Carbon dioxide-based rubber material

Abstract

A carbon dioxide-based rubber material belongs to the technical field of rubber materials. A main component is a vulcanized or unvulcanized unsaturated carbon dioxide copolymer, and the unsaturated carbon dioxide copolymer comprises a rigid chain segment and a flexible chain segment. A distributed polymerization process is adopted in the preparation process. According to the carbon dioxide-based rubber material disclosed by the invention, by designing a molecular chain structure and a cross-linked network, the mechanical property, durability and environmental protection property of the material are synergistically improved, and carbon sequestration and carbon reduction in the field of rubber are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of rubber materials, and in particular relates to a carbon dioxide-based rubber material. Background Art

[0002] Rubber materials, as highly elastic polymer compounds, are widely used in industries such as industry, transportation, electronics, and healthcare. Traditional rubber materials primarily rely on physical blends or chemical crosslinking systems of natural rubber or a single synthetic rubber (such as styrene-butadiene rubber and EPDM rubber). This presents a bottleneck in achieving a synergistic improvement in mechanical properties and heat resistance.

[0003] In recent years, carbon dioxide copolymers (such as PPC and PEC) have attracted much attention due to their environmental friendliness and renewable properties. Polycarbonate materials with adjustable segment structures can be prepared through the alternating copolymerization of epoxy compounds and CO2.

[0004] Prior art used CO2 to produce butadiene rubber, converting CO2 to ethanol using an Fe-Cu composite catalyst, followed by aldol condensation to produce butadiene monomer, ultimately synthesizing the rubber material. However, this process involves a long synthesis route and requires high process control. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a carbon dioxide-based rubber material with simple process requirements.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: a carbon dioxide-based rubber material, characterized in that the main component is a vulcanized or unvulcanized unsaturated carbon dioxide copolymer, and the unsaturated carbon dioxide copolymer contains rigid segments and flexible segments.

[0007] Specifically, the unsaturated carbon dioxide copolymer has a three-segment molecular chain structure consisting of a rigid segment-a flexible segment-a rigid segment.

[0008] The total molar proportion of the repeating units of the flexible segment in the molecular chain of the carbon dioxide copolymer is 60% to 80%, and the total molar proportion of the repeating units of the rigid segment in the molecular chain of the carbon dioxide copolymer is 20% to 40%; the comonomers of the flexible segment include an epoxy compound, carbon dioxide, and any cyclic acid anhydride, wherein the epoxy compound is at least one of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide and any epoxy compound containing a double bond; the comonomers of the rigid segment include at least one of cyclohexene oxide and cyclopentane oxide, carbon dioxide, any epoxy compound containing a double bond, any cyclic acid anhydride, and any p-toluenesulfonyl isocyanate;

[0009] The cyclic acid anhydride in the soft segment and the hard segment both contains at least one cyclic acid anhydride containing a double bond.

[0010] This invention directly utilizes CO2 to copolymerize with epoxy compounds / anhydrides, eliminating the multi-step conversion process from CO2 to ethanol to butadiene in traditional processes, thus reducing carbon emissions. The three-segment molecular chain structure (rigid-flexible-rigid) of this invention significantly improves the material's overall mechanical properties by optimizing the segment ratio.

[0011] The proportion of flexible segments in the material imparts excellent elastic recovery properties, overcoming the bottleneck of traditional rubber in balancing mechanical properties and resilience. The cyclohexane and double-bond cyclic anhydride in the rigid segments form a dense network through vulcanization crosslinking, enhancing the material's tensile strength. The rigid segment design also ensures the thermal stability of this rubber material (e.g., the cyclohexane-CO2 copolymer units), allowing the material to maintain >90% of its original strength at 120°C, addressing the high-temperature softening problem of traditional rubber.

[0012] The carbon dioxide-based rubber material of the present invention achieves a synergistic improvement in the mechanical properties, durability and environmental friendliness of the material by designing the molecular chain structure and the cross-linking network, thereby realizing carbon fixation and carbon reduction in the rubber field.

[0013] Preferably, in the above-mentioned carbon dioxide-based rubber material, the structural formula of the unsaturated carbon dioxide copolymer is:

[0014] ;

[0015] Wherein, R is H, methyl or olefin group, at least one of R1 and R2 is olefin group, R is cyclohexyl or cyclopentyl; 1≤a≤200, 0≤b≤100, 0≤c≤100, 1≤x≤100, 0≤y≤100, 0≤z≤10.

