A high-power battery management system for unmanned aerial vehicles

Abstract

The application provides a high-power battery management system of a UAV, which comprises a shell, an electric circuit board arranged in the shell, an electric core group, an AFE unit, an MCU controller, a pre-charging circuit, a main power mos, a sampling resistor, a high-power fuse, a black box, a Bluetooth communication module, a temperature sensor, a switch button, an electric quantity indicator lamp, a plug-in state indicator lamp, a hybrid plug, a negative plug, a positive electrode of the electric core group is connected with a positive electrode of the hybrid plug through the high-power fuse, a negative electrode of the electric core group is connected with a drain electrode of the main power mos through the sampling resistor, a negative electrode of the hybrid plug is connected with a source electrode of the main power mos, a gate electrode of the main power mos is connected with the AFE unit, the AFE unit is further connected with the electric core group, and the negative plug is connected with the pre-charging circuit and the sampling resistor. The application effectively reduces the weight and cost of the battery in the high-power discharge scene, guarantees the power supply reliability in the high-power discharge, and ensures the flight safety of the UAV.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of battery management technology, and in particular relates to a high-power battery management system for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of drone technology, the payload and takeoff weight of drones are also constantly increasing. In current heavy-duty vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) drones, to meet the high power requirements of rotor propulsion while also considering the effective payload of fixed-wing drones, the rotor power battery itself faces a contradiction between high power and the heavy weight of the battery management system. Using non-intelligent management batteries would greatly increase the risk of battery use, while using conventional intelligent batteries would add a significant amount of weight, reducing the overall payload and performance of the drone. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention aims to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned problems in the prior art and proposes a high-power battery management system for UAVs, which significantly reduces the weight of the battery management system while ensuring battery safety and flight safety, and ensures overcurrent capacity.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is implemented as follows:

[0005] A high-power battery management system for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) includes a housing, inside which is a circuit board. The circuit board is equipped with a battery cell assembly, an AFE unit, an MCU controller, a pre-charging circuit, a main power MOSFET, a sampling resistor, a high-power fuse, a black box, a Bluetooth communication module, a temperature sensor, a switch button and a power indicator light, a connection status indicator light, a hybrid plug, and a negative plug.

[0006] The positive terminal of the battery cell assembly is connected to the positive terminal of the hybrid connector via a high-power fuse. The negative terminal of the battery cell assembly is connected to the drain of the main power MOSFET via a sampling resistor. The negative terminal of the hybrid connector is connected to the source of the main power MOSFET. The gate of the main power MOSFET is connected to the AFE unit, which is also connected to the battery cell assembly. One end of the temperature sensor is connected to the battery cell assembly, and the other end is connected to the MCU controller. The negative connector is connected to the pre-charge circuit and the sampling resistor. The pre-charge circuit, hybrid connector, Bluetooth communication module, black box, switch button, and power indicator are all connected to the MCU controller.

[0007] Furthermore, the AFE unit is used to monitor the cell voltage, current, and capacity.

[0008] Furthermore, the pre-charging circuit is used to provide an appropriate pre-charging current at the moment of insertion.

[0009] Furthermore, the main power MOS is used to control the negative switch of the hybrid plug, providing low-power power supply.

[0010] Furthermore, the sampling resistor is used for low-side current sampling to provide current data for the AFE unit.

[0011] Furthermore, the hybrid plug is a positive and negative hybrid plug, used to provide low-power power supply and pre-charge function for the device.

[0012] Furthermore, the negative plug is an independent negative plug, used to provide high-power power supply.

[0013] Furthermore, the system operates as follows:

[0014] When connecting a load, the device is pre-charged by first plugging in the hybrid plug;

[0015] Before takeoff, connect the negative plug and use the negative terminal of the hybrid plug for high-power discharge.

[0016] Furthermore, both the hybrid plug and the negative plug are equipped with a connection detection component. The connection detection component includes two contacts for detecting the connection. One contact is grounded, and the other contact is at a high level. The MCU controller determines the connection sequence of the plug by detecting the level change of the contact.

[0017] Furthermore, the outer casing is provided with a hybrid plug port and a negative plug port. The hybrid plug port has a first inclined surface on one side, and the negative plug port has a second inclined surface and a flat surface on one side. The first inclined surface and the flat surface are connected by a connecting rod, and the second inclined surface is connected to an anti-dislodgement pin.

[0018] Compared with existing technologies, the high-power battery management system for drones described in this invention has the following advantages:

[0019] The management system of this invention effectively improves battery reliability and lifespan, and effectively reduces battery weight and cost in high-power discharge scenarios, while ensuring power supply reliability during high-power discharge and ensuring the flight safety of drones. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the management system of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware board outline of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the hybrid plug for the invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the outer shell structure of the present invention.

