Downward-pressing type stretching energy-absorbing anti-impact buffering device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of anti-impact buffering energy absorption, in particular to a downward-pressing type stretching energy absorption anti-impact buffering device. A downward-pressing type stretching energy absorption anti-impact buffering device comprises an impingement plate, the bottom face of the impingement plate is connected with a buffering pressing disc, the buffering pressing disc is movably connected with a supporting frame, the supporting frame is connected with a chassis, the side inclined face of the supporting frame is movably connected with the outer side of the inclined face of the buffering pressing disc, and a plurality of fixing grooves are formed in the side straight face of the supporting frame. A fixing groove is formed in the base plate, a stretching energy absorption ring is sleeved with the fixing groove, the supporting frame and the buffering pressing plate are restrained together through the stretching energy absorption ring, a compression cavity is formed between the bottom face of the buffering pressing plate and the side inclined face of the supporting frame, a plurality of sliding rails are arranged on the base plate, and the bottom straight face of the supporting frame is arranged in the sliding rails. According to the anti-impact buffer device, the energy absorption mode of compression deformation of a traditional buffer is changed, impact energy is absorbed through tensile deformation of materials, the high energy absorption efficiency and the high material utilization rate are met, and the application prospect is wide.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of anti-impact buffering and energy absorption, and in particular to a downward-pressing tensile energy-absorbing and anti-impact buffering device. Background Art

[0002] Impact-absorbing devices are widely used in applications requiring the absorption or dispersion of impact energy, including rail transit, aerospace, and industrial equipment. When a high-speed train brakes suddenly or is struck by an external force, when a spacecraft takes off or lands, or when large equipment is in operation, these forces often create significant impacts, posing a potential threat to passengers and equipment. Therefore, energy-absorbing devices are indispensable in all fields. Their core principle is to absorb and disperse impact forces through material deformation, thereby protecting personnel and extending the life of equipment.

[0003] Currently, energy-absorbing buffers widely used in engineering applications primarily rely on the compression deformation of metal materials to dissipate energy, such as rigid long-rod compression buffers and foam-filled energy absorbers. These devices are relatively low-cost and the most commonly used. While they absorb energy through axial compression-induced material yielding, they only buffer the impact load in the localized area in contact with the load. This leads to drawbacks such as susceptibility to unstable fracture, low energy absorption efficiency, and irreversible deformation, making them non-reusable.

[0004] Considering the technical limitations of compression-based energy absorbers, researchers are attempting to use material tensile deformation to absorb impact energy. The new tensile energy absorber must meet the requirements of high energy absorption efficiency and material utilization, strong adaptability to different operating environments, and lightweight materials. It can be widely used in rail transportation, aerospace, industrial equipment, and other fields. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a downward-pressing tensile energy-absorbing and impact-proof buffer device. This impact-proof buffer device uses the tensile deformation of the material to absorb impact energy, which changes the energy absorption method of the traditional buffer's compression deformation. It not only meets the requirements of higher energy absorption efficiency and material utilization rate, but also achieves lightweight structure. It has broad application prospects in rail transportation, aerospace, industrial equipment and other fields.

[0006] In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the present invention discloses a downward-pressing tensile energy-absorbing and impact-proof buffer device, including a buffer plate, the bottom surface of the buffer plate is connected to the buffer pressure plate, the buffer pressure plate is movably connected to the support frame, the support frame is connected to the chassis, the buffer pressure plate includes a top surface and a bottom surface arranged parallel to the length direction of the buffer plate, and the length of the top surface of the buffer pressure plate is greater than the length of its bottom surface, and there is an inclined surface between the top surface and the bottom surface, the top surface of the buffer pressure plate is connected to the buffer plate, and the inclined surface of the buffer pressure plate is in contact with the support frame.

[0007] The support frame includes multiple sides, which are triangular structures, including a bottom straight surface, a side straight surface and a side inclined surface. The bottom straight surface of the support frame is connected to the chassis, and the side inclined surface of the support frame is movably connected to the outer side of the inclined surface of the buffer pressure plate. A plurality of fixing grooves are provided on the side straight surface of the support frame, and a stretching energy-absorbing ring is installed in the fixing groove. The stretching energy-absorbing ring constrains the support frame and the buffer pressure plate together, and forms a compression cavity between the bottom surface of the buffer pressure plate and the side inclined surface of the support frame. A plurality of slide rails are provided on the chassis, and the bottom straight surface of the support frame is provided in the slide rail.

[0008] Preferably, the number of the slide rails on the chassis is consistent with the number of the support frames, and the bottom straight surface of the support frames moves within the slide rails.

