Analysis and evaluation method for evaluating peritoneal dialysis infection by patient

Abstract

The invention discloses an analysis and evaluation method for a patient to assess peritoneal dialysis infection by himself / herself, and the method comprises the steps: collecting multi-dimensional clinical data through an acute symptom questionnaire system, determining a severity score in combination with abdominal pain, abdominal pain accompanying symptoms and body temperature abnormality indexes, and achieving precise triage. When peritonitis is evaluated, the traits of the peritoneal dialysis solution are meticulously analyzed, and various preliminary diagnosis suggestions can be accurately given; evaluating catheter outlet and tunnel skin, analyzing and judging emergencies according to images, and determining a grading processing decision by using a skin grading system to realize accurate hierarchical management. In addition, once the infection or emergency risk is judged, treatment prompt information can be output in time, so that the patient can see a doctor in time and grasp the optimal treatment opportunity, and disease delay is reduced. According to the scheme, the evaluation accuracy is improved, the patient can be assisted in evaluating the infection condition and the treatment effect in real time, medical staff can be helped to scientifically and normatively extract and conclude patient infection related data, and therefore accurate layered management on the infection risk degree is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of peritoneal dialysis infection evaluation methods, and in particular to an analysis and evaluation method for patients to self-evaluate peritoneal dialysis infection. Background Art

[0002] Peritoneal dialysis is an important renal replacement therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease. However, infection is a common and serious complication during treatment, significantly impacting treatment outcomes, quality of life, and long-term prognosis. Peritoneal dialysis relies heavily on patient self-management, but patients and their families lack professional medical education and lack an accurate, efficient, and standardized assessment system for self-diagnosis of infection.

[0003] Traditional peritoneal dialysis patient assessments rely on monthly doctor's outpatient consultations. During the remaining intervals between visits, patients need to independently judge the appearance of the daily dialysate, the skin of the catheter tunnel, and the skin characteristics of the catheter port. However, patients have different levels of education, different abilities to grasp peritoneal dialysis knowledge, and limited medical knowledge, making it difficult for them to accurately judge infection clues encountered during daily operations. In addition, even though the currently widely used patient management WeChat groups can facilitate doctor-patient communication, real-time communication is impossible during special periods such as nighttime. Moreover, because patients' descriptions of their own symptoms and manifestations are difficult to grasp keywords and key points, medical staff may have deviations in their judgment of the patient's condition, which may result in some infections not being discovered in time or misdiagnosed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, an analysis and evaluation method for patient self-assessment of peritoneal dialysis infection is provided to achieve a comprehensive and accurate assessment and analysis of the patient's peritoneal dialysis infection.

[0005] The present application provides an analytical evaluation method for patients to self-assess peritoneal dialysis infection, which comprises the following steps:

[0006] S1: Clinical data of patients were obtained through the acute symptom questionnaire system;

[0007] S2: Determine a severity score based on the clinical data, and determine a triage assessment path based on the relationship between the severity score and a preset score. The triage assessment path includes a peritonitis assessment path and a catheter exit and tunnel skin assessment path. The preset score is 1, where:

[0008] If the severity score is greater than or equal to the preset score, enter the peritonitis assessment pathway;

[0009] If the severity score is less than the preset score, entering the catheter exit and tunnel skin assessment pathway;

[0010] The peritonitis assessment pathway includes:

[0011] S31: performing peritoneal dialysis fluid property analysis, wherein the peritoneal dialysis fluid property analysis includes analyzing the turbidity and color characteristics of the peritoneal dialysis fluid;

[0012] S32: Determining, based on the analysis results of the peritoneal dialysis fluid properties analysis, whether to output a preliminary diagnosis opinion on peritonitis and whether to output a medical consultation reminder;

[0013] The catheter exit and tunnel skin assessment pathway includes:

[0014] S41: Acquire image data of the patient, and determine whether the patient has an emergency condition based on the image data;

[0015] S42: If the patient does not present an emergency, a graded management decision is made based on the skin scoring system.

[0016] If the patient has an emergency, the medical consultation reminder information is output.

[0017] Furthermore, the severity score is determined by accumulating the following indicators:

[0018] The abdominal pain intensity score ranges from 0 to 3, and the temperature abnormality score ranges from 0 to 2;

[0019] The severity score is the sum of the abdominal pain intensity score and the abnormal body temperature score.