[0025] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0026] 1-Battery cell assembly; 2-AFE unit; 3-MCU controller; 4-Pre-charge circuit; 5-Main power MOSFET; 6-Sampling resistor; 7-High power fuse; 8-Black box; 9-Bluetooth communication module; 10-Temperature sensor; 11-Switch button and power indicator light; 12-Connection status indicator light; 13-Mixed plug; 131-Positive terminal; 132-Negative terminal; 14-Negative plug; 15-Mixed plug port; 16-Negative plug port; 17-First bevel; 18-Second bevel; 19-Flat surface; 20-Connecting rod; 21-Anti-detachment pin. Detailed Implementation

[0027] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0028] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0029] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0030] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0031] like Figure 1-3As shown, the present invention provides a high-power battery management system for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), including a housing, with a circuit board inside the housing. The circuit board is provided with a battery cell group 1, an AFE unit 2, an MCU controller 3, a pre-charging circuit 4, a main power MOSFET 5, a sampling resistor 6, a high-power fuse 7, a black box 8, a Bluetooth communication module 9, a temperature sensor 10, a switch button and a power indicator light 11, a plug status indicator light 12, a hybrid plug 13, and a negative plug 14.

[0032] The positive terminal of the battery cell assembly 1 is connected to the positive terminal of the hybrid connector 13 via a high-power fuse 7. The negative terminal of the battery cell assembly 1 is connected to the drain of the main power MOSFET 5 via a sampling resistor 6. The negative terminal of the hybrid connector 13 is connected to the source of the main power MOSFET 5. The gate of the main power MOSFET 5 is connected to an AFE unit 2. The AFE unit 2 is also connected to the battery cell assembly 1. One end of the temperature sensor 10 is connected to the battery cell assembly 1, and the other end is connected to the MCU controller 3. The negative connector 14 is connected to the pre-charge circuit 4 and the sampling resistor 6. The pre-charge circuit 4, the hybrid connector 13, the Bluetooth communication module 9, the black box 8, the switch button, and the power indicator light 11 are all connected to the MCU controller 3.

[0033] In this invention, AFE unit 2 is used to monitor cell voltage, current, and capacity and implement protection; MCU controller 3 is the main logic device, handling software protection logic as well as usage and plug-in logic; pre-charge circuit 3 provides appropriate pre-charge current at the moment of plug-in to prevent current surges caused by capacitive loads; main power MOS 5 controls the negative switch of the hybrid plug to provide low-power power supply; sampling resistor 6 samples the low-side current and provides current data to AFE unit 2; high-power fuse 7 provides forced blowing protection when the maximum current limit is exceeded; black box 8 independently records and manages system operation information; Bluetooth communication module 9 connects MCU controller 3 and user... The device allows for information interaction with the user; temperature sensor 10 monitors the temperature of the battery pack 1 in real time for thermal management; the switch button and power indicator light 11 interact with the user for power on / off and signal communication; the plug status indicator light 12 indicates the plug's insertion status to ensure correct insertion sequence; the hybrid plug 13 is a positive and negative hybrid plug, providing a positive terminal with a large overcurrent and a negative terminal with a small overcurrent, which can provide a small current for pre-charging and basic power supply to the device; the negative plug 14 is an independent negative plug, which, when plugged in, short-circuits the negative terminal 132 of the hybrid plug 13 and forms a power supply circuit with the positive terminal 131 of the hybrid plug 13, providing high-power power supply. This invention distinguishes between the high-power and low-power sections. In the low-power section, the negative terminal of the hybrid plug is controlled by the main power MOS 5 and managed by the AFE unit 2 and MCU controller 3. In the high-power section, the independent negative plug 14 is directly connected to the front end of the main power MOS 5 and is not controlled or managed by the AFE unit 2 and MCU controller 3. This satisfies the requirements for battery management and high-power overcurrent control in a lightweight design.

[0034] When the present invention is in operation, the load is first connected by plugging in the hybrid plug 13 and pre-charging the device through the MCU controller 3 to provide a certain power supply function for use in the ground debugging and low power testing of the UAV. Before takeoff, the negative plug 14 is connected and the negative terminal of the hybrid plug 13 is turned off by the MCU controller 3 to perform high power discharge.

[0035] In this invention, due to the requirement for a specific plug insertion sequence, the mixed plug 13 must be connected first. The connection sequence is monitored in real time by the MCU controller 3. Each plug on the circuit board has two contacts for detecting insertion: one grounded and one high-level. The load device plug has two corresponding contacts that are shorted. When the plug is not inserted, the circuit board detects one high-level and one low-level (grounded) contact. When the load plug is inserted, the high-level and grounded contacts are shorted, resulting in two low-level contacts, thus detecting plug insertion. If the insertion is correct, the device automatically powers on. Since both plugs in this invention have the aforementioned contacts and detection components, the insertion sequence can be detected. If an incorrect insertion sequence occurs, a connection status indicator light will provide a warning.

