Regulating humidity of hydrogen at anode inlet of fuel cell system
By setting up independent and adjustable heat zones in the fuel cell system and using components such as heat exchangers to accurately control the gas humidity at the anode inlet, the problem of dynamic humidity deviation in the fuel cell system is solved, achieving efficient operation and long life.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510294029.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-03-14
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-13
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-16
AI Technical Summary
In fuel cell systems, dynamic deviations in humidity at the anode inlet lead to low fuel cell operating efficiency and shortened service life, which is difficult to effectively regulate with existing technologies.
By setting up independently adjustable first and second thermal zones in the fuel cell system, and utilizing components such as heat exchangers, ventilators, heating devices and cooling devices, the gas humidity at the anode inlet is precisely controlled to achieve efficient operation and long life of the fuel cell system.
The efficient operation and extended service life of the fuel cell system are achieved by independently adjusting the temperatures of the first and second heat zones to ensure that the gas humidity at the anode inlet is within an appropriate range, avoiding excessive dryness or excessive humidity, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the system.
Smart Images
Figure CN120657170A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to a fuel cell system for a motor vehicle, a motor vehicle having such a fuel cell system, and a method for regulating the humidity of hydrogen at an anode inlet of a fuel cell system. Background Art
[0002] Fuel cell systems can be used to supply electric motors in motor vehicles with electrical energy.
[0003] A polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell system (PEM fuel cell system) converts hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell system as a gas into water using oxygen. In this reaction, electrical energy, waste heat, and by-products are generated.
[0004] A PEM fuel cell has an anode, which is supplied with hydrogen, and a cathode, which is supplied with oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas. The polymer electrolyte membrane is located between the anode and cathode. To increase the voltage that can be provided by a fuel cell system, multiple such fuel cells can be stacked into a fuel cell stack and connected in series.
[0005] The hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell as fuel does not fully react to form water. Consequently, the anode exhaust gas exiting the fuel cell's anode typically contains a significant proportion of hydrogen. Consequently, PEM fuel cells are typically equipped with an anode-side recirculation loop to direct the hydrogen exiting the fuel cell's anode back into the fuel cell, thereby achieving higher utilization of the hydrogen used.
[0006] In the recirculation loop, unconsumed hydrogen, accumulated nitrogen and water vapor flowing out of the anode of the fuel cell are recirculated. The liquid water phase of the anode exhaust gas from the anode of the fuel cell is separated from the gaseous part of the anode exhaust gas by means of a water separator.
[0007] Liquid water should be separated from the anode exhaust gas as completely as possible. Overflowing of the water separator, i.e., water entering the inlet side of the fuel cell system, should also be reliably prevented. At the same time, a defined humidity range of the anode gas should be maintained at the inlet of the fuel cell anode. This means that both excessively dry and excessively moist anode gas (with reference to the liquid water content) should be avoided.
[0008] Basic parameters of the recirculation circuit (e.g., separation degree of the water separator, component temperature levels, recirculation value, and humidity) can be taken into account when designing a fuel cell system. However, dynamic deviations can occur during temperature-dynamic operation of the fuel cell system, as occurs particularly in mobile use of a motor vehicle.
[0009] In particular, due to different temperatures in different areas of the external anode side of the fuel cell system, the humidity of the anode gas at the anode inlet of the fuel cell system may be too high or too low, both of which are detrimental to the operation and service life of the fuel cell, especially its membrane. Summary of the Invention
[0010] The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a fuel cell system and a method for regulating the humidity at the inlet of an anode of a fuel cell of the fuel cell system, which enable efficient operation and a long service life of the fuel cell system.
[0011] The fuel cell system according to the present invention includes: at least one fuel cell having an anode and a cathode; a hydrogen input line coupled to an inlet of the anode to supply hydrogen to the at least one fuel cell; an anode exhaust line coupled to an outlet of the anode to exhaust exhaust from the at least one fuel cell; and a water separator disposed in the anode exhaust line. The water separator and the anode exhaust line are disposed in a first thermal zone. The hydrogen input line is disposed in a second thermal zone. The temperatures of the first thermal zone and the second thermal zone can be adjusted independently of each other.
[0012] During normal operation of the fuel cell system, water vapor-saturated gas (which contains hydrogen, nitrogen, and water vapor) and additionally liquid water flows out of the outlet of the anode of the fuel cell system.
