Water quality detection device in extremely cold environment

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of water quality detection, and discloses a water quality detection device in an extremely cold environment, which comprises an ice surface collecting vehicle and an under-ice sampler; the ice surface collecting vehicle is used for collecting snow and ice columns on the ice surface; the under-ice sampler is used for sampling liquid water under the ice; the main body of the under-ice sampler is a floating body structure and can float to the bottom of the ice surface under water; a backwash wing is arranged at the front end of the under-ice sampler and is used for providing a forward moving impact force by means of water flow; a permanent magnet is arranged in the under-ice sampler, a magnetic track is arranged in the ice layer, or a magnetic block is arranged at the bottom of the ice surface collecting vehicle; if the thickness of the ice layer is small, the ice surface collecting vehicle is used for navigation; and if the thickness of the ice layer is large, a preset magnetic track is arranged at the bottom of the water. The under-ice sampler cooperates with the ice surface collecting vehicle to work, the under-ice sampler is not provided with a driving system, the initial power is provided by the water flow under the ice, the ice surface collecting vehicle or the preset magnetic track is used for providing guidance, the path of the under-ice sampler is controlled, and the fixed-point sampling is completed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water quality testing technology, specifically to a water quality testing device for extremely cold environments. Background Technology

[0002] Water quality testing is one of the important means of reporting environmental water pollution. Routine environmental water quality testing usually involves direct sampling, with testing completed in a laboratory or on-site using sensors.

[0003] For testing in extremely cold environments, the following obstacles exist:

[0004] In extremely cold environments, where temperatures can drop to below -40°C, lakes and rivers are covered with ice. Sensor circuit systems are generally affected by low temperatures, making it difficult to deploy sensors on-site.

[0005] Sampling is difficult due to the obstruction of ice, especially stratified sampling. Typically, a drill bit is used to create a hole in the ice surface, and a pipe is inserted deep into the hole to collect the sample. However, drilling through the ice causes ice to fall into the water, creating agitation and mixing of water from different depths, along with ice material. This results in water samples that cannot accurately reflect the actual water quality at the selected depth. Furthermore, this method is too inefficient for multi-point sampling.

[0006] Currently, underwater drones have been developed and can be modified for sampling. However, underwater robots, with their own propulsion systems, can cause water mixing during operation. Furthermore, underwater robots have complex structures and poor operational stability in low-temperature environments. Leakage has occurred with ordinary underwater robots, which can also affect water quality testing. Therefore, special designs for environmental applications are required, which increases costs. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a water quality testing device for extremely cold environments, thus solving the existing problems.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a water quality testing device for extremely cold environments, comprising an ice surface sampling vehicle and an ice sub-ice sampler;

[0009] Ice surface harvesting vehicles are used to collect snow and icicles from ice surfaces;

[0010] Sub-ice samplers are used for sampling liquid water under ice.

[0011] The main body of the sub-ice sampler is a floating structure that can float to the bottom of the ice surface underwater. The front end of the sub-ice sampler is equipped with a counter-propulsion fin, which is used to provide forward momentum with the help of water flow.

[0012] The sub-ice sampler is equipped with a permanent magnet and a magnetic track is installed in the ice layer, or a magnetic block is installed at the bottom of the ice surface sampling vehicle. The method depends on the thickness of the ice layer in previous years. If the ice layer is thin, the ice surface sampling vehicle is used for navigation. If the ice layer is thick in previous years, a magnetic track is pre-set at the bottom of the water during the non-freezing period. After the ice layer freezes, the magnetic track is fixed in the ice layer.

[0013] During testing, a hole is made in the ice surface, and the sub-ice sampler is inserted into the ice through the hole. As the sub-ice sampler moves forward under the action of the sub-ice water flow, the magnetic rail or magnetic block provides directional navigation, enabling the sub-ice sampler to sample the sub-ice water layer along the planned path.

[0014] Preferably, the permanent magnet in the sub-ice sampler is a permanent magnet rotor, and a magnetic coupling driven by a motor is installed at the bottom of the ice surface sampling vehicle. The magnetic coupling is used to drive the permanent magnet to rotate.

[0015] The bottom of the sub-ice sampler extends into a sampling tube, which includes an outer tube and an inner tube. The inner and outer tubes can rotate relative to each other and their contact surfaces are rotated and sealed. A notch is provided on the outer wall of the outer tube for water intake. A baffle is installed in the inner tube, which divides the inner tube into several independent cavities. The inner tube is connected to a permanent magnet. After the permanent magnet drives the inner tube to rotate, each cavity takes water in turn through the notch.

