Alarm system and method of fire-fighting escape ladder

Abstract

The invention discloses an alarm system and method of a fire-fighting escape ladder, and relates to the technical field of communication alarm, the alarm system comprises an induction monitoring unit, a multi-source fusion unit, a communication control unit, a power supply control unit and a sound-light alarm unit, and the fire spreading edge is delimited and the fire behavior direction is predicted through multi-source data fusion. The fire emergency is judged to facilitate follow-up fire rescue, then the audible and visual alarm unit is used for fire-fighting escape guide indication, so that people in the escape ladder are guided to transfer orderly, the evacuation efficiency is improved, a distributed communication model is established through the communication control unit, and the channel quality is evaluated to dynamically adjust the communication mode. The anti-interference capability of wireless signals is enhanced, a thermoelectric conversion model is established through the power supply control unit to perform thermoelectric conversion, and then the signals are output to the power supply module to be stored for emergency power supply under the condition of power failure caused by high temperature of a fire disaster, so that the system reliability, the response speed and the personnel safety in a fire disaster scene are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of communication alarms, and in particular to an alarm system and method for a fire escape ladder. Background Art

[0002] As a purely mechanical device, the traditional fire escape ladder has the defect of passive escape guidance. The victims can only achieve the expected purpose of centralized transfer through the fire escape ladder. When the fire escape ladder is blocked by people, it may delay the escape time and further cause the danger of people being trapped. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the design of the traditional fire escape ladder. By applying the Internet of Things technology on the basis of the traditional fire escape ladder, an alarm system based on the fire escape ladder is designed to cooperate with the fire rescue department. However, in actual application, due to extreme environmental conditions such as high temperature and particulate matter at the fire scene, which will affect the normal use of wireless signal transmission and electronic components, the alarm system may have defects such as insufficient communication reliability and lack of emergency power supply. Conventional power supplies are prone to failure under high temperature or power outages, and the system cannot continue to operate, resulting in interruption of key alarm and communication functions. Moreover, when the alarm system cannot dynamically analyze the fire spread trend, it is difficult to provide accurate fire assessment, which will affect the efficiency of the fire rescue linkage work and cannot adjust the escape route according to the fire dynamics.

[0003] In view of the above technical defects, a solution is now proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the defects of passive escape guidance in traditional fire escape ladders, as well as the defects of insufficient communication reliability and lack of emergency power supply that may exist in the application process of the alarm system designed based on the fire escape ladder, and the inability to dynamically analyze the fire spread trend.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: An alarm system for a fire escape ladder comprises an induction monitoring unit, a multi-source fusion unit, a communication control unit, a power supply control unit and an audible and visual alarm unit; The induction monitoring unit is used for fire scene induction monitoring to collect infrared data, gas data and signal data; The multi-source fusion unit is used to preliminarily analyze infrared data and gas data. It uses an infrared thermal imager to obtain a fire thermal map, combines this with gas data to analyze the fire development situation, and integrates this information into fire information for disaster recovery backup storage. This information is then simultaneously wirelessly transmitted to the fire rescue department for alarm. The communication control unit is used to analyze signal data and establish a distributed communication model to evaluate the quality of the wireless channel, thereby dynamically selecting the optimal communication mode; The power control unit is used for thermoelectric conversion and emergency power supply: a thermoelectric conversion model is established to convert thermal energy into electrical energy, which is then output to the power module for storage to provide emergency power supply in the event of a power outage caused by high temperature due to a fire. The sound and light alarm unit is used to provide fire escape guidance instructions through sound and light, thereby guiding the orderly transfer of people on the escape ladder.

[0006] Furthermore, the sensing monitoring unit includes an infrared thermal imager, a gas sensor and a network monitor, and collects infrared data, gas data and signal data through the infrared thermal imager, the gas sensor and the network monitor respectively; The fire thermal image is obtained by infrared thermal imaging, and the fire development is analyzed in combination with gas data. The specific process is as follows: The temperature matrix W is established through the fire heat map. The value of any element w in the temperature matrix W refers to the temperature value Ts at the location of the pixel Sw; The gas environment at the fire scene is detected by gas sensors to obtain gas data, including CO concentration, CO2 concentration and particulate matter concentration; The temperature matrix W and the gas data are time-matched according to the timestamp.