[0013] If the temperature in the outer part of the anode circuit is lower than the outlet temperature of the gas mixture escaping from the anode outlet of the fuel cell system, this leads to a decrease in the dew point temperature and thus to additional condensation of water. If the temperature in the outer part of the anode circuit is higher than the outlet temperature of the gas mixture escaping from the anode outlet of the fuel cell system, this leads to an increase in the dew point temperature and thus to additional evaporation of water.
[0014] Targeted cooling of the first hot zone leads to a lower dew point. As a result, more liquid water forms. The majority of this liquid water is then separated in a water separator and removed from the circuit.
[0015] By this effect, the recirculated gas after the water separator becomes drier in absolute terms. When subsequently mixed with dry hydrogen at the same temperature, the result is a drier gas at the anode inlet.
[0016] In contrast, targeted heating of the first hot zone results in an increase in the dew point and a reduction in the amount of liquid water, as more water transitions to or remains in the vapor phase. The reduced amount of liquid water is separated in the water separator and removed from the circuit. This effect causes the recirculated gas after the water separator to become more humid in absolute terms, meaning it contains more water. When mixed with dry hydrogen at the same temperature, the result is a more humid gas at the anode inlet.
[0017] Furthermore, cooling the recirculation gas in the second thermal region leads to an increase in the relative humidity and, in the case of correspondingly strong cooling, can result in the dew point not being exceeded.
[0018] Conversely, heating the recirculation gas in the second thermal zone results in an increase in the dew point and in a decrease in the relative humidity.
[0019] Due to the described effect, by targeted and individual thermal regulation of the temperatures of the first thermal area and the second thermal area, the humidity of the gas mixture supplied to the fuel cell at the inlet of the anode can be adjusted to the desired value according to the current operating conditions of the fuel cell system, which value enables efficient and low-wear operation of the fuel cell.
[0020] In one embodiment, the first thermal region and the second thermal region are structurally separated from each other. By structurally separating the two thermal regions, better targeted and individual thermal regulation of the first thermal region and the second thermal region can be achieved.
[0021] In one embodiment, the fuel cell system additionally includes a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger can be arranged, in particular, in the hydrogen supply line. The heat exchanger can be used to regulate, in particular, increase, the temperature of the supplied hydrogen. This, in turn, can adjust the temperature in the second hot region and, therefore, the humidity of the gas mixture at the inlet of the anode of the fuel cell.
[0022] The heat exchanger can be connected to the coolant circuit of the fuel cell, for example. As a result, the supplied hydrogen has the same temperature as the fuel cell. Alternatively, the supplied hydrogen can also be conditioned separately, for example by a heater or other coolant circuit.
[0023] In one embodiment, the anode exhaust gas line and the water separator are thermally insulated, and / or the hydrogen input line is thermally insulated.The anode exhaust gas line and the water separator and / or the hydrogen input line may be thermally insulated from the environment and / or from each other.
[0024] Thermal insulation relative to the surroundings can result in a modified temperature level of the anode gas. This allows the temperature of the first and second thermal zones to be regulated. If the fuel cell system is not operating, the insulation can ensure that the anode exhaust gas line and the water separator and / or hydrogen input line maintain their temperature for an extended period of time.
[0025] Thermal insulation of the anode exhaust gas line and the water separator may result in a higher temperature, a higher dew point and thus a relatively more humid gas at the anode inlet by reducing heat dissipation.
[0026] Thermal insulation of the hydrogen input line may result in a higher temperature of the mixed gas, a higher dew point and thus relatively drier gas at the anode inlet by reducing heat dissipation.
[0027] If the humidity of the gas mixture at the anode inlet is too high, the hydrogen input line and the anode exhaust gas line can be thermally insulated. The water separator should not be thermally insulated to achieve better cooling conditions in the first hot zone. Cooling conditions can be further improved by selecting appropriate materials for the anode exhaust gas line and the water separator.
[0028] If the humidity of the gas mixture at the anode inlet is too low, the anode exhaust gas line and the water separator should be thermally insulated. Conversely, the hydrogen input line should not be insulated to achieve better cooling conditions in the second hot zone. Cooling conditions can be further improved by selecting appropriate materials for the hydrogen input line.
[0029] In one embodiment, a jet pump, a hydrogen metering valve and / or a shut-off valve are present in the hydrogen feed line in order to enable the metered hydrogen to be delivered from the hydrogen storage device to the anode of the fuel cell.
