Water quality detection device for extremely cold environment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of water quality detection, and discloses an extremely cold environment water quality detection device, which comprises an ice surface collection vehicle and an under-ice sampler, the ice surface collecting vehicle is used for collecting accumulated snow and icicles on the ice surface; the under-ice sampler is used for sampling under-ice liquid water; a main body of the under-ice sampler is of a floating body structure and can float up to the bottom of an ice surface underwater, and a back-flushing wing is arranged at the front end of the under-ice sampler and used for providing forward movement impact force by means of water flow; a permanent magnet is installed in the under-ice sampler, a magnetic track is installed in an ice layer, or a magnetic block is installed at the bottom of the ice surface collecting vehicle, if the thickness of the ice layer is small, the ice surface collecting vehicle is adopted for navigation, and if the thickness of the ice layer is large in previous years, the magnetic track is preset underwater. According to the conception of the invention, the ice surface collecting vehicle and the under-ice sampler are arranged for cooperative work, the under-ice sampler is not provided with a driving system, the under-ice water flow impact force is used for providing initial power, and the ice surface collecting vehicle or a preset magnetic track is used for providing guidance and controlling the path of the under-ice sampler, so that fixed-point sampling is completed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water quality detection, and in particular to a water quality detection device for an extremely cold environment. Background Art

[0002] Water quality testing is one of the most important means of reporting environmental water pollution. Conventional water quality testing usually involves direct sampling and testing in a laboratory or on-site using sensors.

[0003] There are several obstacles to testing in extremely cold environments:

[0004] 1. In extremely cold environments, the temperature can drop to below -40°C, and there is ice on lakes and rivers. Generally, sensor circuit systems are affected by low temperatures, making it difficult to deploy sensors on site.

[0005] 2. Sampling is difficult due to ice obstruction, especially stratified sampling. Drills are usually used to drill holes in the ice and then pipe samples deep into the holes. However, drilling through the ice can cause ice to fall into the water, causing water turbulence and mixing of water from different depths. The water samples, mixed with ice material, cannot accurately reflect the actual water quality. Furthermore, using this method for multi-point sampling is inefficient.

[0006] 3. Currently, underwater drones have been developed and can be modified for sampling. However, underwater robots have their own power systems, which can cause mixing of water layers during operation. Furthermore, underwater robots have complex structures and poor operational stability in low-temperature environments. Conventional underwater robots have been known to leak liquid, which can also affect water quality testing. Therefore, specialized designs for these environments are required, which increases costs. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a water quality detection device for an extremely cold environment, which solves the existing problems.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an extremely cold environment water quality detection device, comprising an ice surface collection vehicle and an under-ice sampler;

[0009] Ice harvesting vehicles are used to collect snow and icicles from the ice surface;

[0010] The sub-ice sampler is used for sampling sub-ice liquid water;

[0011] The main body of the sub-ice sampler is a floating structure that can float to the bottom of the ice surface underwater. The front end of the sub-ice sampler is provided with a recoil wing to provide forward momentum with the help of water flow.

[0012] A permanent magnet is installed in the sub-ice sampler, and a magnetic track is installed in the ice layer, or a magnetic block is installed on the bottom of the ice collection vehicle. The location is determined by the thickness of the ice layer in previous years. If the ice layer is thin, the ice collection vehicle is used for navigation. If the ice layer is thick in previous years, a magnetic track is preset on the bottom of the water during the non-frozen period. After the ice layer freezes, the magnetic track is fixed in the ice layer.

[0013] During the inspection, a hole is opened in the ice surface and the sub-ice sampler is dropped into the ice through the hole. When the sub-ice sampler moves forward under the action of the sub-ice water flow, the magnetic track or magnetic block provides direction navigation, so that the sub-ice sampler can sample the sub-ice water layer according to the planned path.