[0009] Preferably, the stretching energy-absorbing ring provided in the fixing groove on the side of the support frame is a circular ring woven from a high-toughness energy-absorbing material, and its cross-sectional diameter is 5-20 mm.

[0010] Preferably, the slide rails are evenly arranged along the circumference of the chassis.

[0011] Preferably, the buffer pressure plate is an inverted trapezoidal structure that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom.

[0012] Preferably, one stretch energy absorbing ring is sleeved in the fixing grooves of all the support frames.

[0013] Preferably, the slide rails are arranged in parallel and evenly on the chassis.

[0014] Preferably, the buffer pressure plate includes a plurality of buffer pressure plates, each buffer pressure plate does not contact each other, and each buffer pressure plate is movably connected to the corresponding support frame.

[0015] Preferably, the two side surfaces of the buffer pressure plate and the side inclined surfaces of the support frame are connected by sliding grooves, and a tensile energy absorption ring is sleeved in the fixing grooves of the two support frames connected to a buffer pressure plate.

[0016] Preferably, 8-15 fixing grooves are provided on the side straight surface of the support frame, and the diameter of the fixing groove is consistent with the diameter of the tensile energy-absorbing ring.

[0017] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: when an impact occurs, the anti-collision plate first contacts the impact load and disperses the stress to each buffer pressure plate. The inclined surface of the buffer pressure plate displaces downward along the side inclined surface of the support frame, and the support frame is pushed outward and expands outward along the slide rail on the chassis. Subsequently, the stretching energy-absorbing ring mounted on the outside of the support frame is gradually stretched open and tensilely deformed. Most of the impact energy is converted into plastic deformation energy through the tensile deformation of the tensile energy-absorbing ring, thereby achieving the effect of buffering the impact energy. Depending on the specific application scenario, multiple can be used and arranged into different arrays. The number of appropriate stretching energy-absorbing rings and cross-sectional diameter and other parameters can also be selected according to the size of the specific load impact force. When the impact force is too large and causes the stretching energy-absorbing ring to break, it can be replaced and used, thereby improving material utilization and energy absorption efficiency.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the stretching energy absorbing ring woven from high-toughness energy absorbing material is stretched and deformed, thereby absorbing the impact energy from collisions and equipment start-up and shutdown. Compared with the local compression energy absorption of traditional compression buffer devices, the stretching buffer of the present invention undergoes global stretching deformation through the structure, which greatly improves the energy absorption stability and material utilization rate. At the same time, the buffer has high adaptability, and different numbers and sizes of stretching energy absorbing rings can be selected according to the specific use environment and load size, so that the energy absorbing buffer device can cope with impacts of different intensities, thereby improving the absorbable load range of the energy absorbing buffer device. Most importantly, when the stretching energy absorbing ring fails, the support frame can be tightened inward to replace the failed energy absorbing ring, thereby achieving the purpose of fully utilizing the material and extending the life of the buffer. The buffer also takes into account the lightweight design of the structure, minimizes the use of materials, thereby reducing the overall weight of the product, which is of great significance to energy conservation and environmental protection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the non-set stretch energy absorbing ring; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Among them, 1. Anti-collision plate; 2. Buffer pressure plate; 3. Support frame; 4. Chassis; 5. Fixed groove; 6. Tensile energy absorption ring; 7. Slide rail. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the structure of the present invention.

[0022] Example 1: Figure 1-3 As shown, a downward-pressing tensile energy-absorbing and impact-proof buffer device includes a buffer plate 1, the bottom surface of the buffer plate 1 is connected to the buffer pressure plate 2, the buffer pressure plate 2 is movably connected to the support frame 3, the support frame 3 is connected to the chassis 4, the buffer pressure plate 2 includes a top surface and a bottom surface arranged parallel to the length direction of the buffer plate 1, and the length of the top surface of the buffer pressure plate 2 is greater than the length of its bottom surface, and there is an inclined surface between the top surface and the bottom surface, the top surface of the buffer pressure plate 2 is connected to the buffer plate 1, and the inclined surface of the buffer pressure plate 2 is in contact with the support frame 3.

[0023] The support frame 3 includes multiple parts, and its side surface is a triangular structure, including a bottom straight surface, a side straight surface and a side inclined surface. The bottom straight surface of the support frame 3 is connected to the chassis 4, and the side inclined surface of the support frame 3 is movably connected to the outer side of the inclined surface of the buffer pressure plate 2. A plurality of fixed grooves 5 are provided on the side straight surface of the support frame 3, and a stretching energy absorption ring 6 is installed in the fixed groove 5. The stretching energy absorption ring 6 constrains the support frame 3 and the buffer pressure plate 2 together, and forms a compression cavity between the bottom surface of the buffer pressure plate 2 and the side inclined surface of the support frame 3. A plurality of slide rails 7 are provided on the chassis 4, and the bottom straight surface of the support frame 3 is provided in the slide rail 7.

