Spiral plate heat exchanger in surfactant production process

Abstract

The invention relates to a spiral plate heat exchanger in a surfactant production process, which comprises an outer spiral channel and an inner spiral channel nested in the outer spiral channel, and the spiral direction of the outer spiral channel is opposite to the spiral direction of the inner spiral channel; the inner spiral channel is formed by rolling two parallel inner spiral plates, the channel distance of the outer spiral channel is larger than that of the inner spiral channel, and the outer spiral channel is formed by rolling two parallel outer spiral plates. A partition plate is arranged between the outer spiral channel and the inner spiral channel, and a distance adjusting assembly is arranged on the partition plate and used for adjusting the channel distance of the outer spiral channel. The outer spiral channel and the inner spiral channel which are of a nested structure are adopted, the distance between the outer spiral channel and the inner spiral channel is larger than that between the outer spiral channel and the inner spiral channel, the outer spiral channel is suitable for high-viscosity or particle-containing surface active agent raw material liquid, the large distance reduces flowing resistance and avoids blocking, and the inner spiral channel is suitable for low-viscosity or media (such as cooling water) needing heat exchange enhancement. And the turbulence intensity can be enhanced by matching the smaller spacing with the reverse spiral.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of heat exchangers, and in particular to a spiral plate heat exchanger used in a surfactant production process. Background Art

[0002] Spiral plate heat exchangers, with their advantages of efficient heat transfer and compact structure, are widely used in chemical production, particularly in surfactant production, where they perform critical heat exchange tasks such as heating and cooling reactants and solvent recovery. Traditional spiral plate heat exchangers consist of two parallel metal plates rolled into two spiral channels. The hot and cold fluids flow in countercurrent or crosscurrent patterns within these channels, transferring heat through the metal plates. However, as surfactant production processes evolve toward refinement and efficiency, traditional structures are facing numerous technical bottlenecks when coping with complex operating conditions. Specifically, in surfactant production, the viscosity of materials such as the melt generated by the polymerization reaction and the concentrated viscous solution can reach 300-1200 mPa·s, significantly higher than that of conventional fluids. The fixed, narrow flow channels (typically 3-8 mm spacing) of traditional spiral plate heat exchangers create significant flow resistance when high-viscosity materials pass through them. According to the Darcy-Weisberg equation, fluid pressure drop is positively correlated with viscosity and flow rate, and inversely proportional to the fifth power of the channel diameter. Therefore, when transporting high-viscosity materials in narrow channels, pumping energy consumption increases dramatically. Excessive pressure can even cause channel blockage, impacting production continuity.

[0003] The Chinese patent application number 202411558488.X and the application date 2024.11.04 discloses a spiral plate heat exchanger, a heat exchange device and a heat exchange method for viscous fluids. The heat exchanger body is provided with a first inlet, a first outlet, a second inlet and a second outlet. The two media enter the interior of the heat exchanger body through the first inlet and the second inlet respectively to complete heat exchange, and are discharged from the first outlet and the second outlet respectively; this application integrates heat exchange and filtration functions into one, simplifies the production process, and uses a disc with two filter areas. During operation, the two filter areas take turns to process the medium. Whenever there is a blockage in the filter area, the elastic trigger mechanism can trigger the movement, so that the synchronous follow-up mechanism drives the disc to rotate half a circle, and the two filter areas exchange positions, and then the backflushing mechanism is used to clean the blocked filter area. Although this patent sets up a switchable filter area and an elastic trigger mechanism, which to a certain extent realizes the automatic switching filter function in case of blockage and reduces the frequency of manual maintenance, the solution still has limitations: its filter area structure is fixed and it is difficult to adapt to impurities of different particle sizes and the high-efficiency filtration requirements under complex working conditions.

[0004] With respect to the above-mentioned related technologies, the inventors believe that there is a defect in the existing spiral plate heat exchanger in that it is difficult to adapt to the requirements of high-efficiency filtration under impurities of different particle sizes and complex working conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a spiral plate heat exchanger for use in a surfactant production process.

[0006] This application provides a spiral plate heat exchanger for use in a surfactant production process, which employs the following technical solutions: A spiral plate heat exchanger for use in a surfactant production process comprises an outer spiral channel and an inner spiral channel nested within the outer spiral channel, wherein the spiral direction of the outer spiral channel is opposite to that of the inner spiral channel; the inner spiral channel is formed by rolling two parallel inner spiral plates, and the channel spacing of the outer spiral channel is greater than the channel spacing of the inner spiral channel, and the outer spiral channel is formed by rolling two parallel outer spiral plates; a partition is provided between the outer spiral channel and the inner spiral channel, and a distance adjustment component is provided on the partition, wherein the distance adjustment component is used to adjust the channel spacing of the outer spiral channel.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, a nested structure of outer spiral channels and inner spiral channels is adopted, and the spacing of the outer spiral channels is larger than that of the inner spiral. The outer spiral channel is suitable for surfactant raw liquids with high viscosity or containing particles. The larger spacing reduces flow resistance and avoids blockage. The inner spiral channel is suitable for media with low viscosity or that require enhanced heat exchange (such as cooling water). The smaller spacing combined with the reverse spiral can enhance the turbulence intensity and improve the heat transfer coefficient. The channel spacing of the outer spiral channel can be adjusted using the pitch adjustment component to adapt to fluids with different viscosities.

[0008] Preferably, a plurality of inner distance columns supporting the inner spiral plate are provided between the channel spacings of the inner spiral channel, and each of the inner distance columns is evenly distributed along the axial direction of the inner spiral channel; a plurality of outer distance columns supporting the outer spiral plate are provided between the channel spacings of the outer spiral channel, and each of the outer distance columns is evenly distributed along the axial direction of the outer spiral channel; the cross-sectional diameter of the outer distance columns is larger than the cross-sectional diameter of the inner distance columns, and the outer walls of the outer distance columns and the inner distance columns are both formed with spiral grooves along their axial directions, the spiral direction of the grooves on the outer distance columns is consistent with the spiral direction of the outer spiral channel, and the spiral direction of the grooves on the inner distance columns is consistent with the spiral direction of the inner spiral channel, and piezoelectric vibrators are embedded in both the inner distance columns and the outer distance columns.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the inner and outer spiral plates are supported respectively by the inner and outer distance columns to ensure the constant spacing of the spiral channel and prevent the spiral plates from deforming under fluid pressure; the design of the spiral groove can form a spiral turbulent trajectory, extend the residence time of the fluid in the channel, and improve the heat transfer coefficient.