[0020] Furthermore, the peritoneal dialysis fluid property analysis in step S32 includes:

[0021] If the peritoneal dialysis fluid is turbid, the outputted initial diagnosis opinion of peritonitis is suspected peritonitis and the outputted medical consultation prompt information is determined;

[0022] If the color characteristic of the peritoneal dialysis fluid is red, the outputted initial diagnosis opinion of peritonitis is bleeding risk and the outputted medical consultation prompt information is determined;

[0023] If the color characteristic of the peritoneal dialysis fluid is milky white, the outputted initial diagnosis opinion of peritonitis is infection risk and the outputted medical consultation prompt information is determined;

[0024] If the color characteristic of the peritoneal dialysis fluid is not red or milky white and the peritoneal dialysis fluid is not turbid, the outputted initial diagnosis opinion of peritonitis is normal and it is determined not to output the medical consultation prompt information.

[0025] Furthermore, in step S41, determining whether the patient has an emergency condition based on the image data includes:

[0026] Determine whether pus is oozing from the catheter outlet, or whether redness and swelling occur in the tunnel area, or whether the catheter polyester sheath is prolapsed. If pus is oozing from the catheter outlet, or redness and swelling occur in the tunnel area, or the catheter polyester sheath is prolapsed, it is determined that the patient has an emergency.

[0027] Furthermore, the skin scoring system determines a skin assessment score based on the following skin indicators to determine the graded treatment decision, wherein:

[0028] The erythema diameter score ranges from 0 to 2, the exudate type score ranges from 0 to 2, and the scab diameter score ranges from 0 to 2. The skin assessment score is the sum of the erythema diameter score, the exudate type score, and the scab diameter score.

[0029] Furthermore, the hierarchical nursing decision-making includes:

[0030] If the skin assessment score is greater than or equal to 4, it is determined to be an infection state and an output is output to immediately go to the outpatient clinic or emergency room for treatment;

[0031] If the skin assessment score is greater than or equal to 2 and less than 4, determine to output an elective outpatient treatment recommendation;

[0032] If the skin assessment score is greater than or equal to 1 and less than 2, determine to output a suggestion for starting enhanced care;

[0033] If the skin assessment score is greater than or equal to 0 and less than 1, determine to output a daily care maintenance recommendation.

[0034] Furthermore, the acute symptom questionnaire system includes the following assessment dimensions: subjective judgment of the degree of abdominal pain, whether accompanied by vomiting, whether accompanied by severe abdominal distension, and whether defecation occurs.

[0035] Furthermore, the criteria for determining the erythema diameter score include:

[0036] If there is no erythema, the erythema diameter score is 0;

[0037] If there is a single lesion with erythema and the diameter of the erythema is less than 5 mm, the erythema diameter score is 1;

[0038] If the erythema diameter is greater than 5 mm or the erythema is multifocal, the erythema diameter score is 2.

[0039] Furthermore, the criteria for determining the scab diameter score include:

[0040] If there is no scab, the scab diameter score is 0;

[0041] If a scab is present and the scab diameter is less than 5 mm, the scab diameter score is 1;

[0042] If the scab diameter is greater than or equal to 5 mm, the scab diameter score is 2.

[0043] The embodiments of the present application have the following beneficial effects: rich clinical data is collected through the acute symptom questionnaire system, and the severity score is determined by combining indicators such as abdominal pain intensity and abnormal body temperature, thereby accurately triaging. For peritonitis assessment, a detailed analysis of the turbidity and color characteristics of the peritoneal dialysis fluid can accurately give initial diagnosis opinions such as suspected peritonitis, bleeding risk, and infection risk, thereby avoiding misjudgment. In terms of catheter outlet and tunnel skin assessment, emergencies are judged based on image data, and a skin scoring system is used to determine the skin assessment score based on the erythema diameter, exudate type, and scab diameter, and targeted graded treatment decisions are given, from maintaining daily care to initiating enhanced care, and then to elective outpatient treatment, to achieve accurate stratified management. In terms of the timeliness of medical reminders, once a suspected infection or emergency is determined, a medical reminder message is immediately output, which helps patients seek medical treatment in a timely manner, grasp the best treatment opportunity, reduce disease delays, reduce the risk of infection worsening, and improve the patient's treatment effect and quality of life. It also provides scientific and objective patient data for the diagnosis and treatment work of medical staff.