[0014] Preferably, the permanent magnet in the sub-ice sampler is a permanent magnet rotor, and a magnetic coupling driven by a motor is installed at the bottom of the ice collection vehicle, and the magnetic coupling is used to drive the permanent magnet to rotate;

[0015] A sampling cylinder extends from the bottom of the sub-ice sampler. The sampling cylinder includes an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder. The inner cylinder and the outer cylinder can rotate relative to each other, and the contact surface is rotationally sealed. A gap is provided on the outer wall of the outer cylinder for water inlet. A partition is installed in the inner cylinder. The partition divides the inner cylinder into several independent cavities. The inner cylinder is connected to a permanent magnet. After the permanent magnet drives the inner cylinder to rotate, each cavity takes turns to take water through the gap.

[0016] Preferably, the bottom of the permanent magnet is connected to an extension shaft, and the extension shaft is connected to the inner cylinder by a magnetic coupler. The magnetic coupler includes an inner magnetic ring connected to the extension shaft and an outer magnetic ring sleeved outside the inner magnetic ring. A magnetic flux regulator is embedded between the outer magnetic ring and the inner magnetic ring.

[0017] Preferably, the recoil wing includes a hollow water guide tube and a wing plate installed outside the water guide tube. Two wing plates are installed symmetrically on the left and right sides of a single water guide tube, and a total of two water guide tubes installed in parallel are provided.

[0018] Preferably, one side of the wing plate is connected to a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod, wherein one end of the first connecting rod is hinged to the outer wall of the water guide cylinder;

[0019] An axially mounted guide rail is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the water guide cylinder, a push rod and a guide rod are slidably connected in the guide rail, the push rod is connected to the rear end of the guide rod, the guide rod is a T-shaped structure, the axial section of the guide rod is slidably connected in the guide rail, and the radial section of the guide rod is a slide groove structure;

[0020] One end of the second connecting rod is hinged on the outer wall of the guide rail, a connecting arm is provided on the proximal side of the second connecting rod, the end of the connecting arm is hinged with a slider, and the slider is slidably connected in the sliding groove of the radial section of the guide rod.

[0021] Preferably, the push rods of the two recoil wings are both extended and connected with a drive rod, the drive rod is connected to the slide, one end of the slide is connected to a rack, the permanent magnet is connected to a gear, and the gear is meshed with the rack.

[0022] Preferably, the main body of the sub-ice sampler is a hollow spindle-shaped or butterfly-shaped structure, with a front-to-back through-design inside, and a partition is provided inside along the length direction to divide the middle of the interior into three parts;

[0023] The upper end surface of the sub-ice sampler is provided with a blade.

[0024] Preferably, the front end of the ice collecting vehicle is provided with a snow shovel, a snow melting chamber is opened in the snow shovel, and a suction pipe is connected to the rear end of the snow chamber;

[0025] A detector is provided on the upper part of the inner cavity of the ice collection vehicle, and the output end of the suction tube is connected to the detector.

[0026] Preferably, the detector is also provided with a receiving chamber for accommodating the sampling cylinder of the sub-ice sampler.

[0027] Preferably, two liftable bottom plates are provided at the bottom of the inner cavity of the ice collection vehicle, one of which is used to install the magnetic coupling and related driving parts, and the other is used to install the ice drill and related driving parts.

[0028] In summary, the present invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0029] The concept of this invention is to coordinate the ice sampling vehicle and the sub-ice sampler, not only for sampling and detection but also for driving. The sub-ice sampler does not have a drive system, but uses the momentum of the water flow beneath the ice to provide initial power. The ice sampling vehicle or a pre-set magnetic track provides guidance, controlling the sub-ice sampler's path to achieve targeted sampling. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the ice collection vehicle of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the sub-ice sampler of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the sub-ice sampler of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic coupler of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of the sampling tube of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the inner cylinder structure of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the ice drill structure of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] See also Figure 1-7 , an extremely cold environment water quality detection device, comprising an ice surface collection vehicle 1 and an under-ice sampler 2;

[0039] The ice collecting vehicle 1 is used to collect snow and icicles on the ice surface;

[0040] Sub-ice sampler 2 is used for sampling sub-ice liquid water;

[0041] The main body of the ice sampler 2 is a floating structure that can float to the bottom of the ice surface underwater. The front end of the ice sampler 2 is provided with a recoil wing 3 for providing forward momentum with the help of water flow.

