Molten salt tower type photo-thermal power station system and scheduling method

Abstract

The invention provides a fused salt tower type photo-thermal power station system and a scheduling method, the fused salt tower type photo-thermal power station system comprises a conversion tower, and the conversion tower is provided with at least one fixed target spot; the at least one heliostat is used for reflecting sunlight to a target spot; the at least one heliostat tube is integrated with an upper sensor and a lower sensor, and the upper sensor is used for acquiring the target coordinate of the target spot in real time; the lower sensor is used for acquiring coordinates of light spots formed on the heliostat by the sun in real time; the control system is used for calculating actual drop point coordinates of the sunlight on the conversion tower after the sunlight is reflected by the heliostat according to the light spot coordinates; comparing the actual drop point coordinate with the target coordinate, and outputting an instruction for adjusting the pointing angle of the heliostat based on a comparison result, so that the actual drop point coincides with the target point; through real-time comparison and dynamic correction of the target coordinate and the actual drop point, reflection deviation caused by heliostat mechanical errors, wind disturbance and the like is eliminated, the light spot focusing precision is improved, the sunlight utilization rate is improved, and the method has a wide application range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of solar power generation technology, and in particular to a molten salt tower type solar thermal power station system and a scheduling method. Background Art

[0002] Electricity is a vital enabler of social development and economic growth. Its close integration with high technology has created a rich and diverse human lifestyle. However, the widespread use of electricity has also led to frequent power shortages worldwide. Globally, thermal power generation is currently the predominant form of electricity generation. However, the widespread combustion of fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas, and coal has not only led to energy depletion but also to increasingly severe environmental pollution, particularly air pollution. To alleviate the tensions between economic growth, energy shortages, and environmental pollution, relevant Chinese government departments have introduced numerous policies, such as improving energy efficiency, relocating high-polluting industries, and improving regional joint air pollution control mechanisms. However, these measures have proven ineffective, serving only as temporary solutions. Only by transforming current energy usage, vigorously developing and popularizing clean energy sources such as solar and wind power, and fundamentally shifting the fossil-based energy structure, can we address the root causes of energy shortages and environmental pollution, ultimately eliminating power shortages and atmospheric smog.

[0003] Solar energy is a high-quality green energy source. Some regions in China have exceptionally high solar energy reserves and substantial average annual sunshine, making it valuable to vigorously develop solar power generation. Concentrated solar power generation is a high-quality green power generation method that is pollution-free and can drive local economic development and create numerous jobs.

[0004] Heliostat fields are the core of CSP (concentrated solar thermal) power generation. By controlling the heliostats to track the sun, they focus sunlight onto collector towers, generating electricity through CSP. To maximize the utilization of sunlight energy within limited land, heliostats must be densely arranged. This dense arrangement inevitably results in mutual shading between heliostats. While the area blocked by a single heliostat may be small, the total amount of shading from tens of thousands of heliostats is significant. Data from heliostat fields at CSP power stations shows that areas of high shading change with the sun's rise and set, necessitating optimization of the entire heliostat field to address this shading issue. Rationally utilizing sunlight energy in these shadowed areas has become a pressing issue. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The problem solved by the present invention is to provide a molten salt tower solar thermal power station system and scheduling method. Through real-time comparison and dynamic correction of target coordinates and actual landing points, reflection deviations caused by mechanical errors of heliostats, wind disturbances, etc. are eliminated, the focusing accuracy of light spots is improved, and the utilization rate of sunlight is increased. It has a wide range of applications.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a molten salt tower solar thermal power station system, comprising: a conversion tower, on which is provided at least one fixed target point; at least one heliostat, for reflecting sunlight toward the target point; at least one heliostat, integrated with an upper sensor and a lower sensor, the upper sensor being used to obtain the target coordinates of the target point in real time; the lower sensor being used to obtain the coordinates of a light spot formed by the sun on the heliostat in real time; a control system being used to calculate the coordinates of the actual landing point of sunlight on the conversion tower after being reflected by the heliostat based on the light spot coordinates; comparing the actual landing point coordinates with the target coordinates, and outputting an instruction to adjust the pointing angle of the heliostat based on the comparison result so that the actual landing point coincides with the target point.

[0007] Optionally, the upper sensor sends the target coordinates of the target point to the control system; and the lower sensor sends the light spot coordinates to the control system.

[0008] Optionally, the heliostat is located at the center of a line connecting the target point and the center point of the heliostat.

[0009] Optionally, the heliostat includes a cylindrical shell, the cylindrical shell has a cavity therein, and the upper sensor and the lower sensor are respectively fixed in the cavity.

[0010] Optionally, the upper sensor includes an upper sensor lens and an upper sensor processing module, and the lower sensor includes a lower sensor lens and a lower sensor processing module. The optical axis of the upper sensor lens is fixed to one end of the cavity toward the target point, and the optical axis of the lower sensor lens is fixed to the other opposite end of the cavity toward the heliostat. The upper sensor processing module and the lower sensor processing module are located between the upper sensor lens and the lower sensor lens.

[0011] Optionally, the upper sensor processing module is electrically connected to the upper sensor lens for calculating the target coordinates of the target point in real time; the lower sensor processing module is electrically connected to the lower sensor lens for calculating the coordinates of the light spot formed by the sun on the heliostat in real time.