[0044] The positive technical effects of the analysis and evaluation method provided in this application include:

[0045] (1) It can facilitate patients to self-assess their condition. For patients, the application of this scoring system and process can more accurately present the assessment results to doctors, helping doctors make accurate judgments, thereby facilitating remote management and guidance of diagnosis and treatment for patients;

[0046] (2) Assist doctors in assessing patients’ conditions. Even when professional doctors face infection cases, they often rely on subjective judgment combined with laboratory tests and imaging examinations to reach a correct conclusion. However, there is a lack of quantitative indicators for subjective judgments. With the help of the scoring system and process advocated by this application, patient disease data can be effectively extracted, which is more conducive to accurate stratification and management of infection risk levels;

[0047] (3) Saving medical insurance funds. With the help of this analysis and evaluation method, infection prevention and intervention in the early stages of infection can be achieved, thereby reducing the hospitalization rate of patients and reducing medical costs. From the perspective of health economics, a large amount of social health resources and medical insurance funds can be saved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.

[0049] Figure 1The flowchart of an analysis and evaluation method for patient self-assessment of peritoneal dialysis infection provided in an embodiment of the present application is exemplified. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.

[0051] To further illustrate the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application, the following is a detailed description of the technical solutions in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods. Although the embodiments of the present application provide the method operation steps as shown in the following embodiments or drawings, more or fewer operation steps may be included in the method based on routine or no creative work. In steps where there is no necessary causal relationship logically, the execution order of these steps is not limited to the execution order provided in the embodiments of the present application.

[0052] refer to Figure 1 As shown, the present application provides an analytical evaluation method for patients to self-assess peritoneal dialysis infection, which includes the following steps:

[0053] S1: The patients' clinical data were obtained through the acute symptom questionnaire system.

[0054] The acute symptom questionnaire system includes the following assessment dimensions: duration of abdominal pain, associated symptoms of abdominal pain, and fever severity.

[0055] This allows for comprehensive and systematic collection of clinical data related to peritoneal dialysis infection in patients, providing a key basis for subsequent accurate assessment of the condition, judgment of infection risk, and determination of reasonable triage pathways.

[0056] The acute symptom questionnaire system covers multiple important assessment dimensions. The severity of abdominal pain can reflect the degree of inflammation. The more severe the pain, the greater the possibility of infection or other serious problems. The accompanying symptoms of abdominal pain can reflect the systemic manifestations of infection. For example, severe abdominal distension and inability to defecate may lead to intestinal obstruction or even intestinal perforation. The higher the body temperature, the more significant the infection.

[0057] By quantifying indicators such as abdominal pain intensity and abnormal body temperature and accumulating them into a severity score, the assessment of the condition becomes more objective and accurate. For example, if a patient has severe abdominal pain and an elevated temperature, their severity score will increase accordingly, helping medical staff to intuitively understand the severity of the condition.

[0058] Secondly, the comparison of the severity score with the preset score determines the triage assessment path. If the score is greater than or equal to the preset score, the patient enters the peritonitis assessment path; if it is less than the preset score, the patient enters the catheter exit and tunnel skin assessment path. This achieves a preliminary and accurate classification of the patient's condition, laying the foundation for more targeted subsequent assessment and diagnosis.

[0059] The clinical data collected in step S1 is used throughout the entire evaluation process and is crucial for improving the accuracy, timeliness, and effectiveness of peritoneal dialysis infection assessments, providing strong support for patient treatment and management. For example, the information corresponding to the above indicators or factors can be filled out by filling out a questionnaire.

[0060] S2: Determine the severity score based on clinical data, and determine the triage assessment path based on the relationship between the severity score and the preset score. The triage assessment path includes the peritonitis assessment path and the catheter exit and tunnel skin assessment path. The preset score is 1.

[0061] The severity score is determined by adding the following indicators: abdominal pain intensity score ranges from 0 to 3, and abnormal temperature score ranges from 0 to 2.

[0062] The severity score is the sum of the abdominal pain intensity score and the abnormal body temperature score.