[0010] Preferably, the distance adjustment component includes a plurality of slide grooves arranged at the end surface of the partition and spaced along the circumference thereof, an adjustment block arranged in the slide groove, a magnetic rod connected to one end surface of the adjustment block, two wedge-shaped inclined surfaces arranged on the other end surface of the adjustment block, an adjustable wall plate arranged on one side of the outer spiral channel, a plurality of needle roller guides arranged on the adjustable wall plate, a plurality of micro hydraulic cylinders arranged on the outer wall of the outer spiral channel and a magnetic coupler connected to the piston rod of the micro hydraulic cylinder, each of the magnetic couplers and each of the magnetic rods is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence, and the polarity of the magnetic coupler and the corresponding magnetic rod is the same, and the micro The axial direction of the piston rod in the hydraulic cylinder is parallel to the radial direction of the outer spiral channel, and is parallel to the axial direction of the magnetic rod and the tangent of the outer spiral channel; the adjustable wall plate is arranged opposite to the opening side of the slide groove, and the magnetic rod is arranged on the side of the adjustment block away from the adjustable wall plate, and penetrates the partition plate axially, and the two wedge-shaped inclined surfaces are respectively located at the two edge positions of the end face of the adjustment block along the tangential direction; the wedge-shaped inclined surface is arc-shaped and meshes with the needle guide rail, and the normal direction of the wedge-shaped inclined surface is parallel to the radial direction of the outer spiral channel, and the end of the adjustable wall plate is connected to the outer plate of the outer spiral channel.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, based on the principle of like repels like, when the micro hydraulic cylinder drives the magnetic coupler, it can push the magnetic rod to drive the adjustment block to slide. Since the wedge-shaped inclined surface engages with the needle guide, the radial hydraulic thrust can be converted into radial displacement, thereby accurately adjusting the spacing of the outer spiral channel to adapt to media with different viscosities.

[0012] Preferably, the adjustable wall panel includes a fixed ring plate and a plurality of movable plates elastically connected to the inner wall of the fixed ring plate, the movable plate is connected to the outer plate of the outer spiral channel on a side close to the fixed ring plate, each of the movable plates is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with each of the slide grooves, and a mounting groove is provided in the movable plate along its radial direction, the opening of the mounting groove extends to the end face of the movable plate on one side close to the outer spiral channel, the needle roller guide is provided in the mounting groove, and each of the movable plates is connected end to end to form a spiral curved ring, a plurality of connecting grooves are provided on the inner wall of the fixed ring plate, an elastic sealing belt is provided in the connecting groove, and the elastic sealing belt is connected to the movable plate on a side facing away from the fixed ring plate.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the movable plate is connected to the fixed ring plate through an elastic sealing belt (Hastelloy corrugated belt), and the radially moving needle guide pushes the movable plate to expand outward or inward, thereby changing the channel spacing of the outer spiral channel.

[0014] Preferably, one side wall of each movable plate is provided with a dovetail tenon, and the other side wall is provided with a dovetail groove, and the dovetail tenon of the movable plate cooperates with the dovetail groove of the adjacent movable plate; a magnetic baffle is provided in the mounting groove of each movable plate, and the needle guide rail is fixed by corresponding attraction with the magnetic baffle.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the cooperation between the dovetail tenon and the groove forms a mechanical interlocking structure, which tightly connects adjacent movable plates and can effectively resist radial or axial displacement caused by fluid pressure, avoiding channel deformation or leakage.

[0016] Preferably, dovetail grooves are provided on the two opposite inner walls of the slide, the dovetail grooves are gap-matched with the corresponding wedge-shaped inclined surfaces, and electrode pins are embedded in the bottom of the slide. A piezoelectric ceramic piece is provided on the side of the adjustment block opposite to the bottom of the slide, and the piezoelectric ceramic piece is locked with the electrode pin when power is applied.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, double dovetail grooves are set in the slide to match the wedge-shaped inclined surface of the adjustment block to avoid fluid impact causing the adjustment block position drift. In addition, a rigid locking structure can be formed by piezoelectric ceramics and energized pins to prevent spacing fluctuations caused by fluid pressure.

[0018] Preferably, a viscosity sensor and a pressure difference sensor are provided at the inlet and outlet of the outer spiral channel, and the viscosity sensor, pressure difference sensor, magnetic coupler and piezoelectric ceramic piece are all connected to an external controller.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, viscosity sensors and differential pressure sensors are used to monitor the fluid state in real time to detect fluid viscosity and differential pressure. When an increase in fluid viscosity (such as when a non-ionic surfactant is cooled) or an increase in differential pressure (indicating scaling) is detected, the adjustment component operates to automatically increase the channel spacing of the outer spiral channel, thereby achieving energy efficiency optimization under all working conditions.

[0020] Preferably, a plurality of vortex units are arranged at intervals along the spiral streamline direction on the contact side of the inner spiral channel and the cooling medium, and each group of vortex units includes two rows of staggered pits and protrusions arranged behind each row of pits. The pits are arranged in a hemispherical shape, and the cross-section of the protrusions is triangular. The protruding directions of the two protrusions of each group of vortex units are opposite, and a miniature ultrasonic transducer is provided in at least two of the pits arranged at intervals in each group of vortex units.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, staggered hemispherical pits and triangular protrusions are formed on the wall of the inner spiral channel. When the fluid flows through, strong vortices are formed, destroying the boundary layer and thus improving the heat transfer coefficient.

[0022] Preferably, a plurality of inclined guide plates are provided near the inlet end of the outer spiral channel, and the inclined guide plates are fan-shaped, and their curvature matches the curvature of the outer spiral channel. The inclined guide plates are divided into three groups, and the groups are arranged 120° along the circumference of the outer spiral channel, and the inclined guide plates of each group are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the outer spiral channel.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, three groups of inclined guide plates are arranged symmetrically at 120° along the circumference, which can evenly distribute the inlet fluid to different radial areas of the channel, prevent the local flow rate from being too high or too low, and ensure a more uniform flow velocity distribution across the entire cross section.

[0024] Preferably, a memory alloy hinge is embedded at the connection between each of the inclined guide plates and the outer spiral channel, and a permanent magnet strip is provided at the trailing edge of each of the inclined guide plates, and the magnetic poles of two adjacent permanent magnet strips are the same; a main cooling channel is also provided at the trailing edge of each of the inclined guide plates, and the main cooling channel is connected to a plurality of branch channels, each of the branch channels covers 120° of the circumference of the outer spiral channel, and the outlet end of each of the branch channels is connected to the outlet collecting chamber, and the outlet collecting chamber is connected to the recovery vortex tube.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, a memory alloy hinge is set at the bottom of the inclined guide plate, which can deform with changes in fluid temperature and automatically adjust the inclination angle of the inclined guide plate; in addition, the main cooling channel maintains the operating temperature of the memory alloy hinge near the critical point of phase change through circulating coolant, preventing the shape memory effect from fading due to long-term high temperature.