[0012] Optionally, the heliostat includes: a bracket: the bracket includes a first rotation axis and a second rotation axis, the first rotation axis is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the ground, and the second rotation axis is arranged orthogonal to the first rotation axis, the bracket has a first mirror angle sensor and a second mirror angle sensor for real-time detection of the angle of the heliostat, the first mirror angle sensor is used to detect the azimuth angle of the first rotation axis, and the second mirror angle sensor is used to detect the pitch angle of the second rotation axis; a panel structure fixed to the bracket, for reflecting sunlight; a driving device, respectively connected to the first rotation axis and the second rotation axis, for driving the panel structure to rotate around the first rotation axis and / or the second rotation axis under the instruction of the control system so that the reflected light points to the target point.

[0013] Optionally, the driving device includes a servo driver and an encoder, the servo driver is connected to the first rotating shaft and / or the second rotating shaft through a servo motor, the servo driver receives an instruction from the control system to adjust the pointing angle of the heliostat and drives the servo motor to drive the first rotating shaft and / or the second rotating shaft, and the encoder is used to provide real-time feedback of the rotation angle to the control system.

[0014] Optionally, the panel structure includes: a photovoltaic panel for collecting light for energy collection; panel glass located on the surface of the photovoltaic panel; a filter film located between the photovoltaic panel and the panel glass, transmitting a first light and reflecting a second light, the first light matches the response curve of the photovoltaic panel, and the wavelengths of the first light and the second light are different.

[0015] Optionally, it also includes a first mirror angle sensor located on the first rotating axis for obtaining first angle information and a second mirror angle sensor located on the second rotating axis for obtaining second angle information. The first mirror angle sensor and the second mirror angle sensor respectively transmit the first angle information and the second angle information to the control system.

[0016] Optionally, the number of target points, heliostats, and heliostats may correspond one to one, or multiple target points may share one heliostat, or multiple heliostats may share one heliostat.

[0017] Correspondingly, the present invention also provides a scheduling method for a molten salt tower solar thermal power station system, comprising: providing a conversion tower, on which at least one fixed target point is provided; providing at least one heliostat, for reflecting sunlight to the target point; providing at least one heliostat, integrated with an upper sensor and a lower sensor, the upper sensor being used to obtain the target coordinates of the target point in real time; the lower sensor being used to obtain the coordinates of a light spot formed by the sun on the heliostat in real time; a control system, for calculating the coordinates of the actual landing point of sunlight on the conversion tower after being reflected by the heliostat according to the light spot coordinates; comparing the actual landing point coordinates with the target coordinates, and adjusting the pointing angle of the heliostat based on the comparison result so that the actual landing point coincides with the target point.

[0018] Optionally, the method further includes: obtaining the sun's position and the mirror angle information of the heliostat.

[0019] Optionally, the method for calculating the actual landing point coordinates of sunlight after being reflected by the heliostat on the conversion tower based on the light spot coordinates includes: receiving the light spot coordinates and the target coordinates; calculating the reflected light vector in real time based on the solar position, the light spot coordinates, and the mirror angle information of the heliostat; and intersecting the reflected light vector with the target surface of the conversion tower to obtain the actual landing point coordinates.

[0020] Optionally, the upper sensor includes an upper sensor lens and an upper sensor processing module, and the method for the upper sensor to obtain the target coordinates of the target target in real time includes: the upper sensor lens is aimed at the target target and continuously captures visible light images; after the upper sensor processing module receives the visible light image, the pixel coordinates of the target target are extracted; and the pixel coordinates are converted into spatial coordinates based on the target surface of the conversion tower through a pre-calibrated camera intrinsic parameter matrix and extrinsic parameter matrix and output.

[0021] Optionally, the lower sensor includes a lower sensor lens and a lower sensor processing module. The method for the lower sensor to obtain the coordinates of a light spot formed by the sun on the heliostat in real time includes: aiming the lower sensor lens at the mirror surface of the heliostat and continuously capturing visible light images; the lower sensor processing module binarizing and extracting the centroid of each frame of the image to obtain pixel coordinates of the light spot; and converting the pixel coordinates into spatial coordinates based on the mirror surface of the heliostat using a pre-calibrated camera intrinsic parameter matrix and extrinsic parameter matrix, and outputting the converted spatial coordinates.

[0022] Optionally, the upper sensor processing module includes an upper timestamp determination module, which is used to read the time of the unified clock source and generate a timestamp at the moment when the upper sensor lens exposure is completed; the lower sensor processing module includes a lower timestamp determination module, which is used to read the time of the same unified clock source and generate a timestamp at the moment when the lower sensor lens exposure is completed; the control system is used to perform time synchronization pairing on the data frames of the upper sensor and the lower sensor based on the timestamp.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0024] In the technical solution of the molten salt tower solar thermal power station system of the present invention, the heliostat is used to reflect sunlight onto the target point on the conversion tower. The heliostat is integrated with an upper sensor and a lower sensor. The upper sensor is used to obtain the target coordinates of the target point in real time; the lower sensor is used to obtain the coordinates of the light spot formed by the sun on the heliostat in real time; the control system is used to calculate the actual landing point coordinates of the sunlight on the conversion tower after being reflected by the heliostat according to the light spot coordinates; the actual landing point coordinates are compared with the target coordinates, and based on the comparison result, an instruction to adjust the pointing angle of the heliostat is output so that the actual landing point coincides with the target target; by uploading The upper sensor obtains the target point coordinates in real time, the lower sensor obtains the light spot coordinates in real time, and the control system compares and adjusts to ensure that the reflected light spot can accurately illuminate the target point on the conversion tower, thereby improving the photothermal conversion efficiency and reducing energy loss. The pointing angle of the heliostat is adjusted in real time according to the light spot coordinates and target coordinates to adapt to the changing position of the sun, ensuring that the system can operate efficiently in different time periods and improving the stability and reliability of the system. At the same time, the sensor, heliostat and control system are organically integrated to form a complete solar thermal power station system, which is easy to install, debug and maintain, and reduces the construction and operation costs of the system.

