Reservoir surface layer water temperature cooling evaporation inhibition system and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of pumped storage, and discloses a reservoir surface layer water temperature reduction evaporation suppression system and method.The reservoir surface layer water temperature reduction evaporation suppression system comprises a reservoir bottom plume generation subsystem and a side wall water circulation subsystem, and the reservoir bottom plume generation subsystem comprises a gas injection device arranged at the bottom of a reservoir; the side wall water circulation subsystem comprises a side wall water circulation device arranged in a reservoir side wall area; wherein the gas injection device is configured to inject gas into the bottom of the reservoir to form gas-water two-phase plume, and mixing of surface water and bottom water is promoted; and the side wall water circulating device is configured to extract side wall low-temperature water to exchange heat with surface water. The water body temperature layering structure is effectively damaged, the side wall deep low-temperature water is continuously pumped to the surface layer water area through the circulating device, the stable state that the surface layer water temperature gradient is weakened and evaporation driving force is reduced is formed under the dual action, and finally the purposes of inhibiting water surface evaporation and maintaining the water storage capacity of the reservoir are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of pumped storage, and in particular to a system and method for cooling and suppressing evaporation of surface water in a reservoir. Background Art

[0002] Open reservoirs face the problem of water evaporation, a particularly serious issue in regions with low rainfall and long sunshine hours, such as northern and northwestern my country. Pumped-storage power plants typically have upper and lower reservoirs. If the reservoirs cannot be replenished through runoff, evaporation from the reservoirs requires constant replenishment, which is a significant operating cost for the reservoirs and a significant expense for the power plant. If evaporation from pumped-storage power plants can be curbed, replenishment costs can be reduced, improving overall economic efficiency.

[0003] To address the above issues, there are currently a variety of technologies to suppress reservoir evaporation, such as:

[0004] Photovoltaic panel coverage: Floating photovoltaic panels are laid on open reservoirs to generate electricity while blocking direct sunlight from the water.

[0005] Physical covering method: Use polymer material coverings (such as sunshades, sunshade balls) to lay a large area on the protected water surface, physically block the sunlight, reduce water surface problems, increase condensation and thus reduce reservoir evaporation.

[0006] Windbreaks: Planting windbreaks changes wind direction, wind speed and other wind field characteristics, reducing evaporation.

[0007] Chemical film method: Cover the surface of the reservoir with chemical substances (such as long-chain fatty alcohols, modified cellulose, etc.) to reduce water evaporation.

[0008] However, the above method is costly and has adverse effects on the environment. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In view of this, the present invention provides a system and method for cooling the surface water temperature of a reservoir and suppressing evaporation, so as to solve the problems of high cost and adverse impact on the environment of existing reservoir evaporation suppression technologies.

[0010] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a system for cooling and suppressing evaporation of surface water in a reservoir, comprising:

[0011] The reservoir bottom plume generation subsystem includes a gas injection device installed at the bottom of the reservoir;

[0012] The side wall water circulation subsystem includes a side wall water circulation device arranged in the side wall area of ​​the reservoir;

[0013] The gas injection device is configured to inject gas into the bottom of the reservoir to form a gas-water two-phase plume to promote mixing of surface water and bottom water;

[0014] The side wall water circulation device is configured to extract low-temperature water from the side wall to perform heat exchange with surface water.

[0015] In the present invention, the reservoir bottom plume generation subsystem continuously injects gas into the bottom of the reservoir through a gas injection device, and forms a vertically rising gas-water two-phase plume under the coupling of gravity and buoyancy. During the rising process, the plume entrains the bottom low-temperature water body and produces forced convection mixing with the surface high-temperature water body, effectively destroying the water body temperature stratification structure; at the same time, the side wall water circulation subsystem relies on the low-temperature water area characteristics of the side wall area of ​​the reservoir, and continuously pumps the low-temperature water in the deep layer of the side wall to the surface water area through a circulation device, and uses the sensible heat exchange between the low-temperature water and the surface water to reduce the water surface temperature. Under the dual action, a stable state is formed in which the surface water temperature gradient is weakened and the evaporation driving force is reduced, ultimately achieving the goal of suppressing water surface evaporation and maintaining the water storage capacity of the reservoir.

