Patch antenna, antenna array and communication equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a patch antenna, an antenna array and communication equipment. The patch antenna comprises a feed circuit, a slot floor, a first patch layer, a second patch layer and a third patch layer, wherein the first patch layer, the second patch layer and the third patch layer are sequentially laminated in the direction, away from the feed circuit, of the slot floor and are arranged at intervals. Wherein the feed circuit comprises two feed ports and an open-loop annular feed part connected with the two feed ports. The slot floor is located on one side of the feed circuit. The slit floor is provided with a plurality of slits. And the slot floor and the feed circuit are arranged at intervals. And the orthographic projection of the gap on the feed circuit is at least partially overlapped with the open-loop annular feed part. The first patch layer comprises a first patch; the second patch layer comprises a second patch; the third patch layer comprises a first annular patch. The structure of the polarized switchable antenna is simplified, the return loss is reduced, and the signal gain and the impedance bandwidth are improved.

Description

Patch antennas, antenna arrays, and communication equipment Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to patch antennas, antenna arrays, and communication equipment. Background Art

[0002] Antennas, which receive and transmit radio waves, face increasing demands for performance as wireless communication technology advances. For example, in satellite communication systems, circularly polarized waves are often used as the primary transmission medium. Circularly polarized waves effectively overcome polarization deviations caused by reflection and refraction during radio wave propagation, preventing signal loss due to polarization mismatch. They also exhibit minimal attenuation in rainy and snowy conditions, suppressing rain and fog interference and combating multipath interference.

[0003] Polarization-switchable antennas offer significant advantages in wireless communication systems, including multi-system operation, frequency reuse, and reduced signal attenuation. Currently, most polarization-switchable antennas utilize a switching structure, such as a PIN switch diode, and a circularly polarized structure with two-point feed and a 90° phase difference between the two ports. These complex antenna structures result in low bandwidth.

[0004] Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present disclosure provides a patch antenna, an antenna array, and a communication device, which are used to simplify the structure of a polarization switchable antenna and have a larger bandwidth.

[0006] In a first aspect of the present disclosure, a patch antenna is provided, comprising:

[0007] Feed circuit; the feeding circuit includes two feeding ports and an open-loop ring feeding portion connecting the two feeding ports;

[0008] The slot floor is located on one side of the feed circuit; the slot floor is provided with a plurality of slots; the slot floor is spaced apart from the feed circuit; and the orthographic projection of the slot on the feed circuit at least partially overlaps with the open-loop feed portion;

[0009] The first patch layer, the second patch layer and the third patch layer are sequentially stacked and spaced apart along the direction of the gap floor away from the feed circuit; the first patch layer includes the first patch; the second patch layer includes the second patch; the third patch layer includes the first annular patch.

[0010] In the patch antenna provided by the present disclosure, the orthographic projections of the geometric centers of the first annular patch, the second patch, and the first patch on the plane where the feeding circuit is located all coincide with the geometric center of the open-loop annular feeding portion.

[0011] In the patch antenna provided by the present disclosure, the orthographic projection of the first patch on the second patch layer is located within the area where the second patch is located; the orthographic projection of the second patch on the third patch layer is located within the area where the inner ring of the first annular patch is located.

[0012] In the patch antenna provided by the present disclosure, the orthographic projections of the plurality of slots on the slot floor on the feeding circuit overlap with the open-loop feeding portion at least at three locations.

[0013] In the patch antenna provided by the present disclosure, the plurality of slots include a first slot extending along a first direction and a second slot extending along a second direction; the first slot and the second slot intersect each other; wherein the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction;

[0014] The orthographic projections of both ends of the first slit on the feeding circuit overlap with the open-loop feeding portion; the orthographic projections of both ends of the second slit on the feeding circuit overlap with the open-loop feeding portion.

[0015] In the patch antenna provided by the present disclosure, the length of the first slot is 7.25 mm and the width is 0.4 mm; the length of the second slot is 7.25 mm and the width is 0.4 mm.

[0016] In the patch antenna provided by the present disclosure, both the first slot and the second slot are disconnected at the intersection position of the first slot and the second slot.

[0017] In the patch antenna provided by the present disclosure, the multiple slots further include a third slot; the third slot is located between the first slot and the second slot, and extends along a direction between an angle formed by the first direction and the second direction.

[0018] In the patch antenna provided by the present disclosure, the second patch layer further includes at least one second annular patch; the second annular patch is arranged around the second patch.

[0019] In the patch antenna provided by the present disclosure, the third patch layer further includes at least one third annular patch; the third annular patch is arranged around the first annular patch.

[0020] In the patch antenna provided in the present disclosure, the patch antenna further includes:

[0021] The first dielectric plate is located on one side of the feeding circuit; the gap floor is located on the side of the first dielectric plate facing the feeding circuit; and the first patch layer is located on the side of the first dielectric plate facing away from the feeding circuit.

[0022] In the patch antenna provided by the present disclosure, a first dielectric plate is provided with a plurality of first via holes arranged around the first patch layer; a first isolation column is arranged in the first via hole; and the first isolation column is connected to the gap floor.

[0023] In the patch antenna provided in the present disclosure, the patch antenna further includes:

[0024] The second dielectric plate is located between the first patch layer and the second patch layer.

[0025] In the patch antenna provided by the present disclosure, a second dielectric plate is provided with a plurality of second vias; a second isolation column is provided in the second vias; and the orthographic projections of the first patch layer and the second patch layer on the second dielectric plate are both located within the area surrounded by the second vias.

[0026] In the patch antenna provided by the present disclosure, the second via hole corresponds one-to-one with the first via hole; the orthographic projection of the second via hole on the first dielectric plate at least partially overlaps with the corresponding first via hole; the second isolation column located in the second via hole is connected to the first isolation column located in the corresponding first via hole.

[0027] In the patch antenna provided by the present disclosure, the patch antenna also includes a third dielectric plate; the second patch layer is located on the side of the third dielectric plate facing the first patch layer; and the third patch layer is located on the side of the third dielectric plate facing away from the first patch layer.

[0028] In the patch antenna provided by the present disclosure, a first air dielectric layer and a plurality of first support structures arranged at intervals are provided between the feeding circuit and the slot floor.

[0029] In the patch antenna provided by the present disclosure, the patch antenna also includes a reflecting floor; the reflecting floor is located on the side of the feeding circuit away from the slot floor, and is spaced apart from the feeding circuit; a second air dielectric layer is provided between the reflecting floor and the feeding circuit; and a plurality of spaced apart second supporting structures are fixed on the side of the reflecting floor facing the feeding circuit.

[0030] In a second aspect of the present disclosure, an antenna array is provided, comprising two rows and two columns of patch antennas such as any one of the above items; the patch antennas include a first feed port and a second feed port; the first feed port and the second feed port of each patch antenna both point to the center of the antenna array, and the first feed port and the second feed port are alternately arranged around the center of the antenna array.

[0031] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, a communication device is provided, comprising the patch antenna as described in any one of the above items or the antenna array as described in any one of the above items.