[0007] Furthermore, the specific process of preliminary analysis of infrared data is as follows: Set a high temperature threshold H0, compare the element value of the temperature matrix W with the high temperature threshold H0, and define the high temperature core area Zh; Setting the temperature gradient , when the difference between two adjacent elements of the temperature matrix W is higher than the temperature gradient When , the fire spreading edge is delineated by comparing the values ​​of two adjacent elements: Taking the high temperature core area Zh of the fire heat map as the reference point, set N0 reference lines in the direction of the periphery of the high temperature core area, and the reference lines are evenly distributed in a radial pattern. Monitor the intersection of the fire spreading edge and the baseline in N0 directions, and set a sliding window To determine the direction of fire spread; By monitoring the internal area defined by the edge of the fire spread, the fire spread rate is obtained, and a threshold for the fire spread rate is set, so that the degree of fire spread can be determined by threshold comparison.

[0008] Furthermore, the specific process of preliminary analysis of gas data is as follows: By comparing the CO gas concentration with the CO2 gas concentration, the smoldering fire and the open flame can be distinguished. Through the sliding window Calculate the rate of change of gas concentration and particle concentration, and comprehensively evaluate the degree of fire acceleration; By combining the degree of fire spread and the degree of fire acceleration, the fire rescue urgency is comprehensively assessed and the fire grade is determined; Then the fire heat map is combined with the gas concentration to generate a composite fire heat map; The structured data of the composite fire heat map is integrated into fire information for disaster recovery backup storage and synchronously transmitted wirelessly to the fire rescue department for alarm. The structured data includes timestamp, coordinate location temperature, gas concentration data, high-temperature core area location, fire spread edge and direction, and the urgency of fire rescue.

[0009] Furthermore, the specific process of establishing a distributed communication model is as follows: Signal data includes signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), signal strength (RSSI), and bit error rate (BER). The wireless channel quality index (Qe) is obtained through the signal data. Set the evaluation threshold Q0 of the wireless channel quality index Qe. When the wireless channel quality index Qe is lower than the evaluation threshold Q0, the communication mode is dynamically optimized: Input the mode switching requests of n0 cluster heads and the state data within the cluster into the distributed communication model; The cluster status data includes the average signal-to-noise ratio SNRavg, the maximum value of the sensor temperature Tev, and the signal node NodeDensity; The state encoding vector of any cluster is labeled u, and the global state matrix is ​​labeled U; Establish a communication mode decision strategy. The action space of the decision strategy includes switching the modulation mode ModeSw, updating the routing path RouteRp, and adjusting the signal power DensityNd. The action space is marked as G. By adjusting the action space of the wireless signal, the optimal solution for the wireless channel quality under the current environmental conditions is obtained.

[0010] Furthermore, the specific process of establishing the thermoelectric conversion model is as follows: Heat from the fire scene is absorbed by thermoelectric materials. The thermoelectric materials include high-temperature zone materials and low-temperature zone materials. The high-temperature zone materials and low-temperature zone materials are combined to form a thermocouple, so that a temperature gradient is formed between the high-temperature end Thot and the low-temperature end Tcold. The Seebeck coefficients of high temperature zone materials and low temperature zone materials are marked as Sh and Sc respectively. The total series voltage Vhigh of the high-temperature stage is formed by connecting m1 thermocouples of high-temperature zone materials in series, and the total parallel current Ilow of the low-temperature stage is formed by connecting m2 thermocouples of low-temperature zone materials in parallel; Then, the high-temperature stage output port is connected to the low-temperature stage input port to form a temperature gradient cascade, and the total output power Pm of the thermoelectric conversion model is obtained. The thermoelectric power is maximized by combining the series and parallel connection of thermocouples. The power is then output to the power module for storage. The total output power Pm of the thermoelectric conversion model and the storage time are used to obtain the reserve power of the power module to prepare for emergency power supply in the event of a power outage caused by high temperature due to fire.