[0016] In an optional embodiment, the gas injection device includes:

[0017] Air compressor, installed near the water surface of the reservoir;

[0018] a pressure pipe connecting the air compressor and the underwater gas distribution pipe;

[0019] The gas distribution pipeline is erected above the bottom of the reservoir through a bracket, and the gas distribution pipeline maintains a predetermined distance from the bottom of the reservoir.

[0020] In the present invention, an air compressor arranged in the area near the water surface of the reservoir transports high-pressure gas to an underwater gas distribution pipe through a pressure pipe. The gas distribution pipe is lifted to a predetermined height above the reservoir bottom by a bracket to avoid disturbing the bottom mud. When the high-pressure gas is continuously released from the gas distribution pipe, a dense bubble group is formed under the action of buoyancy and rises vertically. During the rising process, the bubble group entrains the bottom low-temperature water to form a vertical convection channel, accelerating the forced mixing of the bottom low-temperature water and the surface high-temperature water. At the same time, the turbulent disturbance caused by the bubble burst further enhances the temperature difference diffusion effect of the water body, thereby forming a continuous heat exchange path from the bottom of the reservoir to the water surface, effectively reducing the surface water temperature and suppressing the evaporation energy efficiency.

[0021] In an optional embodiment, the gas distribution pipeline is provided with a plurality of gas nozzles, each nozzle comprising:

[0022] Conical nozzle, the surface of which is provided with a nozzle with a gradually decreasing cross section;

[0023] The branch pipe section connects the conical nozzle and the gas distribution pipeline.

[0024] In the present invention, the multiple gas nozzles arranged on the surface of the gas distribution pipe accelerate the injection of high-pressure gas through the tapered nozzle of the conical nozzle. The tapered structure increases the gas flow rate and forms a stable jet beam; the branch pipe section serves as a connecting channel to evenly distribute the gas to each conical nozzle. At the same time, the directional high-speed airflow formed by the tapered nozzle effectively suppresses the backflow of impurities in the water body, thereby achieving efficient mixing of the bubble group and the water body and improving the heat exchange intensity, and ultimately enhancing the gradient weakening effect of the surface water temperature.

[0025] In an optional embodiment, the nozzle further comprises:

[0026] Heat dissipation fins are arranged in a ring shape on the outer surface of the conical nozzle;

[0027] The heat dissipation ribs are arranged on the outer surface of the branch pipe section.

[0028] In the present invention, the heat dissipation ribs arranged in a ring shape on the outer surface of the conical nozzle accelerate the heat dissipation of the high-pressure gas when it flows through the nozzle by increasing the contact area with the surrounding water body; at the same time, the heat dissipation ribs arranged on the outer surface of the branch pipe section can also accelerate the heat dissipation of the high-pressure gas to reduce the temperature of the high-pressure gas jet and avoid reducing the cooling effect on the surface water due to its high temperature.

[0029] In an optional embodiment, the axis of the oblique nozzle of the conical nozzle forms an angle of 15 degrees to 45 degrees with the vertical direction.

[0030] In an optional embodiment, the side wall water circulation subsystem includes:

[0031] Centrifugal pump, installed in the reservoir wall area;

[0032] The water inlet pipe extends along the side wall of the reservoir to a predetermined depth where the water temperature is lower than the surface water temperature;

[0033] A water outlet pipe, the water outlet of which is arranged below the water surface.

[0034] In the present invention, a centrifugal pump installed in the reservoir wall area continuously extracts low-temperature water from the deep layer of the wall through an inlet pipe. The inlet pipe extends along the wall to a predetermined depth where the water temperature is significantly lower than that of the surface layer, for example, 3m-5m below the water surface. The extracted low-temperature water is discharged from the outlet pipe at a water outlet 1m-2m below the water surface. The momentum generated by the jet promotes forced mixing of the low-temperature water and the high-temperature water on the surface. At the same time, the water flow at the horizontally arranged outlet creates a lateral temperature difference and gravity flow, causing the low-temperature water to continuously diffuse toward the surface area. This establishes a low-temperature water transport path from the wall to the center of the reservoir, weakening the surface water temperature gradient and suppressing the driving force for evaporation, thereby achieving directional regulation of the energy exchange efficiency of the evaporation surface of the water body.

[0035] In an optional embodiment, the water inlet pipe is suitable for being arranged in a side wall area where there is natural shadow.