[0063] The triage assessment pathway includes a peritonitis assessment pathway and a catheter exit and tunnel skin assessment pathway. These two pathways are designed because peritoneal dialysis infections have diverse sources and manifestations. Peritonitis and catheter exit and tunnel skin infections are two common problems with varying symptom characteristics, severity, and treatment.

[0064] By differentiating the evaluation pathways, different types of infections can be diagnosed and treated more specifically, avoiding missed diagnoses and misdiagnoses, and improving diagnostic efficiency and treatment accuracy.

[0065] These two pathways play a key role in the entire analytical and evaluation method. First, they enable initial and accurate triage of the condition. The triage pathway is determined based on the comparison of the severity score with the preset score. A higher severity score indicates a greater likelihood of peritonitis infection, leading to the peritonitis assessment pathway. A lower score leads to the catheter exit and tunnel skin assessment pathway. This triage approach allows medical staff to quickly focus on possible sites of infection, reducing unnecessary examination procedures and ensuring optimal use of medical resources.

[0066] Secondly, in-depth assessments are conducted based on the characteristics of different pathways. The peritonitis assessment pathway analyzes the turbidity and color characteristics of peritoneal dialysis fluid to determine whether there is peritonitis, bleeding risk, or infection risk, providing an accurate basis for subsequent treatment.

[0067] For example, if the peritoneal dialysis fluid is turbid, it may indicate peritonitis, which can be promptly examined and treated. The catheter exit and tunnel skin assessment pathway determines whether an emergency has occurred and utilizes a skin scoring system to quantitatively assess the skin condition and make graded treatment decisions. If an emergency such as pus oozing from the catheter exit is detected, a prompt message to seek medical attention is provided. For patients who do not have an emergency, the nursing and treatment plan is determined based on the skin assessment score, ranging from maintaining daily care to initiating intensive care and then to elective outpatient treatment, achieving precise stratified management.

[0068] These two assessment pathways work together to comprehensively cover the key areas that may be involved in peritoneal dialysis infection, improve the accuracy and timeliness of peritoneal dialysis infection assessment, and provide strong guarantees for patients' treatment and recovery.

[0069] If the severity score is greater than or equal to the preset score, enter the peritonitis assessment pathway.

[0070] If the severity score is less than the preset score, the catheter exit and tunnel skin assessment pathway is entered.

[0071] The purpose of step S2 is to accurately assess the severity of the patient's condition through quantitative indicators, and to determine a reasonable triage assessment path based on this, so as to make the subsequent diagnostic process more targeted and improve diagnostic efficiency and accuracy.

[0072] Specifically, the severity score is determined by summing the intensity of abdominal pain and abnormal body temperature, two indicators closely associated with peritoneal dialysis infection. Pain intensity reflects the degree of peritoneal irritation, while abdominal pain accompanied by symptoms suggests complications, and abnormal body temperature indicates possible inflammation. Combining these indicators provides a comprehensive assessment of a patient's infection risk.

[0073] The preset score is 1, which serves as the critical value for judging the severity of the disease. Different triage assessment paths are divided to achieve preliminary triage of the patient's condition.

[0074] For example, if a patient's abdominal pain intensity score is 2 and the abnormal body temperature score is 2, then the severity score determined by the cumulative sum of the scores of the above indicators is 4, which is greater than the preset score of 1, indicating that the patient has a high risk of infection.

[0075] The severity score determines the triage assessment pathway, which provides guidance for subsequent evaluations. If the patient enters the peritonitis assessment pathway, the peritoneal dialysis fluid characteristics will be analyzed to determine the presence of peritonitis, bleeding risk, or infection risk. If the patient enters the catheter exit and tunnel skin assessment pathway, the condition of the catheter exit and tunnel skin will be assessed.

[0076] This triage method avoids unnecessary examinations, makes rational use of medical resources, enables medical staff to quickly focus on key issues, improves diagnosis and treatment efficiency, helps patients receive accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment in a timely manner, and plays an indispensable bridging role in the entire evaluation system.

[0077] The peritonitis assessment pathway includes:

[0078] S31: Perform peritoneal dialysis fluid property analysis, which includes analyzing the turbidity and color characteristics of the peritoneal dialysis fluid.

[0079] S32: Based on the analysis results of the peritoneal dialysis fluid properties, determine whether to output the initial diagnosis opinion of peritonitis and whether to output the medical consultation reminder information.