[0016] The above structural formula is more preferably a symmetrical structure obtained by polymerization initiated by a double-head initiator.

[0017] Specifically, the structural formula of the unsaturated carbon dioxide copolymer is:

[0018] ;

[0019] or

[0020] ;

[0021] Among them, 1≤a≤200, 0≤b≤100, 0≤c≤100, 1≤x≤100, 0≤y≤100, 0≤z≤10.

[0022] Preferably, in the carbon dioxide-based rubber material, the double-bond-containing cyclic anhydride is at least one of maleic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, nadic anhydride, halogenated maleic anhydride, dimethylmaleic anhydride, dodecenylsuccinic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, cis-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, and methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride. The double bond structure of the selected double-bond-containing cyclic anhydride significantly improves vulcanization efficiency, eliminating the need for traditional chain extenders and shortening vulcanization time.

[0023] Double bonds can also provide active sites for functional modifications (such as grafting antimicrobial agents or conductive fillers) and optimize filler dispersibility through polar groups (such as dodecenylsuccinic anhydride) to obtain functional rubbers.

[0024] More preferably, the double-bond-containing cyclic anhydride is a mixture of halogenated maleic anhydride and nadic anhydride in a mass ratio of 10:1 to 4. The use of halogenated maleic anhydride allows for vulcanization at lower temperatures, reducing energy consumption. The rigid cyclic structure and double bonds in nadic anhydride synergistically enhance the material's heat resistance and UV aging resistance. This optimal blend balances the material's initial vulcanization speed with its ultimate heat resistance requirements by leveraging the delayed crosslinking properties of a low proportion of nadic anhydride.

[0025] Preferably, in the above carbon dioxide-based rubber material, the double-bond-containing epoxy compound is allyl glycidyl ether.

[0026] Preferably, the method for preparing the carbon dioxide-based rubber material comprises the following steps:

[0027] (1) Put the comonomer of the soft segment, the catalyst and the initiator into the reactor, fill it with carbon dioxide to 1.5MPa~2.5MPa, and react at 40℃~60℃ for 3h~12h;

[0028] (2) Add the comonomer of the rigid chain segment and continue copolymerization for 1 h to 8 h while maintaining the reaction conditions; after washing, obtain the copolymer rubber;

[0029] (3) The obtained polymer is subjected to a cross-linking reaction.

[0030] This preparation method achieves a controlled arrangement of rigid and flexible segments through step-by-step polymerization. The proportion of flexible segments imparts high elasticity to the material, while the rigid segments enhance heat resistance. Optimized initiator and catalytic systems ensure stable polymerization. Double bonds are then used to crosslink the material, forming a CO2-based rubber material. CO2 serves as the core raw material in this material, achieving both carbon emission reduction and high material performance. This method combines process simplification, performance optimization, and environmental friendliness.

[0031] Preferably, in the above-mentioned method for preparing the carbon dioxide-based rubber material, the catalyst is a metal catalyst or an organic borane catalyst.

[0032] More preferably, the catalyst is an organoborane catalyst, such as trimethylboron, triethylboron, or tributylboron. Organoborane catalysts can achieve high catalytic activity under mild conditions, reducing energy consumption by over 50% compared to metal catalysts. They can also effectively inhibit side reactions (such as the formation of cyclic carbonates) and improve product selectivity.

[0033] Preferably, in the above-mentioned method for preparing the carbon dioxide-based rubber material, the initiator is a saturated or unsaturated dibasic or tetrabasic onium salt of an aliphatic or aromatic acid.

[0034] More preferably, in the above-mentioned method for preparing the carbon dioxide-based rubber material, the dibasic or tetrabasic acid onium salt comprises 、 and At least one of the following is selected. A double-headed initiator is selected, and during the polymerization process, the two ends of a chain extend outward, thereby forming a flexible segment in the middle. Rigid segments are then further connected at both ends, resulting in a three-segment molecular chain structure of rigid-flexible-rigid, ensuring the elasticity and strength of the rubber material.

[0035] The tetrabasic acid onium salt includes and At least one of .

[0036] Preferably, in the method for preparing the carbon dioxide-based rubber material, the molar ratio of the epoxy compound in the comonomer of the soft segment to the cyclohexene oxide in the comonomer of the rigid segment is 6-8:2-4.

[0037] The molar ratio of the epoxy compound to the cyclic anhydride in the comonomer of the soft segment is 10:0-2, preferably 10:0.5-1; the molar ratio of the cyclohexene oxide to the cyclic anhydride in the comonomer of the hard segment is 10:0-4, preferably 10:2-3. Furthermore, the amount of cyclic anhydride added to both the soft and hard segments cannot be zero at the same time.