[0026] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: The present invention adopts a nested structure of outer spiral channels and inner spiral channels. The spacing between the outer spiral channels is larger than that of the inner spirals. The outer spiral channels are suitable for surfactant raw material liquids with high viscosity or containing particles. The larger spacing reduces flow resistance and avoids blockage. The inner spiral channels are suitable for media with low viscosity or that require enhanced heat exchange (such as cooling water). The smaller spacing combined with the reverse spiral can enhance the turbulence intensity and improve the heat transfer coefficient.

[0027] The present invention utilizes a spacing adjustment component to adjust the channel spacing of the outer spiral channel to adapt to different working conditions: when processing high-viscosity or particle-containing surfactant raw materials, the spacing is increased to reduce flow resistance and avoid blockage; or when heat transfer needs to be enhanced, the spacing is reduced to increase flow rate and turbulence. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a spiral plate heat exchanger in a surfactant production process of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2It is a right side view of the spiral channel in the present invention.

[0030] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the distance column in the present invention.

[0031] Figure 4 It is a partial cross-sectional view of the partition in the present invention.

[0032] Figure 5 It is a top view of the partition in the present invention.

[0033] Figure 6 It is a cross-sectional view of the adjustable wall panel of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 7 It is a side view of the movable plate in the present invention.

[0035] Figure 8 It is a top view of the needle roller guide rail in the present invention.

[0036] Figure 9 It is a top view of the inner spiral channel in the present invention.

[0037] Figure 10 It is a top view of the inclined guide plate of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 11 It is a side view of the inclined guide plate of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 12 It is a structural schematic diagram of the inclined guide plate in the present invention.

[0040] Explanation of reference numerals: 1. outer spiral channel; 2. inner spiral channel; 3. inner spiral plate; 4. outer spiral plate; 5. partition; 6. distance adjustment component; 61. slideway; 62. adjustment block; 63. magnetic rod; 64. wedge-shaped inclined plane; 65. adjustable wall plate; 651. fixed ring plate; 652. movable plate; 653. mounting groove; 654. connecting groove; 655. elastic sealing strip; 656. dovetail tenon; 657. dovetail groove; 658. magnetic baffle; 66. needle roller guide; 6 7. Micro hydraulic cylinder; 68. Magnetic coupler; 69. Dovetail groove; 70. Electrode pin; 71. Piezoelectric ceramic sheet; 7. Internal distance column; 8. External distance column; 9. Groove; 10. Viscosity sensor; 11. Pressure differential sensor; 12. Eddy current unit; 121. Pits; 122. Protrusions; 123. Micro ultrasonic transducer; 13. Inclined guide plate; 14. Memory alloy hinge; 15. Permanent magnet strip; 16. Main cooling channel; 17. Branch channel; 18. Outlet manifold. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The following is combined with Figure 1-12 This application is described in further detail.

[0042] The present application embodiment discloses a spiral plate heat exchanger in the surfactant production process. Figure 1-12 , including an outer spiral channel 1 and an inner spiral channel 2 nested in the outer spiral channel 1, the spiral direction of the outer spiral channel 1 is opposite to the spiral direction of the inner spiral channel 2; the inner spiral channel 2 is rolled by two parallel inner spiral plates 3, the channel spacing of the outer spiral channel 1 is greater than the channel spacing of the inner spiral channel 2, and it is rolled by two parallel outer spiral plates 4; a partition plate 5 is provided between the outer spiral channel 1 and the inner spiral channel 2, and a distance adjustment component 6 is provided on the partition plate 5, and the distance adjustment component 6 is used to adjust the channel spacing of the outer spiral channel 1.

[0043] In this embodiment, an outer spiral channel 1 is added outside the inner spiral channel 2 to form a nested structure of a large spiral channel + a small spiral channel, wherein a fluid with high viscosity or easy scaling (such as a surfactant melt) enters the outer spiral channel 1, and the wide flow channel is used to reduce the pressure drop, and a cooling or heating fluid (such as water / steam) enters the inner spiral channel 2, and the narrow flow channel maintains a high flow rate to enhance turbulence. In addition, the high-speed flow in the inner spiral channel 2 continuously flushes the partition 5 to form "passive self-cleaning", and the wide spacing of the outer spiral channel 1 reduces the retention of large particles; furthermore, the channel spacing of the outer spiral channel 1 can be adjusted by using the spacing adjustment component 6 to adapt to fluids of different viscosities.

[0044] Specifically, because the outer and inner spiral channels 1 and 2 spiral in opposite directions, the two fluids form countercurrent or crosscurrent flows within the channels. This results in a greater temperature differential in heat transfer compared to cocurrent heat exchange, improving heat transfer efficiency by approximately 30%-50%. For example, the hot and cold fluids spiral in opposite directions within the spiral channels, fully utilizing the temperature differential to achieve heat exchange. This is suitable for efficient heat exchange between high-temperature reaction liquids and cooling media in surfactant production. Furthermore, the smaller spacing of the inner spiral channel 2 allows for higher fluid velocity, fostering turbulent flow and reducing boundary layer thermal resistance. The larger but adjustable spacing of the outer spiral channel 1 allows for flow rate optimization via the pitch adjustment component 6. This combination improves the heat transfer coefficient within the channel by over 20%, making it particularly suitable for heat transfer of high-viscosity surfactant solutions. Furthermore, the inner and outer spiral channels function as independent flow paths, allowing for simultaneous processing of two different fluids (e.g., reaction liquid and heating medium, or finished product and cooling water). The differentiated channel spacing (outer channel spacing is larger than inner channel spacing) accommodates varying flow requirements. For example, the outer channel can accommodate high-flow fluids, while the inner channel handles lower-flow fluids requiring efficient heat exchange.

[0045] Specifically, the spacing component 6 on the partition 5 can dynamically adjust the spacing of the outer spiral channel 1 to adapt to different working conditions: when processing high-viscosity or particle-containing surfactant raw materials, the spacing is increased to reduce flow resistance and avoid blockage; or when heat transfer needs to be enhanced, the spacing is reduced to increase flow rate and turbulence; this design enables the equipment to adapt to multi-stage processes in surfactant production (such as polymerization, distillation, cooling, etc.), reducing equipment replacement costs; in addition, the spacing component 6 can fine-tune the channel spacing during operation, and flush the channel wall by changing the flow rate to further inhibit scaling; if slight scaling occurs, it can be cleaned online by increasing the spacing and increasing the flow rate without stopping the machine for disassembly, thereby improving production continuity.