[0032] The beneficial effects of the present disclosure are as follows:

[0033] The present disclosure provides a patch antenna, an antenna array, and a communication device. The patch antenna includes: a feed circuit, a slot floor, a first patch layer, a second patch layer, and a third patch layer stacked in sequence and spaced apart along the slot floor away from the feed circuit. The feed circuit includes two feed ports and an open-loop annular feed portion connecting the two feed ports. The slot floor is located on one side of the feed circuit. The slot floor is provided with a plurality of slots intersecting at one point. The slot floor is spaced apart from the feed circuit. The orthographic projection of the slot on the feed circuit at least partially overlaps with the open-loop annular feed portion. The first patch layer includes a first patch; the second patch layer includes a second patch; and the third patch layer includes a first annular patch. The feeding circuit and the slot floor form a feeding structure, which can realize the radiation of left-hand circularly polarized waves or right-hand circularly polarized waves by feeding one feeding port in the feeding circuit separately, and can realize the radiation of linearly polarized waves by feeding two feeding ports at the same time, thereby simplifying the structure of the polarization switchable antenna, and forming a radiation structure by setting the first patch layer, the second patch layer and the third patch layer, which is beneficial to reducing return loss and improving signal gain and impedance bandwidth. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the drawings introduced below are only some embodiments of the present disclosure. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0035] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a patch antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0036] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a top view of a feeding circuit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0037] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a top view of a slotted floor provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0038] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the overlapping structure of the feeding circuit and the slotted floor provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0039] FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a top view of the structure of the first patch layer provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0040] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of a top view of the second patch layer provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0041] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of a top view of the structure of the third patch layer provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0042] FIG8 is a schematic top view of the structure of a first dielectric plate provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0043] FIG9 is a schematic top view of the second dielectric plate provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0044] FIG10 is a schematic top view of the structure of a third dielectric plate provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0045] FIG11 is a second schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the patch antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0046] FIG12 is a third schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the patch antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0047] FIG13 is a graph showing a change in the S11 parameter of the patch antenna with respect to frequency according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0048] FIG14 is a Smith chart of the patch antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0049] FIG15 is a graph showing a change in the axial ratio of the patch antenna with respect to frequency according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0050] FIG16 is a graph showing a change in gain of a patch antenna as a function of frequency according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0051] FIG17 is a diagram showing a cross-polarization ratio simulation result of a patch antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0052] FIG18 is a second diagram of simulation results of the cross-polarization ratio of the patch antenna provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0053] FIG19 is a third diagram of simulation results of the cross-polarization ratio of the patch antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0054] FIG20 is a fourth diagram of simulation results of the cross-polarization ratio of the patch antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0055] FIG21 is a fifth diagram of simulation results of the cross-polarization ratio of the patch antenna provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0056] FIG22 is a second schematic diagram of a top view of a gap floor provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0057] FIG23 is a second graph showing a change in the axial ratio of the patch antenna as a function of frequency according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0058] FIG24 is a third schematic diagram of a top view of a gap floor provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0059] FIG25 is a second graph showing a change in the S11 parameter of the patch antenna with respect to frequency according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0060] FIG26 is a fourth schematic diagram of a top view of a gap floor provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0061] FIG27 is a third graph showing a change in the S11 parameter of the patch antenna with respect to frequency according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0062] FIG28 is a second schematic diagram of a top view of the structure of the second patch layer provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0063] FIG29 is a fourth graph showing a change in the S11 parameter of the patch antenna with respect to frequency according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0064] FIG30 is a second schematic diagram of a top view of the structure of the third patch layer provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0065] FIG31 is a fifth graph showing a change in the S11 parameter of the patch antenna with respect to frequency according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0066] FIG32 is a third schematic diagram of a top view of the structure of the third patch layer provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0067] FIG33 is a schematic diagram of the top view structure of the antenna array provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0068] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present disclosure more obvious and easy to understand, the present disclosure will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. However, the example embodiments can be implemented in various forms and should not be understood as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein; on the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the present disclosure more comprehensive and complete, and to fully convey the concepts of the example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same figure marks in the figures represent the same or similar structures, and their repeated descriptions will be omitted. The words expressing position and direction described in the present disclosure are all explained using the accompanying drawings as examples, but changes can be made as needed, and all changes are included in the scope of protection of the present disclosure. The drawings of the present disclosure are only used to illustrate relative position relationships and do not represent true proportions.

[0069] Antennas, which receive and transmit radio waves, face increasing demands for performance as wireless communication technology advances. For example, in satellite communication systems, circularly polarized waves are often used as the primary transmission medium. Circularly polarized waves effectively overcome polarization deviations caused by reflection and refraction during radio wave propagation, preventing signal loss due to polarization mismatch. They also exhibit minimal attenuation in rainy and snowy conditions, suppressing rain and fog interference and combating multipath interference.

[0070] Polarization-switchable antennas offer significant advantages in wireless communication systems, including multi-system operation, frequency reuse, and reduced signal attenuation. Currently, most polarization-switchable antennas utilize a switching structure, such as a PIN switch diode, and a circularly polarized structure with two-point feed and a 90° phase difference between the two ports. These complex antenna structures result in low bandwidth.

[0071] In view of this, the present disclosure provides a patch antenna that can simplify the circularly polarized antenna structure and improve the bandwidth of the patch antenna.

[0072] FIG1 is one of the schematic cross-sectional structural diagrams of the patch antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0073] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in FIG1 , the patch antenna includes: a feeding circuit 1 , a slot floor 2 , a first patch layer 3 , a second patch layer 4 and a third patch layer 5 .

[0074] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a top view of the structure of a feeding circuit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0075] The feeding circuit 1 includes two feeding ports and an open-loop annular feeding portion connecting the two feeding ports. For example, as shown in FIG2 , the feeding circuit 1 includes a first feeding port 11 and a second feeding port 12 arranged opposite to each other. In the patch antenna provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, one of the first feeding port 11 and the second feeding port 12 is fed separately, and the other port is connected to a load, so that the radiation of circularly polarized waves can be achieved; the first feeding port 11 and the second feeding port 12 are fed simultaneously, so that the radiation of linearly polarized waves can be achieved. That is, the patch antenna provided by the present disclosure can switch between different polarization directions by feeding different feeding ports. The open-loop annular feeding portion 13 is a ring structure with an opening K. At the position of the opening K, one end of the open-loop annular feeding portion 13 is connected to the first feeding port 11, and the other end is connected to the second feeding port 12. In a specific implementation, the open-loop annular feeding portion 13 can be a symmetrical structure, wherein the symmetrical structure includes common symmetrical structures such as axial symmetry, central symmetry or rotational symmetry, and the symmetrical structure usually has a geometric center. The open-loop feeder 13 has an axially symmetrical structure, symmetrical along a line L passing through both the geometric center of the open-loop feeder 13 and the center of the opening K. This facilitates improving the circular polarization effect of circularly polarized waves and increasing the axial ratio bandwidth of the patch antenna. Specifically, the ring structure of the open-loop feeder 13 can be circular, square, or diamond-shaped, without limitation. The feed circuit 1 can be made of a conductive material such as metal, specifically copper, aluminum, or the like, without limitation.

[0076] FIG3 is one of the schematic diagrams of the top view of the gap floor provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0077] The slot floor 2 is located on one side of the feed circuit 1. As shown in Figure 3, the slot floor 2 has multiple slots. The slot floor 2 is spaced apart from the feed circuit 1 so as not to directly contact it. The orthographic projection of each slot in the slot floor 2 on the feed circuit 1 at least partially overlaps with the open-loop feed section 13 of the feed circuit 1, thereby coupling out the signal at the intersection of the slot and the open-loop feed section 13.

[0078] Specifically, the orthographic projections of the multiple slots provided on the slot floor on the feeding circuit 1 overlap with the open-loop feeding portion 13 of the feeding circuit 1 at least at three different locations, thereby ensuring a larger coupling amount and a better circular polarization effect.

[0079] For example, as shown in Figure 4, the multiple slots on the slot floor 2 include a first slot 21 extending along the first direction X and a second slot 22 extending along the second direction Y. The first slot 21 and the second slot 22 intersect with each other and have an overlapping area at the intersection. The orthographic projections of the two ends of the first slot 21 on the feeding circuit 1 overlap with the open-loop ring feeding part 13, respectively, forming a first overlapping position D and a second overlapping position B. The orthographic projections of the two ends of the second slot 22 on the feeding circuit 1 overlap with the open-loop ring feeding part 13, respectively, forming a third overlapping position A and a third overlapping position C. When power is fed through the first feeding port 11 and the second feeding port 12 is connected to a load, a fixed phase difference can be generated between different overlapping positions along the direction of A→B→C→D, thereby realizing the radiation of right-handed circularly polarized waves. By feeding through the second feeding port 12 and connecting the first feeding port 11 to a load, a fixed phase difference can be generated between different overlapping positions along the direction of D→C→B→A, thereby achieving radiation of left-handed circularly polarized waves.