[0036] The arrangement of the water inlet pipe is based on the temperature distribution characteristics of the water body: the side wall area with natural shadows is preferentially selected as the water inlet positioning location. Due to the long-term lack of direct sunlight in this area, the vertical thermocline depth of the water body increases significantly, forming a stable low-temperature water area; after the water inlet pipe extends downward along such side wall to the low-temperature water enrichment layer, the local water body temperature stratification structure is broken by continuously extracting low-temperature water.

[0037] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a reservoir evaporation suppression method based on a reservoir surface water temperature reduction and evaporation suppression system, comprising the following steps:

[0038] The gas injection device installed at the bottom of the reservoir injects gas into the bottom water, forming an ascending gas-water two-phase plume and destroying the water temperature stratification structure;

[0039] The water in the low-temperature area of ​​the side wall is extracted through the side wall water circulation device installed on the side wall of the reservoir and transported to the surface water for heat exchange.

[0040] During use, gas is first injected into the bottom water body through the bottom gas injection device to form a vertically rising gas-water two-phase plume. During the bubble rising process, the plume carries the low-temperature water body to penetrate the thermocline, triggering forced convection mixing of the upper and lower water bodies, and breaking down the original water temperature stratification structure; at the same time, the side wall water circulation device extracts the deep water body of the side wall that has been in a low-temperature state for a long time through positioning, and injects it into the surface water area in a directional manner, and uses the sensible heat exchange between the low-temperature water and the surface water to reduce the water surface temperature; when the two systems operate in coordination, the vertical mixing flow formed by the gas plume and the horizontal temperature difference gravity flow generated by the side wall circulation are coupled with each other to form a three-dimensional heat exchange network, which reduces the evaporation driving force by continuously weakening the water surface temperature gradient, and finally establishes a thermodynamic equilibrium state of the water body that inhibits evaporation.

[0041] In an optional embodiment, the step of injecting gas into the bottom water body through a gas injection device provided at the bottom of the reservoir to form an ascending gas-water two-phase plume to destroy the water temperature stratification structure includes:

[0042] A conical gas nozzle is used for three-dimensional space jetting, wherein the axis of the nozzle's oblique nozzle forms an angle of 15-45 degrees with the vertical direction;

[0043] The ejected gas is cooled by the cooling ribs and the cooling ribs.

[0044] The gas injection process achieves stratification destruction by optimizing the jet morphology and heat exchange efficiency: a conical gas nozzle is used to accelerate the gas flow rate through a tapered cross-section structure to form a stable jet beam, and the nozzle axis is arranged at an angle of 15 degrees to 45 degrees to construct a three-dimensional space jet field. The multi-angle jet induces water flow rotation vortexes during the rising process, expanding the contact area between the low-temperature water body and the high-temperature water body; at the same time, the heat dissipation ribs and heat dissipation ribs arranged on the nozzle increase the surface area of ​​the gas flow channel and utilize the natural convection of the water body to continuously remove the heat carried by the compressed gas, thereby reducing the temperature of the high-pressure gas jet and preventing it from reducing the cooling effect on the surface water due to its high temperature.

[0045] In an optional embodiment, the step of extracting water from the low-temperature zone of the side wall by a side wall water circulation device provided on the side wall of the reservoir and transporting it to the surface water for heat exchange includes:

[0046] Select the side wall of the mountain shadow area or vegetation shade area as the low-temperature water extraction area;

[0047] Pump low-temperature water from a depth of 3m-5m below the water surface through the water inlet pipe;

[0048] The pumped water is sprayed into the surface water through an outlet 1m-2m below the water surface.