[0016] Preferably, the bottom of the permanent magnet is connected to an extension shaft, and the extension shaft is connected to the inner cylinder by a magnetic coupler. The magnetic coupler includes an inner magnetic ring connected to the extension shaft and an outer magnetic ring sleeved outside the inner magnetic ring. A magnetic flux regulator is embedded between the outer magnetic ring and the inner magnetic ring.

[0017] Preferably, the retro-jet fin includes a hollow water guide tube and wing plates installed outside the water guide tube. Two wing plates are symmetrically installed on the outside of each water guide tube, and a total of two parallel water guide tubes are provided.

[0018] Preferably, a first link and a second link are connected to one side of the wing plate, wherein one end of the first link is hinged to the outer wall of the water guide tube;

[0019] A guide rail is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the water guide tube along the axial direction. A push rod and a guide rod are slidably connected inside the guide rail. The push rod is connected to the rear end of the guide rod. The guide rod has a T-shaped structure. The axial section of the guide rod is slidably connected inside the guide rail, and the radial section of the guide rod has a groove structure.

[0020] One end of the second connecting rod is hinged to the outer wall of the guide rail. A connecting arm is provided on one side of the near end of the second connecting rod, and a slider is hinged to the end of the connecting arm. The slider is slidably connected in the groove of the radial section of the guide rod.

[0021] Preferably, the push rods of both retro-wings are extended and connected to drive rods, which are connected to a slide. One end of the slide is connected to a rack, and a permanent magnet is connected to a gear, which meshes with the rack.

[0022] Preferably, the main body of the under-ice sampler is a hollow spindle-shaped or butterfly-shaped structure with a through-hole design. A partition is set along the length of the interior to divide the interior into three parts.

[0023] The upper surface of the sub-ice sampler is equipped with a blade.

[0024] Preferably, the front end of the ice surface collection vehicle is equipped with a snow shovel, the snow shovel has a snow melting chamber, and the rear end of the snow chamber is connected to a suction pipe.

[0025] An instrument is installed in the upper part of the inner cavity of the ice surface collection vehicle, and the output end of the suction tube is connected to the instrument.

[0026] Preferably, the detector is also equipped with a receiving chamber for holding the sampling tube of the under-ice sampler.

[0027] Preferably, the bottom of the inner cavity of the ice surface collection vehicle is provided with two liftable base plates, one of which is used to install the magnetic coupling and related drive components, and the other is used to install the ice drill and related drive components.

[0028] In summary, the present invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0029] The concept of this invention is to set up an ice surface sampling vehicle and an ice-sub-ice sampler to work in coordination. This coordination includes not only the coordination of sampling and detection, but also the coordination of driving. The ice-sub-ice sampler does not have its own drive system. It uses the force of the water flow under the ice to provide initial power, and is guided by the ice surface sampling vehicle or a pre-set magnetic track to control the path of the ice-sub-ice sampler, thereby completing the fixed-point sampling. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the ice surface harvesting vehicle of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sub-ice sampler of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the sub-ice sampler of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetic coupler of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the sampling cylinder structure of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the inner cylinder structure of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the ice drill structure of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] Please see Figure 1-7 Extreme cold environment water quality testing device, including ice surface sampling vehicle 1 and sub-ice sampler 2;

[0039] Ice surface harvesting vehicle 1 is used to collect snow and icicles from the ice surface;

[0040] Sub-ice sampler 2 is used for sampling liquid water under ice.

[0041] The main body of the sub-ice sampler 2 is a floating structure, which can float to the bottom of the ice surface underwater. The front end of the sub-ice sampler 2 is equipped with a counter-propeller 3, which is used to provide forward momentum with the help of water flow.

[0042] The sub-ice sampler 2 is equipped with a permanent magnet 21 and a magnetic track is installed in the ice layer, or a magnetic block is installed at the bottom of the ice surface sampling vehicle 1. The method depends on the thickness of the ice layer in previous years. If the ice layer thickness is small, the ice surface sampling vehicle is used for navigation. If the ice layer thickness is large in previous years, a magnetic track is preset at the bottom of the water during the non-freezing period. After the ice layer freezes, the magnetic track is fixed in the ice layer.