[0042] A permanent magnet 21 is installed in the sub-ice sampler 2, and a magnetic track is installed in the ice layer, or a magnetic block is installed on the bottom of the ice collection vehicle 1. The thickness of the ice layer in the area to be measured is determined according to the thickness of the ice layer in previous years. If the ice layer thickness is small, the ice collection vehicle is used for navigation. If the ice layer thickness is large in previous years, a magnetic track is preset on the bottom of the water during the non-frozen period. After the ice layer freezes, the magnetic track is fixed in the ice layer.

[0043] At extremely cold temperatures, the magnetism of magnets is enhanced, so even if there is an ice layer blocking them, they can still interact with each other. In addition, high-performance rare earth magnets can be used, such as Ru-Fe-B, which has stronger magnetism at low temperatures. Of course, if the ice layer is too thick, such as more than 50 cm, the magnetic navigation of the ice collection vehicle 1 on the ice surface will be significantly affected. Therefore, a preset magnetic track can be used. Its essence is to use the upper magnetic pole to attract the permanent magnet 21 so that it moves along a predetermined path. In addition, if the preset magnetic track method is adopted, an electromagnetic track can be used to directly provide power to the sub-ice sampler through electromagnetic force. This solution can break through the limitation of water flow direction, that is, it does not rely on water flow to provide power, and can be used in environments with slow water flow or lakes.

[0044] If the thickness of the ice layer is small, the ice surface collection vehicle 1 can directly rely on magnetic attraction to move on the ice surface to drive the sub-ice sampler to move along a certain path.

[0045] During the inspection, a hole is opened on the ice surface and the sub-ice sampler 2 is dropped into the ice through the hole. When the sub-ice sampler 2 moves forward under the action of the sub-ice water flow, the magnetic track or magnetic block provides direction navigation, so that the sub-ice sampler 2 samples the sub-ice water layer according to the planned path.

[0046] This embodiment preferably uses water flow to provide power for travel. It has the following advantages: First, the speed is stable, and the magnetic rail and the ice collection vehicle 1 only provide guidance to avoid deviation. Therefore, the magnetic requirements are low. Second, it can adapt to the environment under the ice. If it is blocked under the ice by the magnetic rail drive or the active traction of the ice collection vehicle, it may get stuck. However, through the guidance of the water flow, it can adaptively avoid obstacles. It is worth mentioning here that in the water area where the water flow under the ice flows normally, the friction between the lower surface of the ice layer and the water flow is usually a smooth structure. If the water flow under the ice cannot flow horizontally, such as in a large lake, the water flow does not flow horizontally. Instead, it flows up and down under the action of the temperature difference. The lower surface of the ice layer is often uneven, which is not convenient for walking, so it is not convenient for the implementation of the sub-ice sampler 2 of this embodiment.

[0047] When using water flow drive, the problems of walking stability and sustainability need to be solved. Figure 2 、 Figure 3 as well as Figure 4 As shown, the recoil wing 3 includes a hollow water guide tube 38 and a wing plate 31 mounted on the outside of the water guide tube 38. Two wing plates 31 are mounted symmetrically on the left and right sides of a single water guide tube 38, for a total of two water guide tubes 38 mounted in parallel. A first connecting rod 32 and a second connecting rod 33 are connected to one side of the wing plate 31, with one end of the first connecting rod 32 hinged to the outer wall of the water guide tube 38.