[0011] Furthermore, when the fire rescue department receives the alarm, a guidance plan is generated based on the technical knowledge and practical experience of professional rescuers and sent to the sound and light alarm unit of the fire escape ladder; The sound and light alarm unit receives guidance from the fire rescue department, and then provides guidance and instructions through sound and optical signals to guide the fire escape of the affected people in an orderly manner.

[0012] A fire escape ladder alarm method, which is applied to the above-mentioned fire escape ladder alarm system, comprises the following steps: Step 1: The sensor monitoring unit performs sensor monitoring on the fire scene to collect infrared data, gas data and signal data; In step 2, the multi-source fusion unit performs a preliminary analysis of infrared data and gas data, obtaining a fire thermal map using an infrared thermal imager. Combined with the gas data, the unit analyzes the fire's development, integrating it into fire information for disaster recovery backup and storage, and simultaneously wirelessly transmitting the information to the fire rescue department for alerting. Step 3: The communication control unit analyzes the signal data and builds a distributed communication model to evaluate the quality of the wireless channel, thereby dynamically selecting the optimal communication mode; Step 4: The power control unit performs thermoelectric conversion and emergency power supply: a thermoelectric conversion model is established to convert thermal energy into electrical energy, which is then output to the power module for storage to provide emergency power supply in the event of a power outage caused by high temperature due to a fire. Step 5: The sound and light alarm unit provides fire escape guidance instructions through sound and light, thereby guiding the escape ladder personnel to transfer in an orderly manner.

[0013] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: In terms of fire rescue, the present invention uses multi-source data fusion to monitor and analyze fire conditions, delineate the fire spread edge and predict the fire direction, and determine the urgency of the fire to facilitate subsequent fire rescue. This achieves the effect of upgrading from a single alarm to full-dimensional dynamic perception of the fire condition. The sound and light alarm unit then provides fire escape guidance instructions based on sound and light, thereby guiding the orderly transfer of people on the escape ladder, improving evacuation efficiency, and avoiding congestion. From the perspective of system application, the present invention establishes a distributed communication model through a communication control unit, evaluates channel quality and quantifies communication reliability in real time, thereby dynamically adjusting the communication mode and enhancing the anti-interference ability of the wireless signal. The distributed architecture realizes autonomous optimization of communication and power supply. A thermoelectric conversion model is established through the power control unit to perform thermoelectric conversion, which is then output to the power module for storage, in preparation for emergency power supply in the event of a power outage caused by high temperature due to a fire.

[0014] From the perspective of overall architecture, the present invention significantly improves system reliability, response speed and personnel safety in fire scenarios through multi-source data fusion, dynamic communication optimization, thermal power emergency power supply and intelligent escape guidance. It can be widely used in fire protection systems in complex environments such as high-rise buildings, reducing fire casualties and property losses. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the connection of the system modules of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing the steps of the method flow of the present invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] Example 1: like Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, an alarm system for a fire escape ladder includes a sensing monitoring unit, a multi-source fusion unit, a communication control unit, a power control unit, and an audible and visual alarm unit, wherein the sensing monitoring unit, the multi-source fusion unit, the communication control unit, the power control unit, and the audible and visual alarm unit are communicatively connected; Among them, the multi-source fusion unit is deployed in the edge computing box, the communication control unit and the power control unit are deployed in the cloud processor; the sensing monitoring unit and the sound and light alarm unit are deployed on the outside of the fire escape ladder; the edge computing box and the cloud processor transmit data through wireless signals; the sensing monitoring unit and the sound and light alarm unit are electrically connected through the power module, the power module and the power control unit are commanded and controlled through wireless signals, and the power module is electrically connected to the public circuit where the fire escape ladder is installed.