[0049] The side walls of mountain shadow areas or vegetation shade areas are preferentially selected as low-temperature water extraction areas. Due to the long-term lack of solar radiation, stable low-temperature water areas are formed in this area. The water inlet pipe extends vertically to a depth of 3m-5m below the water surface to accurately locate the low-temperature water enrichment layer, and the local thermodynamic equilibrium is broken by continuously extracting low-temperature water from this layer. The extracted water is released in the form of a horizontal jet through the outlet at 1m-2m below the water surface. The jet momentum drives the low-temperature water to form a horizontally expanding temperature difference gravity flow, and the convection effect caused by its density difference causes the low-temperature water to diffuse horizontally along the surface. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0051] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a reservoir surface water temperature reduction and evaporation suppression system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of a gas nozzle in a reservoir surface water temperature cooling and evaporation suppression system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] Description of reference numerals:

[0054] 1. Air compressor;

[0055] 2. Pressure pipe;

[0056] 3. Gas distribution pipeline;

[0057] 4. Gas nozzle;

[0058] 5. Bracket;

[0059] 6. Water outlet pipe;

[0060] 7. Centrifugal pump;

[0061] 8. Water inlet pipe;

[0062] 9. Conical nozzle;

[0063] 10. Branch pipe section;

[0064] 11. Heat dissipation ribs;

[0065] 12. Nozzle;

[0066] 13. Heat dissipation ribs. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0067] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0068] Open reservoirs face the problem of water evaporation, a particularly serious issue in regions with low rainfall and long sunshine hours, such as northern and northwestern my country. Pumped-storage power plants typically have upper and lower reservoirs. If the reservoirs cannot be replenished through runoff, evaporation from the reservoirs requires constant replenishment, which is a significant operating cost for the reservoirs and a significant expense for the power plant. If evaporation from pumped-storage power plants can be curbed, replenishment costs can be reduced, improving overall economic efficiency.

[0069] To address the above issues, there are currently a variety of technologies to suppress reservoir evaporation, such as:

[0070] Photovoltaic panel coverage: Floating photovoltaic panels are laid on open reservoirs to generate electricity while blocking direct sunlight from the water.

[0071] Physical covering method: Use polymer material coverings (such as sunshades, sunshade balls) to lay a large area on the protected water surface, physically block the sunlight, reduce water surface problems, increase condensation and thus reduce reservoir evaporation.

[0072] Windbreaks: Planting windbreaks changes wind direction, wind speed and other wind field characteristics, reducing evaporation.

[0073] Chemical film method: Cover the surface of the reservoir with chemical substances (such as long-chain fatty alcohols, modified cellulose, etc.) to reduce water evaporation.

[0074] However, the above method is costly and has adverse effects on the environment.

[0075] The following combination Figures 1 to 2 , describing embodiments of the present invention.

[0076] According to an embodiment of the present invention, on the one hand, a reservoir surface water temperature cooling and evaporation suppression system is provided, including a reservoir bottom plume generation subsystem and a side wall water circulation subsystem, the reservoir bottom plume generation subsystem includes a gas injection device arranged at the bottom of the reservoir; the side wall water circulation subsystem includes a side wall water circulation device arranged in the side wall area of ​​the reservoir; wherein the gas injection device is configured to inject gas into the bottom of the reservoir to form a gas-water two-phase plume, thereby promoting the mixing of surface water and bottom water; the side wall water circulation device is configured to extract low-temperature water from the side wall for heat exchange with the surface water.

[0077] In this embodiment, the reservoir bottom plume generation subsystem continuously injects gas into the bottom of the reservoir through a gas injection device, forming a vertically rising gas-water two-phase plume under the coupling of gravity and buoyancy. During the rising process, the plume entrains the bottom low-temperature water body and produces forced convection mixing with the surface high-temperature water body, effectively destroying the water temperature stratification structure; at the same time, the side wall water circulation subsystem relies on the low-temperature water area characteristics of the reservoir side wall area, and continuously pumps the low-temperature water in the deep side wall to the surface water area through a circulation device, and uses the sensible heat exchange between the low-temperature water and the surface water to reduce the water surface temperature. Under the dual effects, a stable state is formed in which the surface water temperature gradient is weakened and the evaporation driving force is reduced, ultimately achieving the goals of suppressing water surface evaporation and maintaining the reservoir water storage capacity.

[0078] In one embodiment, the gas injection device includes an air compressor 1, a pressure pipe 2 and a bracket 5. The air compressor 1 is arranged in the area near the water surface of the reservoir; the pressure pipe 2 connects the air compressor 1 and the underwater gas distribution pipe 3; wherein, the gas distribution pipe 3 is erected above the bottom of the reservoir through the bracket 5, and the gas distribution pipe 3 maintains a predetermined distance from the bottom of the reservoir.