[0048] An axially mounted guide rail 39 is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the water guide cylinder 38. A push rod 39 and a guide rod 34 are slidably connected in the guide rail 39. The push rod 39 is connected to the rear end of the guide rod 34. The guide rod 34 is a T-shaped structure. The axial section of the guide rod 34 is slidably connected in the guide rail 39, and the radial section of the guide rod 34 is a slide groove structure.

[0049] One end of the second connecting rod 33 is hinged on the outer wall of the guide rail 39 , and a connecting arm 35 is provided on the proximal side of the second connecting rod 33 . The end of the connecting arm 35 is hinged with a slider, which is slidably connected to the sliding groove of the radial section of the guide rod 34 .

[0050] Reference Figure 2 as well as Figure 4 Two sets of guide rails 39 are symmetrically parallel to each other on a single water guide cylinder 38. Two sets of the first connecting rod 32, the second connecting rod 33, the connecting arm 35, the guide rod 34, and the push rod 39 are all provided to maintain stable operation.

[0051] Specific reference Figure 4As shown, when the push rod 39 pushes the guide rod 34 upward, the wings 31 flip relative to each other and close together, forming a water impact surface and driving the entire unit forward. When the push rod 39 retracts, the wings 31 separate backward and converge on the outer wall of the water guide tube 38. Water flows through the water guide tube 38. Before the underwater sampler 3 is launched into the water, adjusting the degree of closure of the wings 31 can control its underwater propulsion speed. The specific adjustment can be made based on the actual water flow speed.

[0052] When the ice collecting vehicle reaches the preset position, a strong magnetic attraction point is set on the magnetic track to attract the ice collecting vehicle 1 by a strong magnetic force. Alternatively, the ice collecting vehicle 1 stops and is attracted by a magnetic force.

[0053] Having solved the driving problem of the underwater sampler 3, the next step is how to perform sampling.

[0054] This embodiment adopts two schemes in actual design. One is that no power is required. A sampling tube is designed and installed vertically at the lower part of the underwater sampler 3 body. A plurality of independent chambers are separated in the vertical direction in the tube, and a water inlet groove is provided on the upper outer wall of each chamber. Before the underwater sampler 3 is put into the water, a hydrolysis membrane, such as alginate, is pasted on the outside of the water inlet groove. After the underwater sampler 3 has been in the water for a period of time, the hydrolysis membrane dissolves and the water naturally enters the water inlet groove to realize layered sampling. The advantage of this scheme is that it does not require power and has a simple structure, but the water inlet is uncontrollable. It is impossible to accurately sample at a fixed position. In addition, this structure can only sample once and cannot sample at multiple points.

[0055] The second is to use power to start the underwater sampler 3 when it reaches the preset position to achieve controllable sampling. Figure 5 As shown, a sampling tube extends from the bottom of the sub-ice sampler 2, also extending vertically for stratified sampling. The sampling tube comprises an outer tube 5 and an inner tube 4. The inner tube 4 and the outer tube 5 are rotatable relative to each other, and the contact surfaces are rotationally sealed. A notch 51 is provided on the outer wall of the outer tube 5 for water inlet. A partition 41 is installed within the inner tube 4, dividing the inner tube 4 into several independent cavities. The partition 41 is wider than the notch 51 and, when rotated into place, seals it.

[0056] The permanent magnet 21 in the sub-ice sampler 2 is a permanent magnet rotor. A motor-driven magnetic coupling 142 is installed at the bottom of the ice sampling vehicle 1. This magnetic coupling 142 drives the permanent magnet 21 to rotate. The inner cylinder 4 is connected to the permanent magnet 21. As the permanent magnet 21 drives the inner cylinder 4 to rotate, each cavity takes turns sampling water through the gap 51, thus achieving raw water layer sampling.

[0057] The magnetic coupling 142 is a contactless drive coupling that mainly drives the magnetic rotor to rotate through the conductor rotor driven by the motor, thereby achieving contactless transmission from the ice surface to the lower surface of the ice layer.