[0080] The peritoneal dialysis fluid property analysis in step S32 includes: if the peritoneal dialysis fluid is turbid, the outputted initial diagnosis opinion of peritonitis is suspected peritonitis and a prompt message for seeking medical advice is output; if the color characteristic of the peritoneal dialysis fluid is red, the outputted initial diagnosis opinion of peritonitis is bleeding risk and a prompt message for seeking medical advice is output; if the color characteristic of the peritoneal dialysis fluid is milky white, the outputted initial diagnosis opinion of peritonitis is infection risk and a prompt message for seeking medical advice is output; if the color characteristic of the peritoneal dialysis fluid is not red or milky white and the peritoneal dialysis fluid is not turbid, the outputted initial diagnosis opinion of peritonitis is normal and a prompt message for seeking medical advice is not output.

[0081] The peritonitis assessment pathway is designed to further clarify whether a patient has peritonitis and the potential risks by analyzing the properties of peritoneal dialysis fluid, providing an accurate diagnostic basis for subsequent treatment. Patients entering this pathway are considered to have a high likelihood of peritonitis infection and require more in-depth testing if their severity score is greater than or equal to a preset value.

[0082] The turbidity and color characteristics of peritoneal dialysis fluid during analysis are crucial for determining peritonitis and other risks. If the peritoneal dialysis fluid is turbid, an initial diagnosis of suspected peritonitis and a prompt to seek medical attention are provided, alerting patients to seek medical attention and preventing delays.

[0083] For example, cloudy dialysate may indicate a bacterial infection causing peritonitis. Prompt diagnosis allows for early initiation of targeted treatment to prevent the infection from worsening.

[0084] Analysis of the color characteristics of dialysate, such as red representing bleeding risk and milky white representing infection risk, can help medical staff preliminarily determine the cause of the disease and provide direction for subsequent examinations and treatment plans.

[0085] If the dialysis fluid is red, the doctor will focus on investigating the cause of the bleeding, whether it is a rupture of abdominal organs, endometriosis in women, or problems with the patient's own coagulation function; if it is milky white, the doctor will pay more attention to whether there is a special bacterial or fungal infection.

[0086] The peritonitis assessment pathway is based on the analysis of peritoneal dialysis fluid properties, accurately diagnosing and providing prompts for the patient's condition, effectively improving the accuracy and timeliness of peritonitis diagnosis, buying valuable time for patient treatment, and occupying a core position in the entire peritoneal dialysis infection assessment, ensuring that patients can receive more accurate and timely medical intervention.

[0087] The catheter exit and tunnel skin assessment pathway includes:

[0088] S41: Acquire the patient's image data and determine whether the patient has an emergency condition based on the image data.

[0089] In step S41, determining whether the patient has an emergency condition based on the image data includes:

[0090] Determine whether pus is oozing from the catheter outlet, or whether redness and swelling occur in the tunnel area, or whether the catheter polyester sheath is prolapsed. If pus is oozing from the catheter outlet, or redness and swelling occur in the tunnel area, or the catheter polyester sheath is prolapsed, it is determined that the patient has an emergency.

[0091] The purpose of setting up this step is to promptly detect possible emergencies in the patient's catheter outlet and tunnel skin area. These emergencies are often early manifestations of worsening infection or other serious problems.

[0092] By analyzing image data, it is possible to accurately determine whether pus is oozing from the catheter outlet, whether the tunnel area is red and swollen, or whether the catheter's polyester sheath has fallen out. This allows for rapid identification of potential risks, providing key evidence for subsequent medical intervention and avoiding worsening of the condition due to ignoring these emergencies.

[0093] From the perspective of risk warning, pus oozing from the catheter outlet may mean bacterial invasion, redness and swelling in the tunnel area reflect local inflammatory response, and the catheter polyester sheath falling out may affect the dialysis effect and increase the chance of infection.

[0094] For example, pus oozing from the catheter outlet indicates a breach in the skin barrier, allowing bacteria to enter the body. If left untreated, the infection can spread to the peritoneal cavity, leading to serious complications such as peritonitis. By closely monitoring these symptoms, medical staff can take early action to effectively control the progression of the disease.