[0024] In this embodiment, the number of slide rails 7 on the chassis 4 is consistent with the number of support frames 3, and the bottom surface of the support frame 3 moves in the slide rails 7; the tensile energy absorption ring 6 arranged in the fixed groove 5 on the side surface of the support frame 3 is a circular ring woven from high-toughness energy absorption material, and its cross-sectional diameter is 5-20 mm; the slide rails 7 are evenly arranged along the circumference of the chassis 4.

[0025] The buffer pressure plate 2 is an inverted trapezoidal structure that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, and a tensile energy-absorbing ring 6 is sleeved in the fixing groove 5 of all the support frames 3 .

[0026] The chassis 4 is a 400mm diameter, 20mm thick aluminum alloy disc with six threaded holes for mounting the buffer device. Six centrally arranged rails 7 are milled on the chassis 4 at 60° intervals. The rails 7 are 10mm deep and 30mm wide. The support frames 3 are made of aluminum alloy, 30mm thick, and have 100mm right-angled sides. The bottom straight surfaces of the six support frames 3 are mounted on the rails 7 of the chassis 4, with the side straight surfaces with the fixing grooves 5 facing outward and the side bevels facing inward, contacting the side surfaces of the buffer platen 2. Fifteen fixing grooves 5 are milled on the side straight surfaces of the support frames 3. Each support frame 3 has the same structure and surrounds the outside of the buffer platen 2. The fixing grooves 5 have a diameter of 5mm. In this embodiment, the inverted concave-shaped buffer platen 2 can be welded together or directly fabricated as a single piece.

[0027] The tensile energy-absorbing ring 6 is a ring-shaped structure woven from nylon with a cross-sectional diameter of 5mm. Its number matches the number of fixing slots 5. Each tensile energy-absorbing ring 6 fits within the fixing slots 5 of all support frames 3, bringing all support frames 3 together and squeezing the buffer platen 2 located inside the support frames 3. The buffer platen 2 is an inverted trapezoidal structure, wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, with a top surface length of 300mm and a bottom surface length of 100mm. This structure allows it to easily move along the slope of the side slopes of the support frames 3.

[0028] When an impact occurs, the impact plate 1 bears the impact load and transfers the stress to the buffer plate 2. The buffer plate 2 moves downward along the side slope of the support frame 3. Since there is a compression cavity between the buffer plate 2 and the support frame 3, the buffer plate 2 can move downward. As the buffer plate 2 moves downward, the support frame 3, which is gathered together by the stretched energy-absorbing ring 6, gradually spreads outward, driving the stretched energy-absorbing ring 6 to undergo tensile deformation. During this period, the impact energy is converted into the kinetic energy of the displacement of the buffer plate 2 and the support frame 3, and the plastic deformation energy of the tensile deformation of the stretched energy-absorbing ring 6, thereby achieving efficient energy dissipation.

[0029] Example 2: Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the inverted, integrated buffer platen 2 of the first embodiment is replaced with multiple, parallel, individual plate-type buffer platens 2. Each buffer platen 2 has a set of symmetrical support frames 3, each of which contacts two inclined surfaces. Slideways connect the two side surfaces of the buffer platen 2 to the side inclined surfaces of the support frames 3, and a tensile energy-absorbing ring 6 fits within the fixing slots 5 of the two support frames 3 to which each buffer platen 2 is connected.

[0030] In this embodiment, multiple groups of buffer platens 2, support frames 3, and stretching energy-absorbing rings 6 are formed, and the number of these groups is consistent with the number of slide rails 7 provided on the chassis 4. When the impact plate 1 is impacted, the stress is transferred to the multiple buffer platens 2. Then, each buffer platen 2 moves downward, and the two support frames 3 connected to the sides of the buffer platen 2 move outward, driving the stretching energy-absorbing rings 6 mounted on the two support frames 3 to diffuse outward and undergo tensile deformation. During this period, the impact energy is converted into the kinetic energy of the displacement of the multiple buffer platens 2 and support frames 3, and the plastic deformation energy of the tensile deformation of the stretching energy-absorbing rings 6, thereby achieving efficient energy dissipation.