[0058] It is worth noting that the magnetic coupling 142 is greatly affected by the air gap, and the driving function of the magnetic coupling 142 is different from the navigation function of guiding travel mentioned above. The navigation function only needs to provide a smaller magnetic force to avoid offset. The magnetic coupling 142 requires sufficient magnetic transmission torque. If the distance is too far, the torque will not be transmitted in place. It will cause the transmission to be impossible, or the torque is too low. Therefore, for ice thickness of more than ten centimeters, it can be overcome by increasing the magnetism. If it is more than twenty centimeters, it can be pre-drilled to a certain depth at the sampling position, and the magnetic coupling 142 can be pushed to this position for driving. The hole will not be drilled through, so it will not affect the sampling work. Reference Figure 7 As shown, the bottom of the inner chamber of the ice harvesting vehicle 1 is equipped with two liftable base plates 141, one of which is used to mount a magnetic coupling 142 and related drive components, and the other is used to mount an ice drill 143 and related drive components. The two base plates can operate independently to perform drilling or driving operations.

[0059] It is worth mentioning that the driving problem is solved by using the magnetic coupling 142, and the driving force can be used to drive and adjust the recoil wing 3. When sampling, it is folded together to reduce the driving effect of the water flow, so that the sampler 2 can be removed to maintain stable sampling. For specific solutions, please refer to Figure 2 The push rods 39 of the two recoil wings 3 are extended and connected to the drive rod 24, which is connected to the slide 23. One end of the slide 23 is connected to a rack, and the permanent magnet 21 is connected to a gear, which is engaged with the rack.

[0060] At this time, the drive ratio must be considered. The drive rack requires a certain stroke, and the recoil wing needs to be quickly retracted. The sampling tube only needs to rotate a certain angle for a normal sampling. The recoil wing needs to be quickly retracted before the sampling tube is sampled or in the early stage of sampling to avoid affecting the sampling process. Figure 5 As shown, the bottom of the permanent magnet 21 is connected to an extension shaft, and the extension shaft is connected to the inner cylinder 4 by a magnetic coupler. The magnetic coupler includes an inner magnetic ring 211 connected to the extension shaft and an outer magnetic ring 212 sleeved on the outside of the inner magnetic ring. A magnetic flux regulator 213 is embedded between the outer magnetic ring 212 and the inner magnetic ring 211. The principle of the magnetic coupler is similar to that of the magnetic coupling. The inner magnetic ring 211 and the outer magnetic ring 212 are both annular structures with a circle of permanent magnet blocks embedded in the circumference, and the magnetic flux regulator 213 is an annular structure with a circle of iron screws embedded in the circumference. It has a deceleration function, and the deceleration ratio is the ratio of the number of permanent magnet blocks in the inner and outer magnetic rings. This coupler is also called a magnetic deceleration gear. Through its deceleration effect, the permanent magnet 21 can quickly recover the recoil wing 3 and stabilize the sub-ice sampler 2 when the rotation starts. During this process, the sampling tube rotates slowly for sampling. Continue to refer to Figure 2As shown, the racks are designed with two sets on the left and right, and the gears are toothless. This synergizes with the rotation angle design of the sampling tube. The process works as follows: During the initial sampling phase, the permanent magnet 21 rotates, and the toothed portion of the gear rapidly pushes the right rack back, retracting the recoil wings 3. During this time, the permanent magnet 21 continues to rotate, and the inner cylinder 4 of the sampling tube slowly rotates a certain angle, moving the partition 41 away from the notch 51, connecting the internal cavity with the notch 51. Then, the next partition 41 is gradually rotated into the notch 51. During this process, the toothed portion of the toothless gear rotates to the left rack, driving the rack outward and deploying the recoil wings 3. This is where the transmission ratio design of the magnetic coupling comes into play. Since the movement of the partition 41 during the non-water-influent phase of the inner cylinder 4's rotation is used to deploy or retract the recoil wings 3. During the water-influent phase, the position of the gear teeth is switched between the left and right racks. In essence, the curvature of the partition multiplied by the designed transmission ratio is the rotation of the gear-driven rack, and the curvature of each cavity of the inner cylinder multiplied by the designed transmission ratio is the stroke of the gear drive tooth switching between the left and right racks.