[0080] In some embodiments, the first direction X and the second direction Y are perpendicular to each other, so that the first slot 21 and the second slot 22 form a "+"-shaped slot that intersects each other. In a specific implementation, the size of the open-loop annular feed portion 13 can be adjusted to produce a 90° phase difference between the orthographic projection of the "+"-shaped slot on the feed circuit 1 and the two adjacent overlapping positions formed by the open-loop annular feed portion 13, thereby achieving the radiation of right-handed circularly polarized waves or left-handed circularly polarized waves. The first slot 21 and the second slot 22 are perpendicular to each other, and the orthographic projection of the first slot 21 and the second slot 22 on the feed circuit 1 and the overlapping position of the open-loop annular feed portion 13 have good symmetry, which is conducive to improving the circular polarization effect of the circularly polarized wave and increasing the axial ratio bandwidth.

[0081] In a specific implementation, the angle between the first slit 21 and the second slit 22 can be set between 0 and 90 degrees, which is not limited here. In some embodiments, by adjusting the length of the first slit 21, the orthographic projection of one end of the first slit 21 on the feed circuit 1 can overlap with the open-loop ring feeding portion 13, and the orthographic projection of the other end on the feed circuit 1 does not overlap with the open-loop ring feeding portion 13. In some embodiments, by adjusting the length of the first slit 22, the orthographic projection of one end of the second slit 21 on the feed circuit 1 can overlap with the open-loop ring feeding portion 13, and the orthographic projection of the other end on the feed circuit 1 does not overlap with the open-loop ring feeding portion 13, which is not limited here.

[0082] In some embodiments, the slots on the slot floor may be multiple through holes provided on the slot floor, and the orthographic projections of the through holes on the feed circuit 1 overlap with the open-loop ring feed portion 13. In a specific implementation, the slot floor may have at least three through holes provided thereon, the orthographic projections of the through holes on the feed circuit 1 overlapping with different positions of the open-loop ring feed portion 13. For example, the number of through holes may be exactly three, or greater than three, and this is not limited herein.

[0083] In a specific implementation, the slots on the slot floor may also be slots of other shapes or forms, as long as they can couple out circularly polarized waves, and no limitation is made here.

[0084] In specific implementation, the slot floor 2 can be made of conductive materials such as metal, specifically copper, aluminum, etc., which are not limited here. The shape of the slot floor 2 can be set according to actual needs, such as a circle, etc., which are not limited here.

[0085] As shown in Figure 1, the first patch layer 3, the second patch layer 4, and the third patch layer 5 are stacked sequentially along the slot floor panel 2, away from the feed circuit. The first patch layer 3 is spaced apart from the slot floor panel 2, thereby avoiding direct contact with the slot floor panel 2. The second patch layer 4 is spaced apart from the first patch layer 3 and the third patch layer 5, respectively, thereby avoiding direct contact with the first patch layer 3 and the third patch layer 5. The spacing between the first patch layer 2, the second patch layer 4, and the third patch layer 5 can be adjusted based on the target frequency band of the patch antenna and the cross-sectional dimensions of the patch antenna, and is not limited here.

[0086] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the top structure of the first patch layer provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 6 is one of the schematic diagrams of the top structure of the second patch layer provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 7 is one of the schematic diagrams of the top structure of the third patch layer provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0087] As shown in Figures 5 to 7, first patch layer 3 includes first patches 31, second patch layer 4 includes second patches 41, and third patch layer 5 includes first annular patches 51. First patches 31, second patches 41, and first annular patches 51 form a radiating structure. By adjusting the sizes of second patches 41 and first annular patches 51, as well as the distance between the patch layers, the beam shape of the signal beam coupled out through the slotted floor panel 2 can be adjusted, reducing return loss and thereby increasing the antenna impedance bandwidth.

[0088] The first patch layer 3, the second patch layer 4 and the third patch layer 5 can all be made of conductive materials, such as copper, aluminum, etc. The materials of the first patch layer 3, the second patch layer 4 and the third patch layer 5 can be the same or different, and can be set according to actual conditions, which is not limited here. The shapes of the first patch 31 and the second patch 41 can be set according to actual conditions. For example, as shown in Figure 5, the first patch 31 can be set to a circle; as shown in Figure 6, the shape of the second patch 41 can be set to a circle; as shown in Figure 7, the shape of the first annular patch can be set to a circular ring shape. In some embodiments, the first patch 31 and the second patch 41 can be set to a square or a square with cut corners, etc., which is not limited here. The shape of the first annular patch 51 can be designed as a square ring structure, etc. according to actual needs, which is not limited here.

[0089] As shown in Figures 5 and 6, both the first patch 31 and the second patch 41 can be solid patches. A solid patch is characterized by being continuously disposed throughout the coverage area, without discontinuous areas such as openings or breaks. In some embodiments, at least one of the first patch 31 and the second patch 41 can also have an opening or other structure, which is not limited here.

[0090] In the disclosed embodiment, the feed circuit and the slotted floorboard form a feed structure. By feeding one feed port in the feed circuit separately and connecting the other feed port to a load, radiation of left-handed circularly polarized waves or right-handed circularly polarized waves can be achieved. By feeding both feed ports simultaneously, radiation of linearly polarized waves can be achieved. Compared to polarization-switchable antennas in related technologies, there is no need to provide structures such as switching diodes, simplifying the structure of polarization-switchable antennas. Furthermore, by providing a first patch layer, a second patch layer, and a third patch layer to form a radiation structure, return loss can be reduced and signal gain and impedance bandwidth can be improved.

[0091] In some embodiments, the orthographic projections of the geometric centers of the first annular patch 51, the second patch 41, and the first patch 31 on the plane of the feed circuit 1 coincide with the geometric center of the open-loop annular feed portion 13 of the feed circuit 1 to achieve a better radiation effect. For example, the first patch 31, the second patch 32, and the first annular patch 51 can all be symmetrical structures, where symmetrical structures include common symmetrical structures such as axial symmetry, central symmetry, or rotational symmetry. A symmetrical structure generally has a geometric center. For example, the first patch 31 and the second patch 32 are both circular, the first annular patch is annular, and the open-loop annular feeding portion of the feeding circuit 1 can be annular with an opening, wherein the geometric center of the complete annular shape formed by the open-loop annular feeding portion of the feeding circuit 1 can be regarded as the geometric center of the open-loop annular feeding portion, and the orthographic projections of the geometric centers of the first annular patch 51, the second patch 41, and the first patch 31 on the plane where the feeding circuit 1 is located all coincide with the geometric center of the open-loop annular feeding portion 13 of the feeding circuit 1, thereby facilitating the uniform radiation of electromagnetic wave signals to the outside world from all directions on the antenna surface, thereby improving the signal radiation quality. Furthermore, the multiple slots on the slot floor 2 can intersect at one point, and the multiple slots coincide at the intersection point. The intersection point of the multiple slots on the slot floor 2 and the geometric center of the first annular patch 51, the geometric center of the second patch 41, and the orthographic projection of the geometric center of the first patch 31 on the plane where the feeding circuit 1 is located all coincide with the geometric center of the open-loop feeding portion 13 of the feeding circuit 1.

[0092] In some embodiments, the size of the inner ring of the first annular patch 51 is slightly larger than the size of the second patch 41, so that the positive projection of the second patch 41 on the third patch layer 5 is located within the area where the inner ring of the first annular patch 51 is located, which is beneficial for the first annular patch 51 to fully receive the electromagnetic wave signal radiated by the second patch 41 and improve the signal gain.

[0093] In some embodiments, the size of the second patch 41 is slightly larger than that of the first patch 31, so that the positive projection of the first patch 31 on the second patch layer 4 is located within the area where the second patch 41 is located, which is beneficial for the second patch 41 to fully receive the electromagnetic wave signal radiated by the first patch 31 and improve the signal gain.

