell (6) is made of rubber material.
5. The non-reciprocal self-restoring buffer energy absorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The holes opened in the metamaterial barrel shell (6) are elliptical in shape, and the holes are arranged in a periodic staggered manner. The major axis of one of the two adjacent holes is placed horizontally, and the major axis of the other hole is placed vertically, and the holes are evenly distributed along the circumferential and axial directions.
6. The non-reciprocal self-restoring buffer energy absorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end cover (5) and the lower end cover (7) have the same structure and are symmetrically mounted on the two ends of the metamaterial barrel shell (6); the structure of the upper end cover (5) is described as being composed of three hollow disc structures, the cross section of which is in the shape of an "I" character, the outer diameter of the middle disc being the smallest, and the end inserted into the metamaterial barrel shell (6) being defined as the inner end, and the outer diameter of the inner end disc being smaller than the outer diameter of the outer end disc; protruding teeth are provided on the central hole surfaces of the upper end cover (5) and the lower end cover (7).
7. The non-reciprocal self-restoring buffer energy absorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting rod (8) is provided with a disc at one end and a hemispherical head at the other end. A plurality of slide grooves and clamping grooves are provided on the outer wall of the connecting rod (8), and the disc and the hemispherical head are detachable. A blind hole is provided in the middle of the connecting rod (8), and the shape of the blind hole is the same as the cross-section of the transmission shaft (4) for cooperating with the transmission shaft (4). Specifically, the outer wall of the connecting rod (8) is processed with the same first slide groove (8-1), second slide groove (8-4), and the same first clamping groove (8-3), and second clamping groove (8-2); the first slide groove (8-1) and the first clamping groove (8-3) are located near the disc end, and the second slide groove (8-4) and the second clamping groove (8-3) are located near the hemispherical head end.
8. The non-reciprocal self-restoring buffer energy absorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The motor (2) is mounted at the end of the housing (1), and its output shaft is connected to the transmission shaft (4), which is inserted into the blind hole of the connecting rod (8); the motor (2) drives the connecting rod (8) to rotate via the transmission shaft (4), and the connecting rod (8) forms two connection states with the upper end cover (5) and the lower end cover (7) by rotating; the initial state is defined as the motor (2) not rotating and being at the 0° position, at which time the latching teeth of the upper end cover (5) are engaged in the first latching groove (8-3) of the connecting rod (8), and the latching teeth of the lower end cover (7) are engaged in the second latching groove (8-2) of the connecting rod (8), and the upper end cover (5) and the lower end cover (7) cannot slide relative to the connecting rod (8); the two connection states are as follows: a. Connection state a: When the motor (2) drives the connecting rod (8) to rotate 90° counterclockwise, the latching teeth of the upper end cover (5) are engaged with the first sliding groove (8-1) of the connecting rod (8), and the latching teeth of the lower end cover (7) are engaged with the second latching groove (8-2) of the connecting rod (8), so that the connecting rod (8) and the lower end cover (7) cannot slide relative to each other, and the upper end cover (5) can slide freely relative to the connecting rod (8); b. Connection state b: When the motor (2) drives the connecting rod (8) to rotate 90° clockwise, the latching teeth of the upper end cover (5) are engaged with the first latching groove (8-3) of the connecting rod (8), and the latching teeth of the lower end cover (7) are engaged with the second sliding groove (8-4) of the connecting rod (8), so that the connecting rod (8) and the upper end cover (5) are fixed together, and the lower end cover (7) slides freely relative to the connecting rod (8).
9. A method for using the non-reciprocal self-restoring buffer energy absorption device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: First, in the connection state a, when the ball cap of the connecting rod (8) is subjected to an impact load, the connecting rod (8) transmits the compression load to the lower end cover (7), and the lower end cover (7) compresses the metamaterial barrel shell (6), causing uniform contraction, thereby reducing the friction between the metamaterial barrel shell (6) and the outer shell (1), and then causing a larger sliding motion; the spring (3) is compressed under the action of the connecting rod (8), and most of the impact energy is stored in the spring (3); after the impact is completed, the impact load disappears, and the spring energy is instantly released to push the connecting rod (8) to move in the opposite direction. Under the push of the connecting rod (8), the metamaterial barrel shell (6) is stretched and uniformly expanded, thereby increasing the friction between the metamaterial barrel shell (6) and the outer shell (1), and then causing a smaller sliding motion, thereby preventing the device from being subjected to a secondary impact; when the kinetic energy of the spring is reduced, the metamaterial barrel shell (6) slowly recovers to its initial state under the elastic force of the spring (3); Secondly, in the connection state b, when the ball cap of the connecting rod (8) is subjected to an impact load, the connecting rod (8) transmits the compression load to the upper end cover (5), and the upper end cover (5) stretches the metamaterial barrel shell (6), causing uniform expansion, thereby increasing the friction between the metamaterial barrel shell (6) and the outer shell (1), and then a small sliding movement occurs; the spring (3) is compressed under the action of the connecting rod (8), and a small part of the impact energy is stored in the spring (3); after the impact is completed, the impact load disappears, and the spring energy is released instantly, pushing the connecting rod (8) to move in the opposite direction. Under the push of the connecting rod (8), the metamaterial barrel shell (6) will be compressed and contracted uniformly, thereby reducing the friction between the metamaterial barrel shell (6) and the outer shell (1), and the metamaterial barrel shell (6) quickly returns to its initial state; The metamaterial barrel shell (6) exhibits significantly different sliding behaviors under impact loads in opposite directions, which is called non-reciprocal behavior.
10. The method for using the non-reciprocal self-restoring buffer energy absorption device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The energy absorbing device in the connection state a is suitable for application scenarios with large impact energy and low impact frequency; the energy absorbing device in the connection state b is suitable for application scenarios with small impact energy and high impact frequency.