[0061] In addition, to improve stability, refer to Figure 3 As shown, the main body of the sub-ice sampler 2 is a hollow, spindle-shaped or butterfly-shaped structure, with a through-hole design. Partitions are installed along the length of the interior, dividing the center into three sections. Special structures on either side guide the flow to prevent drift during operation. The main body is made of a low-density material, and a float can be added at the bottom. The sampling tube is also made of a low-density material.

[0062] The upper end surface of the sub-ice sampler 2 is provided with a blade 25, which can be pressed against the lower surface of the ice layer for guidance when moving, and when stopped, it can be pressed against the lower surface of the ice layer by buoyancy to maintain stability and avoid shaking.

[0063] Finally, refer to Figure 1 As shown, the front end of the ice harvesting vehicle 1 is provided with a snow shovel 12, a snow melting chamber is opened in the snow shovel 12, and the rear end of the snow chamber is connected to a suction pipe 11;

[0064] A detector 13 is provided on the upper part of the inner cavity of the ice surface collection vehicle 1, and the output end of the suction tube 11 is connected to the detector 13. A receiving bin 15 for accommodating the sampling tube of the sub-ice sampler 2 is also provided on the detector 13. After the sub-ice sampler 2 completes all sampling, it can drill through the ice layer at the last stop position, and it can be extracted by a robotic arm, and the sampling tube can be placed in the receiving bin 15. Considering that the sampling tube is relatively deep, the receiving bin 15 needs to be adaptively designed. In addition, when extracting water samples inside the sampling tube, the inner tube 4 can be separated. A valve is opened at the bottom or circumference of the inner tube 4 according to the height of the water layer, and the valve is opened for extraction.

[0065] Unmanned automatic testing allows for direct installation of detectors within the ice. Snow samples are taken from the upper surface of the ice layer using a snow shovel 12, ice samples are taken from the ice layer using an ice drill 143, and water samples are taken from the subglacial layer using an underwater sampler 2. All three media are tested simultaneously, and the data is combined to determine the water quality of the area.

[0066] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. Extremely cold environment water quality detection device, characterized by: It includes an ice surface sampling vehicle (1) and an under-ice sampler (2); Ice collecting vehicle (1) is used to collect snow and icicles from the ice surface; The subglacial sampler (2) is used for sampling subglacial liquid water; The main body of the sub-ice sampler (2) is a floating structure, which can float to the bottom of the ice surface underwater. The front end of the sub-ice sampler (2) is provided with a recoil wing (3) for providing an impulse for forward movement with the help of water flow; A permanent magnet (21) is installed in the sub-ice sampler (2), and a magnetic track is installed in the ice layer, or a magnetic block is installed at the bottom of the ice collection vehicle (1). The thickness of the ice layer in the area to be measured is determined according to the thickness of the ice layer in previous years. If the thickness of the ice layer is small, the ice collection vehicle is used for navigation. If the thickness of the ice layer in previous years is large, a magnetic track is preset on the bottom of the water during the non-freezing period. After the ice layer solidifies, the magnetic track is fixed in the ice layer. During the inspection, a hole is opened on the ice surface, and the sub-ice sampler (2) is put into the ice through the hole. When the sub-ice sampler (2) moves forward under the action of the sub-ice water flow, the magnetic track or magnetic block provides direction navigation, so that the sub-ice sampler (2) samples the sub-ice water layer according to the planned path.