[0036] This invention also prevents incorrect connection through a foolproof design of the battery casing. For example... Figure 4 As shown, the outer casing has a hybrid plug port 15 and a negative plug port 16. The hybrid plug port 15 has a first inclined surface 17 on one side, and the negative plug port 16 has a second inclined surface 18 and a flat surface 19 on one side. The first inclined surface 17 and the flat surface 19 are connected by a connecting rod 20, and the second inclined surface 18 is connected to an anti-dislodgement pin 21. In use, the hybrid plug 13 is inserted first. The plug, by pressing the first inclined surface 18, moves the inclined surface to the right. Through the connecting rod 20, the flat surface 19 retracts to the left. The independent negative plug 14 can then be inserted after pressing the second inclined surface 18. The second inclined surface 18, upon being pressed, moves to the left, and the anti-dislodgement pin 21 extends to lock the hybrid plug, preventing it from falling out. This also prevents incorrect insertion sequence. If the sequence is incorrect, the independent negative plug 14 is inserted first. Since the flat surface 19 cannot be compressed back, the plug cannot be inserted, thus avoiding the problem of incorrect insertion sequence.

[0037] Under the same overcurrent requirements of the power system, the negative terminal of the hybrid plug only provides low-power power supply and pre-charge. The high-power overcurrent section is directly connected to the battery cell through a sampling resistor, bypassing the MOS of a traditional BMS. Therefore, there is no need to consider insufficient overcurrent in the high-power section. Thus, this invention can focus only on pre-charge current and other functions, without considering the high-power overcurrent requirement, saving significant weight and volume in the overcurrent devices. It also reduces heat generation and saves on the weight of the heatsink in the switching devices.

[0038] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-power battery management system for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), characterized in that: Includes an outer casing, inside which is a circuit board, on which are mounted a battery cell assembly, an AFE unit, an MCU controller, a pre-charge circuit, a main power MOSFET, a sampling resistor, a high-power fuse, a black box, a Bluetooth communication module, a temperature sensor, a switch button and a power indicator light, a plug-in status indicator light, a hybrid plug, and a negative plug. The positive terminal of the battery cell assembly is connected to the positive terminal of the hybrid connector via a high-power fuse. The negative terminal of the battery cell assembly is connected to the drain of the main power MOSFET via a sampling resistor. The negative terminal of the hybrid connector is connected to the source of the main power MOSFET. The gate of the main power MOSFET is connected to the AFE unit, which is also connected to the battery cell assembly. One end of the temperature sensor is connected to the battery cell assembly, and the other end is connected to the MCU controller. The negative connector is connected to the pre-charge circuit and the sampling resistor. The pre-charge circuit, hybrid connector, Bluetooth communication module, black box, switch button, and power indicator are all connected to the MCU controller.

2. The high-power battery management system for unmanned aerial vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The AFE unit is used to monitor the cell voltage, current, and capacity.

3. The high-power battery management system for unmanned aerial vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pre-charging circuit is used to provide an appropriate pre-charging current at the moment of insertion.

4. The high-power battery management system for unmanned aerial vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main power MOS is used to control the negative switch of the hybrid plug and provide low-power power supply.

5. A high-power battery management system for unmanned aerial vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sampling resistor is used for low-side current sampling and is used to provide current data for the AFE unit.

6. A high-power battery management system for unmanned aerial vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hybrid plug is a positive and negative hybrid plug, used to provide low-power power supply and pre-charge function for the device.

7. A high-power battery management system for unmanned aerial vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The negative plug is an independent negative plug, used to provide high-power power supply.

8. A high-power battery management system for unmanned aerial vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system operates as follows: When connecting a load, the device is pre-charged by first plugging in the hybrid plug; Before takeoff, connect the negative plug and use the negative terminal of the hybrid plug for high-power discharge.

9. A high-power battery management system for unmanned aerial vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the hybrid plug and the negative plug are equipped with a connection detection component. The connection detection component includes two contacts for detecting the connection. One contact is grounded and the other contact is at a high level. The MCU controller determines the connection sequence of the plug by detecting the level change of the contact.

10. A high-power battery management system for unmanned aerial vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer casing is provided with a hybrid plug port and a negative plug port. The hybrid plug port has a first inclined surface on one side, and the negative plug port has a second inclined surface and a flat surface on one side. The first inclined surface and the flat surface are connected by a connecting rod, and the second inclined surface is connected to an anti-dislodgement pin.

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