[0043] At extremely cold temperatures, the magnetism of the magnets intensifies, allowing them to interact even with ice. High-performance rare-earth magnets, such as neodymium iron boron magnets, can be used, as their magnetism is stronger at low temperatures. However, if the ice layer is too thick, such as over 50 cm, the magnetic navigation of the ice sampling vehicle 1 on the ice surface will be significantly affected. Therefore, a pre-set magnetic track can be used. Essentially, this involves using the upper magnetic poles to attract the permanent magnet 21, guiding it along a predetermined path. Alternatively, if a pre-set magnetic track is used, an electromagnetic track can be employed, directly powering the sub-ice sampler through electromagnetic force. This approach overcomes the limitations of water flow direction, meaning it doesn't rely on water flow for power and can be applied in environments with slow-moving water or lakes.

[0044] If the ice layer is thin, the ice surface sampling vehicle 1 can move on the ice surface directly by relying on magnetic attraction, thereby driving the sub-ice sampler to move along a certain path.

[0045] During testing, a hole is made in the ice surface, and the sub-ice sampler 2 is inserted into the ice through the hole. As the sub-ice sampler 2 moves forward under the action of the sub-ice water flow, the magnetic rail or magnetic block provides directional navigation, so that the sub-ice sampler 2 samples the sub-ice water layer according to the planned path.

[0046] In this preferred embodiment, water flow is used for propulsion. This has the following advantages: First, the speed is stable, as the magnetic track and ice sampling vehicle 1 only provide guidance to prevent deviation. Therefore, the magnetic requirements are low. Second, it can adapt to the environment under the ice. Using magnetic track drive or active traction by the ice sampling vehicle may result in jamming when obstructed under the ice, while water flow guidance allows for adaptive obstacle avoidance. It is worth mentioning that in normally flowing water areas under ice, the surface of the ice layer rubs against the water flow, resulting in a smooth structure. If the water flow under ice is not horizontal, such as in large lakes, the water flow is not horizontal but rather vertical due to temperature differences. The surface of the ice layer is often uneven, making movement difficult and thus unsuitable for the implementation of the ice sampler 2 in this embodiment.

[0047] The challenges of using water flow propulsion lie in addressing issues of stability and sustainability. (Refer to...) Figure 2 , Figure 3 as well as Figure 4 As shown, the anti-collision fin 3 includes a hollow water guide tube 38 and wing plates 31 installed on the outside of the water guide tube 38. Two wing plates 31 are symmetrically installed on the outside of each water guide tube 38, and a total of two parallel water guide tubes 38 are provided. A first connecting rod 32 and a second connecting rod 33 are connected to one side of the wing plate 31, wherein one end of the first connecting rod 32 is hinged to the outer wall of the water guide tube 38.

[0048] A guide rail 37 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the water guide tube 38 along the axial direction. A push rod 39 and a guide rod 34 are slidably connected inside the guide rail 37. The push rod 39 is connected to the rear end of the guide rod 34. The guide rod 34 has a T-shaped structure. The axial section of the guide rod 34 is slidably connected inside the guide rail 37, and the radial section of the guide rod 34 has a groove structure.

[0049] One end of the second connecting rod 33 is hinged to the outer wall of the guide rail 37. A connecting arm 35 is provided on one side of the near end of the second connecting rod 33. A slider is hinged to the end of the connecting arm 35. The slider is slidably connected in the groove of the radial section of the guide rod 34.

[0050] Reference Figure 2 as well as Figure 4 Each water guide cylinder 38 is equipped with two sets of symmetrical and parallel guide rails 37. The first connecting rod 32, the second connecting rod 33, the connecting arm 35, the guide rod 34, and the push rod 39 are all equipped with two sets to maintain stable operation.

[0051] Specific reference Figure 4As shown, when push rod 39 pushes guide rod 34 upward, wing plates 31 flip and close, forming a water flow impact surface that propels the entire device forward. When push rod 39 retracts, wing plates 31 separate backward and converge on the outer wall of water guide tube 38. Water flows through water guide tube 38. Before the sub-ice sampler 2 is launched, adjusting the degree of wing plate 31's closure can control its underwater propulsion speed. This can be adjusted based on the actual water flow speed.

[0052] When it reaches the preset position, a strong magnetic attraction point is set on the magnetic track, which will attract it with strong magnetic force. Alternatively, the ice surface collection vehicle 1 will stop and be attracted by magnetic force.

[0053] Having solved the driving problem of the under-ice sampler 2, the next step is to figure out how to perform the sampling.