[0038] This ratio design achieves structural optimization and performance synergy of the rigid and flexible segments of the material by regulating the molar ratio of epoxy compounds and cyclic anhydrides. After adding an appropriate amount of anhydride to the flexible segment, ester groups are introduced to enhance the flexibility of the molecular chain and improve the elongation at break; the addition of an appropriate amount of anhydride to the rigid segment can ensure the strength retention of the rubber material. The introduction of an appropriate amount of anhydride regulates the glass transition temperature through the ester-carbonate alternating structure, optimizing the heat resistance and dynamic mechanical properties of the rubber material. The optimal molar ratio can further optimize the material performance: trace amounts of anhydride in the flexible segment can inhibit the backbiting side reaction through the ester group and retain the flexibility of the main chain; a higher proportion of anhydride in the rigid segment combined with the preferred compound anhydride can further improve the regularity of the segment, making the 120°C strength retention rate >95% and the tensile strength higher. The two work together to build a dynamic cross-linked network, accurately control the glass transition temperature, and achieve a deep balance of high elasticity, heat resistance and processability.

[0039] Preferably, a vulcanizing agent and a reinforcing filler are further added during the cross-linking reaction in step (3) of the above preparation method; the vulcanizing agent is sulfur or a peroxide vulcanization system, and the addition amount is 0-2.5 phr; the reinforcing filler is at least one of carbon black N550, N660 or N774, and the addition amount is 0-60 phr; the mixing temperature is 80°C-160°C, and the mixing time is 10 min-30 min.

[0040] The double-bond crosslinking process utilizes free radical initiators traditionally used in EPDM rubber synthesis, such as VCl₃ combined with AlEt₂Cl. Alternatively, peroxides can be used, including at least one of dicumyl peroxide (DCP), di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP), and 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di-tert-butylperoxyhexane (DBPMH), with simultaneous vulcanization and mixing. The introduction of reinforcing fillers synergistically enhances crosslink density and tensile strength with the sulfur system. Precise control of mixing temperature and time ensures uniform filler dispersion, avoiding high-temperature scorching or insufficient vulcanization, ultimately resulting in a material with a balanced balance of high tear strength and compression set.

[0041] Compared with the existing technology, the carbon dioxide-based rubber material of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention provides a new type of carbon dioxide-based rubber material, which achieves a synergistic improvement in the mechanical properties, durability and environmental protection of the material by rationally designing the molecular chain structure and cross-linking network, combined with efficient and green synthesis technology, and realizes carbon fixation and carbon reduction in the rubber field. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The present invention will be described in detail below by way of examples. Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials used are commercially available.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] (1) The soft segment comonomer and triethylborane and Put into the reaction kettle, wherein the comonomers of the soft segment are epoxy compound and cyclic acid anhydride, epoxy compound, cyclic acid anhydride, triethyl boron and The molar ratio of is 10:1:0.001:0.002, the epoxy compound of the flexible segment is a complex of ethylene oxide and allyl glycidyl ether in a molar ratio of 5:2, and the cyclic anhydride is a complex of chloromaleic anhydride and nadic anhydride in a mass ratio of 10:2.5; carbon dioxide is charged to 2.0 MPa, and the reaction is carried out at 50°C for 8 hours;

[0045] (2) Add the comonomer of the rigid segment. The molar ratio of cyclohexane oxide to cyclic anhydride in the comonomer of the rigid segment is 10:2.5. The cyclic anhydride is a mixture of chloromaleic anhydride and nadic anhydride in a mass ratio of 10:2.5. The molar ratio of the epoxy compound to cyclohexane oxide in the flexible segment is 7:3. Maintain the reaction conditions and continue copolymerization for 4 hours. After washing, a copolymer rubber is obtained.

[0046] (3) The obtained copolymer rubber was added with DCP and carbon black N550 in a mass ratio of 64:1:35, and then devolatilized and mixed at 85°C for 20 minutes.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] (1) The soft segment comonomer and triethylborane and Put into the reactor, wherein the comonomers of the soft segment are ethylene oxide and cyclic anhydride, ethylene oxide, cyclic anhydride, triethyl boron and The molar ratio of is 10:1:0.001:0.002, and the cyclic anhydride is a compound of chloromaleic anhydride and phthalic anhydride in a mass ratio of 10:2.5; carbon dioxide is charged to 2.0 MPa, and the reaction is carried out at 50°C for 8 hours;

[0049] (2) Add the comonomer of the rigid segment. The molar ratio of cyclohexane oxide to cyclic anhydride in the comonomer of the rigid segment is 10:2.5. The cyclic anhydride is a mixture of chloromaleic anhydride and nadic anhydride in a mass ratio of 10:2.5. The molar ratio of the epoxy compound to cyclohexane oxide in the flexible segment is 7:3. Maintain the reaction conditions and continue copolymerization for 4 hours. After washing, a copolymer rubber is obtained.