[0046] In some embodiments, a plurality of inner distance columns 7 supporting the inner spiral plate 3 are provided between the channel spacing of the inner spiral channel 2, and each inner distance column 7 is evenly distributed along the axial direction of the inner spiral channel 2. A plurality of outer distance columns 8 supporting the outer spiral plate 4 are provided between the channel spacing of the outer spiral channel 1, and each outer distance column 8 is evenly distributed along the axial direction of the outer spiral channel 1. The cross-sectional diameter of the outer distance column 8 is larger than the cross-sectional diameter of the inner distance column 7, and the outer walls of the outer distance columns 8 and the inner distance columns 7 are both formed with spiral grooves 9 along their axial directions, the spiral direction of the grooves 9 on the outer distance columns 8 is consistent with the spiral direction of the outer spiral channel 1, and the spiral direction of the grooves 9 on the inner distance columns 7 is consistent with the spiral direction of the inner spiral channel 2, and piezoelectric vibrators are embedded in the inner distance columns 7 and the outer distance columns 8.

[0047] In this embodiment, the inner and outer spiral plates are supported respectively by the inner and outer distance columns 7 and 8 to ensure the constant spacing of the spiral channels, prevent the spiral plates from deforming under fluid pressure, and maintain the structural strength of the heat exchanger; the spiral directions of the grooves 9 on the inner and outer distance columns are consistent with the spiral directions of the corresponding inner and outer spiral channels, respectively. When the fluid flows along the grooves 9, periodic disturbances will be generated, forming a spiral turbulent trajectory, which prolongs the residence time of the fluid in the channel and increases the heat exchange area (the grooves 9 are equivalent to expanding the heat transfer surface), thereby improving the heat transfer coefficient.

[0048] Specifically, the cross-sectional diameter of the outer distance column 8 is larger than that of the inner distance column 7, which adapts to the larger spacing requirement of the outer spiral channel 1, enhances the support stiffness for the larger channel, and avoids the decrease in structural stability caused by the larger spacing; the staggered arrangement of the inner and outer distance columns causes the flow channel geometry to change periodically when the fluid passes through the inner and outer channels, forcing the fluid to produce more complex vortices and disturbances, further enhancing the turbulence intensity; compared with the parallel setting, the staggered layout can enable the fluid to obtain a higher Reynolds number at the same flow rate; at the same time, the staggered arrangement of the inner and outer distance columns forms a spatial mesh support structure, which is like a "truss effect", which can disperse the radial and axial pressures borne by the spiral plate and reduce local stress concentration, and is particularly suitable for stable operation of heat exchangers under high-pressure conditions; in addition, the piezoelectric vibrator embedded in the distance column can generate high-frequency vibration. On the one hand, it strengthens the fluid disturbance through vibration, and on the other hand, it can prevent impurities in the fluid from depositing on the surface of the spiral plate, reduce scaling, and maintain long-term heat transfer efficiency. In some embodiments, the distance adjustment component 6 includes a plurality of slide grooves 61 provided at the end surface of the partition 5 and spaced along its circumference, an adjustment block 62 provided in the slide groove 61, a magnetic rod 63 connected to one end surface of the adjustment block 62, two wedge-shaped inclined surfaces 64 provided on the other end surface of the adjustment block 62, an adjustable wall plate 65 provided on one side of the outer spiral channel 1, a plurality of needle roller guides 66 provided on the adjustable wall plate 65, a plurality of micro hydraulic cylinders 67 provided on the outer wall of the outer spiral channel 1, and a magnetic coupler 68 connected to the piston rod of the micro hydraulic cylinder 67, each magnetic coupler 68 is provided in a one-to-one correspondence with each magnetic rod 63, and the magnetic coupler 68 is connected to the corresponding magnetic rod 6 3 have the same polarity, the axial direction of the piston rod in the micro hydraulic cylinder 67 is parallel to the radial direction of the outer spiral channel 1, and is parallel to the axial direction of the magnetic rod 63 and the tangent of the outer spiral channel 1; the adjustable wall plate 65 is arranged opposite to the opening side of the slide groove 61, and the magnetic rod 63 is arranged on the side of the adjustment block 62 away from the adjustable wall plate 65, and penetrates the partition 5 along the axial direction, and the two wedge-shaped inclined surfaces 64 are respectively located at the two edge positions of the end face of the adjustment block 62 along the tangential direction; the wedge-shaped inclined surface 64 is arc-shaped and meshes with the needle guide 66, and the normal direction of the wedge-shaped inclined surface 64 is parallel to the radial direction of the outer spiral channel 1, and the end of the adjustable wall plate 65 is connected to the outer plate of the outer spiral channel 1.

[0049] In this embodiment, the magnetic coupler 68 is adjusted by the micro hydraulic cylinder 67, and the magnetic rod 63 is pushed to drive the adjustment block 62 to slide according to the principle of like charges repelling each other. The engagement of the wedge-shaped inclined surface 64 and the needle guide 66 can convert the radial hydraulic thrust into radial displacement, and accurately adjust the spacing of the outer spiral channel 1; when the viscosity of the medium increases or scaling causes the pressure difference to increase, the system automatically expands the channel spacing to reduce the flow resistance; conversely, the spacing is reduced to enhance heat transfer and achieve energy efficiency optimization under all working conditions.

[0050] Specifically, 6-8 groups of micro hydraulic cylinders 67 (corrosion-resistant Hastelloy cylinder bodies) are evenly distributed on the outer circumference of the outer spiral plate 4, and the piston rod penetrates the outer shell through the magnetic coupler 68 to drive the adjustment block 62 in a non-contact manner; when working, the external controller controls the piston rod of the micro hydraulic cylinder 67 to extend and retract radially according to the feedback signals of the viscosity sensor 10 and the pressure difference sensor 11; the magnetic coupler 68 at the end of the hydraulic cylinder piston rod has the same polarity as the magnetic rod 63, and uses the principle of like poles repelling each other. When the hydraulic cylinder pushes the magnetic coupler 68 close to the magnetic rod 63, the repulsive force pushes the magnetic rod 63 to move tangentially along the slide groove 61, and the magnetic rod 63 drives the adjustment block 62 to slide in the slide groove 61, and the wedge-shaped inclined surfaces on both sides of the adjustment block 62 64 is arc-shaped and meshes with the needle roller guide 66. The normal direction of the wedge-shaped inclined surface 64 is parallel to the radial direction of the outer spiral channel 1, and the cross-section is inverted trapezoidal, forming a double-bevel convergence structure. The two inverted trapezoidal surfaces can mesh with the two needle roller surfaces of the needle roller guide 66. When the adjustment block 62 moves tangentially along the slide groove 61, the wedge-shaped inclined surface 64 pushes the needle roller guide 66 to move radially, thereby increasing the channel spacing of the outer spiral channel 1; conversely, when the hydraulic cylinder retracts, the distance between the magnetic coupler 68 and the magnetic rod 63 increases, the repulsive force decreases, and the adjustment block 62 moves in the reverse direction under the action of the fluid pressure or the reset mechanism, and the wedge-shaped inclined surface 64 pushes the needle roller guide 66 to move in the reverse direction, thereby reducing the channel spacing of the outer spiral channel 1.

