Method for improving quality and yield of winter rape planted in saline-alkali soil

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving the quality and yield of winter rape planted in saline-alkali soil, and belongs to the technical field of crop planting, the method for improving the quality and yield of winter rape planted in saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps: soil preparation and base fertilizer application are performed before rape planting in November of the current year; topdressing urea after seedling emergence; a straw fermentation bio-fertilizer is applied 10-15 days before overwintering; applying urea after spring of the next year; harvesting in April of the next year. According to the method, different fertilizers are scientifically and reasonably applied in different periods of the winter rapes, especially straw fermentation bio-fertilizers are applied before overwintering, so that the method plays a role in improving the soil environment, adjusting soil nutrients, promoting nutrient absorption and conversion and the like, the nitrate content of the winter rapes is effectively reduced, meanwhile, the vitamin C content is increased, and the yield of the winter rapes is increased. And the purpose of improving the quality and the yield of the winter rape planted in the saline-alkali soil is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, and in particular to a method for improving the quality and yield of winter rapeseed planted in saline-alkali land. Background Art

[0002] As a unique soil type, saline-alkali land, with its high salinity, low fertility, and poor physical and chemical properties, poses challenges to the growth and development of crops. Rapeseed has significant advantages in saline-alkali land restoration and utilization. Traditional winter rapeseed cultivation often suffers from slow growth, low yield, and poor quality, hindering the effective utilization of saline-alkali land agricultural resources and the development of the winter rapeseed industry.

[0003] While research on technologies for growing winter rapeseed in saline-alkali soils has made some progress, shortcomings remain. For example, traditional fertilization methods ignore the specific characteristics of saline-alkali soils, resulting in low fertilizer utilization and even exacerbating soil salinization. Furthermore, there is a lack of precise fertilization techniques tailored to the growth cycle of winter rapeseed in saline-alkali soils, making it impossible to meet its nutrient needs at different stages of growth. Furthermore, the resource utilization of agricultural waste, such as straw, has not received sufficient attention in saline-alkali agriculture, resulting in resource waste and environmental pollution.

[0004] Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a planting method that is tailored to the characteristics of saline-alkali land and can improve the quality and yield of winter rapeseed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the quality and yield of winter rapeseed grown on saline-alkali land, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0006] A method for improving the quality and yield of winter rapeseed planted in saline-alkali land comprises the following steps: preparing the land and applying base fertilizer before planting rapeseed in November of the current year; applying urea after seedling emergence; applying straw fermented biofertilizer 10-15 days before wintering; applying urea in the spring of the following year; and harvesting in April of the following year.

[0007] Furthermore, the base fertilizer is applied in layers, organic fertilizer is spread on the ground before ploughing and incorporated with deep plowing, and ammonium bicarbonate, superphosphate, potassium chloride and boron fertilizer are applied to the shallow soil layer during shallow plowing.

[0008] In the present invention, the organic fertilizer is rich in organic matter and, when incorporated into the soil through deep plowing, can increase the soil's aggregate structure. A good aggregate structure can make the soil loose and porous, improving its air permeability and water permeability. Good air permeability can promote the leaching of salt from the soil, reduce salt accumulation in the rapeseed root system, provide a relatively suitable soil environment for rapeseed root growth, facilitate the root system's absorption of water and nutrients, and thus improve the yield and quality of rapeseed.

[0009] Adequate nitrogen fertilizer supply promotes rapeseed leaf growth, increases leaf area, and improves photosynthetic efficiency, providing sufficient materials and energy for its growth and development. Phosphorus plays an important role in rapeseed's root development, flower bud differentiation, and seed formation, enhancing its cold and drought resistance. Potassium improves rapeseed's disease and pest resistance and lodging resistance, promotes carbohydrate synthesis and transport, and enhances its quality. Boron, an essential trace element for rapeseed growth, plays a significant role in pollen germination, pollen tube elongation, and fertilization. Applying superphosphate, potassium chloride, and boron fertilizer to the shallow soil layer during shallow tillage brings the fertilizer closer to the rapeseed's root zone, facilitating its rapid absorption and utilization during the seedling and early growth stages. Salt-alkali soils often have an imbalance of nutrients. Shallow application of these fertilizers can replenish deficient nutrients, regulate the soil's nutrient balance, and provide a favorable nutrient environment for rapeseed growth.