[0079] In the above embodiment, the air compressor 1 arranged in the area near the water surface of the reservoir transports high-pressure gas to the underwater gas distribution pipe 3 through the pressure pipe 2, and the gas distribution pipe 3 is lifted to a predetermined height above the bottom of the reservoir by the bracket 5 to avoid disturbing the bottom mud; when the high-pressure gas is continuously released from the gas distribution pipe 3, a dense bubble group is formed under the action of buoyancy and rises vertically. During the rising process, the bubble group entrains the bottom low-temperature water to form a vertical convection channel, accelerating the forced mixing of the bottom low-temperature water and the surface high-temperature water. At the same time, the turbulent disturbance caused by the bubble burst further enhances the temperature difference diffusion effect of the water body, thereby forming a continuous heat exchange path from the bottom of the reservoir to the water surface, effectively reducing the surface water temperature and suppressing the evaporation energy efficiency.

[0080] Specifically, the gas distribution pipeline 3 is lifted to 3m-5m above the bottom of the reservoir by the support 5.

[0081] In one embodiment, the gas distribution pipeline 3 is provided with multiple gas nozzles 4, each nozzle includes a conical nozzle 9 and a branch pipe section 10, and the surface of the conical nozzle 9 is provided with a nozzle 12 with a tapered cross-section; the branch pipe section 10 connects the conical nozzle 9 and the gas distribution pipeline 3.

[0082] In the above embodiment, a plurality of gas nozzles 4 arranged on the surface of the gas distribution pipe 3 accelerate the injection of high-pressure gas through the tapered nozzle 12 of the conical nozzle 9. The tapered structure increases the gas flow rate and forms a stable jet beam; the branch pipe section 10 serves as a connecting channel to evenly distribute the gas to each conical nozzle 9. At the same time, the directional high-speed airflow formed by the tapered nozzle 12 effectively suppresses the backflow of impurities in the water body, thereby achieving efficient mixing of the bubble group and the water body and improving the heat exchange intensity, and ultimately enhancing the gradient weakening effect of the surface water temperature.

[0083] In one embodiment, the nozzle further includes heat dissipation ribs 13 and heat dissipation rib plates 11 . The heat dissipation ribs 13 are arranged in a ring shape on the outer surface of the conical nozzle 9 ; the heat dissipation rib plates 11 are provided on the outer surface of the branch pipe section 10 .

[0084] In the above embodiment, the heat dissipation ribs 13 arranged in an annular shape on the outer surface of the conical nozzle 9 accelerate the heat dissipation of the high-pressure gas when it flows through the nozzle by increasing the contact area with the surrounding water body; at the same time, the heat dissipation ribs 11 arranged on the outer surface of the branch pipe section 10 can also accelerate the heat dissipation of the high-pressure gas to reduce the temperature of the high-pressure gas jet, thereby avoiding the reduction of the cooling effect on the surface water due to its high temperature.

[0085] In one embodiment, the axis of the oblique nozzle 12 of the conical nozzle 9 forms an angle of 15 to 45 degrees with the vertical direction. Specifically, the angle may be 15, 30 or 45 degrees.

[0086] In one embodiment, the side wall water circulation subsystem includes a centrifugal pump 7, an inlet pipe 8 and an outlet pipe 6. The centrifugal pump 7 is arranged in the side wall area of ​​the reservoir; the inlet pipe 8 extends along the side wall of the reservoir to a predetermined depth where the water temperature is lower than the surface water temperature; the outlet of the outlet pipe 6 is arranged below the water surface.

[0087] In the above embodiment, the working mode of the side wall water circulation subsystem is specifically manifested as follows:

[0088] A centrifugal pump 7, installed in the reservoir's sidewall, continuously extracts low-temperature water from the deep layer of the sidewall through an inlet pipe. The inlet pipe extends along the sidewall to a predetermined depth where the water temperature is significantly lower than that of the surface, for example, 3-5 meters below the water surface. The extracted low-temperature water is discharged through an outlet pipe 6 from a water outlet located 1-2 meters below the water surface. The momentum generated by the jet forces the low-temperature water to mix with the high-temperature surface water, while the water flow at the horizontal outlet creates a lateral temperature gradient, causing the low-temperature water to continuously diffuse toward the surface. This creates a low-temperature water transport path from the sidewall to the center of the reservoir, weakening the surface water temperature gradient and suppressing the driving force for evaporation, thereby achieving directional regulation of the energy exchange efficiency of the evaporation surface.