[0094] For example, as shown in Figures 5 to 7 , the first annular patch 51 is annular in shape, the inner ring of the first annular patch 51 is circular, and the inner ring diameter of the first annular patch 51 is R3. The second patch 41 is circular in shape, and the diameter of the second patch 41 is R2. The first patch 31 is circular in shape, and the diameter of the first patch 31 is R1. The inner ring of the first annular patch 51 is slightly larger than the second patch 41, specifically, the inner ring diameter R3 of the first annular patch 51 is larger than the diameter R2 of the second patch 41. The second patch 41 is slightly larger than the first patch 31, specifically, the diameter R2 of the second patch 41 is larger than the diameter R1 of the first patch 31.

[0095] When the first annular patch 51, the first patch 31, and the second patch 42 are of other shapes, the relative sizes of the patches can be set with reference to the settings shown in the embodiments of Figures 5 to 7. For example, the shape of the first annular patch 51 can be a square ring structure, and the side length of the square of the inner ring of the first annular patch 51 is L1. The shape of the second patch 41 is a square, and the side length of the second patch 41 is L2. The shape of the first patch 31 is a square, and the side length of the first patch 31 is L3. Then, in the specific setting, the side length L1 of the square of the inner ring of the first annular patch 51 can be set to be greater than the side length L2 of the second patch 41, and the side length L2 of the second patch 41 can be greater than the side length L3 of the first patch 31. In a specific implementation, at least two of the shapes of the first patch 31, the second patch 41, and the inner ring of the first annular patch 51 can be set to different shapes. For example, in some embodiments, the shape of the first patch 31 can be set to a square, the shape of the second patch 41 can be set to a square, and the shape of the inner ring of the first annular patch 51 can be set to a circle. In some embodiments, the shape of the first patch 31 can be set to a circle, the shape of the second patch 41 can be set to a circle, and the shape of the inner ring of the first annular patch 51 can be set to a square, etc. The shapes of the first patch 31, the shape of the second patch 41, and the shape of the inner ring of the first annular patch 51 can also be set to other shapes, which are not detailed here.

[0096] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 1, the patch antenna further includes a first dielectric plate 6. The first dielectric plate 6 is located on one side of the feed circuit 1. The slot floor 2 is located on the side of the first dielectric plate 6 facing the feed circuit 1, and the first patch layer 3 is located on the side of the first dielectric plate 6 facing away from the feed circuit 1. During fabrication, the slot floor 2 and the first patch layer 3 can be directly formed on the surface of the first dielectric plate 6 by coating. For example, during fabrication, metal material can be directly deposited on both sides of the first dielectric plate 6 by sputtering deposition to form a film layer for the slot floor 2 and a film layer for the first patch layer 3. The shapes of the slot floor 2 and the first patch layer 3 are then formed by a patterning process. The patterning process includes steps such as exposure, development, and etching, which are relatively mature in the relevant art and will not be described in detail here. In some embodiments, the slot floor 2 and the first patch layer 3 can also be prefabricated. During assembly of the patch antenna, the slot floor 2 and the first patch layer 3 can then be attached to the two sides of the first dielectric plate 6 by adhesive or other means, but this is not limited to this. The gap floor 2 and the first patch layer 3 are attached to two opposite surfaces of the first dielectric plate 6 and supported by the first dielectric plate 6, which is beneficial to improving the stability of the patch antenna structure and reducing the difficulty of installation. The first dielectric plate 6 uses a dielectric material with low dielectric loss, such as a dielectric material with a relative dielectric constant close to that of air, thereby reducing the loss of electromagnetic wave signals during propagation. For example, the first dielectric plate 6 can be made of a material such as foam plastic with a relative dielectric constant of 1 to 5, which is not limited here. The shape of the first dielectric plate 6 can be set according to needs. For example, when applied to a circular patch antenna, the shape of the first dielectric plate 6 can be circular. In some embodiments, the shape of the first dielectric plate 6 can also be other shapes such as square, which is not limited here.

[0097] FIG8 is a schematic diagram of a top view of the structure of the first dielectric plate provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0098] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 1 and 8, the first dielectric plate 6 is provided with a plurality of first via holes H1 arranged around the first patch layer 3. A first isolation column 9 is provided in the first via hole H1. The first isolation column 9 is connected to the slot floor 2. In a specific implementation, the positive projection of the slot on the slot floor 2 on the first dielectric plate 6 is located within the area surrounded by the plurality of first via holes H1. The first isolation column 9 is used to shield the electromagnetic wave signal coupled out of the slot of the slot floor 2, prevent the electromagnetic wave signal from diffusing to the outside world, increase the isolation between the antenna and the outside world, thereby improving the antenna gain and reducing crosstalk. For example, when multiple patch antennas are arrayed, the crosstalk between each patch antenna can be reduced. The first isolation column 9 can be made of conductive materials such as metal, for example, copper, aluminum, etc., which are not limited here. The shape and number of the first isolation column 9 can be set according to actual needs and are not limited here.

[0099] In some embodiments, the first spacer 9 can be a hollow spacer. The first spacer 9 is formed by plating a layer of metal on the wall surface of the first via hole H1 defined in the first dielectric plate 6. During fabrication, the metal material can be deposited on the sidewalls of the first via hole H1 and on the surface of the gap floor 2 exposed by the first via hole H1 using a coating method such as sputtering deposition, thereby connecting the first spacer 9 to the gap floor 2. After the coating, the metal material adheres to the sidewall surfaces of the first via hole H1 and the surface of the gap floor 2, but does not completely fill the first via hole H1, thereby forming a hollow spacer.

[0100] In some embodiments, the first spacer columns 9 may be solid spacer columns. During the manufacturing process, the solid spacer columns completely fill the first via holes H1 defined in the first dielectric plate 6 and may be flush with the surface of the first dielectric plate 6. In some embodiments, some of the plurality of first spacer columns 9 may be hollow spacer columns, while the remaining portion may be solid spacer columns, which is not a limitation herein.

[0101] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 1, the patch antenna further includes a second dielectric plate 7. The second dielectric plate 7 is positioned between the first patch layer 3 and the second patch layer 4. The second dielectric plate 7 fills the gap between the first patch layer 3 and the second patch layer 4, providing support and load-bearing functions. This helps improve the stability of the patch antenna structure and reduce installation difficulty. In specific implementations, the second dielectric plate 7 is made of a dielectric material with low dielectric loss, such as a dielectric material with a relative dielectric constant close to that of air, thereby reducing electromagnetic wave signal loss during propagation. For example, the second dielectric plate 7 can be made of a material such as foam plastic with a relative dielectric constant of 1 to 1.5, although this is not limited here. The shape of the second dielectric plate 7 can be customized. For example, in a circular patch antenna, the second dielectric plate 7 can be circular. In some embodiments, the second dielectric plate 7 can also be square or other shapes, although this is not limited here. In some embodiments, the shape and size of the second dielectric plate 7 can be the same as those of the first dielectric plate 6, although this is not limited here. In specific implementations, the second dielectric plate 7 can be a single-layer or multi-layer structure, although this is not limited here. For example, the second dielectric plate 7 may be formed by stacking a plurality of dielectric plates made of the same material or different materials, and the stacked plurality of dielectric plates are all made of dielectric materials with low dielectric loss.

[0102] In some embodiments, the first patch layer 3 and the second patch layer 4 can also be directly made on the surface of the second dielectric plate 7 by coating. For example, during the specific production, metal materials can be directly deposited on both sides of the second dielectric plate 7 by sputtering deposition or other methods to form the film layer of the first patch layer 3 and the film layer of the second patch layer 4, and then the shape of the gap floor 2 and the shape of the first patch layer 3 are formed respectively by a patterning process. After the first patch layer 3 is formed on the surface of the second dielectric plate 7 by coating, the first patch layer 3 and the first dielectric plate 6 can be bonded by adhesive glue or other methods when assembling the patch antenna, which is not limited here. The first patch layer 3 and the second patch layer 4 can also be made separately, and then attached to the second dielectric plate 7 by adhesive glue or other methods, which will not be elaborated here.