[0010] Furthermore, the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 150-180 kg / mu, the application amount of the ammonium bicarbonate is 20-25 kg / mu, the application amount of the superphosphate is 15-20 kg / mu, the application amount of the potassium chloride is 10-15 kg / mu, and the application amount of the boron fertilizer is 0.8-1.0 kg / mu.

[0011] Furthermore, the amount of urea applied after emergence is 8-10 kg / mu; the amount of urea applied after the spring of the following year is 10-15 kg / mu.

[0012] Furthermore, the application amount of the straw fermentation biofertilizer is 50-80 kg / mu.

[0013] Furthermore, the method for preparing the straw fermentation biofertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0014] The straw is crushed and mixed with water to obtain a fermentation raw material; a decomposed mixed bacterial liquid is inoculated into the fermentation raw material, the moisture content of the material is adjusted to 50-60%, and composting fermentation is performed to obtain a decomposed material; starch factory waste residue, sodium humate and sodium alginate are added to the decomposed material, the mixture is mixed, the pH value of the mixture is adjusted, the moisture content of the material is adjusted to 50-60%, and enzymolysis is performed; trace element fertilizer and a composite regulating bacterial liquid are added to the obtained enzymatic hydrolysis liquid, the moisture content of the material is adjusted to 50-60%, and secondary fermentation is performed; the obtained secondary fermentation material is dried and granulated to obtain the straw fermentation biofertilizer.

[0015] The decomposed mixed bacterial liquid is composed of the following substances in parts by mass: 3 parts of Lactobacillus plantarum liquid, 1.5 parts of Bacillus subtilis liquid, 1 part of Trichoderma viride liquid, 2 parts of thermophilic Bacillus licheniformis liquid and 2 parts of Candida utilis liquid;

[0016] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the straw to water is (3-5):1; and / or the decomposed mixed bacterial liquid is 1-3% of the mass of the fermentation raw material; and / or the compost fermentation temperature is 50-60°C and the time is 7-15 days.

[0017] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the compost, starch factory waste, sodium humate and sodium alginate is (30-40):(10-15):(6-8):(2-5); and / or the temperature of the enzymatic hydrolysis is 40-55° C., and the time is 1-2 days.

[0018] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the enzymatic hydrolysate, the trace element fertilizer and the composite regulating bacterial solution is (90-100):(2-4):1.

[0019] The composite regulating bacterial solution is composed of the following substances in parts by mass: 2 parts of Bacillus megaterium solution, 1 part of Paenibacillus polymyxa solution and 2 parts of Lactobacillus plantarum solution;

[0020] Furthermore, the temperature of the secondary fermentation is 40-50° C., and the time is 3-5 days.

[0021] The present invention provides a method for improving the quality and yield of winter rapeseed grown in saline-alkali land. The basis for applying different fertilizers at different times is as follows:

[0022] In November of that year, before planting, the land was prepared and base fertilizer was applied using a layered fertilization method. Organic fertilizer was spread on the ground before plowing and incorporated during deep tillage. During shallow tillage, ammonium bicarbonate, superphosphate, potassium chloride, and boron fertilizer were applied to the shallow soil layer. This layered fertilization method ensures a more balanced distribution of fertilizers in the soil, meeting the nutrient needs of rapeseed at different growth stages. Organic fertilizer improves soil structure and increases soil organic matter content, providing long-lasting nutrients for rapeseed growth. Ammonium bicarbonate, superphosphate, potassium chloride, and boron fertilizer, respectively, provide essential elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and boron for rapeseed, promoting growth during the seedling stage and laying the foundation for subsequent growth.