[0089] In one embodiment, the water inlet pipe is adapted to be arranged in a side wall area where there is natural shadow.

[0090] In the above embodiment, the arrangement of the water inlet pipe is based on the temperature distribution characteristics of the water body: the side wall area with natural shadows is preferentially selected as the water inlet positioning position. Due to the long-term lack of direct sunlight in this area, the vertical thermocline depth of the water body increases significantly, forming a stable low-temperature water area; after the water inlet pipe extends downward along such side wall to the low-temperature water enrichment layer, the local water body temperature stratification structure is broken by continuously extracting low-temperature water.

[0091] According to an embodiment of the present invention, on the other hand, a method for suppressing reservoir evaporation is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0092] The gas injection device installed at the bottom of the reservoir injects gas into the bottom water, forming an ascending gas-water two-phase plume and destroying the water temperature stratification structure;

[0093] The water in the low-temperature area of ​​the side wall is extracted through the side wall water circulation device installed on the side wall of the reservoir and transported to the surface water for heat exchange.

[0094] During use, gas is first injected into the bottom water body through the bottom gas injection device to form a vertically rising gas-water two-phase plume. During the bubble rising process, the plume carries the low-temperature water body to penetrate the thermocline, triggering forced convection mixing of the upper and lower water bodies, and breaking down the original water temperature stratification structure; at the same time, the side wall water circulation device extracts the deep water body of the side wall that has been in a low-temperature state for a long time through positioning, and injects it into the surface water area in a directional manner, and uses the sensible heat exchange between the low-temperature water and the surface water to reduce the water surface temperature; when the two systems operate in coordination, the vertical mixing flow formed by the gas plume and the horizontal temperature difference gravity flow generated by the side wall circulation are coupled with each other to form a three-dimensional heat exchange network, which reduces the evaporation driving force by continuously weakening the water surface temperature gradient, and finally establishes a thermodynamic equilibrium state of the water body that inhibits evaporation.

[0095] In one embodiment, the step of injecting gas into the bottom water body by a gas injection device disposed at the bottom of the reservoir to form an ascending gas-water two-phase plume to destroy the water temperature stratification structure includes:

[0096] A conical gas nozzle 4 is used for three-dimensional space jetting, and the axis of the nozzle oblique nozzle 12 forms an angle of 15 degrees to 45 degrees with the vertical direction; the sprayed gas is cooled by the heat dissipation ribs 13 and the heat dissipation rib plate 11.

[0097] In the above embodiment, the gas injection process achieves stratification destruction by optimizing the jet morphology and heat exchange efficiency: a conical gas nozzle 4 is used to accelerate the gas flow rate through a tapered cross-section structure to form a stable jet beam, and the axis of the nozzle 12 is arranged at an angle of 15 degrees to 45 degrees to construct a three-dimensional space jet field. The multi-angle jet induces water flow rotation vortexes during the rising process, thereby expanding the contact area between the low-temperature water body and the high-temperature water body; at the same time, the heat dissipation ribs 13 and the heat dissipation ribs 11 arranged on the nozzle increase the surface area of ​​the gas flow channel and utilize the natural convection of the water body to continuously remove the heat carried by the compressed gas, so as to reduce the temperature of the high-pressure gas jet and avoid reducing the cooling effect on the surface water due to its high temperature.

[0098] In one embodiment, a step of extracting water from a low-temperature area of ​​the side wall by a side wall water circulation device provided on the side wall of the reservoir and transporting the water to the surface water for heat exchange includes:

[0099] Select the side wall of the mountain shadow area or vegetation shade area as the low-temperature water extraction area;

[0100] Pump low-temperature water from a depth of 3m-5m below the water surface through the water inlet pipe;

[0101] The pumped water is sprayed into the surface water through an outlet 1m-2m below the water surface.