[0051] Specifically, the partition 5 adopts a three-layer composite plate design, which is arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside (the inside refers to the direction of the center of the circle) along the radial direction of the spiral channel as a base layer, a sandwich layer and a functional layer. Among them, the base layer is made of stainless steel, the sandwich layer is made of laser-engraved titanium alloy honeycomb core, and the functional layer is coated with silicon carbide ceramic. Phase change material is poured into the honeycomb, which absorbs heat and melts when locally overheated to avoid thermal deformation.

[0052] In some embodiments, the adjustable wall panel 65 includes a fixed ring plate 651 and a plurality of movable plates 652 elastically connected to the inner wall of the fixed ring plate 651. The side of the movable plate 652 close to the fixed ring plate 651 is connected to the outer plate of the outer spiral channel 1. Each movable plate 652 is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with each slide groove 61, and a mounting groove 653 is provided in the movable plate 652 along its radial direction. The opening of the mounting groove 653 extends to the end surface of the movable plate 652 close to the outer spiral channel 1. The needle guide 66 is provided in the mounting groove 653. Each movable plate 652 is connected end to end to form a spiral curved ring. A plurality of connecting grooves 654 are provided on the inner wall of the fixed ring plate 651. An elastic sealing belt 655 is provided in the connecting groove 654. The side of the elastic sealing belt 655 facing away from the fixed ring plate 651 is connected to the movable plate 652.

[0053] In this embodiment, the needle roller guide 66 is embedded in the mounting groove 653 of the movable plate 652. The movable plate 652 is connected to the fixed ring plate 651 via an elastic sealing band 655 (Hastelloy corrugated band), and the two are connected end to end to form a spiral curved ring. The radially moving needle roller guide 66 pushes the movable plate 652 to expand outward or inward, thereby changing the channel spacing of the outer spiral channel 1. For example, when the movable plate 652 expands outward, the outer channel spacing increases, and the fluid flow cross-sectional area increases, which is suitable for high-viscosity fluids; conversely, the spacing decreases, increasing the flow rate to enhance heat transfer.

[0054] Specifically, the movable plates 652 are connected end to end to form a spiral curved ring. The dovetail structure allows each plate to rotate slightly in the circumferential and radial directions, which can not only maintain the smooth streamline of the spiral channel, but also deform synchronously under the drive of the pitch adjustment component 6, thereby ensuring the continuity of the overall structure when the channel spacing is adjusted (such as avoiding the occurrence of fluid dead corners or turbulent areas); and it is highly detachable, which makes it easy to remove a movable plate 652 separately during equipment maintenance, without the need to disassemble the pitch adjustment component 6 as a whole, thereby reducing maintenance costs.

[0055] Specifically, the fixed ring plate 651 is welded to the outer shell of the heat exchanger and together with the movable plate 652 forms a flow channel with an adjustable gap; and each movable wall plate corresponds to a hydraulic actuator unit, covering a 60° sector area (a total of 6 pieces are assembled to form a complete circumference); wherein, the edge of the movable wall plate and the fixed ring plate 651 are connected by a pre-tensioned Hastelloy corrugated strip; the two ends of the movable plate 652 (in the Z-axis direction) are connected to the outermost side of the outer spiral channel 1 through intermittent laser welds to limit axial displacement (in the Z-axis direction), but an elastic deformation zone is retained between the welds.

[0056] In some embodiments, one side wall of each movable plate 652 is provided with a dovetail tenon 656, and the other side wall is provided with a dovetail groove 657. The dovetail tenon 656 of the movable plate 652 cooperates with the dovetail groove 657 of the adjacent movable plate 652; a magnetic baffle 658 is provided in the mounting groove 653 of each movable plate 652, and the needle guide 66 is fixed to the magnetic baffle 658 by corresponding attraction.

[0057] In this embodiment, the movable plate 652 is connected to the fixed ring plate 651 through an elastic sealing belt 655 (Hastelloy corrugated belt), and the ends are spliced ​​with a dovetail structure, which can not only flexibly deform with the spacing adjustment, but also maintain the channel sealing, thereby avoiding the risk of leakage caused by mechanical deformation.

[0058] Specifically, the cooperation between the dovetail tenon 656 and the dovetail groove 657 forms a mechanical interlocking structure, which tightly connects the adjacent movable plates 652, effectively resisting radial or axial displacement caused by fluid pressure and avoiding channel deformation or leakage; the fitting clearance is small and the contact surface is dovetail-shaped (trapezoidal cross-section), combined with the elastic sealing band 655, a multi-layer sealing system can be formed, which is particularly suitable for high-pressure or corrosive media environments, reducing the risk of fluid leakage in the outer spiral channel 1; in addition, after the needle guide 66 is fixed by the magnetic baffle 658, it can roll smoothly in the mounting groove 653, and cooperate with the drive of the wedge-shaped inclined surface 64 and the magnetic coupler 68 to ensure that the adjustable wall panel 65 has low resistance and high movement accuracy when adjusting the channel spacing; and the magnetic fixation allows the guide rail to be adaptively fine-tuned within a small range, compensating for the position deviation caused by deformation or thermal expansion of the movable plate 652, and avoiding the jamming problem caused by rigid fixation.

[0059] In some embodiments, dovetail grooves 69 are provided on the two opposite inner walls of the slide groove 61, and the dovetail grooves 69 are gap-matched with the corresponding wedge-shaped inclined surfaces 64, and an electrode pin 70 is embedded in the bottom of the slide groove 61. A piezoelectric ceramic piece 71 is provided on the side of the adjustment block 62 opposite to the bottom of the slide groove 61, and the piezoelectric ceramic piece 71 is locked with the electrode pin 70 when power is turned on.