[0018] The working steps are as follows: S1, the induction monitoring unit is used to perform induction monitoring on the fire scene, thereby collecting infrared data, gas data and signal data; The sensing monitoring unit includes an infrared thermal imager, a gas sensor and a network monitor, which collect infrared data, gas data and signal data respectively through the infrared thermal imager, gas sensor and network monitor; The fire thermal image is obtained by infrared thermal imaging, and the fire development is analyzed in combination with gas data. The specific process is as follows: The temperature matrix W is established through the fire heat map. The temperature matrix W includes n1 n2 elements, where the row vector Xw and column vector Yw of any element w refer to the horizontal coordinate Xs and vertical coordinate Ys of the corresponding pixel Sw in the fire thermal map, respectively. The value of any element w in the temperature matrix W refers to the temperature value Ts at the location of the pixel Sw. The gas environment at the fire scene is detected by gas sensors to obtain gas data, including CO concentration, CO2 concentration, and particulate matter concentration; gas sensors such as CO sensors, CO2 sensors, and particulate matter detectors; The temperature matrix W and the gas data are time-correlated according to the timestamp.

[0019] In step S2, the multi-source fusion unit performs preliminary analysis of infrared and gas data, obtains a fire thermal map using an infrared thermal imager, and analyzes the fire development situation in combination with the gas data. This information is then integrated into fire information for disaster recovery and backup storage, and simultaneously wirelessly transmitted to the fire rescue department for alerting. S2-1, set a high temperature threshold H0. When the element value of the temperature matrix W is higher than the high temperature threshold H0, the coordinate of the element is marked as a high temperature coordinate point. By integrating all the high temperature coordinate points of the fire thermal map, it is marked as a high temperature core area Zh. S2-2, set temperature gradient , when the difference between two adjacent elements of the temperature matrix W is higher than the temperature gradient , the fire spreading edge is delineated by comparing the values ​​of two adjacent elements: The two adjacent element values ​​of the temperature matrix W are marked as Th1 and Th2 respectively, the matrix coordinate point where the element value Th1 is located is marked as P1, and the matrix coordinate point where the element value Th2 is located is marked as P2; When the element value Th1>Th2, all P1 points are connected and fitted into a smooth curve, and the smooth curve is marked as the fire spread edge; S2-3: Using the high-temperature core area Zh of the fire heat map as the reference point, set N0 reference lines in the direction of the high-temperature core area. The reference lines are evenly distributed radially. For example, if eight reference lines are selected, the angle between two adjacent reference lines is 45°. Monitor the intersection of the fire spreading edge and the baseline in N0 directions and set a sliding window , get the value in the sliding window At two time nodes before and after, the fire spread edge intersects with the same baseline. The distance between the two intersections is calculated, and then the distance is combined with the sliding window. The ratio of the distance growth rate in the direction of the baseline is further calculated, and the fire spread direction is determined by setting a threshold for the distance growth rate. When the distance growth rate of two adjacent intersection points on the baseline i exceeds the preset threshold, it is determined that the fire spread direction includes the baseline i. The fire spread direction here is not unique and may spread in multiple directions and angles. By monitoring the internal area defined by the fire spreading edge, the internal area area and the sliding window area are calculated. The ratio of the fire spread rate is used to obtain the fire spread rate, and the threshold of the fire spread rate is set to determine the degree of fire spread by comparing the thresholds. S2-4, by comparing the CO gas concentration and the CO2 gas concentration, distinguish between smoldering fire and open flame. When the CO gas concentration is high and the ratio of the CO gas concentration to the CO2 gas concentration is higher than the preset threshold value f1, the fire is judged to be in a smoldering state, indicating incomplete combustion. When the CO2 gas concentration is high and the ratio of the CO gas concentration to the CO2 gas concentration is lower than the preset threshold value f2, the fire is judged to be in an open flame state, indicating complete combustion, and the presence of flammable materials at the fire scene may cause the fire to spread rapidly. The preset threshold values ​​f1 and f2 are preset and obtained after calculation and evaluation of a large amount of smoldering fire and open flame experimental data; By gas concentration and sliding window The ratio of the gas concentration change rate is calculated. Similarly, the change rate of the particle concentration is calculated. The fire acceleration degree is comprehensively assessed by weighting the gas concentration change rate and the particle concentration change rate. The higher the gas concentration change rate and the particle concentration change rate, the more serious the fire acceleration degree is assessed. S2-5, obtain the fire urgency index Qj by weighted fusion of the fire spread degree and the fire acceleration degree, and comprehensively evaluate the rescue urgency of the fire; Set the evaluation interval of the fire urgency index Qj, and determine the fire severity by comparing the intervals to evaluate the fire rescue urgency. The fire severity is divided into the following categories from light to heavy: no fire state, initial state, spreading state, and out of control state; Then the fire heat map is combined with the gas concentration to generate a composite fire heat map; S2-6: Integrate the structured data of the composite fire heat map into fire information for disaster recovery backup storage and synchronous wireless transmission to the fire rescue department for alarm. The structured data includes timestamp, coordinate location temperature, gas concentration data, location of the high-temperature core area, fire spread edge and direction, and the urgency of fire rescue. Disaster recovery backup storage refers to the use of eMMC (Embedded Multi Media Card) embedded storage chips for main memory and MRAM (Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory) magnetic random access memory for backup, to ensure high temperature and shock resistance.