[0030] In one embodiment, the injection pump, the hydrogen dosing valve and / or the shut-off valve are thermally insulated.The injection pump, the hydrogen valve and / or the shut-off valve may be thermally insulated from the environment and / or from each other.
[0031] The anode of the fuel cell may be supplied with heated or cooled hydrogen.
[0032] Cooling of the hydrogen introduced through the hydrogen dosing valve may result in a lowering of the dew point of the mixed gas when mixed with the recirculated gas and, if the supplied hydrogen is sufficiently cool, in the condensation of water from the mixed gas.
[0033] Heating the hydrogen introduced through the hydrogen dosing valve can, when mixed with the recirculated gas, result in an increase in the dew point of the mixed gas and thus in a drier gas.
[0034] In one embodiment, the first thermal zone and / or the second thermal zone each include a flap system that enables control of the air supply to the respective thermal zone. The flap system can be used to control, in particular, the supply of ambient air to the fuel cell system. This allows for targeted ventilation of the first and / or second thermal zone.
[0035] In one embodiment, the first thermal zone and / or the second thermal zone each comprises at least one ventilator configured to supply air from the environment to the respective thermal zone.The ventilator may ensure an increased air supply into the respective thermal zone.
[0036] By means of the at least one ventilator, the temperature of the first and second heating region can be adjusted to the desired value in an improved manner.
[0037] In one embodiment, the first and / or second heating zone may each include at least one heating device configured to heat the corresponding heating zone and / or to heat air supplied to the corresponding heating zone.
[0038] In one embodiment, the first and / or second thermal zone may each include at least one cooling device configured to cool the corresponding thermal zone and / or to cool air supplied to the corresponding thermal zone.
[0039] If the first hot zone is cooled and / or ventilated, the water separation in the water separator can be increased, thereby resulting in drier gas at the anode inlet.
[0040] If the first hot region is heated or cooled or ventilated less strongly, the water separation in the water separator can be reduced. As a result, relatively more humid gas can be obtained at the anode inlet.
[0041] If the second hot region is heated or cooled or ventilated less strongly, the relative humidity at the anode inlet can be reduced. If the second hot region is heated or cooled less strongly, the relative humidity at the anode inlet can be increased.
[0042] In one embodiment, one or more liquid conditioning media (e.g., cooling water) are thermally connected to the hydrogen input line and / or the anode exhaust gas line. By means of such conditioning media, the anode gas temperature in the first region can be adjusted and controlled to a desired value better and faster.
[0043] In one embodiment, the fuel cell system comprises a fan which is arranged downstream of the gas outlet of the water separator in the second hot region. By means of such a fan, recirculation can be actively supported so as to cover the entire operating range of the fuel cell system.
[0044] The fuel cell system may further include a cooling circuit or cooler to cool the fuel cell. The cooling circuit or cooler may be coupled to a heat exchanger arranged in the hydrogen input line to heat the hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell system.
[0045] The fuel cell system may further comprise a control device configured to actuate the hydrogen metering valve, the shut-off valve, the at least one flap system, the at least one ventilator, the heating device, the cooling device and / or the at least one fan so as to provide a gas mixture with desired properties at the inlet of the anode of the fuel cell.
[0046] The present invention also includes a motor vehicle having at least one electric motor and a fuel cell system according to the present invention, which is designed to supply the electric motor with electrical energy.
[0047] The embodiments and advantages described for the fuel cell system also apply to a motor vehicle equipped with such a fuel cell system.
[0048] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for regulating the humidity of hydrogen at the inlet of an anode of a fuel cell (as described above), wherein the temperature of a first thermal region is adjusted independently of the temperature of a second thermal region.
[0049] In one embodiment, the temperature of the first thermal region and / or the temperature of the second thermal region is specifically increased or decreased in order to set the humidity of the hydrogen at the inlet of the anode of the fuel cell to a desired value.
[0050] If the humidity at the anode inlet of the fuel cell system is to be reduced, the temperature of the first hot region can be lowered. This temperature can be reduced by cooling or improving heat dissipation. This results in increased water separation in the water separator, thus preventing condensation and reducing humidity at the anode inlet.
[0051] If the humidity at the anode inlet of the fuel cell system is to be increased, the temperature of the first thermal region can be increased. This temperature can be increased by heating components in the first thermal region. Increasing the temperature in the first thermal region can result in reduced water separation and thus increased humidity at the anode inlet.
[0052] Cooling the second hot region or improving the heat dissipation from the second hot region leads to a lowering of the dew point temperature and thus to an increase in the relative humidity.