[0060] In this embodiment, a double dovetail groove 69 is provided in the slide 61 to match the wedge-shaped inclined surface 64 of the adjustment block 62 to prevent the adjustment block 62 from drifting due to fluid impact, thereby affecting the channel accuracy. In addition, a piezoelectric ceramic piece 71 is provided at the bottom of the adjustment block 62. When the target spacing is adjusted, the electrode pin 70 is energized to cause the piezoelectric ceramic piece 71 to deform, tightly fitting with the bottom of the slide 61, forming a rigid lock to prevent spacing fluctuations caused by fluid pressure.

[0061] In some embodiments, a viscosity sensor 10 and a pressure difference sensor 11 are provided at the inlet and outlet of the outer spiral channel 1. The viscosity sensor 10, the pressure difference sensor 11, the magnetic coupler 68, and the piezoelectric ceramic piece 71 are all connected to an external controller.

[0062] In this embodiment, a viscosity sensor 10 and a differential pressure sensor 11 are used to monitor the fluid state in real time, detecting fluid viscosity and differential pressure. Upon detecting an increase in fluid viscosity (e.g., when a nonionic surfactant cools) or an increase in differential pressure (indicating scaling), the controller changes the direction or intensity of the current flowing through the magnetic coupler 68 to adjust the repulsive force between it and the magnetic rod 63 (due to their identical polarity). This repulsive force propels the adjustment block 62 within the chute. The engagement of the wedge-shaped slope 64 with the needle guide 66 drives the radial displacement of the movable plate of the adjustable wall, thereby dynamically adjusting the spacing of the outer spiral channel 1 (e.g., as the spacing increases, the fluid flow cross-sectional area increases and the differential pressure decreases). When the adjustment block 62 reaches the target position, the controller energizes the piezoelectric ceramic plate 71, causing it to deform and lock with the electrode pin 70 at the bottom of the chute 61, preventing displacement of the adjustment block 62 due to fluid pressure fluctuations. Furthermore, the piezoelectric ceramic plate 71 enables micron-level precision fine-tuning to compensate for temperature changes or structural relaxation during long-term operation.

[0063] In some embodiments, a plurality of vortex units 12 are provided at intervals along the spiral streamline direction on the contact side of the inner spiral channel 2 with the cooling medium. Each group of vortex units 12 includes two rows of staggered pits 121 and protrusions 122 arranged behind each row of pits 121. The pits 121 are hemispherical, the cross-section of the protrusions 122 is triangular, and the protruding directions of the two protrusions 122 of each group of vortex units 12 are opposite, and a miniature ultrasonic transducer 123 is provided in at least two spaced-apart pits 121 in each group of vortex units 12.

[0064] In this embodiment, staggered hemispherical pits 121 and triangular protrusions 122 are formed on the wall of the inner spiral channel 2. When the fluid flows through, strong vortices are formed, which destroy the boundary layer and increase the heat transfer coefficient to more than 20%. The pits 121 are designed to act as "micro traps", temporarily capturing tiny particles, which are washed away by the subsequent fluid when the flow rate changes (such as when the gap adjustment system is triggered). In addition, the miniature ultrasonic transducer 123 embedded in the pits 121 can generate high-frequency vibrations, further breaking up fluid clumps and enhancing micro-mixing, which is particularly suitable for heat transfer of high-viscosity media. In addition, the vortex units 12 of the inner spiral channel 2 are staggered with the fixed-distance columns to form multi-scale vortices in the fluid, thereby enhancing heat exchange between cold and hot fluids.

[0065] In some embodiments, a plurality of inclined guide plates 13 are provided near the inlet end of the outer spiral channel 1. The inclined guide plates 13 are fan-shaped, and their curvature matches the curvature of the outer spiral channel 1. The inclined guide plates 13 are divided into three groups, and the groups are arranged 120° along the circumference of the outer spiral channel 1. The inclined guide plates 13 in each group are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the outer spiral channel 1.

[0066] In this embodiment, three groups of inclined guide plates are arranged symmetrically at 120° along the circumference, which can evenly distribute the inlet fluid to different radial areas of the channel, prevent local flow velocities from being too high or too low, ensure a more uniform flow velocity distribution across the entire cross-section, and avoid the "biased flow" phenomenon; and the curvature of the fan-shaped inclined guide plates is consistent with that of the outer spiral channel 1, which can guide the fluid to smoothly enter the channel along the spiral trajectory, avoiding fluid segregation or impact loss at the inlet due to sudden changes in flow direction.

[0067] Specifically, the inclined guide plates in the same group are arranged at intervals along the axial direction. Every time the fluid passes through an inclined guide plate, the flow direction and flow velocity will be periodically disturbed, causing the boundary layer to separate and form eddies and turbulence. Under the turbulent state, the convective heat transfer coefficient between the fluid and the heat exchanger wall is significantly improved, which can reduce thermal resistance. It is especially suitable for high-viscosity media (such as surfactant solutions) and avoids low heat transfer efficiency caused by laminar flow. In addition, the inclined design of the inclined guide plate can guide the fluid to fill the inner side of the curvature of the spiral channel (the area where dead zones are easily formed), avoiding the stagnation of the fluid in the corners and reducing the adverse effects of "dead volume" on heat transfer. In some embodiments, a memory alloy hinge 14 is embedded at the connection between each inclined guide plate 13 and the outer spiral channel 1, and a permanent magnet strip 15 is provided at the trailing edge of each inclined guide plate 13, and the magnetic poles of two adjacent permanent magnet strips 15 are the same; a cooling main channel 16 is also provided at the trailing edge of each inclined guide plate 13, and the cooling main channel 16 is connected to multiple branch channels 17, each branch channel 17 covers 120° of the circumference of the outer spiral channel 1, and the outlet end of each branch channel 17 is connected to the outlet collecting chamber 18, and the outlet collecting chamber 18 is connected to the recovery vortex tube.

[0068] In this embodiment, a memory alloy hinge 14 is provided at the bottom of the inclined guide plate 13, which can deform as the fluid temperature changes and automatically adjust the inclination angle of the inclined guide plate. For example, when a high-temperature fluid flows through, the memory alloy is heated and elongated, thereby increasing the inclination angle of the inclined guide plate, enhancing the disturbance intensity of the fluid and improving the heat exchange efficiency; at low temperatures, the inclination angle decreases, reducing the flow resistance and reducing energy loss; this design does not require external drive and realizes real-time adjustment of the angle of the inclined guide plate through temperature feedback, which is particularly suitable for scenarios where the medium temperature fluctuates greatly in surfactant production, avoiding the attenuation of heat exchange efficiency or the surge in resistance caused by the fixed angle design.