[0031] The chassis 4 is a 330mm x 220mm aluminum alloy rectangular structure with a thickness of 20mm. It features four parallel rails 7, each 10mm deep and 30mm wide. Two triangular support frames 3 are arranged opposite each other to form a set and placed within each rail 7. Four sets of support frames 3 are then placed within each rail 7. Each support frame 3 has eight fixing slots 5 with a diameter of 5mm on its outer surface. Eight stretching energy-absorbing rings 6 are attached to each set of support frames 3. The stretching energy-absorbing rings 6 are woven from carbon fiber and have a cross-sectional diameter of 5mm. The buffer plate 2 is a trapezoidal plate with a thickness of 20mm, a top surface length of 300mm, and a bottom surface length of 100mm. A sliding groove connects the buffer plate 2 and support frame 3, facilitating downward movement of the buffer plate 2 along the inclined side of the support frame 3. The buffer plate 2, support frame 3, and chassis 4 rails 7 are all arranged linearly, which enhances structural stability. The anti-collision plate 1 is a rectangular structure with the same size as the chassis 4 and a thickness of 10 mm.

[0032] During installation, first install the support frame 3 in the slide rail 7 on the chassis 4, and tighten the support frame 3 inward, then put the stretching energy absorption ring 6 into the fixed groove 5 of the support frame 3, and then press the buffer pressure plate 2 into the corresponding support frame 3 to ensure the active contact between the buffer pressure plate 2 and the support frame 3, so that the support frame 3 can naturally expand the stretching energy absorption ring 6 installed on the outside.

[0033] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A downward-pressing tensile energy-absorbing and impact-proof buffer device, comprising an impact-proof plate, characterized in that: The bottom surface of the anti-collision plate is connected to the buffer pressure plate, the buffer pressure plate is movably connected to the support frame, and the support frame is connected to the chassis. The buffer pressure plate includes a top surface and a bottom surface arranged in parallel with the length direction of the anti-collision plate, and the length of the top surface of the buffer pressure plate is greater than the length of the bottom surface thereof, and an inclined surface is provided between the top surface and the bottom surface, the top surface of the buffer pressure plate is connected to the anti-collision plate, and the inclined surface of the buffer pressure plate is in contact with the support frame, The support frame includes multiple parts, and its side surface is a triangular structure, including a bottom straight surface, a side straight surface and a side inclined surface. The bottom straight surface of the support frame is connected to the chassis, and the side inclined surface of the support frame is movably connected to the outer side of the inclined surface of the buffer pressure plate. A plurality of fixing grooves are provided on the side straight surface of the support frame, and a stretching energy absorbing ring is set in the fixing groove. The stretching energy absorbing ring constrains the support frame and the buffer pressure plate together, and forms a compression cavity between the bottom surface of the buffer pressure plate and the side inclined surface of the support frame. A plurality of slide rails are arranged on the chassis, and the bottom straight surface of the support frame is arranged in the slide rails.

2. The downward-pressing tensile energy-absorbing and impact-proof buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the slide rails on the chassis is consistent with the number of the support frames, and the bottom straight surface of the support frames moves within the slide rails.

3. The downward-pressing tensile energy-absorbing and impact-proof buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tensile energy-absorbing ring arranged in the fixing groove on the side of the support frame is a circular ring woven from a high-toughness energy-absorbing material, and its cross-sectional diameter is 5-20 mm.

4. The downward-pressing tensile energy-absorbing and impact-proof buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slide rails are evenly arranged along the circumference of the chassis.

5. The downward-pressing tensile energy-absorbing and impact-proof buffer device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The buffer pressure plate is an inverted trapezoidal structure that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom.

6. The downward-pressing tensile energy-absorbing and impact-proof buffer device according to claim 5, characterized in that: One tensile energy absorbing ring is installed in the fixing groove of all support frames.

7. The downward-pressing tensile energy-absorbing and impact-proof buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slide rails are arranged in parallel and evenly on the chassis.

8. The downward-pressing tensile energy-absorbing and impact-proof buffer device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The buffer pressure plate includes multiple buffer pressure plates, each buffer pressure plate does not contact each other, and each buffer pressure plate is movably connected to the corresponding support frame.

9. The downward-pressing tensile energy-absorbing and impact-proof buffer device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The two side surfaces of the buffer pressure plate and the side inclined surfaces of the support frame are connected by sliding grooves, and a tensile energy absorption ring is sleeved in the fixing grooves of the two support frames connected to a buffer pressure plate.

10. The downward-pressing tensile energy-absorbing and impact-proof buffer device according to claim 8, characterized in that: 8-15 fixing grooves are arranged on the side straight surface of the support frame, and the diameter of the fixing groove is consistent with the diameter of the tensile energy-absorbing ring.

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