[0053] Heating the second hot region or improving the insulation / freeze protection measures for the second hot region leads to a reduction in heat dissipation and thus to the avoidance of a severe drop in the dew point and thus to an increased condensation of water in the gas.
[0054] If there is no heat exchanger in the hydrogen input line, it may be sensible to preheat the supplied hydrogen in the second hot region in order to prevent severe cooling of the gas mixture and thus undesirable condensation before the inlet of the fuel cell system.
[0055] In one embodiment, the temperature of the first heating zone and / or the temperature of the second heating zone is controlled by targeted supply of air from the environment, in particular by flap systems in the first and / or second heating zone, by at least one ventilator and / or by a heat exchanger.
[0056] In one embodiment, the temperature of the first hot zone and / or the temperature of the second hot zone is lowered or raised by at least one liquid conditioning medium (e.g. cooling water) thermally connected to the hydrogen input line and / or the anode exhaust line.
[0057] Lowering the temperature of the first hot zone by cooling it with a liquid conditioning medium can result in increased water separation in the water separator. In this way, a drier gas can be obtained at the anode inlet.
[0058] Increasing the temperature of the first hot zone by heating it with a liquid conditioning medium can result in reduced water separation in the water separator.In this way, a relatively humid gas can be obtained at the anode inlet.
[0059] Lowering the temperature of the second hot zone can reduce the relative humidity at the stack inlet. Raising the temperature of the second hot zone can increase the relative humidity at the anode inlet.
[0060] If the humidity is too high at the anode inlet, the temperature of the second thermal zone may be increased and the temperature of the first thermal zone may be decreased.
[0061] In one embodiment, the conditioning is accomplished using a cooling medium of the fuel cell system.
[0062] In one embodiment, the temperature of the second thermal region is reduced by cooled hydrogen introduced into the fuel cell system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0063] Figure 1 A motor vehicle is shown in a schematic illustration, which is driven by an electric motor powered by a fuel cell system.
[0064] Figure 2 A schematic illustration of a fuel cell system is shown, which is configured according to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0065] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0066] Figure 1 A motor vehicle 1 is shown in a schematic illustration, which is driven by an electric motor 5 , which is supplied with power by a fuel cell system 2 . Figure 1The motor vehicle 1 shown in FIG has four wheels 3 and at least one electric motor 5 which is provided for driving at least two wheels 3 of the motor vehicle 1 . The electric motor 5 can also be provided for driving all four wheels 3 of the motor vehicle 1 .
[0067] In an alternative embodiment not explicitly shown in the figures, an electric motor 5 can be provided on at least one of the wheels 3 of the motor vehicle 1, in particular on each of the wheels 3. The electric motor 5 is supplied with electrical energy via a motor controller 7, which is provided by the fuel cell system 2.
[0068] The fuel cell system 2 according to the invention can also be used in motor vehicles 1 having more or fewer than four wheels 3 .
[0069] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a fuel cell system 2 according to the present invention is shown.
[0070] The fuel cell system 2 includes at least one fuel cell 4 having an anode 10 and a cathode 12 , which are separated from one another by a membrane 16 .
[0071] The cathode 12 is Figure 2 An oxygen supply system (not shown) is supplied with oxygen, for example oxygen-containing air from the environment.
[0072] The fuel cell system 2 further comprises a hydrogen input line 6 which is coupled to the inlet of the anode 10 of the fuel cell 4 in order to supply the at least one fuel cell 4 with hydrogen from the hydrogen storage 39 .
[0073] The fuel cell system 2 further comprises an anode exhaust gas line 8, which is coupled to the outlet of the anode 10 in order to discharge exhaust gas from the at least one fuel cell 4. In the anode exhaust gas line 8, a water separator 20 is located.
[0074] The water separator 20 has a gas inlet 22 for receiving the exhaust gas stream 14 output from the fuel cells of the fuel cell system 2. The water separator 20 also has a gas outlet 24 for outputting a gas output stream 25 comprising substantially the gaseous portion of the exhaust gas stream 14.
[0075] A fan 13 can be provided at the gas outlet 24 of the water separator 20 , which fan enables active support of the recirculation in order to cover the entire operating range of the fuel cell system 2 .
[0076] Furthermore, the water separator 20 has a liquid outlet 26 which enables the discharge of liquid 23 , in particular water, which has been separated from the exhaust gas of the fuel cell 4 and has accumulated at the bottom of the water separator 20 , from the water separator 20 via a controllable outlet valve 28 .