[0020] S3: The communication control unit analyzes the signal data and establishes a distributed communication model to evaluate the quality of the wireless channel, thereby dynamically selecting the optimal communication mode. The specific process of establishing the distributed communication model is as follows: S3-1, signal data includes signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), signal strength (RSSI), and bit error rate (BER); The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is the ratio of signal to noise power, which measures signal quality. High temperatures in fires can attenuate signals and increase noise, leading to a decrease in SNR and impacting communication accuracy. The RSSI reflects the strength of the received signal. High temperatures in fires can increase signal transmission loss, causing RSSI values ​​to decrease and signal reception to weaken. The bit error rate (BER) refers to the ratio of erroneous symbols to the total number of symbols in transmission. High temperatures can increase noise, distort signals, increase the bit error rate, and reduce data transmission reliability. The ambient temperature and particulate matter concentration at a fire scene can affect wireless channel quality. Increased ambient temperature can degrade device performance and affect electronic component parameters, such as resistance and capacitance, which in turn impacts signal processing and transmission. High smoke concentrations can cause smoke particles to scatter signals, changing the direction and strength of signal propagation and reducing received signal quality. S3-2, obtain the wireless channel quality index Qe through the signal data: ; Where ω1, ω2, ω3, and ω4 are weight coefficients for the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), signal strength (RSSI), bit error rate (BER), and smoke particle concentration (Dsm), respectively. The weight coefficients are obtained through historical data training. Tev is the sensor temperature of the fire escape ladder, and Tf is the operating temperature threshold of the electronic components. When Tev > Tf, it means that the sensor-sensed temperature has exceeded the operating temperature threshold of its electronic components, which will affect the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this case, the SNR scoring weight is reduced. Set the evaluation threshold Q0 of the wireless channel quality index Qe. When the wireless channel quality index Qe is lower than the evaluation threshold Q0, the communication mode is dynamically optimized: S3-3, input the mode switching request of n0 cluster heads and the state data within the cluster into the distributed communication model; The cluster status data includes the average signal-to-noise ratio SNRavg, the maximum value of the sensor temperature Tev, and the signal node NodeDensity; Let the state encoding vector of any cluster be labeled u: ; Let's label the global state matrix U: ; Establish a communication mode decision strategy. The action space of the decision strategy includes switching the modulation mode ModeSw, updating the routing path RouteRp, and adjusting the signal power DensityNd. Let’s label the action space G: ; When the wireless channel quality index Qe is in a declining state, the action space is immediately adjusted and dynamically controlled according to a preset adjustment path. The preset adjustment path is a solution that continuously adjusts the action space of the wireless signal according to the signal transmission and reception state in the experimental simulated fire environment to improve the wireless channel quality. For example, by linearly increasing the signal transmission power, the wireless channel quality index Qe is increased until it exceeds the evaluation threshold Q0. If linearly increasing the signal transmission power fails to increase the wireless channel quality index Qe beyond the evaluation threshold Q0, the signal modulation mode is switched from high-order modulation to low-order modulation to enhance anti-interference capability. This method obtains the optimal solution for wireless channel quality under the current environmental conditions and ensures the quality of wireless signal transmission.