[0103] FIG9 is a schematic top view of the structure of the second dielectric plate provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0104] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 1 and 9, the second dielectric plate 7 is provided with a plurality of second via holes H2. A second isolation column 10 is provided in the second via hole H2. The orthographic projections of the first patch layer 3 and the second patch layer 4 on the second dielectric plate 7 are both located within the area surrounded by the second via hole H2. The second isolation column 10 is used to shield the electromagnetic wave signal coupled out by the first patch layer 3, prevent the electromagnetic wave signal from diffusing to the outside world, increase the isolation between the antenna and the outside world, thereby improving the antenna gain and reducing crosstalk. For example, when multiple patch antennas are arrayed, the crosstalk between each patch antenna can be reduced. The second isolation column 10 can be made of conductive materials such as metal, for example, copper, aluminum, etc., which are not limited here. The shape and number of the second isolation column 10 can be set according to actual needs and are not limited here.

[0105] In some embodiments, the second spacer 10 may be a hollow spacer. The second spacer 10 is formed by plating a layer of metal on the wall surface of the second via hole H2 formed in the second dielectric plate 7. During fabrication, the metal material may be formed on the sidewall of the second via hole H2 by sputtering deposition or other methods. The metal material adheres to the sidewall surface of the second via hole H2 but does not completely fill the first via hole H2, thereby forming a hollow spacer.

[0106] In some embodiments, the second spacer columns 10 may also be solid spacer columns. During the manufacturing process, the solid spacer columns completely fill the second via holes and may be flush with the surface of the second dielectric plate 7. In some embodiments, some of the plurality of second spacer columns 10 may be hollow spacer columns, while the remaining portion may be solid spacer columns. This is not a limitation herein.

[0107] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 1, 8, and 9, the second via H2 provided on the second dielectric plate 7 corresponds one-to-one to the first via H1 provided on the first dielectric plate 6. The orthographic projection of the second via H2 on the first dielectric plate 6 at least partially overlaps with the corresponding first via H1. Thus, the second isolation column 10 provided in the second via H2 corresponds one-to-one to the first isolation column 9 provided in the first via H1, and the orthographic projections of the corresponding first isolation columns 9 and second isolation columns 10 overlap with each other. Specifically, when depositing metal material in the second via H2 to form the second isolation column 10, in the overlapping area of ​​the first via H1 and the second via H2, the metal material is deposited on a portion of the surface of the first isolation column 9 within the overlapping area, thereby interconnecting the second isolation column 10 with the corresponding first isolation column 9, which is beneficial to further improve the shielding effect.

[0108] FIG10 is a schematic top view of the structure of the third dielectric plate provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0109] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 1 and 10, the patch antenna further includes a third dielectric plate 8. The second patch layer 4 is located on the side of the third dielectric plate 8 facing the first patch layer 3. The third patch layer 5 is located on the side of the third dielectric plate 8 facing away from the first patch layer 3. The third dielectric plate 8 provides support between the second patch layer 4 and the third patch layer 5, thereby improving the stability of the patch antenna structure and reducing installation difficulty. The third dielectric plate 8 is made of a dielectric material with low dielectric loss, such as a dielectric material with a relative dielectric constant close to that of air, thereby reducing electromagnetic wave signal loss during propagation. For example, the third dielectric plate 8 can be made of a material such as foam plastic with a relative dielectric constant of 1 to 5, although this is not limited here. The shape of the third dielectric plate 8 can be customized. For example, in a circular patch antenna, the third dielectric plate 8 can be circular. In some embodiments, the third dielectric plate 8 can also be square or other shapes, although this is not limited here. In specific implementations, the shape and dimensions of the third dielectric plate 8 can be the same as those of the first dielectric plate 6 or the second dielectric plate 7, although this is not limited here.

[0110] In some embodiments, the second patch layer 4 and the third patch layer 5 can also be directly produced on the surface of the third dielectric plate 8 by coating. For example, during the specific production, metal materials can be directly deposited on both sides of the third dielectric plate 8 by sputtering deposition or other methods to form the film layer of the second patch layer 4 and the film layer of the third patch layer 5, and then the shape of the second patch layer 4 and the shape of the third patch layer 5 are formed respectively by a patterning process. After the second patch layer 4 is formed on the surface of the third dielectric plate 8 by coating, the second patch layer 4 and the second dielectric plate 7 can be bonded by adhesive or other methods during assembly, which is not limited here. The second patch layer 4 and the third patch layer 5 can also be produced separately and then attached to the third dielectric plate 8 by adhesive or other methods, which will not be described in detail here.

[0111] In some embodiments, at least one of the first dielectric plate 6, the second dielectric plate 7, and the third dielectric plate 8 can be omitted, so that at least one dielectric layer between the gap floor 2 and the first patch layer 3, between the first patch layer 3 and the second patch layer 4, and between the second patch layer 4 and the third patch layer 5 is an air dielectric layer. Air has low dielectric loss, which helps reduce electromagnetic wave signal transmission loss. When the dielectric layer is an air dielectric layer, an insulating support structure can be provided between the film layers on both sides of the air dielectric layer for support.

[0112] FIG11 is a second schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the patch antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; FIG12 is a third schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the patch antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0113] For example, in the embodiment shown in FIG11 , the difference from the embodiment shown in FIG1 is that no second dielectric plate 7 is provided between the first metal patch layer 3 and the second metal patch layer 4, that is, the medium between the first patch layer 3 and the second patch layer 4 is air, forming an air dielectric layer, which is beneficial for reducing dielectric loss and improving signal gain. As shown in FIG11 , the first metal patch layer 3 and the second metal patch layer 4 can be supported by providing a plurality of mutually independent and spaced plastic support columns s between the first metal patch layer 3 and the second metal patch layer 4 to ensure the spacing distance between the first metal patch layer 3 and the second metal patch layer 4. In a specific implementation, the two ends of the plastic support column s can be fixed to the first metal patch layer 3 and the second metal patch layer 4 respectively by adhesive glue or the like, which is not limited here.

[0114] In the embodiment shown in FIG12 , the difference from the embodiment shown in FIG11 is that the first dielectric plate 6 is not provided between the slot floor 2 and the first metal patch layer 3. That is, the medium between the slot floor 2 and the first metal patch layer 3 is air, forming an air dielectric layer, which is beneficial for reducing dielectric loss and improving signal gain. As shown in FIG12 , the isolation column M (equivalent to the first isolation column 9 and the second isolation column 10) can be directly formed on the surface of the slot floor 2. For example, the isolation column M and the slot floor 2 can be integrally formed by molding or other methods. The isolation column M can also be used to provide support between the slot floor 2 and the third dielectric plate 7 to fix the spacing between the slot floor 2 and the first metal patch layer 3. The isolation column M can be fixed to the third dielectric plate 7 by adhesive or other methods, which is not limited here.

[0115] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG1 , a first air dielectric layer and a plurality of spaced-apart first support structures 101 are provided between the feed circuit 1 and the slot floor 2. Specifically, the medium between the feed circuit 1 and the slot floor 2 is air, thereby forming a first air dielectric layer, and the feed circuit 1 can be an air microstrip line, which is beneficial for reducing dielectric loss and improving transmission efficiency. As shown in FIG1 , one end of the first support structure 101 is fixed to the feed circuit 1 by means of adhesive glue or the like, and the other end is fixed to the slot floor 2 by means of adhesive glue or the like, for fixing the spacing distance between the feed circuit 1 and the slot floor 2. In some embodiments, the other end of the first support structure 101 can also be fixed to the first dielectric plate 6 by means of adhesive glue or the like, which is not limited here. In specific implementation, the first support structure 101 can be made of insulating materials such as plastic to form a plastic support column, which is not limited here.