[0077] A so-called purge valve 29 is also provided on the water separator 20 , which allows the hydrogen concentration or nitrogen content of the gas outlet flow 25 to be adjusted. The purge valve 29 is arranged in particular in the upper region of the water separator 20 .
[0078] The water separator 20 and the anode exhaust gas line 8 are arranged in the first hot region T1, and the hydrogen input line 6 is arranged in the second hot region T2. The first hot region T1 and the second hot region T2 are thermally insulated from each other so that the temperature of the first hot region T1 and the temperature of the second hot region T2 can be adjusted independently of each other.
[0079] The first thermal zone T1 and the second thermal zone T2 may be structurally separated from each other to thermally insulate them from each other.
[0080] A heat exchanger 38 is provided in the hydrogen input line 6. The heat exchanger 38 is located in particular outside the second hot region T2.
[0081] The fuel cell system 2 further includes a jet pump 32, a hydrogen dosing valve 31, and a shut-off valve 30 disposed in the hydrogen input line 6 so as to be able to provide the hydrogen-containing gas 18 having a predetermined pressure and a predetermined flow rate to the fuel cell 4. The jet pump 32, the hydrogen dosing valve 31, and the shut-off valve 30 may be thermally insulated from each other and / or from the environment.
[0082] The first heating zone T1 and the second heating zone T2 each have a flap system 34 , 35 which enables a controlled air supply (in particular from the environment) to the respective heating zone T1 , T2 .
[0083] Alternatively or additionally, the first heating zone T1 and the second heating zone T2 each have a ventilator 36, 37. The ventilators 36, 37 are arranged and configured to supply air from the environment to the respective heating zone T1, T2.
[0084] The first and / or second heating zone can each have at least one heating device 40 , 41 , which is designed to heat the respective heating zone and / or to heat the air supplied to the respective heating zone.
[0085] The first and / or second heating zone can each have at least one cooling device 42 , 43 , which is designed to cool the respective heating zone and / or to cool the air supplied to the respective heating zone.
[0086] The fuel cell system 2 further comprises a control device 40. The control device 40 is provided and designed to actuate the jet pump 32, the hydrogen metering valve 31, the shut-off valve 30, the flap systems 34, 35, the ventilators 36, 37, the heating devices 40, 41 and the cooling devices 42, 43 (if present) in order to supply the anode 10 of the fuel cell 4 with a flow of hydrogen-containing gas 18 having a predetermined pressure and a predetermined humidity in a targeted manner.
[0087] By targeted control of the flap systems 34, 35, ventilators 36, 37, heating devices 40, 41 and / or cooling devices 42, 43, the humidity of the hydrogen-containing gas 18 can be targetedly adjusted to a predetermined value when the ambient temperature fluctuates and / or the operating conditions of the fuel cell 4 change. The value is adapted to the fuel cell 4 operating under the current conditions. The hydrogen-containing gas is supplied to the anode 10 of the fuel cell 4 via the hydrogen input line 6.
[0088] During normal operation of the fuel cell system 2 , a gas mixture containing hydrogen, nitrogen, and water vapor, and additionally saturated water vapor containing liquid water, flows out of the outlet of the anode 10 as an exhaust gas stream 14 .
[0089] If the temperature drops below the outlet temperature of the gas mixture emerging as exhaust gas stream 14 from the anode outlet of the fuel cell system 2 , this leads to a drop in the dew point temperature and thus to additional condensation of water from the exhaust gas 14 .
[0090] If the temperature rises above the outlet temperature of the gas mixture emerging from the outlet of the anode 10 as exhaust gas stream 14 , this leads to an increase in the dew point temperature and thus to additional evaporation of water.
[0091] Targeted cooling of the exhaust gas flow 14 in the first hot region T1 leads to a lowering of the dew point. This results in a greater formation of liquid water, which is then mostly separated in the water separator 20 and thus removed from the exhaust gas flow 14 .
[0092] By this effect, the recirculated gas after the water separator 20 becomes drier in absolute terms. When subsequently mixed with dry hydrogen at the same temperature, the result is a drier gas at the inlet of the anode 10.
[0093] Targeted heating of the first hot zone T1 leads to an increase in the dew point and a reduction in the amount of liquid water, since more water passes into or remains in the vapor phase. The smaller amount of liquid water is separated in the water separator 20 and removed from the circuit.