[0054] This embodiment employs two schemes in its actual design. The first scheme requires no power and involves a sampling cylinder vertically mounted at the lower part of the sub-ice sampler 2. The cylinder is vertically divided into multiple independent chambers, each with a water inlet groove on its upper outer wall. Before the sub-ice sampler 2 is inserted, a hydrolytic membrane, such as alginate, is attached to the outside of the water inlet groove. After the sub-ice sampler 2 has been submerged in water for a period of time, the hydrolytic membrane dissolves, allowing water to naturally enter the water inlet groove, achieving stratified sampling. The advantage of this scheme is that it requires no power and has a simple structure, but the water inlet is uncontrollable. It cannot sample precisely at a fixed location. Furthermore, this structure can only sample once and cannot sample multiple points.

[0055] Secondly, it utilizes power; the sub-ice sampler 2 is activated after reaching a preset position, enabling controlled sampling. See details... Figure 5 As shown, the bottom of the sub-ice sampler 2 extends into a sampling tube, which also extends vertically for stratified sampling. The sampling tube includes an outer tube 5 and an inner tube 4. The inner tube 4 and the outer tube 5 can rotate relative to each other, and their contact surfaces are rotary sealed. A notch 51 is provided on the outer wall of the outer tube 5 for water inlet. A partition 41 is installed in the inner tube 4, dividing the inner tube 4 into several independent cavities. The width of the partition 41 is greater than that of the notch 51, and it seals the notch after being rotated into position.

[0056] The permanent magnet 21 in the sub-ice sampler 2 is a permanent magnet rotor. A magnetic coupling 142 driven by a motor is installed at the bottom of the ice surface sampling vehicle 1. The magnetic coupling 142 is used to drive the permanent magnet 21 to rotate. The inner cylinder 4 is connected to the permanent magnet 21. After the permanent magnet 21 drives the inner cylinder 4 to rotate, each cavity takes turns passing through the notch 51 to collect water. This achieves the sampling of the original water layer.

[0057] The magnetic coupling 142 is a non-contact drive coupling, which mainly uses a conductor rotor driven by a motor to drive a magnetic rotor to rotate. This enables non-contact transmission between the surface of the ice layer and the surface beneath the ice layer.

[0058] It's worth noting that the magnetic coupling 142 is significantly affected by the air gap. The driving function of the magnetic coupling 142 differs from the navigation function described above. The navigation function only requires a small magnetic force to prevent deviation. The magnetic coupling 142 requires sufficient magnetic transmission torque; if the gap is too large, torque transmission will be inadequate, resulting in either no transmission or insufficient torque. Therefore, for ice layers with a thickness of several centimeters, this can be overcome by increasing the magnetic force. For ice layers thicker than twenty centimeters, a certain depth can be pre-drilled at the sampling location to push the magnetic coupling 142 to that position for driving. This hole will not be drilled through, so it will not affect the sampling process. (Refer to...) Figure 7 As shown, the bottom of the inner cavity of the ice surface collection vehicle 1 is equipped with two liftable base plates 141. One base plate is used to install the magnetic coupling 142 and related driving components, and the other base plate is used to install the ice drill 143 and related driving components. The two base plates can work independently to perform drilling or driving operations.

[0059] It is worth mentioning that the drive problem is solved by using the magnetic coupling 142, which can be used to drive and adjust the recoil blade 3. During sampling, it is retracted to reduce the pushing effect of the water flow, ensuring stable sampling when the sampler 2 is removed. For specific details, please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 2 The push rods 39 of the two counter-wings 3 shown are both extended and connected to drive rods 24. The drive rods 24 are connected to the slide table 23. One end of the slide table 23 is connected to a rack. The permanent magnet 21 is connected to a gear, and the gear meshes with the rack.