[0025] The scheduling method for the molten salt tower solar thermal power station system of the present invention achieves closed-loop control of the solar thermal power station system by acquiring the target target point coordinates and light spot coordinates in real time, calculating the actual landing point coordinates, and adjusting the heliostat pointing angle by comparing them with the target coordinates. This ensures that the reflected light spot always accurately illuminates the target point, improving the operating efficiency and stability of the system. In addition, the scheduling method does not rely on a solar position prediction model, but makes adjustments directly based on the measured light spot coordinates. It can adapt to various complex weather conditions and changes in the solar position, and has strong adaptability and robustness. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a molten salt tower solar thermal power station system in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2This is a schematic structural diagram of a molten salt tower solar thermal power station system with a single target point, a single heliostat, and a single heliostat in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of a heliostat in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of a heliostat in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a panel structure in one embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] Currently, the utilization of solar energy still needs to be improved.

[0032] On this basis, the present invention provides a molten salt tower solar thermal power station system, in which a heliostat is used to reflect sunlight onto a target point on a conversion tower, and a heliostat is integrated with an upper sensor and a lower sensor, wherein the upper sensor is used to obtain the target coordinates of the target point in real time; the lower sensor is used to obtain the coordinates of the light spot formed by the sun on the heliostat in real time; a control system is used to calculate the actual landing point coordinates of the sunlight on the conversion tower after being reflected by the heliostat according to the light spot coordinates; the actual landing point coordinates are compared with the target coordinates, and based on the comparison result, an instruction to adjust the pointing angle of the heliostat is output so that the actual landing point coincides with the target target; and by The upper sensor obtains the target point coordinates in real time, and the lower sensor obtains the light spot coordinates in real time. The control system performs comparisons and adjustments to ensure that the reflected light spot can accurately illuminate the target point on the conversion tower, thereby improving the efficiency of photothermal conversion and reducing energy loss. The pointing angle of the heliostat is adjusted in real time according to the light spot coordinates and target coordinates to adapt to the changing position of the sun, ensuring that the system can operate efficiently in different time periods and improving the system's stability and reliability. At the same time, the sensors, heliostats and control system are organically integrated to form a complete solar thermal power station system, which is easy to install, debug and maintain, and reduces the system's construction and operation costs.

[0033] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0034] First, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The molten salt tower solar thermal power station system includes: a conversion tower 100, a heliostat 200, a heliostat 300 and a control system (not shown in the figure).

[0035] It should be noted that Figure 1 The heliostat 300 is not shown. Figure 1The heliostats 200 are distributed in a circular pattern with the conversion tower 100 as the center; of course, they can also be distributed in a square pattern with the conversion tower 100 as the center.

[0036] Please refer to Figure 2 The conversion tower 100 is provided with at least one fixed target point 101, at least one heliostat 200 is used to reflect sunlight 400 to the target point 101, and at least one heliostat 300 is integrated with an upper sensor 301 and a lower sensor 302 (please refer to Figure 3 ), the upper sensor 301 is used to obtain the target coordinates of the target point 101 in real time; the lower sensor 302 is used to obtain the coordinates of the light spot formed by the sun on the heliostat 200 in real time; the control system is used to calculate the actual landing point coordinates of the sunlight 400 on the conversion tower 100 after being reflected by the heliostat 200 based on the light spot coordinates; compare the actual landing point coordinates with the target coordinates, and output an instruction to adjust the pointing angle of the heliostat 200 based on the comparison result so that the actual landing point coincides with the target point 101.

[0037] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 2 , a single heliostat 200 , a single heliostat 300 and a single target point 101 are used for illustration.

[0038] It should be noted that the multiple heliostats 200 , the multiple heliostats 300 and the multiple target points 101 correspond to the same control system.

[0039] In this embodiment, the upper sensor 301 sends the target coordinates of the target point 101 to the control system; the lower sensor 302 sends the light spot coordinates to the control system; the sensors (upper sensor 301 and lower sensor 302) send the target point 101 and the light spot coordinates to the control system in real time, ensuring that the control system can obtain accurate data in a timely manner, make adjustment decisions quickly, and reduce the light spot deviation caused by data delay; and the upper sensor 301 and the lower sensor 302 respectively transmit the target point 101 and the light spot coordinates in full to the control system, providing comprehensive data support for the control system and facilitating accurate calculation and control.