[0021] S4, the power control unit performs thermoelectric conversion and emergency power supply: a thermoelectric conversion model is established to convert thermal energy into electrical energy, which is then output to the power module for storage to prepare for emergency power supply in the event of a power outage caused by high temperature due to fire. The specific process of establishing the thermoelectric conversion model is as follows: S4-1, absorbs heat from the fire scene through thermoelectric materials, where lead-antimony alloy is used in the high-temperature area and bismuth telluride is used in the low-temperature area; A thermocouple is formed by combining high-temperature zone materials and low-temperature zone materials, so that a temperature gradient is formed between the high-temperature end Thot and the low-temperature end Tcold. The Seebeck coefficients of high temperature zone materials and low temperature zone materials are marked as Sh and Sc respectively. S4-2, through m1 high temperature zone material thermocouples connected in series, forming a high temperature stage series total voltage Vhigh: ; By connecting m2 thermocouples of low-temperature zone materials in parallel, the total parallel current Ilow of the low-temperature stage is formed: ; Where Rc is the total resistance of the parallel circuit, and the resistance of any thermocouple is marked as R0, then , is the material resistivity, L is the thermocouple length, and A is the cross-sectional area, then ; S4-3, then connect the high-temperature stage output port to the low-temperature stage input port to form a temperature gradient cascade to obtain the total output power Pm of the thermoelectric conversion model: ; in, Refers to the total parallel voltage in the low temperature zone, and ; By combining the series and parallel connection of thermocouples, the thermoelectric power is maximized; The power is then output to the power module for storage. The total output power Pm of the thermoelectric conversion model and the storage time are used to obtain the reserve power of the power module to prepare for emergency power supply in the event of a power outage caused by high temperature due to fire.

[0022] S5, the sound and light alarm unit provides fire escape guidance instructions through sound and light, thereby guiding the escape ladder personnel to transfer in an orderly manner; When the fire rescue department receives the alarm, it generates a guidance plan based on the technical knowledge and practical experience of professional rescuers and sends it to the sound and light alarm unit of the fire escape ladder; The sound and light alarm unit receives guidance from the fire rescue department and provides guidance through sound and light signals, ensuring orderly transfer of firefighters. The sound and light signals are combined with voice commands and optical instructions, such as arrow projection and broadcast audio, to achieve hierarchical guidance and reduce escape confusion. The fire escape ladder is installed near the windows in the public area of ​​the building. When the fire escape ladder is activated, the bottom end of the ladder will unfold and extend downward to multiple floors. According to the development and spread trend of the fire, the trapped people are guided to evacuate to multiple safe floors below the fire. The main method is to enter from the windows of the safe floor to evacuate the people in the escape ladder. Compared with the traditional method of concentrated escape to fixed floors, the present invention improves the evacuation efficiency and avoids the congestion of people. Among them, the safe floor is evaluated by professional rescue personnel based on the structured data of the composite fire heat map. It is not blindly entering a certain floor to avoid the evacuation floor belonging to the area where the fire is about to spread. Finally, through real-time rescue linkage, the fire information is synchronously transmitted to the rescue department to generate a dynamic escape plan, avoiding the high-temperature core area and choosing a low-smoke path.

[0023] In summary, the present invention uses multi-source data fusion to perform fire monitoring and analysis, delineate the fire spread edge and predict the fire direction, determine the fire urgency and facilitate subsequent fire rescue, and achieve the effect of upgrading from a single alarm to full-dimensional dynamic perception of the fire situation. The sound and light alarm unit then provides fire escape guidance instructions based on sound and light, thereby guiding the orderly transfer of people on the escape ladder, improving evacuation efficiency and avoiding congestion. The present invention establishes a distributed communication model through a communication control unit, evaluates channel quality and quantifies communication reliability in real time, thereby dynamically adjusting the communication mode and enhancing the anti-interference ability of wireless signals. The distributed architecture realizes autonomous optimization of communication and power supply. A thermoelectric conversion model is established through the power control unit to perform thermoelectric conversion, which is then output to the power module for storage, in order to prepare for emergency power supply in the event of a power outage caused by high temperature due to fire.