[0023] After emergence, rapeseed plants grow rapidly and require more nitrogen. Applying urea at this time can replenish nitrogen in a timely manner, promoting seedling growth, increasing leaf number and area, and improving photosynthesis efficiency. This helps rapeseed accumulate more organic matter, providing a material foundation for later growth and yield formation. Straw fermentation biofertilizer is rich in organic matter and beneficial microorganisms.

[0024] Applied before wintering, this organic matter improves soil structure in saline-alkali soils, increases soil porosity, and enhances soil water and nutrient retention. This alleviates the stress of saline-alkali soil on rapeseed roots, creates a favorable soil environment for root growth, and facilitates nutrient absorption. Beneficial microorganisms in the fertilizer decompose organic matter in the soil, releasing a variety of nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements, to meet the nutrient needs of rapeseed during the winter and during spring growth. Furthermore, microbial activity regulates soil nutrient balance, preventing the adverse effects of excessive or insufficient amounts of a single nutrient on rapeseed growth. The microorganisms in straw-fermented biofertilizers promote nitrogen conversion in the soil and reduce nitrate accumulation. Through nitrification and denitrification, microorganisms convert ammonium nitrogen in the soil into nitrate nitrogen. Some of this nitrate nitrogen is then converted into nitrogen gas and released into the atmosphere, reducing soil nitrate levels. This, in turn, reduces nitrate absorption by rapeseed and its nitrate content. The beneficial microorganisms in the fertilizer will produce some growth regulators and secondary metabolites during the metabolism process. These substances can stimulate the physiological metabolism of rapeseed plants, promote the synthesis and accumulation of nutrients such as vitamin C, and improve the quality of rapeseed.

[0025] The following spring, rapeseed enters a period of rapid growth and reproductive growth, significantly increasing its demand for nitrogen. Applying urea at this time can replenish nitrogen in a timely manner, promoting the growth of rapeseed stems and leaves, flower bud differentiation, and grain development, thereby increasing rapeseed yield.

[0026] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0027] The present invention scientifically and rationally applies different fertilizers at different stages of winter rapeseed, especially applies straw fermented biofertilizer before wintering, thereby improving the soil environment, regulating soil nutrients, promoting nutrient absorption and conversion, and other aspects. It effectively reduces the nitrate content of winter rapeseed, while increasing the vitamin C content and the yield of rapeseed, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the quality and yield of winter rapeseed grown in saline-alkali land. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0029] It should be understood that the terms described herein are intended only to describe particular embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for numerical ranges herein, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between any intermediate value within a stated value or stated range and any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range is also encompassed by the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded within the scope.

[0030] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated document, the contents of this specification shall prevail.

[0031] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the present invention. The present description and examples are intended to be illustrative only.

[0032] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0033] In the embodiments of the present invention, “parts” refer to “parts by mass” unless otherwise specified.

[0034] The plant acid bacteria liquid, Bacillus subtilis liquid, Trichoderma viride liquid, thermophilic Bacillus licheniformis liquid, Candida utilis liquid, Bacillus megaterium liquid, Paenibacillus polymyxa liquid, and Lactobacillus plantarum liquid required in Examples 1-3 of the present invention are obtained by activating purchased strains, inoculating them into culture medium for expansion culture, and fermenting them. After expansion culture, the effective viable count of a single bacterial species in the mature mixed bacterial liquid and the composite regulating bacterial liquid is not less than 300 million / mL. Among them, the mature mixed bacterial liquid is composed of the following materials in parts by weight: 3 parts of Lactobacillus plantarum liquid, 1.5 parts of Bacillus subtilis liquid, 1 part of Trichoderma viride liquid, 2 parts of thermophilic Bacillus licheniformis liquid, and 2 parts of Candida utilis liquid; the composite regulating bacterial liquid is composed of the following materials in parts by weight: 2 parts of Bacillus megaterium liquid, 1 part of Paenibacillus polymyxa liquid, and 2 parts of Lactobacillus plantarum liquid.