[0102] In the above embodiment, the side wall of the mountain shadow area or the vegetation shade area is preferably selected as the low-temperature water extraction area. This area forms a stable low-temperature water area due to the long-term lack of solar radiation; the water inlet pipe extends vertically to a depth of 3m-5m below the water surface to accurately locate the low-temperature water enrichment layer, and the local thermodynamic equilibrium is broken by continuously extracting the low-temperature water in this layer; the extracted water is released in the form of a horizontal jet at 1m-2m below the water surface through the outlet, and the jet momentum drives the low-temperature water to form a horizontally expanded temperature difference gravity flow, and the convection effect caused by its density difference causes the low-temperature water to diffuse horizontally along the surface.

[0103] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such modifications and variations are all within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A reservoir surface water temperature cooling and evaporation suppression system, characterized in that: include: The reservoir bottom plume generation subsystem includes a gas injection device installed at the bottom of the reservoir; The side wall water circulation subsystem includes a side wall water circulation device arranged in the side wall area of ​​the reservoir; The gas injection device is configured to inject gas into the bottom of the reservoir to form a gas-water two-phase plume to promote mixing of surface water and bottom water; The side wall water circulation device is configured to extract low-temperature water from the side wall to perform heat exchange with surface water.

2. The reservoir surface water temperature cooling and evaporation suppression system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The gas injection device comprises: An air compressor (1) is arranged in an area near the water surface of the reservoir; A pressure pipe (2) connecting the air compressor (1) and the underwater gas distribution pipe (3); The gas distribution pipeline (3) is erected above the bottom of the reservoir via a bracket (5), and the gas distribution pipeline (3) maintains a predetermined distance from the bottom of the reservoir.

3. The reservoir surface water temperature cooling and evaporation suppression system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The gas distribution pipe (3) is provided with a plurality of gas nozzles (4), each nozzle comprising: A conical nozzle (9) having a nozzle (12) with a gradually decreasing cross section provided on its surface; The branch pipe section (10) connects the conical nozzle (9) and the gas distribution pipe (3).

4. The reservoir surface water temperature cooling and evaporation suppression system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The nozzle further comprises: Heat dissipation fins (13) are arranged in an annular shape on the outer surface of the conical nozzle (9); The heat dissipation ribs (11) are arranged on the outer surface of the branch pipe section (10).

5. The reservoir surface water temperature cooling and evaporation suppression system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The axis of the oblique nozzle (12) of the conical nozzle (9) forms an angle of 15 to 45 degrees with the vertical direction.

6. The reservoir surface water temperature cooling and evaporation suppression system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side wall water circulation subsystem includes: a centrifugal pump (7), arranged in the reservoir side wall area; A water inlet pipe (8) is connected to the water inlet of the centrifugal pump (7), and the water inlet pipe (8) extends along the side wall of the reservoir to a predetermined depth where the water temperature is lower than the surface water temperature; The water outlet pipe (6) is connected to the water outlet of the centrifugal pump (7), and the water outlet of the water outlet pipe (6) is arranged below the water surface.

7. The reservoir surface water temperature cooling and evaporation suppression system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The water inlet pipe (8) is suitable for being arranged in a side wall area where natural shadows exist.

8. A reservoir evaporation suppression method based on the reservoir surface water temperature cooling and evaporation suppression system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The steps include: The gas injection device installed at the bottom of the reservoir injects gas into the bottom water, forming an ascending gas-water two-phase plume and destroying the water temperature stratification structure; The water in the low-temperature area of ​​the side wall is extracted through the side wall water circulation device installed on the side wall of the reservoir and transported to the surface water for heat exchange.

9. The reservoir evaporation suppression method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The step of injecting gas into the bottom water body through a gas injection device provided at the bottom of the reservoir to form an ascending gas-water two-phase plume and destroy the water temperature stratification structure includes: A conical gas nozzle (4) is used to perform three-dimensional space jetting, wherein the axis of the nozzle oblique nozzle (12) forms an angle of 15 to 45 degrees with the vertical direction; The injection gas is cooled by the heat dissipation fins (13) and the heat dissipation ribs (11).

10. The reservoir evaporation suppression method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The step of extracting water from the low-temperature zone of the side wall by a side wall water circulation device provided on the side wall of the reservoir and transporting it to the surface water body for heat exchange includes: Select the side wall of the mountain shadow area or vegetation shade area as the low-temperature water extraction area; Pump low-temperature water from a depth of 3m-5m below the water surface through the water inlet pipe; The pumped water is sprayed into the surface water through an outlet 1m-2m below the water surface.

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