[0069] Specifically, NdFeB permanent magnet strips 15 are implanted at the trailing edge of the inclined guide plate 13. Adjacent permanent magnet strips 15 with the same polarity repel each other. When the fluid flows through, the trailing edge of the inclined guide plate generates a slight vibration (the frequency is related to the flow velocity) due to the flow velocity fluctuation, further tearing the boundary layer and forming a high-frequency disturbance. Compared with a fixed inclined guide plate, the turbulence intensity can be increased by 30%. The above has a significant promoting effect on the laminar flow transition of high-viscosity media; in addition, the cooling main channel 16 maintains the working temperature of the memory alloy hinge 14 near the critical point of phase transformation by circulating coolant (such as water or thermal oil), preventing the shape memory effect from fading due to long-term high temperature (such as exceeding the austenite phase transformation temperature of the memory alloy), and ensuring the long-term stability of the hinge adjustment accuracy. The branch channel 17 covers 120° circumferentially. For example, the main channel is connected to 3 primary branch pipes, and these three primary branch pipes are evenly distributed along 120°. Each primary branch pipe is connected to 3 secondary branch pipes, and every three secondary branch pipes have a 40° spiral angle. Each secondary branch pipe is connected to 3 tertiary branch pipes, and the outlet end of each tertiary branch pipe is a nano-end, so that the cooling intensity of the cross section of the outer spiral channel 1 is evenly distributed, avoiding deformation of the inclined guide plate or material fatigue caused by local overheating. At the same time, the fluid can be pre-cooled / preheated, forming a synergistic relationship with the main heat exchange process; Specifically, the cooling fluid collected by the outlet manifold 18 carries heat into the vortex tube, and the vortex effect is used to separate the high-temperature fluid into two streams, cold and hot. The cold flow can be directly used for cooling system circulation, and the hot flow can be recycled to the production process (such as preheating raw material liquid). The energy recovery rate can reach 15%-20%, reducing the overall energy consumption of the system; the vortex tube does not require external power and can achieve hot and cold separation only by relying on fluid pressure, simplifying the system structure, especially suitable for explosion-proof or non-electrical occasions, and improving equipment reliability The working principle of a spiral plate heat exchanger in a surfactant production process in the present application is as follows: an outer spiral channel 1 is added outside the inner spiral channel 2 to form a nested structure of a large spiral channel + a small spiral channel, wherein a fluid with high viscosity or easy to scale (such as a surfactant melt) enters the outer spiral channel 1, and a wide flow channel is used to reduce the pressure drop, and a cooling or heating fluid (such as water / steam) enters the inner spiral channel 2, and the narrow flow is used to maintain a high flow rate and enhance turbulence; a viscosity sensor 10 and a pressure difference sensor 11 are set at the inlet and outlet of the outer spiral channel 1, which are used to monitor the fluid state and detect the fluid viscosity and pressure difference in real time. When it is detected that the fluid viscosity increases (such as when the non-ionic surfactant is cooled) or the pressure difference increases (indicating scaling), the piston rod of the micro hydraulic cylinder 67 is controlled to extend and retract radially; the magnetic coupler 68 at the end of the hydraulic cylinder piston rod is connected to the magnetic rod 6 3 have the same polarity, and using the principle of like poles repelling each other, when the hydraulic cylinder pushes the magnetic coupler 68 close to the magnetic rod 63, the repulsive force pushes the magnetic rod 63 to move tangentially along the slide groove 61, and the magnetic rod 63 drives the adjustment block 62 to slide in the slide groove 61. The wedge-shaped inclined surfaces 64 on both sides of the adjustment block 62 are arc-shaped and mesh with the needle roller guide rail 66. The normal direction of the wedge-shaped inclined surface 64 is parallel to the radial direction of the outer spiral channel 1. Therefore, when the adjustment block 62 moves tangentially along the slide groove 61, the wedge-shaped inclined surface 64 pushes the needle roller guide rail 66 to move radially, thereby increasing the channel spacing of the outer spiral channel 1; three groups of inclined guide plates 13 symmetrically arranged at 120° along the circumferential direction are set near the inlet end of the outer spiral channel 1, which can evenly distribute the inlet fluid to different radial areas of the channel, prevent local flow velocity from being too high or too low, ensure that the flow velocity distribution of the entire cross section is more uniform, and avoid "biased flow". Phenomenon; a memory alloy hinge 14 is set at the bottom of the inclined guide plate 13, which can deform with the change of fluid temperature and automatically adjust the inclination angle of the inclined guide plate. For example, when high-temperature fluid flows through, the memory alloy is heated and elongated, which increases the inclination angle of the inclined guide plate 13, enhances the disturbance intensity of the fluid, and improves the heat exchange efficiency; the main cooling channel 16 maintains the working temperature of the memory alloy hinge 14 near the critical point of phase change through circulating coolant (such as water or thermal oil), thereby preventing the shape memory effect from fading due to long-term high temperature (such as exceeding the austenite phase transition temperature of the memory alloy).

[0070] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A spiral plate heat exchanger for use in a surfactant production process, characterized in that: The invention comprises an outer spiral channel (1) and an inner spiral channel (2) nested in the outer spiral channel (1), wherein the spiral direction of the outer spiral channel (1) is opposite to the spiral direction of the inner spiral channel (2); the inner spiral channel (2) is formed by rolling two parallel inner spiral plates (3); the channel spacing of the outer spiral channel (1) is greater than the channel spacing of the inner spiral channel (2), and the inner spiral channel (2) is formed by rolling two parallel outer spiral plates (4); a partition (5) is provided between the outer spiral channel (1) and the inner spiral channel (2), and a distance adjustment component (6) is provided on the partition (5), and the distance adjustment component (6) is used to adjust the channel spacing of the outer spiral channel (1).

2. The spiral plate heat exchanger for use in a surfactant production process according to claim 1, wherein: A plurality of inner distance columns (7) supporting the inner spiral plate (3) are provided between the channel spacings of the inner spiral channel (2), and each of the inner distance columns (7) is evenly distributed along the axial direction of the inner spiral channel (2). A plurality of outer distance columns (8) supporting the outer spiral plate (4) are provided between the channel spacings of the outer spiral channel (1), and each of the outer distance columns (8) is evenly distributed along the axial direction of the outer spiral channel (1). The cross-sectional diameter of the outer distance columns (8) is larger than the cross-sectional diameter of the inner distance columns (7), and the outer walls of the outer distance columns (8) and the inner distance columns (7) are both formed with spiral grooves (9) along their axial directions. The spiral direction of the grooves (9) on the outer distance columns (8) is consistent with the spiral direction of the outer spiral channel (1), and the spiral direction of the grooves (9) on the inner distance columns (7) is consistent with the spiral direction of the inner spiral channel (2), and piezoelectric vibrators are embedded in the inner distance columns (7) and the outer distance columns (8).