[0050] (3) The obtained copolymer rubber was added with DCP and carbon black N550 in a mass ratio of 64:1:35, and then devolatilized and mixed at 85°C for 20 minutes.

[0051] Example 3

[0052] (1) The soft segment comonomer and triethylborane and Put into the reaction kettle, wherein the comonomers of the soft segment are epoxy compound and chloromaleic anhydride, epoxy compound, chloromaleic anhydride, triethyl boron and The molar ratio of is 10:1:0.001:0.002, the epoxy compound of the flexible segment is a complex of ethylene oxide and allyl glycidyl ether in a molar ratio of 5:2, carbon dioxide is charged to 2.0 MPa, and the reaction is carried out at 50°C for 8 hours;

[0053] (2) Add the comonomer of the rigid segment, wherein the molar ratio of cyclohexane oxide to maleic anhydride chloride is 10:2.5, and the molar ratio of the epoxy compound to cyclohexane oxide in the flexible segment is 7:3. Maintain the reaction conditions and continue copolymerization for 4 hours; after washing, obtain the copolymer rubber;

[0054] (3) The obtained copolymer rubber was added with DCP and carbon black N550 in a mass ratio of 64:1:35, and then devolatilized and mixed at 85°C for 20 minutes.

[0055] Example 4

[0056] (1) Ethylene oxide, triethylborane and Put it into the reactor in a molar ratio of 10:0.001:0.002, fill it with carbon dioxide to 2.0MPa, and react at 50℃ for 8h;

[0057] (2) Add the comonomer of the rigid segment, wherein the molar ratio of cyclohexane oxide to maleic anhydride chloride is 10:2.5, and the molar ratio of the epoxy compound to cyclohexane oxide in the flexible segment is 7:3. Maintain the reaction conditions and continue copolymerization for 4 hours; after washing, obtain the copolymer rubber;

[0058] (3) The obtained copolymer rubber was added with DCP and carbon black N550 in a mass ratio of 64:1:35, and then devolatilized and mixed at 85°C for 20 minutes.

[0059] Example 5

[0060] (1) The soft segment comonomer and triethylborane and Put into the reaction kettle, wherein the comonomers of the soft segment are ethylene oxide and chloromaleic anhydride, ethylene oxide, chloromaleic anhydride, triethyl boron and The molar ratio of 10:1:0.001:0.002 was set, carbon dioxide was introduced to 2.0 MPa, and the reaction was carried out at 50°C for 8 h;

[0061] (2) Add the comonomer of the rigid segment, wherein the molar ratio of cyclohexane oxide to maleic anhydride chloride is 10:2.5, and the molar ratio of the epoxy compound to cyclohexane oxide in the flexible segment is 7:3. Maintain the reaction conditions and continue copolymerization for 4 hours; after washing, obtain the copolymer rubber;

[0062] (3) The obtained copolymer rubber was added with DCP and carbon black N550 in a mass ratio of 64:1:35, and then devolatilized and mixed at 85°C for 20 minutes.

[0063] Example 6

[0064] (1) The soft segment comonomer and triethylborane and Put into the reaction kettle, wherein the comonomers of the soft segment are epoxy compound and cyclic acid anhydride, epoxy compound, cyclic acid anhydride, triethyl boron and The molar ratio of is 10:1:0.001:0.002, the epoxy compound of the flexible segment is a complex of ethylene oxide and allyl glycidyl ether in a molar ratio of 5:2, and the cyclic anhydride is a complex of chloromaleic anhydride and nadic anhydride in a mass ratio of 10:2.5; carbon dioxide is charged to 2.0 MPa, and the reaction is carried out at 50°C for 8 hours;

[0065] (2) Add the comonomer of the rigid segment. The molar ratio of cyclohexene oxide to the compounded cyclic anhydride containing double bonds in the comonomer of the rigid segment is 10:2.5. The compounded cyclic anhydride containing double bonds is a compound of chloromaleic anhydride and nadic anhydride in a mass ratio of 10:2.5. The molar ratio of the epoxy compound to cyclohexene oxide in the flexible segment is 7:3. Maintain the reaction conditions and continue copolymerization for 4 hours. After washing, a copolymer rubber compound is obtained.