[0040] In this embodiment, the heliostat 300 is located at the center of the line connecting the target point 101 and the center point of the heliostat 200. This makes the reflected light path symmetrical with the incident light path, simplifies the light path calculation process, and reduces the design complexity and computational burden of the control system. Furthermore, this geometric layout facilitates the upper sensor 301 and the lower sensor 302 to more accurately acquire the coordinates of the target point 101 and the light spot, reducing measurement errors caused by positional deviations and improving the overall accuracy of the system.

[0041] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 3The heliostat 300 includes a cylindrical housing 303, which contains a cavity (not marked in the figure), and an upper sensor 301 and a lower sensor 302 are respectively fixed in the cavity; the cylindrical housing 303 protects the upper sensor 301 and the lower sensor 302, and can effectively resist the influence of harsh environments such as wind, sand, rain, snow, and high temperature, thereby extending the service life of the sensors and improving the stability and reliability of the system; at the same time, the upper sensor 301 and the lower sensor 302 are integrated in the same cavity, making the structure of the heliostat 300 more compact, facilitating installation and maintenance, and reducing the system's footprint.

[0042] In this embodiment, please continue to refer to Figure 3 The upper sensor 301 includes an upper sensor lens 301a and an upper sensor processing module 301b, and the lower sensor 302 includes a lower sensor lens 302a and a lower sensor processing module 302b. The upper sensor lens 301a is fixed to one end of the cavity with its optical axis facing the target point 101, and the lower sensor lens 302a is fixed to the opposite end of the cavity with its optical axis facing the heliostat 200. The upper sensor processing module 301b and the lower sensor processing module 302b are located between the upper sensor lens 301a and the lower sensor lens 302a. The upper sensor lens 301a and the lower sensor lens 302a are respectively fixed at opposite ends of the cavity, with their optical axes facing the target point 101 and the heliostat 200, respectively. This ensures the accuracy of optical alignment and improves the accuracy of acquiring the coordinates of the light spot and the target point 101. The upper sensor processing module 301b and the lower sensor processing module 302b are located between the lenses, facilitating rapid signal transmission and processing, reducing signal interference, and improving the response speed of the system.

[0043] In this embodiment, the upper sensor processing module 301b is electrically connected to the upper sensor lens 301a for real-time calculation of the target coordinates of the target point 101. The lower sensor processing module 302b is electrically connected to the lower sensor lens 302a for real-time calculation of the coordinates of the light spot formed by the sun on the heliostat 200. The upper sensor processing module 301b and the lower sensor processing module 302b are respectively electrically connected to the lens, and can calculate the target point 101 and the light spot coordinates in real time, reducing data transmission and processing delays and improving the real-time performance and control accuracy of the system. In addition, by processing the sensor data through a dedicated processing module, the coordinate information of the light spot and the target point 101 can be more accurately extracted, providing reliable data support for adjustment of the control system.

[0044] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 3Target points on the conversion tower: marked as "Tower Target Point 1" and "Tower Target Point 2" in the figure, these two points are where sunlight needs to be precisely irradiated; Irradiation positions: marked as "Irradiation Position 1" and "Irradiation Position 2" in the figure, indicate the positions where sunlight irradiates the conversion tower at different time points; it can be seen that "Irradiation Position 1" and "Tower Target Point 1" coincide with each other, so no adjustment of the heliostat is required; however, "Tower Target Point 2" and "Irradiation Position 2" do not coincide with each other, so the control system needs to calculate the coordinates of the actual landing point on the conversion tower after the sunlight is reflected by the heliostat based on the light spot coordinates; the actual landing point coordinates are compared with the target coordinates, and based on the comparison result, an instruction to adjust the pointing angle of the heliostat is output to make the actual landing point coincide with the target target.

[0045] In this embodiment, the control system can be any hardware / software platform that can complete the "acquisition-computation-communication-control" closed loop.

[0046] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 4 The heliostat 200 includes: a bracket 201: the bracket 201 includes a first rotation axis 201a and a second rotation axis 201b, the first rotation axis 201a is arranged along a direction perpendicular to the ground, and the second rotation axis 201b is arranged orthogonal to the first rotation axis 201a, and the bracket 201 has a first mirror angle sensor (not shown in the figure) and a second mirror angle sensor (not shown in the figure) for real-time detection of the angle of the heliostat 200, the first mirror angle sensor is used to detect the azimuth angle of the first rotation axis 201a, and the second mirror angle sensor is used to detect the pitch angle of the second rotation axis 201b; a panel structure 202 fixed to the bracket 201, for reflecting sunlight 400; a driving device (not shown in the figure), respectively connected to the first rotation axis 201a and the second rotation axis 201b, for receiving control signals. Under the command of the control system, the panel structure 202 is driven to rotate about the first rotation axis 201a and / or the second rotation axis 201b so that the reflected light is directed toward the target point 101. The heliostat 200 adopts a dual-rotation axis bracket 201 design and is equipped with a first mirror angle sensor and a second mirror angle sensor. These sensors can accurately detect the azimuth and elevation angles of the heliostat 200, achieve high-precision angle control, and improve the positioning accuracy of the light spot. At the same time, the heliostat 200 is driven to rotate about the two rotation axes by a drive device, which can flexibly adjust the direction angle of the reflected light to adapt to different sun positions and target points 101, thereby improving the applicability and flexibility of the system. In addition, the panel structure 202 includes a photovoltaic panel and a filter film, which can simultaneously collect solar thermal and photovoltaic energy, thereby improving energy utilization efficiency and increasing the power generation capacity of the system.