[0024] Through multi-source data fusion, dynamic communication optimization, thermal emergency power supply and intelligent escape guidance, the present invention significantly improves system reliability, response speed and personnel safety in fire scenarios. It can be widely used in fire protection systems in complex environments such as high-rise buildings, reducing fire casualties and property losses.

[0025] The size of the interval and threshold is set to facilitate comparison. The size of the threshold depends on the amount of sample data and the number of bases set by technical personnel in this field for each set of sample data; as long as it does not affect the proportional relationship between the parameter and the quantized value.

[0026] The above formulas are all dimensionless and numerical calculations. The formulas are obtained by collecting a large amount of data and performing software simulation to obtain the most recent real situation. The preset parameters in the formulas are set by those skilled in the art according to actual conditions. The above description is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, who makes equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An alarm system for a fire escape ladder, characterized by: It includes an induction monitoring unit, a multi-source fusion unit, a communication control unit, a power control unit and an audible and visual alarm unit; The induction monitoring unit is used for fire scene induction monitoring to collect infrared data, gas data and signal data; The multi-source fusion unit is used to preliminarily analyze infrared data and gas data. It uses an infrared thermal imager to obtain a fire thermal map, combines this with gas data to analyze the fire development situation, and integrates this information into fire information for disaster recovery backup storage. This information is then simultaneously wirelessly transmitted to the fire rescue department for alarm. The communication control unit is used to analyze signal data and establish a distributed communication model to evaluate the quality of the wireless channel, thereby dynamically selecting the optimal communication mode; The power control unit is used for thermoelectric conversion and emergency power supply: a thermoelectric conversion model is established to convert thermal energy into electrical energy, which is then output to the power module for storage to provide emergency power supply in the event of a power outage caused by high temperature due to a fire. The sound and light alarm unit is used to provide fire escape guidance instructions through sound and light, thereby guiding the orderly transfer of people on the escape ladder.

2. The fire escape ladder alarm system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensing monitoring unit includes an infrared thermal imager, a gas sensor and a network monitor, which collect infrared data, gas data and signal data respectively through the infrared thermal imager, gas sensor and network monitor; The fire thermal image is obtained by infrared thermal imaging, and the fire development is analyzed in combination with gas data. The specific process is as follows: The temperature matrix W is established through the fire heat map. The value of any element w in the temperature matrix W refers to the temperature value Ts at the location of the pixel Sw; The gas environment at the fire scene is detected by gas sensors to obtain gas data, including CO concentration, CO2 concentration and particulate matter concentration; The temperature matrix W and the gas data are time-correlated according to the timestamp.

3. The fire escape ladder alarm system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific process of preliminary analysis of infrared data is as follows: Set a high temperature threshold H0, compare the element value of the temperature matrix W with the high temperature threshold H0, and define the high temperature core area Zh; Setting the temperature gradient , when the difference between two adjacent elements of the temperature matrix W is higher than the temperature gradient , the fire spreading edge is delineated by comparing the values ​​of two adjacent elements: Taking the high temperature core area Zh of the fire heat map as the reference point, set N0 reference lines in the direction of the high temperature core area, and the reference lines are evenly distributed in a radial pattern. Monitor the intersection of the fire spreading edge and the baseline in N0 directions and set a sliding window To determine the direction of fire spread; By monitoring the internal area defined by the edge of the fire spread, the fire spread rate is obtained, and a threshold for the fire spread rate is set, so that the degree of fire spread can be determined by threshold comparison.

4. The fire escape ladder alarm system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The specific process of preliminary analysis of gas data is as follows: By comparing the CO gas concentration with the CO2 gas concentration, the smoldering fire and the open flame can be distinguished. Through the sliding window Calculate the rate of change of gas concentration and particle concentration, and comprehensively evaluate the degree of fire acceleration; By combining the degree of fire spread and the degree of fire acceleration, the fire rescue urgency is comprehensively assessed and the fire grade is determined; Then the fire heat map is combined with the gas concentration to generate a composite fire heat map; The structured data of the composite fire heat map is integrated into fire information for disaster recovery backup storage and synchronously transmitted wirelessly to the fire rescue department for alarm. The structured data includes timestamp, coordinate location temperature, gas concentration data, high-temperature core area location, fire spread edge and direction, and the urgency of fire rescue.