[0066] (3) The obtained copolymer rubber was added with VCl3 and AlEt2Cl in a mass ratio of 99.8:0.1:0.1, and then devolatilized and kneaded at 160°C for 20 minutes.

[0067] Example 7

[0068] (1) The comonomer of the soft chain segment and trimethylborane and Put into the reaction kettle, wherein the comonomers of the soft segment are epoxy compound and cyclic acid anhydride, epoxy compound, cyclic acid anhydride, trimethyl boron and The molar ratio of is 10:0.5:0.001:0.002, the epoxy compound of the flexible segment is a complex of ethylene oxide and allyl glycidyl ether in a molar ratio of 10:1, the cyclic anhydride is a complex of chloromaleic anhydride and nadic anhydride in a mass ratio of 10:1, carbon dioxide is charged to 2.5MPa, and the reaction is carried out at 40°C for 10h;

[0069] (2) Add the comonomer of the rigid segment. The molar ratio of cyclohexane oxide to the compounded cyclic anhydride containing double bonds is 10:2. The compounded cyclic anhydride containing double bonds is a mixture of chloromaleic anhydride and nadic anhydride in a mass ratio of 10:1. The molar ratio of the epoxy compound to cyclohexane oxide in the flexible segment is 6:4. Maintain the reaction conditions and continue copolymerization for 8 hours. After washing, a copolymer rubber compound is obtained.

[0070] (3) The obtained copolymer rubber was mixed with DTBP and carbon black N660 in a mass ratio of 48.5:1.5:50 and devolatilized at 80°C and mixed for 30 minutes.

[0071] Example 8

[0072] (1) The soft segment comonomer and triethylborane and Put into the reaction kettle, wherein the comonomers of the soft segment are epoxy compound and cyclic acid anhydride, epoxy compound, cyclic acid anhydride, triethyl boron and The molar ratio of the two compounds is 10:1:0.002:0.005. The epoxy compound of the flexible chain segment is a complex of propylene oxide and allyl glycidyl ether in a molar ratio of 10:4. The cyclic anhydride is a complex of chloromaleic anhydride and nadic anhydride in a mass ratio of 10:4. Carbon dioxide is introduced to 1.5 MPa and the reaction is carried out at 60°C for 3 hours.

[0073] (2) Add the comonomer of the rigid segment. The molar ratio of cyclohexane oxide to cyclic anhydride in the comonomer of the rigid segment is 10:3. The cyclic anhydride is a mixture of chloromaleic anhydride and nadic anhydride in a mass ratio of 10:4. The molar ratio of the epoxy compound to cyclohexane oxide in the flexible segment is 8:2. Maintain the reaction conditions and continue copolymerization for 1 hour. After washing, a copolymer rubber is obtained.

[0074] (3) The obtained copolymer rubber and DCP were added in a mass ratio of 98.5:1.5, and the mixture was devolatilized at 100°C and mixed for 10 minutes.

[0075] Example 9

[0076] (1) The soft segment comonomer and triethylborane and Put into the reactor, wherein the comonomers of the soft segment are ethylene oxide and maleic anhydride, ethylene oxide, maleic anhydride, triethyl boron and The molar ratio of 10:2:0.001:0.002 was set, carbon dioxide was introduced to 2.0 MPa, and the reaction was carried out at 50°C for 8 h;

[0077] (2) Add the comonomer of the rigid segment, wherein the molar ratio of cyclohexane oxide to maleic anhydride in the comonomer of the rigid segment is 10:4, and the molar ratio of ethylene oxide to cyclohexane oxide in the flexible segment is 7:3. Maintain the reaction conditions and continue copolymerization for 4 hours; after washing, obtain the copolymer rubber;

[0078] (3) The obtained copolymer rubber was mixed with DCP and carbon black N550 in a mass ratio of 64:1:35 and devolatilized at 85°C and mixed for 20 minutes.

[0079] The rubber materials prepared in each embodiment were sampled and tested, and the performance test results are shown in Table 1.

[0080] The high-temperature tensile strength retention rate is the ratio of the tensile strength of the sample after being kept at 120°C for 30 minutes to the original strength; the aging tensile strength retention rate is the strength retention rate of the sample after 1000 hours of exposure (indoor ultraviolet simulated exposure conditions, using UVA-340 lamps, 0.45W / m², 40°C, 10% humidity, and continuous light).