[0047] The curved line with an arrow in the figure indicates the direction of rotation.

[0048] In this embodiment, the drive device includes a servo driver (not shown) and an encoder (not shown). The servo driver is connected to the first rotating shaft 201a and / or the second rotating shaft 201b via a servo motor. The servo driver receives a command from the control system for adjusting the pointing angle of the heliostat 200, thereby driving the servo motor to drive the first rotating shaft 201a and / or the second rotating shaft 201b. The encoder is configured to provide real-time feedback of the rotation angle to the control system. The servo driver can quickly respond to commands from the control system, driving the rotating shaft of the heliostat 200 via the servo motor to achieve rapid angle adjustment, reduce light spot deviation time, and improve the dynamic performance of the system. The encoder also provides real-time feedback of the rotation angle to the control system, forming a closed-loop control system. This allows for precise control of the pointing angle of the heliostat 200, improves system control accuracy and stability, and reduces light spot drift caused by mechanical errors.

[0049] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 5 The panel structure 202 includes: a photovoltaic panel 202a for collecting light for energy collection; a panel glass 202b located on the surface of the photovoltaic panel 202a; and a light filter film 202c located between the photovoltaic panel 202a and the panel glass 202b, which transmits a first light 1 and reflects a second light 2. The first light 1 matches the response curve of the photovoltaic panel 202a, and the wavelengths of the first light 1 and the second light 2 are different. The light filter film 202c transmits the first light that matches the response curve of the photovoltaic panel 202a for photovoltaic power generation, and reflects the second light 2 for photothermal conversion, thereby achieving cascaded energy utilization, improving the system's comprehensive utilization rate of solar energy, and increasing power generation revenue. The photovoltaic panel 202a absorbs the transmitted light to generate electricity, reducing heat accumulation on the mirror surface, reducing heat loss, improving the system's energy conversion efficiency, and also helping to extend the service life of the heliostat 200.

[0050] In this embodiment, the filter film 202c is designed to transmit the optical frequency bands in which the photovoltaic panel 202a is most efficient, while reflecting the remaining frequency bands. The transmitted light is absorbed by the photovoltaic panel 202a and used for photovoltaic power generation; the reflected light heats the molten salt in the solar thermal power station, which is then used for solar thermal power generation. This approach has two advantages. First, it maximizes the use of solar radiation energy, achieving a 1+1>2 effect. Second, the reflected light is primarily infrared. If allowed to pass through the photovoltaic panel 202a, it would increase the panel temperature and reduce the panel's power generation efficiency.

[0051] This embodiment also includes a first mirror angle sensor located on the first rotation axis 201a for acquiring first angle information, and a second mirror angle sensor located on the second rotation axis 201b for acquiring second angle information. The first and second mirror angle sensors transmit the first and second angle information, respectively, to the control system. The provision of angle sensors (the first and second mirror angle sensors) on the first and second rotation axes 201a, 201b, respectively, enables redundant acquisition of angle information. If one angle sensor fails, the other can continue to provide accurate angle information, ensuring normal system operation and improving system reliability and stability. Furthermore, the data from the two angle sensors can be cross-checked and compared, further improving angle measurement accuracy and providing more reliable data support for precise control of the heliostat 200.

[0052] In this embodiment, the number of target points 101, heliostats 200, and heliostats 300 can correspond one to one, or multiple target points 101 can share one heliostat 200, or multiple heliostats 200 can share one heliostat 300. The number of target points 101, heliostats 200, and heliostats 300 can be flexibly configured according to actual needs, and can correspond one to one, or multiple target points 101 can share one heliostat 200, or multiple heliostats 200 can share one heliostat 300, thereby improving the resource utilization of the system and reducing construction and operation costs. At the same time, this flexible configuration method makes the system have good scalability, and can be flexibly expanded according to the scale and needs of the power station, facilitating subsequent upgrades and modifications.

[0053] In this embodiment, during operation, sunlight 400 strikes the heliostat 200, forming a sunspot. The lower sensor 302 captures the sunspot and uses an algorithm to calculate the angle and positional relationship between the reflected light from the heliostat 200 and the target point 101. The angle of the glass of the heliostat 200 is then adjusted so that the reflected sunlight 400 strikes the salt pile at the target point 101, melting the molten salt and generating electricity.

[0054] In this embodiment, the heliostat 300 is located at the center of the line connecting the target point 101 and the center point of the heliostat 200. The size of the heliostat 200 is much larger than that of the heliostat. Therefore, the presence of the heliostat 300 does not affect the path of the reflected light on the heliostat 200. In addition, the central position makes the reflected light path symmetrical with the incident light path, simplifying the light path calculation process, reducing the design complexity and computational burden of the control system, and also facilitating the upper sensor 301 and the lower sensor 302 to more accurately obtain the target point 101 and the light spot coordinates, reducing measurement errors caused by position deviation, and improving the overall accuracy of the system.