[0116] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 1, the patch antenna further includes a reflective floor 103. Reflective floor 103 is located on the side of the feed circuit 1 facing away from the slotted base plate 2 and is spaced apart from the feed circuit. Reflective floor 103 reflects back-radiated electromagnetic wave signals, thereby reducing losses and increasing antenna gain. Reflective floor 103 can be made of a conductive material such as metal, specifically copper or aluminum, though this is not a limitation. The shape of reflective floor 103 can be customized based on actual needs, for example, circular, though this is not a limitation.

[0117] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 1 , a second air dielectric layer is provided between the reflective floor 103 and the feed circuit 1. Multiple spaced-apart second support structures 102 are fixed to the side of the reflective floor 103 facing the feed circuit 1. In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 1 , one end of the second support structure 102 is fixed to the first dielectric plate 6 and the other end is fixed to the reflective floor 103, thereby fixing the distance between the reflective floor 103 and the feed circuit 1. In some embodiments, one end of the second support structure 102 can be fixed to the feed circuit 1 (not shown) and the other end to the reflective floor 103, thereby fixing the distance between the reflective floor 103 and the feed circuit 1. In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 12 , one end of the second support structure 102 can be fixed to the third dielectric plate 8 and the other end to the reflective floor 103, thereby fixing the distance between the reflective floor 103 and the feed circuit 1, although this is not limited here. In specific implementations, the second support structure 102 can be made of an insulating material such as plastic, thereby forming a plastic support column, although this is not limited here.

[0118] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, a simulation test was conducted on the performance of the patch antenna provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure. The performance of the patch antenna provided by the present disclosure is illustrated below by a specific embodiment. It should be noted that the patch antenna for testing provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure is only used to further illustrate the performance of the patch antenna provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, and it does not serve as a limitation to the embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, when the patch antenna provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure is made into a specific product, different products made according to the embodiment of the present disclosure may have different cross-sectional heights and operating frequency bands. For patch antennas with different cross-sectional heights and operating in different operating frequency bands, by adjusting the specific parameters of each structure in the patch antenna on the basis of the patch antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, the patch antenna can have better radiation performance, which will not be listed one by one here. For example, the main parameters of the patch antenna used for testing are as follows:

[0119] The thickness of the reflective floor 103 is 0.018 (± 0.002) mm; the distance between the reflective floor 103 and the feed circuit 1 is 0.5 (± 0.05) mm; the thickness of the feed circuit 1 is 0.018 (± 0.002) mm; the distance between the feed circuit 1 and the slot floor 2 is 0.15 (± 0.05) mm; the slot floor 2 is provided with a first slot 21 and a second slot 22 which are perpendicular to each other and intersect with each other, the orthographic projections of the two ends of the first slot 21 on the feed circuit overlap with the open-loop feeding portion, the length of the first slot 21 is 7.25 (± 0.05) mm, the width is 1 (± 0.05) mm, the orthographic projections of the two ends of the second slot 22 on the feed circuit overlap with the open-loop feeding portion, The ring-shaped feed portion overlaps, the length of the second gap 22 is 7.25 (± 0.05) mm, and the width is 1 (± 0.05) mm; the thickness of the gap floor 2 is 0.018 (± 0.002) mm; the dielectric constant of the first dielectric plate 6 is 3 (± 0.25) and the thickness is 0.3 (± 0.05) mm; the number of the first isolation columns 9 is 72; the first patch 31 is a solid patch, which is circular in shape, with a diameter of 6.5 (± 0.1) mm and a thickness of 0.018 (± 0.002) mm; the dielectric constant of the second dielectric plate 7 is 1.25 (± 0.25) and the thickness is 0.7 (± 0.1) mm; the second patch 41 is a solid patch, which is circular in shape, with a diameter of 7.5 The diameter of the patch antenna is (±0.1) mm, and the thickness is 0.018 (±0.002) mm. The dielectric constant of the third dielectric layer 8 is 3 (±0.25), and the thickness is 0.325 (±0.025) mm. The first annular patch 51 is circular, with an inner diameter of 11.5 (±0.5) mm, an outer diameter of 15 (±1) mm, and a thickness of 0.018 (±0.002) mm. The overall cross-sectional height of the patch antenna is approximately 0.12λ. The target frequency band is 16 GHz to 18 GHz, where λ is the wavelength of the center frequency. The values ​​in parentheses represent errors that may occur during measurement, calculation, or manufacturing.

[0120] FIG13 is one of the curve diagrams showing the variation of the S11 parameter of the patch antenna with frequency provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0121] Figure 13 shows the S11 parameter variation curve of the patch antenna used for testing as a function of frequency. S11 reflects the antenna's return loss; the smaller the S11, the lower the return loss. As can be seen from the figure, within the frequency range of 13.21 GHz to 19.96 GHz, the patch antenna's S11 is below -10 dB. The patch antenna has low return loss over a wide bandwidth, meeting the low return loss requirements within the target frequency band of 16 GHz to 18 GHz. Its relative bandwidth (the ratio of the bandwidth where the return loss is below -10 dB to the center frequency) is: Greater than 30%, with better low return loss performance.

[0122] FIG14 is a Smith chart of the patch antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0123] Figure 14 shows the Smith chart of the patch antenna used in the test. As can be seen from the figure, the patch antenna used in the test has good convergence at the center frequency and good antenna matching.

[0124] FIG15 is one of the curve diagrams showing the change of the axial ratio of the patch antenna with frequency according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0125] Figure 15 shows the axial ratio curve of the patch antenna used for testing, when fed from a single feed port. The axial ratio measures the degree of circular polarization of a circularly polarized antenna. The axial ratio bandwidth is generally defined as the bandwidth where the axial ratio is no greater than 3dB. As can be seen from the figure, the patch antenna exhibits excellent circular polarization performance with an axial ratio of less than 3 in the target frequency band of 16 GHz to 18 GHz.

[0126] FIG16 is a graph showing how the gain of the patch antenna varies with frequency according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0127] Figure 16 shows the gain variation of the patch antenna used in the test over frequency. As can be seen from the figure, in the target frequency band of the patch antenna, the gain in the main polarization direction (circular polarization) is greater than 3.01 dB, and the gain in the cross-polarization direction (linear polarization) is less than -10 dB. The patch antenna has a high gain in the main polarization direction and is much greater than the gain in the cross-polarization direction, demonstrating good radiation performance in the main polarization direction.

[0128] FIG17 is one of the cross-polarization ratio simulation result diagrams of the patch antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0129] Figure 17 shows the simulation results of the cross-polarization ratio of the patch antenna used for testing, fed through the first feed port, with the main polarization form being right-hand circular polarization and the operating frequency at 16 GHz. The cross-polarization ratio is used to reflect the polarization purity of the antenna and is specifically defined as the ratio of the main polarization component to the cross-polarization component. A larger cross-polarization ratio indicates greater orthogonality of the signals obtained from the antenna and less correlation between the two signals. As can be seen from the figure, at an operating frequency of 16 GHz, the cross-polarization ratio of the patch antenna is m3-m4=3.7296dB-(-17.8291dB)=21.5587dB. The cross-polarization ratio of the patch antenna is greater than 20dB, indicating high polarization purity.

[0130] FIG18 is a second diagram of the cross-polarization ratio simulation results of the patch antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0131] Figure 18 shows the simulated cross-polarization ratio of the patch antenna used for testing, fed through the first feed port, with right-hand circular polarization as the primary polarization, and operating at a frequency of 17 GHz. As can be seen from the figure, at an operating frequency of 17 GHz, the cross-polarization ratio of the patch antenna is m3 - m4 = 6.3977 dB - (-14.7817 dB) = 21.1794 dB. The cross-polarization ratio of the patch antenna is greater than 20 dB, indicating high polarization purity.