[0035] The straw used in Examples 1-3 of the present invention is wheat straw.

[0036] Example 1 A method for preparing straw fermented biofertilizer

[0037] The crushed wheat straw and water are mixed in a mass ratio of 3:1 to obtain a fermentation raw material; a decomposed mixed bacterial liquid is added in a mass ratio of 1% of the fermentation liquid raw material; water is added to adjust the moisture content of the material to 50%, and the composting and fermentation are carried out at 50°C for 7 days to obtain a decomposed material; starch factory waste residue, sodium humate and sodium alginate are added to the decomposed material, wherein the mass ratio of the decomposed material, starch factory waste residue, sodium humate and sodium alginate is 30:10:8:3, the mixture is mixed, a calcium carbonate solution is added to adjust the pH to 7.0, water is added to adjust the moisture content of the material to 55%, and the mixture is enzymolyzed at 40°C for 1 day to obtain an enzymolysis solution, trace element fertilizer and a composite regulating bacterial liquid are added to the obtained enzymolysis solution, wherein the mass ratio of the enzymolysis solution, trace element fertilizer and the composite regulating bacterial liquid is 90:4:1, water is added to adjust the moisture content of the material to 60%, and the mixture is fermented for a second time at 40°C for 5 days. The secondary fermentation product is dried to a moisture content of 5%, and a granular straw fermentation biofertilizer is produced by a granulator.

[0038] Example 2 A method for preparing straw fermented biofertilizer

[0039] The crushed wheat straw and water are mixed in a mass ratio of 5:1 to obtain a fermentation raw material; a decomposed mixed bacterial liquid is added in an amount of 3% by mass of the fermentation liquid raw material; water is added to adjust the moisture content of the material to 60%, and the material is composted and fermented at 60°C for 15 days to obtain a decomposed material; starch factory waste residue, sodium humate and sodium alginate are added to the decomposed material, wherein the mass ratio of the decomposed material, starch factory waste residue, sodium humate and sodium alginate is 40:15:6:5, the material is mixed, a calcium carbonate solution is added to adjust the pH to 7.0, water is added to adjust the moisture content of the material to 50%, and the material is enzymolyzed at 55°C for 2 days to obtain an enzymolysis solution, trace element fertilizer and a composite regulating bacterial liquid are added to the obtained enzymolysis solution, wherein the mass ratio of the enzymolysis solution, trace element fertilizer and the composite regulating bacterial liquid is 100:2:1, water is added to adjust the moisture content of the material to 50%, and the material is fermented for a second time at 50°C for 3 days. The secondary fermentation product is dried to a moisture content of 5%, and a granular straw fermentation biofertilizer is produced by a granulator.

[0040] Example 3 Preparation method of straw fermentation biofertilizer

[0041] The crushed wheat straw and water are mixed in a mass ratio of 4:1 to obtain a fermentation raw material; a decomposed mixed bacterial liquid is added in an amount of 2% by mass of the fermentation liquid raw material; water is added to adjust the moisture content of the material to 55%, and the material is composted and fermented at 55°C for 12 days to obtain a decomposed material; starch factory waste residue, sodium humate and sodium alginate are added to the decomposed material, wherein the mass ratio of the decomposed material, starch factory waste residue, sodium humate and sodium alginate is 35:12:7:2, the material is mixed, a calcium carbonate solution is added to adjust the pH to 7.0, water is added to adjust the moisture content of the material to 60%, and the material is enzymolyzed at 40°C for 1 day to obtain an enzymolysis solution, trace element fertilizer and a composite regulating bacterial liquid are added to the obtained enzymolysis solution, wherein the mass ratio of the enzymolysis solution, trace element fertilizer and the composite regulating bacterial liquid is 98:3:1, water is added to adjust the moisture content of the material to 50%, the material is fermented for a second time at 45°C for 5 days, the secondary fermentation product is dried to a moisture content of 5%, and a granular straw fermentation biofertilizer is produced by a granulator.