[0060] At this point, the drive ratio also needs to be considered. The drive rack requires a certain stroke, and the recoil fin needs to retract quickly. Normally, the sampling cylinder only needs to rotate a certain angle for one sampling operation. The recoil fin needs to retract quickly before or in the early stages of sampling to avoid affecting the sampling process. Therefore, refer to... Figure 5 As shown, the bottom of the permanent magnet 21 is connected to an extension shaft, which is connected to the inner cylinder 4 by a magnetic coupler. The magnetic coupler includes an inner magnetic ring 211 connected to the extension shaft and an outer magnetic ring 212 sleeved outside the inner magnetic ring. A magnetic flux regulator 213 is embedded between the outer magnetic ring 212 and the inner magnetic ring 211. The principle of the magnetic coupler is similar to that of a magnetic coupling. Both the inner magnetic ring 211 and the outer magnetic ring 212 are annular structures with a ring of permanent magnet blocks embedded circumferentially, and the magnetic flux regulator 213 is an annular structure with a ring of iron screws embedded circumferentially. It has a speed reduction function, and the speed reduction ratio is the ratio of the number of permanent magnet blocks in the inner and outer magnetic rings. This coupler is also called a magnetic speed reduction gear. Through its speed reduction effect, the permanent magnet 21 can quickly retract the recoil wing 3 and stabilize the under-ice sampler 2 when it starts rotating. During this process, the sampling cylinder rotates slowly to collect samples. (Continue referring to...) Figure 2As shown, the rack design has two sets, left and right, and the gear design is a toothed gear. This works in conjunction with the rotation angle design of the sampling cylinder. The workflow is as follows: In the early stage of sampling, the permanent magnet 21 rotates, and the toothed part of the gear quickly pushes the rack on the right side backward, retracting the recoil wing 3. At this time, the permanent magnet 21 continues to rotate, and the inner cylinder 4 of the sampling cylinder slowly rotates a certain angle, moving the partition 41 away from the position of the notch 51, connecting the internal cavity with the notch 51. Then, the next partition 41 is gradually rotated to the notch 51. During this process, the toothed part of the toothed gear rotates to the rack on the left side, driving the rack outward and unfolding the recoil wing 3. The effect of the transmission ratio designed through the magnetic coupler mentioned above is reflected in this. Since the action of moving the partition 41 away when the inner cylinder 4 rotates is during the non-water inlet stage, the recoil wing 3 is unfolded or retracted during this rotation period. During the water inlet period, the position of the toothed gear is switched between the left and right racks. In essence, the curvature of the partition multiplied by the designed transmission ratio is the rotation of the gear driving the rack, and the curvature of each cavity in the inner cylinder multiplied by the designed transmission ratio is the travel distance of the gear driving teeth switching between the left and right racks.

[0061] In addition, to improve stability, refer to Figure 3 As shown, the main body of the sub-ice sampler 2 is a hollow spindle-shaped or butterfly-shaped structure with a through-hole design. A partition along the length of the interior divides the interior into three parts. The two side parts use a special structure for flow guidance to prevent deviation during movement. The main body is made of a low-density material, and a float can also be added at the bottom. The sampling tube is also made of a low-density material.

[0062] The upper end face of the sub-ice sampler 2 is provided with a blade 25, which can be used to guide the sampler by pressing against the lower surface of the ice layer when it is moving, and can be used to keep it stable by buoyancy when it stops, thus preventing it from shaking.

[0063] Finally, refer to Figure 1 As shown, the front end of the ice surface collection vehicle 1 is equipped with a snow shovel 12, and a snow melting chamber is opened inside the snow shovel 12. The rear end of the snow melting chamber is connected to a suction pipe 11.

[0064] A detector 13 is installed in the upper part of the inner cavity of the ice surface sampling vehicle 1, and the output end of the suction pipe 11 is connected to the detector 13. The detector 13 also has a receiving chamber 15 for holding the sampling tube of the sub-ice sampler 2. After the sub-ice sampler 2 completes all sampling, it can drill through the ice layer at the final stopping position and extract it using a robotic arm, placing the sampling tube into the receiving chamber 15. Considering the relatively high depth of the sampling tube, the receiving chamber 15 needs an adaptive design. Additionally, when extracting water samples from inside the sampling tube, the inner cylinder 4 can be separated. Valves are installed at the bottom or circumference of the inner cylinder 4 according to the water layer height; opening the valves allows for extraction.

[0065] The system employs unmanned, automated detection, allowing for direct installation of the detectors inside. Snow samples are taken from the surface of the ice layer using a snow shovel 12, from the ice layer using an ice drill 143, and from the water layer beneath the ice using a sub-ice sampler 2. The three media are detected simultaneously, with data interleaved to determine the water quality of the area.