[0055] Correspondingly, the present invention also provides a scheduling method for a molten salt tower solar thermal power station system, comprising: providing a conversion tower 100, wherein the conversion tower 100 is provided with at least one fixed target point 101; providing at least one heliostat 200 for reflecting sunlight 400 to the target target point 101; providing at least one heliostat 300, which is integrated with an upper sensor 301 and a lower sensor 302, wherein the upper sensor 301 is used to obtain the target coordinates of the target target point 101 in real time; and the lower sensor 302 is used to obtain the coordinates of the light spot formed by the sun on the heliostat 200 in real time; and a control system for calculating the actual landing point coordinates of the sunlight 400 on the conversion tower 100 after being reflected by the heliostat 200 according to the light spot coordinates. The actual landing point coordinates are compared with the target coordinates, and the pointing angle of the heliostat 200 is adjusted based on the comparison result so that the actual landing point coincides with the target target point 101. By acquiring the coordinates of the target target point 101 and the light spot coordinates in real time, the actual landing point coordinates are calculated, and compared with the target coordinates to adjust the pointing angle of the heliostat 200, closed-loop control of the solar thermal power station system is achieved, ensuring that the reflected light spot always accurately illuminates the target target point 101, thereby improving the operating efficiency and stability of the system. In addition, the scheduling method does not rely on the solar position prediction model, but is directly adjusted based on the measured light spot coordinates. It can adapt to various complex weather conditions and changes in the solar position, and has strong adaptability and robustness.

[0056] In this embodiment, the method further includes obtaining the sun's position and the mirror angle information of the heliostat 200, which provides more comprehensive data support for calculating the reflected light vector, and can more accurately calculate the actual landing point coordinates of the reflected light, thereby improving the control accuracy of the system.

[0057] In this embodiment, the sun's position is calculated by an astronomical algorithm (astronomical calendar) based on time, geographic location, and sun altitude / azimuth.

[0058] In this embodiment, the mirror angle information of the heliostat 200 includes the mirror center coordinates and the mirror normal vector.

[0059] In this embodiment, a method for calculating the actual impact coordinates of sunlight 400 on the conversion tower 100 after being reflected by the heliostat 200 based on spot coordinates includes: receiving spot coordinates and target coordinates; calculating a reflected light vector in real time based on the sun's position, the spot coordinates, and the mirror angle information of the heliostat 200; and intersecting the reflected light vector with the target surface of the conversion tower 100 to obtain the actual impact coordinates. This method achieves real-time and accurate calculation of reflected light, reduces calculation errors, and improves system control accuracy and response speed. Furthermore, this calculation method performs calculations directly based on measured data, avoiding complex iterative solution processes, simplifying the calculation process, reducing the computational burden of the control system, and improving the real-time performance and reliability of the system.

[0060] In this embodiment, the upper sensor 301 includes an upper sensor lens 301a and an upper sensor processing module 301b. The method for the upper sensor 301 to obtain the target coordinates of the target target 101 in real time includes: the upper sensor lens 301a is aimed at the target target 101 and continuously captures visible light images; after the upper sensor processing module 301b receives the visible light image, it extracts the pixel coordinates of the target target 101; the pixel coordinates are converted into spatial coordinates based on the target surface of the conversion tower 100 by using a pre-calibrated camera intrinsic parameter matrix and an extrinsic parameter matrix and outputted; the upper sensor lens 301a continuously captures visible light images, extracts the pixel coordinates of the target target 101, and uses the pre-calibrated camera intrinsic parameter matrix and the extrinsic parameter matrix to convert the pixel coordinates into spatial coordinates, thereby achieving high-precision coordinate conversion and improving the accuracy of the coordinate acquisition of the target target 101; at the same time, the upper sensor 301 obtains the coordinates of the target target 101 in real time, can promptly reflect the position changes of the target target 101, and provide real-time and stable data support for the adjustment of the control system.

[0061] In this embodiment, since the thermal expansion of the tower body, wind load, foundation settlement, etc. of the conversion tower 100 will cause the actual imaging position of the target to shift at the pixel level, the upper sensor 301 takes images in real time and uses an image algorithm to recalculate the current pixel coordinates of the target and convert them into spatial coordinates, which is equivalent to dynamically calibrating the target coordinates of the target point 101, thereby improving the accuracy of data processing.

[0062] In this embodiment, the lower sensor 302 includes a lower sensor lens 302a and a lower sensor processing module 302b. A method for the lower sensor 302 to acquire the coordinates of a light spot formed by the sun on the heliostat 200 in real time includes: aligning the lower sensor lens 302a with the mirror surface of the heliostat 200 and continuously capturing visible light images; performing binarization and centroid extraction on each image frame by the lower sensor processing module 302b to obtain pixel coordinates of the light spot; converting the pixel coordinates into spatial coordinates based on the mirror surface of the heliostat 200 using a pre-calibrated camera intrinsic parameter matrix and extrinsic parameter matrix, and outputting the converted coordinates; aligning the lower sensor lens 302a with the mirror surface of the heliostat 200 and continuously capturing visible light images; and obtaining the pixel coordinates of the light spot using a binarization and centroid extraction algorithm. This allows accurate detection of the light spot position and improves the accuracy of obtaining the light spot coordinates. Simultaneously, the pre-calibrated camera intrinsic parameter matrix and extrinsic parameter matrix are used to convert the pixel coordinates into spatial coordinates, thereby achieving fast and efficient data processing, reducing data processing time, and improving system response speed.