[0042] The pH value of the plots selected in Examples 4-6 of the present invention was below 9.2 and the salt content was 0.2-0.3 g / kg;

[0043] Among the fertilizers applied in Examples 4-6 of the present invention, the fertilizers other than the straw fermentation biofertilizer were purchased from the market.

[0044] Example 4: A method for improving the quality and yield of winter rapeseed grown on saline-alkali land.

[0045] Before planting rapeseed in November of the same year, the land was prepared and base fertilizer was applied, and a layered fertilization method was adopted: organic fertilizer was spread on the ground before ploughing and turned in during deep plowing, and ammonium bicarbonate, superphosphate, potassium chloride and boron fertilizer were applied to the shallow soil layer during shallow plowing; wherein, the application amount of organic fertilizer was 150 kg / mu, the application amount of ammonium bicarbonate was 25 kg / mu, the application amount of superphosphate was 18 kg / mu, the application amount of potassium chloride was 12 kg / mu, and the application amount of boron fertilizer was 0.9 kg / mu; the sowing amount per mu of direct seeding field was 400 g; urea was applied after seedlings emerged in an amount of 8 kg / mu; 15 days before wintering, the straw fermentation biofertilizer prepared in Example 1 was applied in an amount of 80 kg / mu; in early March of the following year, urea was applied at a height of 6-10 cm at 13 kg / mu, and the crops were harvested in April of the following year.

[0046] During this period, weeding before and after sowing and during the seedling stage, pest and disease control, and watering and irrigation are carried out according to conventional planting methods.

[0047] Example 5: A method for improving the quality and yield of winter rapeseed grown on saline-alkali land.

[0048] Before planting rapeseed in November of the same year, the land was prepared and base fertilizer was applied, and a layered fertilization method was adopted: organic fertilizer was spread on the ground before ploughing and incorporated with deep plowing, and ammonium bicarbonate, superphosphate, potassium chloride and boron fertilizer were applied to the shallow soil layer during shallow plowing; wherein, the application amount of organic fertilizer was 180 kg / mu, the application amount of ammonium bicarbonate was 22 kg / mu, the application amount of superphosphate was 15 kg / mu, the application amount of potassium chloride was 10 kg / mu, and the application amount of boron fertilizer was 1.0 kg / mu; the sowing amount per mu of direct seeding field was 400 g; urea was applied after seedlings emerged in an amount of 9 kg / mu; 15 days before wintering, the straw fermentation biofertilizer prepared in Example 2 was applied in an amount of 70 kg / mu; in early March of the following year, urea was applied at a height of 6-10 cm at 10 kg / mu, and the crops were harvested in April of the following year.

[0049] During this period, weeding before and after sowing and during the seedling stage, pest and disease control, and watering and irrigation are carried out according to conventional planting methods.

[0050] Example 6: A method for improving the quality and yield of winter rapeseed grown on saline-alkali land.

[0051] Before planting rapeseed in November of the same year, the land was prepared and base fertilizer was applied, and a layered fertilization method was adopted: organic fertilizer was spread on the ground before ploughing and incorporated with deep plowing, and ammonium bicarbonate, superphosphate, potassium chloride and boron fertilizer were applied to the shallow soil layer during shallow plowing; wherein, the application amount of organic fertilizer was 170 kg / mu, the application amount of ammonium bicarbonate was 20 kg / mu, the application amount of superphosphate was 20 kg / mu, the application amount of potassium chloride was 15 kg / mu, and the application amount of boron fertilizer was 0.8 kg / mu; the sowing amount per mu of direct seeding field was 400 g; urea was applied after seedlings emerged in an amount of 10 kg / mu; the straw fermentation biofertilizer prepared in Example 3 was applied 10 days before wintering in an amount of 50 kg / mu; urea 15 kg / mu was applied when the moss was 6-10 cm high in early March of the following year, and the crops were harvested in April of the following year.