5. The fire escape ladder alarm system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of establishing a distributed communication model is as follows: Signal data includes signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), signal strength (RSSI), and bit error rate (BER). The wireless channel quality index (Qe) is obtained through the signal data. Set the evaluation threshold Q0 of the wireless channel quality index Qe. When the wireless channel quality index Qe is lower than the evaluation threshold Q0, the communication mode is dynamically optimized: Input the mode switching requests of n0 cluster heads and the state data within the cluster into the distributed communication model; The cluster status data includes the average signal-to-noise ratio SNRavg, the maximum value of the sensor temperature Tev, and the signal node NodeDensity; The state encoding vector of any cluster is labeled u, and the global state matrix is ​​labeled U; Establish a communication mode decision strategy. The action space of the decision strategy includes switching the modulation mode ModeSw, updating the routing path RouteRp, and adjusting the signal power DensityNd. The action space is marked as G. By adjusting the action space of the wireless signal, the optimal solution for the wireless channel quality under the current environmental conditions is obtained.

6. The fire escape ladder alarm system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of establishing the thermoelectric conversion model is as follows: Heat from the fire scene is absorbed by thermoelectric materials. The thermoelectric materials include high-temperature zone materials and low-temperature zone materials. The high-temperature zone materials and low-temperature zone materials are combined to form a thermocouple, so that a temperature gradient is formed between the high-temperature end Thot and the low-temperature end Tcold. The Seebeck coefficients of high temperature zone materials and low temperature zone materials are marked as Sh and Sc respectively. The total series voltage Vhigh of the high-temperature stage is formed by connecting m1 thermocouples of high-temperature zone materials in series, and the total parallel current Ilow of the low-temperature stage is formed by connecting m2 thermocouples of low-temperature zone materials in parallel; Then, the high-temperature stage output port is connected to the low-temperature stage input port to form a temperature gradient cascade, and the total output power Pm of the thermoelectric conversion model is obtained. The thermoelectric power is maximized by combining the series and parallel connection of thermocouples. The power is then output to the power module for storage. The total output power Pm of the thermoelectric conversion model and the storage time are used to obtain the reserve power of the power module to prepare for emergency power supply in the event of a power outage caused by high temperature due to fire.

7. The fire escape ladder alarm system according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the fire rescue department receives the alarm, it generates a guidance plan based on the technical knowledge and practical experience of professional rescuers and sends it to the sound and light alarm unit of the fire escape ladder; The sound and light alarm unit receives guidance from the fire rescue department, and then provides guidance and instructions through sound and optical signals to guide the fire escape of the affected people in an orderly manner.

8. A fire escape ladder alarm method, characterized by: The method is applied to the alarm system of a fire escape ladder as described in claims 1 to 7 above, and comprises the following steps: Step 1: The sensor monitoring unit performs sensor monitoring on the fire scene to collect infrared data, gas data and signal data; In step 2, the multi-source fusion unit performs a preliminary analysis of infrared data and gas data, obtaining a fire thermal map using an infrared thermal imager. Combined with the gas data, the unit analyzes the fire's development, integrating it into fire information for disaster recovery backup and storage, and simultaneously wirelessly transmitting the information to the fire rescue department for alerting. Step 3: The communication control unit analyzes the signal data and builds a distributed communication model to evaluate the quality of the wireless channel, thereby dynamically selecting the optimal communication mode; Step 4: The power control unit performs thermoelectric conversion and emergency power supply: a thermoelectric conversion model is established to convert thermal energy into electrical energy, which is then output to the power module for storage to provide emergency power supply in the event of a power outage caused by high temperature due to a fire. Step 5: The sound and light alarm unit provides fire escape guidance instructions through sound and light, thereby guiding the escape ladder personnel to transfer in an orderly manner.

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