[0063] In this embodiment, the upper sensor 301 and the lower sensor 302 share the same rigid housing, and their optical axes are 180° apart, which ensures thermal drift consistency and simplifies coordinate system calibration.

[0064] In this embodiment, the upper sensor 301 and the lower sensor 302 are independently connected to a 24 V power supply, and each performs internal rectification and voltage reduction. At the same time, the upper sensor 301 sends the "target coordinates" to the control system via Ethernet (or coaxial cable); the lower sensor 302 sends the "light spot coordinates" to the same control system via another independent Ethernet (or RS485).

[0065] In this embodiment, the upper sensor processing module 301b includes an upper timestamp determination module, which is used to read the time from the unified clock source and generate a timestamp at the moment the upper sensor lens 301a completes exposure. The lower sensor processing module 302b includes a lower timestamp determination module, which is used to read the time from the same unified clock source and generate a timestamp at the moment the lower sensor lens 302a completes exposure. The control system is used to synchronize and pair the data frames of the upper sensor 301 and the lower sensor 302 based on the timestamps. By reading the time from the unified clock source and generating timestamps at the moment the upper sensor 301 and the lower sensor 302 complete exposure, the data frames captured by the two sensors are ensured to be precisely aligned in time. This high-precision time synchronization is crucial for subsequent data processing and analysis, especially when data from different sensors needs to be accurately matched and compared. Furthermore, the timestamp synchronization and pairing mechanism can reduce data processing errors caused by sensor clock deviation or drift, thereby improving the reliability of the entire system. This is crucial for the stable operation and long-term maintenance of the CSP power station system. Timestamp information can also serve as an important basis for fault diagnosis, helping technicians quickly locate the exact time when the problem occurred and analyze the cause of the fault, thereby improving maintenance efficiency and reducing downtime.

[0066] In this embodiment, in order to achieve the best operating efficiency of the power plant, a scientific scheduling algorithm must be formulated, and the algorithm needs to be determined in combination with actual conditions and scientific simulation. Under the unified deployment of the control system, each energy collection unit can be configured so that the photovoltaic panel 202a faces the heat collection tower at a certain angle. In the solar thermal mode, the angle of the photovoltaic panel is required to reflect sunlight 400 to a specific position of the heat collection tower for heating the molten salt; in the photovoltaic mode, the photovoltaic panel is required to face the sun at a certain angle to receive the sun's energy to the greatest extent. In different seasons, different weather, different times, etc., the best performance can be achieved by scientifically configuring the angle of the photovoltaic panel 202a.

[0067] On sunny, hot summer days, the panel structure can be angled in solar thermal mode, where photovoltaic panel 202a reflects sunlight toward the molten salt heating area of ​​the collector tower. Although photovoltaic panel 202a is not facing the sun, the high temperatures on sunny summer days can significantly increase the temperature of photovoltaic panel 202a, reducing power generation efficiency. Therefore, solar thermal mode may achieve higher efficiency.

[0068] Morning, evening and noon: Since the sun is weaker in the morning and evening, it can be configured as photovoltaic mode; since the sun is stronger at noon, it can be configured as solar thermal mode.

[0069] Different positions can enter different modes: at different positions and at different times, some photovoltaic panels 202a face the sun while others face away from the sun. At this time, the ones facing the sun can be configured as solar thermal mode, while those facing away from the sun can be configured as photovoltaic mode.

[0070] Although the present invention is disclosed as above, the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A molten salt tower solar thermal power station system, characterized in that: include: A conversion tower, wherein at least one target point is fixed on the conversion tower; at least one heliostat, configured to reflect sunlight toward the target point; At least one heliostat, integrated with an upper sensor and a lower sensor, wherein the upper sensor is used to obtain the target coordinates of the target point in real time; and the lower sensor is used to obtain the coordinates of the light spot formed by the sun on the heliostat in real time; A control system is configured to calculate the coordinates of the actual landing point of sunlight on the conversion tower after being reflected by the heliostat based on the light spot coordinates; compare the coordinates of the actual landing point with the target coordinates; and output an instruction to adjust the pointing angle of the heliostat based on the comparison result so that the actual landing point coincides with the target point.

2. The molten salt tower solar thermal power station system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper sensor sends the target coordinates of the target point to the control system; the lower sensor sends the light spot coordinates to the control system.

3. The molten salt tower solar thermal power station system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heliostat is located at the center of a line connecting the target point and the center point of the heliostat.

4. The molten salt tower solar thermal power station system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heliostat comprises a cylindrical shell, wherein the cylindrical shell has a cavity, and the upper sensor and the lower sensor are respectively fixed in the cavity.

5. The molten salt tower solar thermal power station system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The upper sensor includes an upper sensor lens and an upper sensor processing module, and the lower sensor includes a lower sensor lens and a lower sensor processing module. The upper sensor lens is fixed to one end of the cavity with its optical axis facing the target point, and the lower sensor lens is fixed to the other opposite end of the cavity with its optical axis facing the heliostat. The upper sensor processing module and the lower sensor processing module are located between the upper and lower sensor lenses.

6. The molten salt tower solar thermal power station system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The upper sensor processing module is electrically connected to the upper sensor lens and is used to calculate the target coordinates of the target point in real time; the lower sensor processing module is electrically connected to the lower sensor lens and is used to calculate the coordinates of the light spot formed by the sun on the heliostat in real time.