[0052] During this period, weeding before and after sowing and during the seedling stage, pest and disease control, and watering and irrigation are carried out according to conventional planting methods.

[0053] Comparative Example 1

[0054] Before planting rapeseed in November of the same year, the land was prepared and base fertilizer was applied, and a layered fertilization method was adopted: before ploughing the land, the straw fermented biofertilizer prepared in Example 1 was spread on the ground and turned in during deep plowing. During shallow plowing, ammonium bicarbonate, superphosphate, potassium chloride and boron fertilizer were applied to the shallow soil layer; wherein, the application amount of organic fertilizer was 150kg / mu, the application amount of ammonium bicarbonate was 25kg / mu, the application amount of superphosphate was 18kg / mu, the application amount of potassium chloride was 12kg / mu, and the application amount of boron fertilizer was 0.9kg / mu; the sowing amount per mu of direct seeding field was 400g; urea was applied after seedlings emerged in an amount of 8kg / mu; organic fertilizer was applied 15 days before wintering in an amount of 80kg / mu; urea was applied 13kg / mu when the moss was 6-10cm high in early March of the following year, and the crops were harvested in April of the following year.

[0055] Comparative Example 2

[0056] Before planting rapeseed in November of the same year, the land was prepared and base fertilizer was applied, and a layered fertilization method was adopted: organic fertilizer was spread on the ground before plowing and incorporated with deep plowing, and ammonium bicarbonate, superphosphate, potassium chloride and boron fertilizer were applied to the shallow soil layer during shallow plowing; among them, the application amount of organic fertilizer was 150kg / mu, the application amount of ammonium bicarbonate was 25kg / mu, the application amount of superphosphate was 18kg / mu, the application amount of potassium chloride was 12kg / mu, and the application amount of boron fertilizer was 0.9kg / mu; the sowing amount per mu of direct seeding field was 400g; urea was applied after emergence at an application amount of 8kg / mu; organic fertilizer was applied 15 days before wintering at an application amount of 80kg / mu; in early March of the following year, 13kg / mu of urea was applied when the moss was 6-10cm high, and the harvest was carried out in April of the following year.

[0057] Comparative Example 3

[0058] Before planting rapeseed in November of the same year, the land was prepared and base fertilizer was applied. Before ploughing the land, organic fertilizer, ammonium bicarbonate, superphosphate, potassium chloride and boron fertilizer were mixed and spread on the ground and ploughed in with deep plowing. The amount of organic fertilizer applied was 150 kg / mu, the amount of ammonium bicarbonate applied was 25 kg / mu, the amount of superphosphate applied was 18 kg / mu, the amount of potassium chloride applied was 12 kg / mu, and the amount of boron fertilizer applied was 0.9 kg / mu. The sowing amount per mu of direct seeding field was 400 g. Urea was applied after seedlings emerged in an amount of 8 kg / mu. The straw fermentation biofertilizer prepared in Example 1 was applied 15 days before wintering in an amount of 80 kg / mu. In early March of the following year, urea of ​​13 kg / mu was applied when the moss was 6-10 cm high, and the crops were harvested in April of the following year.

[0059] The nitrate and vitamin C contents in the winter rapeseed harvested in Examples 4-6 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and 2,6-dichloroindophenol titration. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0060] Table 1

[0061]

[0062] As can be seen from Table 1, the fertilization method provided by the present invention is applied to winter rapeseed cultivation in saline-alkali land, which is beneficial to reducing the nitrate content of winter rapeseed and increasing the vitamin C content, thereby helping to improve the quality of winter rapeseed.