3. The spiral plate heat exchanger for use in a surfactant production process according to claim 2, wherein: The distance adjustment component (6) includes a plurality of slide grooves (61) provided at the end surface of the partition (5) and spaced along the circumference thereof, an adjustment block (62) provided in the slide groove (61), a magnetic rod (63) connected to one end surface of the adjustment block (62), two wedge-shaped inclined surfaces (64) provided on the other end surface of the adjustment block (62), an adjustable wall plate (65) provided on one side of the outer spiral channel, a plurality of needle guide rails (66) provided on the adjustable wall plate (65), a plurality of micro hydraulic cylinders (67) provided on the outer wall of the outer spiral channel (1), and a magnetic coupler (68) connected to the piston rod of the micro hydraulic cylinder (67), each of the magnetic couplers (68) and each of the magnetic rods (63) is provided in a one-to-one correspondence, and the polarity of the magnetic coupler (68) and the corresponding magnetic rod (63) is the same. The axial direction of the piston rod in the micro hydraulic cylinder (67) is parallel to the radial direction of the outer spiral channel (1), and is parallel to the axial direction of the magnetic rod (63) and the tangent of the outer spiral channel (1); the adjustable wall plate (65) is arranged opposite to the opening side of the slide groove (61) on the left and right, and the magnetic rod (63) is arranged on the side of the adjustment block (62) away from the adjustable wall plate (65) and axially penetrates the partition (5), and the two wedge-shaped inclined surfaces (64) are respectively located at two edge positions of the end face of the adjustment block (62) along the tangential direction; the wedge-shaped inclined surface (64) is arc-shaped and meshes with the needle guide rail (66), and the normal direction of the wedge-shaped inclined surface (64) is parallel to the radial direction of the outer spiral channel (1), and the end of the adjustable wall plate (65) is connected to the outer plate of the outer spiral channel (1).

4. The spiral plate heat exchanger for use in a surfactant production process according to claim 3, wherein: The adjustable wall plate (65) includes a fixed ring plate (651) and a plurality of movable plates (652) elastically connected to the inner wall of the fixed ring plate (651), the movable plate (652) is connected to the outer plate of the outer spiral channel (1) on one side close to the fixed ring plate (651), each movable plate (652) is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with each slide groove (61), and a mounting groove (653) is provided in the movable plate (652) along its radial direction, and the opening of the mounting groove (653) extends to the outer wall of the outer spiral channel (1). The needle guide rail (66) is arranged in the mounting groove (653) on the end face of one side of the movable plate (652) close to the outer spiral channel (1), and each movable plate (652) is connected end to end to form a spiral curved surface ring. A plurality of connecting grooves (654) are provided on the inner wall of the fixed ring plate (651), and an elastic sealing belt (655) is provided in the connecting groove (654). The elastic sealing belt (655) is connected to the movable plate (652) on the side facing away from the fixed ring plate (651).

5. The spiral plate heat exchanger for use in a surfactant production process according to claim 4, characterized in that: A dovetail tenon (656) is provided on one side wall of each movable plate (652), and a dovetail groove (657) is provided on the other side wall. The dovetail tenon (656) of the movable plate (652) cooperates with the dovetail groove (657) of the adjacent movable plate (652). A magnetic baffle (658) is provided in the mounting groove (653) of each movable plate (652), and the needle guide rail (66) is fixed to the magnetic baffle (658) by corresponding attraction.

6. The spiral plate heat exchanger for use in a surfactant production process according to claim 5, characterized in that: Dovetail grooves (69) are provided on two opposite inner walls of the slide groove (61), and the dovetail grooves (69) are clearance-matched with the corresponding wedge-shaped inclined surfaces (64), and an electrode pin (70) is embedded in the bottom of the slide groove (61). A piezoelectric ceramic piece (71) is provided on the side of the adjustment block (62) opposite to the bottom of the slide groove (61), and the piezoelectric ceramic piece (71) is locked with the electrode pin (70) when power is turned on.

7. The spiral plate heat exchanger for use in a surfactant production process according to claim 6, wherein: The inlet and outlet of the outer spiral channel (1) are both provided with a viscosity sensor (10) and a pressure difference sensor (11), and the viscosity sensor (10), the pressure difference sensor (11), the magnetic coupler, and the piezoelectric ceramic piece (71) are all connected to an external controller.

8. The spiral plate heat exchanger for use in a surfactant production process according to claim 7, wherein: The inner spiral channel (2) is provided with a plurality of vortex units (12) at intervals along the spiral streamline direction on the side in contact with the cooling medium. Each group of vortex units (12) comprises two rows of staggered recesses (121) and protrusions (122) arranged behind each row of recesses (121). The recesses (121) are arranged in a hemispherical shape, and the cross-section of the protrusions (122) is triangular. The protrusions (122) of each group of vortex units (12) protrude in opposite directions. Miniature ultrasonic transducers (123) are provided in at least two of the recesses (121) arranged at intervals in each group of vortex units (12).

9. The spiral plate heat exchanger for use in a surfactant production process according to claim 8, characterized in that: A plurality of inclined guide plates (13) are provided near the inlet end of the outer spiral channel (1), wherein the inclined guide plates (13) are fan-shaped and their curvature matches the curvature of the outer spiral channel (1). The inclined guide plates (13) are divided into three groups, and the groups are arranged at 120° along the circumference of the outer spiral channel (1). The inclined guide plates (13) in each group are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the outer spiral channel (1).

10. The spiral plate heat exchanger for use in a surfactant production process according to claim 9, characterized in that: A memory alloy hinge (14) is embedded at the connection between each inclined guide plate (13) and the outer spiral channel (1), and a permanent magnet strip (15) is provided at the rear edge of each inclined guide plate (13), and the magnetic poles of two adjacent permanent magnet strips (15) are the same; a cooling main channel (16) is also provided at the rear edge of each inclined guide plate (13), and the cooling main channel (16) is connected to a plurality of branch channels (17), and each branch channel (17) covers 120 degrees of the circumference of the outer spiral channel (1), and the outlet end of each branch channel (17) is connected to an outlet manifold (18), and the outlet manifold (18) is connected to a recovery vortex tube.

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