7. The molten salt tower solar thermal power station system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heliostat comprises: The bracket includes a first rotation axis and a second rotation axis, wherein the first rotation axis is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the ground, and the second rotation axis is arranged orthogonal to the first rotation axis. The bracket is provided with a first mirror angle sensor and a second mirror angle sensor for detecting the angle of the heliostat in real time. The first mirror angle sensor is used to detect the azimuth angle of the first rotation axis, and the second mirror angle sensor is used to detect the pitch angle of the second rotation axis. A panel structure fixed on the bracket, used for reflecting sunlight; The driving device is connected to the first rotation axis and the second rotation axis respectively, and is used to drive the panel structure to rotate around the first rotation axis and / or the second rotation axis under the instruction of the control system so that the reflected light points to the target point.

8. The molten salt tower solar thermal power station system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The driving device includes a servo driver and an encoder. The servo driver is connected to the first rotating shaft and / or the second rotating shaft via a servo motor. The servo driver receives an instruction from the control system to adjust the pointing angle of the heliostat and drives the servo motor to drive the first rotating shaft and / or the second rotating shaft. The encoder is used to provide real-time feedback of the rotation angle to the control system.

9. The molten salt tower solar thermal power station system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The panel structure includes: Photovoltaic panels, which harvest light for energy collection; Panel glass; located on the surface of the photovoltaic panel; The filter film is located between the photovoltaic panel and the panel glass, transmits a first light and reflects a second light, the first light matches the response curve of the photovoltaic panel, and the wavelengths of the first light and the second light are different.

10. The molten salt tower solar thermal power station system according to claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes a first mirror angle sensor located on the first rotating axis for obtaining first angle information and a second mirror angle sensor located on the second rotating axis for obtaining second angle information. The first mirror angle sensor and the second mirror angle sensor respectively transmit the first angle information and the second angle information to the control system.

11. The molten salt tower solar thermal power station system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the target points, the heliostats, and the heliostat cylinders may correspond one to one, or multiple target points may share one heliostat, or multiple heliostats may share one heliostat cylinder.

12. A scheduling method for a molten salt tower solar thermal power station system, characterized in that: include: Providing a conversion tower, wherein at least one target point is fixed on the conversion tower; providing at least one heliostat for reflecting sunlight to the target point; Providing at least one heliostat, integrated with an upper sensor and a lower sensor, wherein the upper sensor is used to obtain the target coordinates of the target point in real time; the lower sensor is used to obtain the coordinates of the spot formed by the sun on the heliostat in real time; A control system calculates the coordinates of an actual landing point of sunlight on the conversion tower after being reflected by the heliostat based on the light spot coordinates; compares the coordinates of the actual landing point with the target coordinates; and adjusts the pointing angle of the heliostat based on the comparison result so that the actual landing point coincides with the target point.

13. The scheduling method for a molten salt tower solar thermal power station system according to claim 12, wherein: Also includes: The sun's position and the mirror angle information of the heliostat are obtained.

14. The scheduling method for a molten salt tower solar thermal power station system according to claim 13, wherein: The method for calculating the actual landing point coordinates of sunlight on the conversion tower after being reflected by the heliostat according to the light spot coordinates includes: receiving the light spot coordinates and the target coordinates; Calculating the reflected light vector in real time according to the sun's position, the light spot coordinates, and the mirror angle information of the heliostat; The reflected light vector is intersected with the target surface of the conversion tower to obtain the actual landing point coordinates.

15. The scheduling method for a molten salt tower solar thermal power station system according to claim 12, wherein: The upper sensor includes an upper sensor lens and an upper sensor processing module. The method for the upper sensor to obtain the target coordinates of the target point in real time includes: The upper sensor lens is aimed at the target point to continuously capture visible light images; After receiving the visible light image, the upper sensor processing module extracts the pixel coordinates of the target point; The pixel coordinates are converted into spatial coordinates based on the target surface of the conversion tower through the pre-calibrated camera internal parameter matrix and external parameter matrix and output.

16. The scheduling method for a molten salt tower solar thermal power station system according to claim 15, characterized in that: The lower sensor includes a lower sensor lens and a lower sensor processing module. The method for the lower sensor to obtain the coordinates of the spot formed by the sun on the heliostat in real time includes: The lower sensor lens is aimed at the mirror surface of the heliostat to continuously capture visible light images; The lower sensor processing module performs binarization and centroid extraction on each frame of image to obtain the pixel coordinates of the light spot; The pixel coordinates are converted into spatial coordinates based on the mirror surface of the heliostat by using a pre-calibrated camera intrinsic parameter matrix and extrinsic parameter matrix, and the converted spatial coordinates are output.

17. The scheduling method for a molten salt tower solar thermal power station system according to claim 16, wherein: The upper sensor processing module includes an upper timestamp determination module, the upper timestamp determination module being configured to read the time of a unified clock source and generate a timestamp at the instant when the upper sensor lens exposure is completed; The lower sensor processing module includes a lower timestamp determination module, the lower timestamp determination module is used to read the time of the same unified clock source and generate a timestamp at the moment when the exposure of the lower sensor lens is completed; The control system is used to perform time synchronization pairing on the data frames of the upper sensor and the lower sensor according to the timestamp.

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