[0095] In terms of triage, patients are treated differently based on the judgment results. If a patient is confirmed to have an emergency, a prompt message will be immediately output to allow the patient to seek medical treatment in a timely manner and receive professional examination and treatment.

[0096] Patients who do not present with an emergency will then proceed to the subsequent skin scoring system assessment process, where tiered treatment decisions are determined based on other indicators of skin condition. This triage approach rationally utilizes medical resources, ensuring that patients with urgent conditions receive priority treatment while patients with relatively stable conditions also receive appropriate assessment and care. This improves the efficiency and accuracy of peritoneal dialysis infection assessments and plays an irreplaceable role in safeguarding patient health.

[0097] S42: If the patient does not have an emergency, a graded treatment decision is determined based on the skin scoring system. If the patient has an emergency, a medical consultation reminder message is output.

[0098] The skin scoring system determines the graded treatment decision based on the following skin indicators and determines the skin assessment score, among which:

[0099] The erythema diameter score ranges from 0 to 2, the exudate type score ranges from 0 to 2, and the scab diameter score ranges from 0 to 2. The skin assessment score is the sum of the erythema diameter score, the exudate type score, and the scab diameter score.

[0100] For patients who are initially judged to have a low risk of peritonitis (severity score less than the preset score), an in-depth assessment is conducted on the catheter outlet and tunnel skin, two areas that are prone to infection and closely related to peritoneal dialysis, to identify potential infection risks and take corresponding measures in a timely manner to prevent the infection from further worsening or spreading to the peritoneal cavity, affecting the dialysis effect and patient health.

[0101] By acquiring image data to determine whether the patient has an emergency, such as pus oozing from the catheter outlet, redness and swelling in the tunnel area, or prolapse of the catheter's polyester sheath, emergency situations that may cause serious infection can be discovered in a timely manner.

[0102] Once a patient is diagnosed with an emergency, a prompt to seek medical attention is immediately displayed, allowing the patient to receive professional treatment as soon as possible to prevent the condition from worsening. For example, pus oozing from the catheter outlet may mean that bacteria have penetrated the skin barrier. If not treated promptly, it can easily lead to peritonitis. A quick prompt to seek medical attention can effectively reduce this risk.

[0103] On the other hand, for patients who do not have an emergency, the skin scoring system determines the skin assessment score based on skin indicators such as erythema diameter, exudate type, and scab diameter, and makes graded treatment decisions accordingly.

[0104] This process enables precise stratification and management of patients' skin conditions. If the skin assessment score is high, a recommendation for elective outpatient treatment is issued, allowing medical staff to conduct more detailed examinations and treatments for patients with more serious conditions.

[0105] When the score is in the middle range, the output starts to enhance nursing recommendations, and timely strengthen nursing measures to prevent the infection from worsening.

[0106] When the score is low, the system outputs recommendations for maintaining daily care, which not only rationally allocates medical resources but also ensures that patients receive appropriate care. This hierarchical approach provides personalized care and treatment recommendations based on the patient's actual situation, playing a vital role in preventing infection and ensuring the smooth progress of peritoneal dialysis.

[0107] Decision making in the hierarchy of care includes:

[0108] (1) If the skin assessment score is greater than or equal to 4, it is determined to be an infected state and the patient is immediately sent to the outpatient clinic or emergency department for treatment;

[0109] (2) If the skin assessment score is greater than or equal to 2 and less than 4, determine and output the elective outpatient treatment recommendation;

[0110] (3) If the skin assessment score is greater than or equal to 1 and less than 2, determine to output and initiate enhanced care recommendations;

[0111] (4) If the skin assessment score is greater than or equal to 0 and less than 1, determine to output maintenance daily care recommendations.

[0112] Patients are divided into four risk levels based on skin assessment scores (a composite score of erythema diameter, exudate type, and scab diameter) to clarify the severity of infection and avoid the ambiguity of subjective judgment. Differentiated nursing plans (such as immediate medical attention, elective outpatient care, intensive care, or daily care) are developed for patients of different levels to ensure the targeted and effective treatment measures. Through hierarchical management, high-risk patients (such as those with a score ≥4 requiring emergency treatment) are given priority, overtreatment of low-risk patients is reduced, and the allocation of medical resources is optimized.