[0063] Determination of winter rapeseed yield: Winter rapeseed plants collected in Examples 4-6 and Comparative 1-3 were respectively placed in sealed bags, brought back to the laboratory, rinsed with tap water to remove surface soil, and quickly blotted dry with absorbent paper. The yield per mu was calculated. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0064] Table 2

[0065]

[0066] It can be seen from Table 2 that the fertilization method provided by the present invention is helpful to increase the yield of winter rapeseed in saline-alkali land.

[0067] The embodiments described above are merely descriptions of preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by persons skilled in the art should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving the quality and yield of winter rapeseed grown on saline-alkali land, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: preparing the land and applying base fertilizer before planting rapeseed in November of the same year; applying urea after emergence; applying straw fermented biofertilizer 10-15 days before wintering; applying urea in the spring of the following year; and harvesting in April of the following year.

2. The method for improving the quality and yield of winter rapeseed grown in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base fertilizer is applied in layers. Before ploughing the land, organic fertilizer is spread on the ground and incorporated during deep ploughing. During shallow ploughing, ammonium bicarbonate, superphosphate, potassium chloride and boron fertilizer are applied to the shallow soil layer.

3. The method for improving the quality and yield of winter rapeseed grown in saline-alkali land according to claim 2, characterized in that: The application amount of the organic fertilizer is 150-180 kg / mu, the application amount of the ammonium bicarbonate is 20-25 kg / mu, the application amount of the superphosphate is 15-20 kg / mu, the application amount of the potassium chloride is 10-15 kg / mu, and the application amount of the boron fertilizer is 0.8-1.0 kg / mu.

4. The method for improving the quality and yield of winter rapeseed grown in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of urea applied after emergence is 8-10 kg / mu; the amount of urea applied after the spring of the following year is 10-15 kg / mu.

5. The method for improving the quality and yield of winter rapeseed grown in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application amount of the straw fermentation biological fertilizer is 50-80 kg / mu.

6. The method for improving the quality and yield of winter rapeseed grown in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the straw fermentation biofertilizer comprises the following steps: The method comprises the following steps: crushing straw, adding water and mixing to obtain fermentation raw material; inoculating a decomposed mixed bacterial liquid into the fermentation raw material, adjusting the moisture content of the material to 50-60%, and performing composting fermentation to obtain decomposed material; adding starch factory waste residue, sodium humate and sodium alginate to the decomposed material, mixing, adjusting the pH value of the mixture, adjusting the moisture content of the material to 50-60% again, and performing enzymolysis; adding trace element fertilizer and a composite regulating bacterial liquid to the obtained enzymatic hydrolysis solution, adjusting the moisture content of the material to 50-60%, and performing secondary fermentation; and drying the obtained secondary fermentation material and granulating it to obtain the straw fermentation biofertilizer.

7. The method for improving the quality and yield of winter rapeseed grown in saline-alkali land according to claim 6, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the straw to water is (3-5):1; and / or the decomposed mixed bacterial liquid is 1-3% of the mass of the fermentation raw material; and / or the compost fermentation temperature is 50-60°C and the time is 7-15 days.

8. The method for improving the quality and yield of winter rapeseed grown in saline-alkali land according to claim 6, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the decomposed material, the starch factory waste residue, the sodium humate and the sodium alginate is (30-40): (10-15): (6-8): (2-5); and / or the temperature of the enzymatic hydrolysis is 40-55° C., and the time is 1-2 days.

9. The method for improving the quality and yield of winter rapeseed grown in saline-alkali land according to claim 6, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the enzymatic hydrolysate, the trace element fertilizer and the composite regulating bacterial liquid is (90-100): (2-4):

1.

10. The method for improving the quality and yield of winter rapeseed grown in saline-alkali land according to claim 6, characterized in that: The temperature of the secondary fermentation is 40-50° C. and the time is 3-5 days.

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