[0132] FIG19 is a third diagram of the cross-polarization ratio simulation results of the patch antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0133] Figure 19 shows the simulated cross-polarization ratio results for the patch antenna used for testing, fed through the second feed port, with left-hand circular polarization as the primary polarization, and operating at a 16 GHz frequency. As can be seen from the figure, at a 16 GHz operating frequency, the cross-polarization ratio of the patch antenna is m4 - m3 = 3.7274 dB - (-17.4811 dB) = 21.2085 dB. The cross-polarization ratio of the patch antenna is greater than 20 dB, indicating high polarization purity.

[0134] FIG20 is a fourth diagram of the cross-polarization ratio simulation results of the patch antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0135] Figure 20 shows the simulated cross-polarization ratio results for the patch antenna used for testing, fed through the second feed port, with left-hand circular polarization as the primary polarization, and operating at a frequency of 17 GHz. As can be seen from the figure, at an operating frequency of 17 GHz, the cross-polarization ratio of the patch antenna is m4 - m3 = 6.3969 dB - (-14.3139 dB) = 20.7108 dB. The cross-polarization ratio of the patch antenna is greater than 20 dB, indicating high polarization purity.

[0136] FIG21 is the fifth diagram of the cross-polarization ratio simulation results of the patch antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0137] Figure 21 shows the axial ratio variation with frequency for the tested patch antenna when powered simultaneously through the first and second feed ports. The figure shows that when powered simultaneously through the first and second feed ports, the axial ratio of the patch antenna is significantly greater than 3dB within the target frequency band, and the primary polarization is linear, indicating that the patch antenna can switch between circular and linear polarization modes.

[0138] The simulation results shown in FIG. 13 to FIG. 21 indicate that the patch antenna provided by the present disclosure has polarization switchability and good radiation performance.

[0139] FIG22 is a second schematic diagram of the top view structure of the slotted floor provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; FIG23 is a second curve diagram of the axial ratio change of the patch antenna with frequency provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0140] In some embodiments, the radiation performance of the patch antenna can be further optimized by adjusting the size of the slots on the slot floor 2 or the size of the patch. For example, as shown in FIG22 , the size of the slots on the slot floor 2 is optimized. Compared with the patch antenna in the embodiment corresponding to FIG15 , the structure of the patch antenna is basically the same. The slot floor 2 still uses a first slot 21 and a second slot 22 that are perpendicular to each other, and the lengths of the first slot 21 and the second slot 22 remain unchanged. The difference is that in the embodiment shown in FIG22 , the width W2 of the first slot 21 and the second slot 22 after optimization is 0.4 (±0.05) mm. The radiation performance of the optimized patch antenna was simulated and tested. As shown in FIG23 , the axial ratio of the optimized patch antenna is plotted as a function of frequency. As can be seen from the figure, the axial ratio bandwidth of the optimized patch antenna is further improved.

[0141] FIG24 is a third schematic diagram of the top view structure of the slotted floor provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; FIG25 is a second graph showing the variation of the S11 parameter of the patch antenna with frequency in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0142] In some embodiments, the multiple slots on the slot floor 2 are disconnected at their intersections, further improving the radiation performance of the patch antenna. For example, referring to FIG. 24 , the patch antenna structure in the embodiment shown in FIG. 24 is substantially identical to that of the corresponding embodiment in FIG. 13 . The slot floor 2 still utilizes a first slot and a second slot perpendicular to each other. The difference is that in the embodiment shown in FIG. 24 , the first slot and the second slot are disconnected at their intersections, resulting in the first slot comprising a first sub-slot 211 and a second sub-slot 212 spaced apart, and the second slot comprising a third sub-slot 221 and a fourth sub-slot 222 spaced apart. Simulation tests were conducted on the patch antenna in the embodiment shown in FIG. 24 , as shown in FIG. 25 , which illustrates a curve of the S11 parameter versus frequency for the patch antenna in the embodiment shown in FIG. 24 . The figure shows that the S11 value of the patch antenna in the embodiment shown in FIG. 24 is less than 10 dB over a wider bandwidth, further reducing return loss and improving impedance bandwidth.

[0143] FIG26 is a fourth schematic diagram of the top view structure of the slotted floor provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; FIG27 is a third graph showing the variation of the S11 parameter of the patch antenna with frequency in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0144] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG26 , the slot floor 2 includes a first slot 211 and a second slot 212 extending along a first direction X and a second direction Y that are perpendicular to each other, respectively, and also includes a third slot 213 located between the first slot 211 and the second slot 212 and extending along a direction between the angle formed by the first direction X and the second direction Y. The third slot 213 helps increase the outcoupling of electromagnetic wave signals from the patch antenna, thereby improving radiation performance. The number of third slots 213 can be one or more, and is not limited here. For example, in the embodiment shown in FIG26 , there are two third slots 213, one of which is located between the angle formed by the positive direction of the first direction X (the direction indicated by the arrow) and the positive direction of the second direction Y (the direction indicated by the arrow), and passes through the intersection of multiple slots. The other third slot 213 is located between the angle formed by the positive direction of the first direction X and the reverse direction of the second direction Y (the direction opposite to the direction indicated by the arrow), and does not pass through the intersection of multiple slots, but is located only on one side of the intersection of multiple slots. In the specific configuration, the orthographic projections of both ends of the first slot 211 and both ends of the second slot 221 on the feed circuit overlap with the open-loop feed portion. The orthographic projections of both ends of the third slot 213 located between the angle formed by the positive direction of the first direction X and the positive direction of the second direction Y on the feed circuit overlap with the open-loop feed portion. For the third slot 213 located between the angle formed by the positive direction of the first direction X and the negative direction of the second direction Y, the orthographic projection of the end thereof away from the intersection formed by the intersection of the multiple slots on the feed circuit overlaps with the open-loop feed portion. No slot is provided on the side of the third slot 213 opposite the intersection of the multiple slots, and this position corresponds to the opening position of the open-loop feed portion. A simulation test was conducted on the patch antenna in the embodiment shown in FIG26. The structure of the patch antenna is substantially the same as that of the patch antenna in the embodiment corresponding to FIG13, except that the number of slots on the slot floor 2 is different. As shown in FIG27 , a curve showing the variation of the S11 parameter of the patch antenna in the embodiment shown in FIG26 with frequency is shown. As can be seen from the figure, while improving the outcoupling amount of electromagnetic wave signals, the patch antenna still has a low return loss within the target frequency band, further improving the radiation performance of the patch antenna.

[0145] FIG28 is a second schematic diagram of the top view structure of the second patch layer provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; FIG29 is a fourth curve diagram of the change of the S11 parameter of the patch antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure with frequency.

[0146] In some embodiments, the second patch layer further includes at least one second annular patch. The second annular patch is arranged around the second patch. The second annular patch serves as an auxiliary structure, which is beneficial to further improve the isolation of the antenna and improve the impedance bandwidth of the patch antenna. For example, as shown in FIG28 , the second patch layer 4 includes a second patch 41 and a second annular patch 42, and the second annular patch 42 is arranged around the second patch 41. The patch antenna in the embodiment shown in FIG28 was simulated and tested, wherein the structure of the patch antenna is basically the same as the structure of the patch antenna in the embodiment corresponding to FIG13 , except that a second annular patch is added to the second patch layer. As shown in FIG29 , the curve of the S11 parameter of the patch antenna in the embodiment shown in FIG28 versus frequency is shown. It can be seen from the figure that the patch antenna still has a low return loss within the target frequency band and has excellent radiation performance.

[0147] FIG30 is a second schematic diagram of the top view structure of the third patch layer provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; FIG31 is a fifth curve diagram of the change of the S11 parameter of the patch antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure with frequency.