[0113] The criteria for determining the erythema diameter score include: if there is no erythema, the erythema diameter score is 0; if there is erythema and the erythema diameter is less than 5 mm, the erythema diameter score is 1; if the erythema diameter is greater than 5 mm or there are multiple erythema lesions, the erythema diameter score is 2.

[0114] The criteria for judging the scab diameter score include: if there is no scab, the scab diameter score is 0; if there is a scab and the scab diameter is less than 5 mm, the scab diameter score is 1; if the scab diameter is greater than or equal to 5 mm, the scab diameter score is 2.

[0115] For example, the skin condition of the catheter outlet and tunnel of patient A is that in terms of erythema diameter, there are only tiny erythemas with a diameter of less than 5mm, and the erythema diameter score is 1; the exudate type is no pus exudation, and the exudate type score is 0; there is no scab, and the scab diameter score is 0. Then patient A's skin assessment score = 1+0+0=1, which is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2. According to the graded treatment decision, the output of enhanced care recommendations is determined. This means that at the current stage, medical staff recommend increasing the frequency and intensity of care, such as observing the skin condition more frequently, changing the dressing, strengthening local disinfection, paying close attention to erythema and pus exudation, preventing the infection from worsening, and ensuring that the patient's skin condition is stable.

[0116] For example, Patient B has a single 8mm diameter erythema around the catheter outlet, with an erythema diameter score of 2; there is mild pus exudate, with an exudate type score of 1; and there is no scab, with a scab diameter score of 0. Patient B's skin assessment score = 2 + 1 + 0 = 3, which is greater than 2 and less than 4. At this point, based on the hierarchical treatment decision, a recommendation for elective outpatient treatment is issued. Based on enhanced nursing care, the patient is recommended to attend an outpatient clinic for evaluation as soon as possible, receiving more specialized examinations and treatment. The doctor will develop a targeted treatment plan based on the specific situation, such as using medication to treat erythema, manage pus exudate, and appropriately manage scabs to improve skin condition and reduce the risk of infection.

[0117] For example, Patient C has erythema greater than 10mm in diameter in the catheter exit and tunnel area, with an erythema diameter score of 2; severe pus exudation, with an exudate type score of 2; and a scab greater than 5mm in diameter, with a scab diameter score of 2. Therefore, Patient C's skin assessment score = 2 + 2 + 2 = 6, which is greater than 4. Based on the hierarchical treatment decision, the patient is deemed infected. With enhanced care, the patient is immediately referred to the outpatient or emergency department. If the doctor determines infection, antibiotic treatment is initiated immediately.

[0118] For example, the skin at the catheter exit and tunnel of patient D showed no erythema, no exudate, and no crust, so the skin assessment score of patient D was 0, indicating that his skin condition was stable. It was determined that daily care recommendations were given and no special intervention was required, but standardized daily care was required to maintain a low risk of infection.

[0119] The acute symptom questionnaire system collects extensive clinical data, covering the severity of abdominal pain and associated symptoms. This data, combined with indicators such as pain intensity and abnormal body temperature, determines severity scores, enabling precise triage. For peritonitis assessments, a detailed analysis of the turbidity and color characteristics of peritoneal dialysis fluid allows for accurate initial diagnosis of suspected peritonitis, bleeding risk, and infection risk, preventing misdiagnosis.

[0120] In terms of catheter exit and tunnel skin assessment, emergency conditions are judged based on image data, and a skin scoring system is used to determine the skin assessment score based on erythema diameter, exudate type, and scab diameter, to provide targeted graded treatment decisions, from maintaining daily care to initiating enhanced care, and then to elective outpatient treatment, to achieve precise stratified management.

[0121] In terms of the timeliness of medical reminders, once a suspected infection or emergency is determined, medical reminder information will be output immediately, which will help patients seek medical treatment in time, grasp the best treatment opportunity, reduce disease delays, reduce the risk of worsening infection, and improve patients' treatment effects and quality of life. It also provides scientific and standardized guidance for the diagnosis and treatment work of medical staff.

[0122] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application can adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment in combination with software and hardware. Moreover, the present application can adopt the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to magnetic disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) that contain computer-usable program code.

[0123] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the present application. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of processes and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0124] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0125] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operational steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device for implementing the process. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A step that specifies a function in one or more boxes.