[0081] Table 1 Performance test results

[0082] .

[0083] The results in Table 1 demonstrate that the CO2-based rubber material of the present invention exhibits excellent overall performance. Example 1 exhibits optimal balance, while Example 4, lacking the addition of double-bond anhydride, results in a significant decline in performance, confirming the critical role of the double-bond structure in the crosslinked network. Overall, the data demonstrate that through the rigid-flexible segment design, double-bond anhydride compounding, and step-by-step polymerization process, the present invention achieves significant improvements in mechanical strength, heat aging resistance, and processability.

[0084] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any other manner. Any person skilled in the art may utilize the above-disclosed technical content to modify or modify the present invention into equivalent embodiments. However, any simple modifications, equivalent variations, and modifications to the above embodiments that do not depart from the technical content of the present invention and are based on the technical essence of the present invention remain within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A carbon dioxide-based rubber material, characterized in that: The main component is a sulfurized or unsulfurized unsaturated carbon dioxide copolymer cross-linked by double bonds, and the molecular chain of the unsaturated carbon dioxide copolymer consists of a rigid segment and a flexible segment; The structural formula of the unsaturated carbon dioxide copolymer is: ； Wherein, R is H, methyl or olefin group, R1 is aromatic group or olefin group, R2 is olefin group, and R3 is cyclohexyl or cyclopentyl group; 1≤a≤200, 0≤b≤100, 0≤c≤100, 1≤x≤100, 1≤y≤100, 0≤z≤10.

2. A carbon dioxide-based rubber material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The unsaturated carbon dioxide copolymer has a three-segment molecular chain structure consisting of a rigid segment, a flexible segment, and a rigid segment.

3. The carbon dioxide-based rubber material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The structural formula of the unsaturated carbon dioxide copolymer is: ； or ； Among them, 1≤a≤200, 0≤b≤100, 0≤c≤100, 1≤x≤100, 1≤y≤100, 0≤z≤10.

4. A carbon dioxide-based rubber material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The total molar proportion of the repeating units of the flexible segment on the molecular chain of the carbon dioxide copolymer is 60% to 80%, and the total molar proportion of the repeating units of the rigid segment on the molecular chain of the carbon dioxide copolymer is 20% to 40%; The comonomers of the flexible segment include epoxy compounds, carbon dioxide and any cyclic acid anhydride, wherein the epoxy compound is at least one of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide and any double bond-containing epoxy compound; The comonomers of the rigid chain segment include cyclic anhydrides, carbon dioxide, rigid epoxy compounds, any double-bond epoxy compounds and any p-toluenesulfonyl isocyanate; wherein the rigid epoxy compound is at least one of epoxycyclohexane and epoxycyclopentane, and the cyclic anhydride includes at least one double-bond cyclic anhydride.

5. The carbon dioxide-based rubber material according to claim 4, characterized in that: The double-bond-containing cyclic anhydride is at least one of maleic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, nadic anhydride, halogenated maleic anhydride, dimethylmaleic anhydride, dodecenylsuccinic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, cis-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride and methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride; and the double-bond-containing epoxy compound is allyl glycidyl ether.

6. The carbon dioxide-based rubber material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) Put the comonomer of the soft segment, the catalyst and the initiator into the reactor, fill it with carbon dioxide to 1.5MPa~2.5MPa, and react at 40℃~60℃ for 3h~12h; (2) Add the comonomer of the rigid chain segment and continue copolymerization for 1 h to 8 h while maintaining the reaction conditions; after washing, obtain the copolymer rubber; (3) The obtained polymer is subjected to a cross-linking reaction.

7. The carbon dioxide-based rubber material according to claim 6, characterized in that: The catalyst is a metal catalyst or an organic borane catalyst.

8. The carbon dioxide-based rubber material according to claim 6, characterized in that: The initiator is a saturated or unsaturated dibasic or tetrabasic onium salt of an aliphatic or aromatic acid.

9. The carbon dioxide-based rubber material according to claim 8, characterized in that: The initiator includes 、 、 、 and At least one of .

10. The carbon dioxide-based rubber material according to claim 6, characterized in that During the cross-linking reaction in step (3), a vulcanizing agent and a reinforcing filler are also added; the vulcanizing agent is sulfur or a peroxide vulcanization system, and the reinforcing filler is at least one of carbon black N550, N660 or N774; the mixing temperature is 80°C to 160°C, and the mixing time is 10 min to 30 min.

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