[0148] In some embodiments, the third patch layer further includes at least one third annular patch. The third annular patch is arranged around the first annular patch. The third annular patch serves as an auxiliary structure, which is conducive to further improving the isolation of the antenna and improving the impedance bandwidth of the patch antenna. For example, as shown in Figure 30, the third patch layer 5 includes a first annular patch 51 and a third annular patch 52. The third annular patch 52 is arranged around the first annular patch 51 and does not contact the first annular patch 51. The patch antenna in the embodiment shown in Figure 30 was simulated and tested, wherein the structure of the patch antenna is basically the same as the structure of the patch antenna in the embodiment corresponding to Figure 13, the difference being that a third annular patch is added to the third patch layer. As shown in Figure 31, the curve of the S11 parameter of the patch antenna in the embodiment shown in Figure 30 versus frequency is shown. It can be seen from the figure that the patch antenna still has a low return loss within the target frequency band and has excellent radiation performance.

[0149] FIG32 is a third schematic diagram of the top view structure of the third patch layer provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0150] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG32 , the third patch layer 5 includes a first annular patch 51 and two third annular patches 51. With the inner center of the first annular patch 51 pointing outward, the two third annular patches 52 are sequentially arranged around the first annular patch 51. Specifically, the second third annular patch 52 is arranged on the side of the first third annular patch 52 facing away from the first annular patch 51. In specific implementations, a larger number of third annular patches 52 may be arranged around the periphery of the first annular patch 51, which is not limited here.

[0151] The present disclosure also provides an antenna array, which includes the patch antenna provided by any of the aforementioned embodiments.

[0152] FIG33 is a schematic diagram of the top view structure of the antenna array provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0153] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG33 , the antenna array includes four patch antennas arranged in two rows and two columns, each patch antenna including a first feed port and a second feed port, wherein the first feed port and the second feed port of the patch antenna are the first feed port 11 and the second feed port 12 of the feed circuit in FIG2 . The four patch antennas in the antenna array include four first feed ports and four second feed ports, the four first feed ports are A1, A2, A3 and A4, and the four second feed ports are B1, B2, B3 and B4. The four first feed ports and the four second feed ports all point to the center of the antenna array, and the four first feed ports and the four second feed ports are alternately arranged around the center of the antenna array. For example, as shown in FIG33 , in a clockwise direction, the four first feed ports and the four second feed ports are cross-arranged in the order of A1-B1-A2-B2-A3-B3-A4-B4. The phase of each feed port when feeding is shown in Table 1 below:

[0154] Table 1 Feed port phase comparison table

[0155] When the patch antenna is operating, simultaneously feeding the four first feed ports and connecting the four second feed ports to a load can radiate right-handed circularly polarized waves. Simultaneously feeding the four second feed ports and connecting the four first feed ports to a load can radiate left-handed circularly polarized waves. Using a rotational feeding method for the array antenna significantly improves the antenna's radiation performance compared to a single patch antenna.

[0156] The antenna array provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure has the same or similar technical effects as the aforementioned patch antenna when implemented, which will not be described in detail here.

[0157] The present disclosure also provides a communication device. The communication device provided by the present disclosure includes the patch antenna provided by any of the preceding embodiments or the antenna array provided by any of the preceding embodiments. The communication device provided by the present disclosure, when implemented, has the same or similar technical effects as the aforementioned patch antenna or antenna array, and is not further described here. In implementation, the communication device may be a base station, a mobile terminal, a satellite, or the like, without limitation.

[0158] Although the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure have been described, those skilled in the art may make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concepts. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0159] Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to the present disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present disclosure fall within the scope of the claims of the present disclosure and their equivalents, the present disclosure is intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A patch antenna, wherein, include: Feeder circuit; The feeding circuit comprises two feeding ports and an open-loop annular feeding portion connecting the two feeding ports; a slotted floor located on one side of the feeder circuit; The slot floor is provided with a plurality of slots; the slot floor is spaced apart from the feed circuit; the orthographic projection of the slot on the feed circuit at least partially overlaps with the open-loop annular feed portion; A first patch layer, a second patch layer and a third patch layer are sequentially stacked and spaced apart along the gap floor away from the feed circuit; the first patch layer includes a first patch; the second patch layer includes a second patch; the third patch layer includes a first annular patch.

2. The patch antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The orthographic projections of the geometric centers of the first annular patch, the second patch, and the first patch on the plane where the feeding circuit is located all coincide with the geometric center of the open-loop annular feeding portion.

3. The patch antenna according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The orthographic projection of the first patch on the second patch layer is located within the region where the second solid patch is located; the orthographic projection of the second patch on the third patch layer is located within the region where the inner ring of the first annular patch is located.

4. The patch antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The orthographic projections of the plurality of slots on the slot floor on the feeding circuit overlap with the open-loop annular feeding portion at least in three locations.

5. The patch antenna according to claim 4, wherein, The plurality of slits include a first slit extending along a first direction and a second slit extending along a second direction; the first slit and the second slit intersect each other; wherein the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction; The orthographic projections of both ends of the first slit on the feeding circuit overlap with the open-loop annular feeding portion; the orthographic projections of both ends of the second slit on the feeding circuit overlap with the open-loop annular feeding portion.

6. The patch antenna according to claim 5, wherein, The width of the first gap is 0.3 mm to 1 mm; the width of the second gap is 0.3 mm to 1 mm.

7. The patch antenna according to claim 5, wherein, The first slit and the second slit are both disconnected at the intersection of the first slit and the second slit.

8. The patch antenna according to claim 5, wherein, The plurality of slits further include a third slit; the third slit is located between the first slit and the second slit, and extends along a direction between an angle formed by the first direction and the second direction.

9. The patch antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein, The second patch layer further includes at least one second annular patch; the second annular patch is arranged around the second patch.

10. The patch antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein, The third patch layer also includes at least one third annular patch; the third annular patch is arranged around the first annular patch.

11. The patch antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein, The patch antenna also includes: The first dielectric plate is located at one side of the feed circuit; the gap floor is located at the side of the first dielectric plate facing the feed circuit; and the first patch layer is located at the side of the first dielectric plate facing away from the feed circuit.

12. The patch antenna according to claim 11, wherein, The first dielectric plate is provided with a plurality of first via holes surrounding the first patch layer; a first isolation column is arranged in the first via hole; and the first isolation column is connected to the gap floor.

13. The patch antenna according to claim 12, wherein, The patch antenna also includes: The second dielectric plate is located between the first patch layer and the second patch layer.

14. The patch antenna according to claim 13, wherein, The second dielectric plate is provided with a plurality of second via holes; second isolation columns are arranged in the second via holes; and the orthographic projections of the first patch layer and the second patch layer on the second dielectric plate are both located within the area surrounded by the second via holes.

15. The patch antenna according to claim 14, wherein, The second via holes correspond to the first via holes one by one; the orthographic projection of the second via holes on the first dielectric plate at least partially overlaps with the corresponding first via holes; The second isolation column located in the second via hole is connected to the first isolation column located in the corresponding first via hole.

16. The patch antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein, The patch antenna also includes a third dielectric plate; the second patch layer is located on a side of the third dielectric plate facing the first patch layer; and the third patch layer is located on a side of the third dielectric plate facing away from the first patch layer.

17. The patch antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein, A first air medium layer and a plurality of first support structures arranged at intervals are arranged between the feed circuit and the gap floor.

18. The patch antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein, The patch antenna also includes a reflecting floor; the reflecting floor is located on the side of the feeding circuit away from the gap floor and is spaced apart from the feeding circuit; a second air dielectric layer is arranged between the reflecting floor and the feeding circuit; and a plurality of spaced apart second supporting structures are fixed to the side of the reflecting floor facing the feeding circuit.

19. An antenna array, wherein, Comprising two rows and two columns of the patch antennas as described in any one of claims 1 to 18; the patch antennas comprising a first feed port and a second feed port; the first feed port and the second feed port of each of the patch antennas point to the center of the antenna array, and the first feed port and the second feed port are alternately arranged around the center of the antenna array.

20. A communication device, wherein, It comprises the patch antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 18 or the antenna array as claimed in claim 19.

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