2. The extremely cold environment water quality detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The permanent magnet (21) in the sub-ice sampler (2) is a permanent magnet rotor, and a magnetic coupling (142) driven by a motor is installed at the bottom of the ice surface collection vehicle (1), and the magnetic coupling (142) is used to drive the permanent magnet (21) to rotate; A sampling tube extends from the bottom of the sub-ice sampler (2), and the sampling tube includes an outer tube (5) and an inner tube (4). The inner tube (4) and the outer tube (5) can rotate relative to each other, and the contact surface is rotationally sealed. A notch (51) is provided on the outer wall of the outer tube (5) for water intake. A partition (41) is installed in the inner tube (4), and the partition (41) divides the inner tube (4) into a plurality of independent cavities. The inner tube (4) is connected to a permanent magnet (21). After the permanent magnet (21) drives the inner tube (4) to rotate, each cavity takes water in turn through the notch (51).

3. The extremely cold environment water quality detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom of the permanent magnet (21) is connected to an extension shaft, and the extension shaft and the inner cylinder (4) are connected by a magnetic coupler. The magnetic coupler includes an inner magnetic ring (211) connected to the extension shaft and an outer magnetic ring (212) sleeved outside the inner magnetic ring. A magnetic flux regulator (213) is embedded between the outer magnetic ring (212) and the inner magnetic ring (211).

4. The extremely cold environment water quality detection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The recoil wing (3) includes a hollow water guide cylinder (38) and a wing plate (31) installed outside the water guide cylinder (38). Two wing plates (31) are installed symmetrically on the left and right sides of a single water guide cylinder (38), and a total of two water guide cylinders (38) installed in parallel are provided.

5. The extremely cold environment water quality detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: One side of the wing plate (31) is connected to a first connecting rod (32) and a second connecting rod (33), wherein one end of the first connecting rod (32) is hinged to the outer wall of the water guide cylinder (38); A guide rail (39) installed in an axial direction is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the water guide cylinder (38), a push rod (39) and a guide rod (34) are slidably connected in the guide rail (39), the push rod (39) is connected to the rear end of the guide rod (34), the guide rod (34) is a T-shaped structure, the axial section of the guide rod (34) is slidably connected in the guide rail (39), and the radial section of the guide rod (34) is a slide groove structure; One end of the second connecting rod (33) is hinged on the outer wall of the guide rail (39), and a connecting arm (35) is provided on the proximal side of the second connecting rod (33). The end of the connecting arm (35) is hinged with a slider, and the slider is slidably connected to the slide groove of the radial section of the guide rod (34).

6. The extremely cold environment water quality detection device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The push rods (39) of the two recoil wings (3) are both extended and connected to a driving rod (24), and the driving rod (24) is connected to the slide (23). One end of the slide (23) is connected to a rack, and the permanent magnet (21) is connected to a gear, and the gear is meshed with the rack.

7. The extremely cold environment water quality detection device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The main body of the sub-ice sampler (2) is a hollow spindle-shaped or butterfly-shaped structure, with a front-to-back through-design inside, and a partition is provided along the length direction inside to divide the middle of the interior into three parts; The upper end surface of the sub-ice sampler (2) is provided with a blade (25).

8. The extremely cold environment water quality detection device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The front end of the ice collecting vehicle (1) is provided with a snow shovel (12), a snow melting chamber is provided in the snow shovel (12), and a suction pipe (11) is connected to the rear end of the snow chamber; A detector (13) is provided at the upper portion of the inner cavity of the ice surface collection vehicle (1), and the output end of the suction pipe (11) is connected to the detector (13).

9. The extremely cold environment water quality detection device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The detector (13) is also provided with a receiving chamber (15) for accommodating the sampling tube of the sub-ice sampler (2).

10. The extremely cold environment water quality detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Two liftable bottom plates (141) are provided at the bottom of the inner cavity of the ice collection vehicle (1), one of which is used to install a magnetic coupling (142) and related driving components, and the other is used to install an ice drill (143) and related driving components.

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