[0094] By this effect, the recirculated gas after the water separator 20 becomes more humid in an absolute sense, ie it contains more water. When mixed with dry hydrogen at the same temperature, the result is a more humid gas mixture 18 at the inlet of the anode 10.
[0095] Cooling the recirculation gas in the second thermal region T2 leads to an increase in the relative humidity and, in the case of correspondingly strong cooling, can result in the dew point not being exceeded.
[0096] Conversely, heating the recirculation gas in the second thermal zone T2 results in an increase in the dew point and in a decrease in the relative humidity of the recirculation gas.
[0097] Due to these effects, by targeted adjustment of the temperatures in the first thermal region T1 and the second thermal region T2, the humidity of the gas mixture 18 supplied to the fuel cell 4 at the inlet of the anode 10 can be adjusted to the following value, which is suitable for the current operating conditions of the fuel cell system 2.
[0098] The temperatures in the first heating zone T1 and the second heating zone T2 can be set to desired values, in particular by suitable actuation of the flap systems 34 , 35 and / or the ventilators 36 , 37 .
Claims
1. A fuel cell system (2), comprising: - at least one fuel cell (4) having an anode (10) and a cathode (12), a hydrogen input line (6) coupled to the inlet of the anode (10) in order to supply a hydrogen-containing gas (18) to the at least one fuel cell (4), an anode exhaust gas line (8) coupled to an outlet of the anode (10) for discharging exhaust gas from the at least one fuel cell (4), and a water separator (20) arranged in the anode exhaust gas line (8), in, The water separator (20) and the anode exhaust gas line (8) are arranged in a first thermal region (T1), wherein the hydrogen input line (6) is arranged in a second thermal region (T2), wherein the temperatures of the first thermal region (T1) and the second thermal region (T2) can be adjusted independently of each other.
2. The fuel cell system (2) according to claim 1, wherein: The first heat zone (T1) and the second heat zone (T2) are structurally separated from each other.
3. The fuel cell system (2) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The fuel cell system (2) additionally comprises a heat exchanger (38), which is arranged in particular in the hydrogen feed line (6).
4. The fuel cell system (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The anode exhaust gas line (8) and the water separator (20) are thermally insulated, and / or the hydrogen input line (6) is thermally insulated.
5. The fuel cell system (2) according to claim 4, wherein: In the hydrogen input line (6) there are a jet pump (32), a hydrogen valve (31) and / or a shut-off valve (30), wherein the jet pump (32), the hydrogen valve (31) and the shut-off valve (30) are thermally insulated.
6. The fuel cell system (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The first heating zone (T1) and / or the second heating zone (T2) each comprise a flap system (34, 35) which enables control of the air supply to the corresponding heating zone (T1, T2).
7. The fuel cell system (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The first thermal zone (T1) and / or the second thermal zone (T2) each comprise at least one ventilator (36, 37) configured to supply air from the environment to the respective thermal zone (T1, T2).
8. The fuel cell system (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: One or more liquid conditioning media are thermally connected to the hydrogen input line (6) and / or the anode exhaust gas line (8).
9. The fuel cell system (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The fuel cell system (2) includes a fan (13) arranged at a gas outlet (24) of the water separator (20) in the second hot region (T2).
10. A motor vehicle (1) having at least one electric motor (5) and a fuel cell system (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: The fuel cell system (2) is designed to supply electrical energy to an electric motor (5).
11. A method for regulating the humidity at the inlet of an anode (10) of a fuel cell (4) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: The temperature of the first thermal zone (T1) is adjusted independently of the temperature of the second thermal zone (T2).
12. The method according to claim 11, wherein The temperature of the first heating region (T1) is increased or decreased in a targeted manner, and / or the temperature of the second heating region (T2) is increased or decreased in a targeted manner.
13. The method according to claim 11 or 12, wherein: The temperature of the first heating zone (T1) and / or the temperature of the second heating zone (T2) is controlled by a targeted supply of air from the environment into the respective heating zone (T1, T2), in particular by a flap system (34, 35) and / or by a ventilator (36, 37).
14. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein The temperature of the first hot zone (T1) and / or the temperature of the second hot zone (T2) is lowered or increased by at least one liquid conditioning medium, which is thermally connected to the hydrogen input line (6) and / or the anode exhaust gas line (8).
15. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein The temperature of the second thermal region (T2) is lowered by cooled hydrogen introduced into the fuel cell system (2).