[0066] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A water quality testing device for extremely cold environments, characterized in that: Includes an ice surface sampling vehicle (1) and an under-ice sampler (2); Ice surface collection vehicle (1) is used to collect snow and ice columns from the ice surface; The under-ice sampler (2) is used for sampling liquid water under ice; The main body of the sub-ice sampler (2) is a floating structure, which can float to the bottom of the ice surface underwater. The front end of the sub-ice sampler (2) is equipped with a counter-wing (3) to provide forward momentum with the help of water flow. The anti-collision wing (3) includes a hollow water guide tube (38) and a wing plate (31) installed on the outside of the water guide tube (38). Two wing plates (31) are symmetrically installed on the outside of a single water guide tube (38), and a total of two parallel water guide tubes (38) are provided. One side of the wing plate (31) is connected to a first connecting rod (32) and a second connecting rod (33), wherein one end of the first connecting rod (32) is hinged to the outer wall of the water guide tube (38); A guide rail (37) is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the water guide tube (38) along the axial direction. A push rod (39) and a guide rod (34) are slidably connected inside the guide rail (37). The push rod (39) is connected to the rear end of the guide rod (34). The guide rod (34) has a T-shaped structure. The axial section of the guide rod (34) is slidably connected inside the guide rail (37). The radial section of the guide rod (34) has a groove structure. One end of the second link (33) is hinged to the outer wall of the guide rail (37). A connecting arm (35) is provided on one side of the near end of the second link (33). A slider is hinged to the end of the connecting arm (35). The slider is slidably connected in the groove of the radial section of the guide rod (34). A permanent magnet (21) is installed inside the sub-ice sampler (2). A magnetic track is installed in the ice layer, or a magnetic block is installed at the bottom of the ice surface sampling vehicle (1). The thickness of the ice layer in previous years is determined according to the thickness of the ice layer in the area to be tested. If the ice layer thickness is small, the ice surface sampling vehicle is used for navigation. If the ice layer thickness is large in previous years, a magnetic track is preset at the bottom of the water during the non-freezing period. After the ice layer freezes, the magnetic track is fixed in the ice layer. During the test, a hole is made in the ice surface, and the sub-ice sampler (2) is inserted into the ice through the hole. As the sub-ice sampler (2) moves forward under the action of the sub-ice water flow, the magnetic rail or magnetic block provides directional navigation so that the sub-ice sampler (2) samples the sub-ice water layer according to the planned path.

2. The water quality testing device for extremely cold environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The permanent magnet (21) in the under-ice sampler (2) is a permanent magnet rotor. The bottom of the ice surface sampling vehicle (1) is equipped with a magnetic coupling (142) driven by a motor. The magnetic coupling (142) is used to drive the permanent magnet (21) to rotate. The bottom of the sub-ice sampler (2) extends into a sampling tube, which includes an outer tube (5) and an inner tube (4). The inner tube (4) and the outer tube (5) can rotate relative to each other and the contact surface is rotated and sealed. A notch (51) is provided on the outer wall of the outer tube (5) for water intake. A partition (41) is installed in the inner tube (4). The partition (41) divides the inner tube (4) into several independent cavities. The inner tube (4) is connected to a permanent magnet (21). After the permanent magnet (21) drives the inner tube (4) to rotate, each cavity takes water through the notch (51) in turn.

3. The water quality testing device for extremely cold environments according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom of the permanent magnet (21) is connected to an extension shaft. The extension shaft is connected to the inner cylinder (4) by a magnetic coupler. The magnetic coupler includes an inner magnetic ring (211) connected to the extension shaft and an outer magnetic ring (212) sleeved outside the inner magnetic ring. A magnetic flux regulator (213) is embedded between the outer magnetic ring (212) and the inner magnetic ring (211).

4. The water quality testing device for extremely cold environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The push rods (39) of the two counter-wings (3) are both extended and connected to drive rods (24). The drive rods (24) are connected to the slide (23). One end of the slide (23) is connected to a rack. The permanent magnet (21) is connected to a gear, which meshes with the rack.

5. The water quality testing device for extremely cold environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main body of the under-ice sampler (2) is a hollow spindle or butterfly structure with a through-hole design. There are partitions along the length of the interior, which divide the interior into three parts. The upper end face of the sub-ice sampler (2) is provided with a blade (25).

6. The water quality testing device for extremely cold environments according to claim 5, characterized in that: The front end of the ice surface collection vehicle (1) is equipped with a snow shovel (12), and a snow melting chamber is opened inside the snow shovel (12). A suction pipe (11) is connected to the rear end of the snow melting chamber. An instrument (13) is installed in the upper part of the inner cavity of the ice surface collection vehicle (1), and the output end of the suction tube (11) is connected to the instrument (13).

7. The water quality testing device for extremely cold environments according to claim 6, characterized in that: The detector (13) is also equipped with a receiving chamber (15) for holding the sampling tube of the ice sampler (2).

8. The water quality testing device for extremely cold environments according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom of the inner cavity of the ice surface collection vehicle (1) is provided with two liftable base plates (141), one of which is used to install the magnetic coupling (142) and related drive components, and the other is used to install the ice drill (143) and related drive components.

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