[0126] Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to the present application without departing from the scope of the present application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A method for analyzing and evaluating peritoneal dialysis infection for patients to self-assess, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S1: Clinical data of patients were obtained through the acute symptom questionnaire system; S2: Determine a severity score based on the clinical data, and determine a triage assessment path based on the relationship between the severity score and a preset score. The triage assessment path includes a peritonitis assessment path and a catheter exit and tunnel skin assessment path. The preset score is 1, where: If the severity score is greater than or equal to the preset score, enter the peritonitis assessment pathway; If the severity score is less than the preset score, entering the catheter exit and tunnel skin assessment pathway; The peritonitis assessment pathway includes: S31: performing peritoneal dialysis fluid property analysis, wherein the peritoneal dialysis fluid property analysis includes analyzing the turbidity and color characteristics of the peritoneal dialysis fluid; S32: Determining, based on the analysis results of the peritoneal dialysis fluid properties analysis, whether to output a preliminary diagnosis opinion on peritonitis and whether to output a medical consultation reminder; The catheter exit and tunnel skin assessment pathway includes: S41: Acquire image data of the patient, and determine whether the patient has an emergency condition based on the image data; S42: If the patient does not present an emergency, a graded management decision is made based on the skin scoring system; If the patient has an emergency, the medical consultation reminder information is output.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The severity score is determined based on the accumulation of the following indicators: The abdominal pain intensity score ranges from 0 to 3, and the temperature abnormality score ranges from 0 to 2; The severity score is the sum of the abdominal pain intensity score and the abnormal body temperature score.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein The peritoneal dialysis fluid property analysis in step S32 includes: If the peritoneal dialysis fluid is turbid, the outputted initial diagnosis opinion of peritonitis is suspected peritonitis and the outputted medical consultation prompt information is determined; If the color characteristic of the peritoneal dialysis fluid is red, the outputted initial diagnosis opinion of peritonitis is bleeding risk and the outputted medical consultation prompt information is determined; If the color characteristic of the peritoneal dialysis fluid is milky white, the outputted initial diagnosis opinion of peritonitis is infection risk and the outputted medical consultation prompt information is determined; If the color characteristic of the peritoneal dialysis fluid is not red or milky white and the peritoneal dialysis fluid is not turbid, the outputted initial diagnosis opinion of peritonitis is normal and it is determined not to output the medical consultation prompt information.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein In step S41, determining whether the patient has an emergency condition based on the image data includes: Determine whether pus is oozing from the catheter outlet, or whether redness and swelling occur in the tunnel area, or whether the catheter polyester sheath is prolapsed. If pus is oozing from the catheter outlet, or redness and swelling occur in the tunnel area, or the catheter polyester sheath is prolapsed, it is determined that the patient has an emergency.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein The skin scoring system determines a skin assessment score based on the following skin indicators to determine the graded treatment decision, wherein: The erythema diameter score ranges from 0 to 2, the exudate type score ranges from 0 to 2, and the scab diameter score ranges from 0 to 2. The skin assessment score is the sum of the erythema diameter score, the exudate type score, and the scab diameter score.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein The hierarchy of care decisions includes: If the skin assessment score is greater than or equal to 4, it is determined to be an infection state and an output is output to immediately go to the outpatient clinic or emergency room for treatment; If the skin assessment score is greater than or equal to 2 and less than 4, determine to output an elective outpatient treatment recommendation; If the skin assessment score is greater than or equal to 1 and less than 2, determine to output a suggestion for starting enhanced care; If the skin assessment score is greater than or equal to 0 and less than 1, determine to output a daily care maintenance recommendation.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein The acute symptom questionnaire system includes the following assessment dimensions: subjective judgment of the degree of abdominal pain, whether it is accompanied by vomiting, whether it is accompanied by severe abdominal distension, and whether there is defecation.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The criteria for determining the erythema diameter score include: If there is no erythema, the erythema diameter score is 0; If there is a single lesion with erythema and the diameter of the erythema is less than 5 mm, the erythema diameter score is 1; If the erythema diameter is greater than 5 mm or the erythema is multifocal, the erythema diameter score is 2.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that The criteria for determining the scab diameter score include: If there is no scab, the scab diameter score is 0; If a scab is present and the scab diameter is less than 5 mm, the scab diameter score is 1; If the scab diameter is greater than or equal to 5 mm, the scab diameter score is 2.

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