Side link positioning method supporting dual positioning mode in wireless communication system and apparatus therefor

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a method performed by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system. Specifically, the method comprises the steps of: receiving a location request message from a location server, the location request message comprising information on a dual positioning pattern associated with both a measurement location and a calculation location; measuring a position based on at least one positioning reference signal (PRS); calculating a position based on the measured position; and reporting the measured location to a location server.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for performing sidelink positioning supporting dual positioning modes in a wireless communication system. Background Art

[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication services, such as voice and data. Generally, wireless communication systems are multiple-access systems capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (bandwidth, transmission power, etc.). Examples of multiple-access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and multi-carrier frequency division multiple access (MC-FDMA) systems.

[0003] Sidelink (SL) is a communication scheme in which a direct link is established between user equipments (UEs) and the UEs exchange voice or data without the intervention of a base station (BS). SL is considered a solution to alleviate the constraints of rapidly growing data traffic on BSs.

[0004] Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) is a communication technology that allows vehicles to exchange information with other vehicles, pedestrians, and infrastructure through wired or wireless communications. V2X can be categorized into four types: vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-network (V2N), and vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P). V2X communication can be provided via the PC5 interface and / or the Uu interface. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Technical issues

[0006] Based on the above description, the present disclosure aims to propose a method and device for performing sidelink positioning supporting dual positioning modes in a wireless communication system.

[0007] The objectives to be achieved by the present disclosure are not limited to the contents specifically described above, and those skilled in the art will more clearly understand other objectives not described herein from the following detailed description.

[0008] Technical Solution

[0009] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method performed by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system is provided. The method includes the following steps: receiving a location request message from a location server, the location request message including information about a dual positioning mode associated with both location measurement and location calculation; performing location measurement based on at least one positioning reference signal (PRS); performing location calculation based on the location measurement; and reporting the location measurement to the location server.

[0010] In another aspect of the present disclosure, a UE in a wireless communication system is provided. The UE includes: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operatively connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations. The operations include: receiving a location request message from a location server, the location request message including information regarding a dual positioning mode associated with both location measurement and location calculation; performing location measurement based on at least one PRS; performing location calculation based on the location measurement; and reporting the location measurement to the location server.

[0011] In another aspect of the present disclosure, a processing device in a wireless communication system is provided. The processing device includes: at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operatively connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations for a UE. The operations include: receiving a location request message from a location server, the location request message including information regarding a dual positioning mode associated with both location measurement and location calculation; performing location measurement based on at least one PRS; performing location calculation based on the location measurement; and reporting the location measurement to the location server.

[0012] In another aspect of the present disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium is provided. The computer-readable storage medium stores at least one program code including instructions that, when executed, cause at least one processor to perform operations for a UE. The operations include: receiving a location request message from a location server, the location request message including information regarding a dual positioning mode associated with both location measurement and location calculation; performing location measurement based on at least one PRS; performing location calculation based on the location measurement; and reporting the location measurement to the location server.

[0013] Preferably, the location server performs a location calculation based on the reported location measurements.

[0014] More preferably, the UE may send the calculated location information to the location server, and the location server may select one of the location information calculated by the UE and the location information calculated by the location server based on the quality of the location information.

[0015] The location server includes at least one of a Location Management Function (LMF) or a server UE.

[0016] The UE may pre-report information about the positioning modes supported by the UE to the location server, and the positioning modes supported by the UE include a dual positioning mode. In addition, the positioning modes supported by the UE may also include at least one of a UE-assisted positioning mode associated with position measurement or a UE-based positioning mode associated with position calculation.

[0017] The above solutions are only some examples of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art can deduce and understand various examples including the technical features of the present disclosure from the following detailed description.

[0018] Beneficial effects

[0019] According to the present disclosure, wireless signal transmission and reception can be efficiently performed in a wireless communication system.

[0020] Those skilled in the art will understand that the effects that can be achieved using the present disclosure are not limited to those specifically described above, and other advantages of the present disclosure will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the principle of the disclosure:

[0022] Figure 1 2 is a diagram showing the structure of a New Radio (NR) system.

[0023] Figure 2 is a diagram showing the functional split between the Next Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) and the 5th Generation Core Network (5GC).

[0024] Figure 3 The radio protocol architecture of the NR system is shown.

[0025] Figure 4 The radio frame structure in the NR system is shown.

[0026] Figure 5 A resource grid showing a time slot in an NR system.

[0027] Figure 6 An example of a communication system 1 to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0028] Figure 7 and Figure 8 A wireless device suitable for use with the present disclosure is shown.

[0029] Figure 9 A vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle to which the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0030] Figure 10 Shown is the radio protocol architecture for sidelink (SL) communication.

[0031] Figure 11 Shows the synchronization source or synchronization reference for vehicle-to-everything (V2X).

[0032] Figure 12 The process of performing V2X or SL communication by a user equipment (UE) according to the transmission mode is shown.

[0033] Figure 13 Three types of delivery in SL communication are shown.

[0034] Figure 14 An exemplary 5G system architecture that enables positioning for a UE connected to a Next Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) or an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) is shown.

[0035] Figure 15 An example of a network implementation for measuring the location of a UE is shown.

[0036] Figure 16 Exemplary protocol layers are shown for supporting Long Term Evolution (LTE) Positioning Protocol (LPP) messaging between a Location Management Function (LMF) and a UE.

[0037] Figure 17 An exemplary protocol layer is shown for supporting NR Positioning Protocol Annex (NRPPa) protocol data unit (PDU) delivery between LMF and NG-RAN nodes.

[0038] Figure 18 is a diagram for explaining an observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA) positioning method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0039] Figure 19 An example of performing a positioning operation based on a dual positioning mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The techniques described herein may be used for various wireless access systems such as code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), and the like. CDMA may be implemented as a radio technology such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA may be implemented as a radio technology such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) / General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) / Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE). OFDMA may be implemented as a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), and the like. IEEE 802.16m is an evolution of IEEE 802.16e, providing backward compatibility with systems based on IEEE 802.16e. UTRA is part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) is part of Evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) that uses Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA). 3GPP LTE uses OFDMA for the downlink (DL) and SC-FDMA for the uplink (UL). LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) is an evolution of 3GPP LTE.

[0041] As more and more communication devices require greater communication capacity, there is an increasing demand for enhanced mobile broadband communication (eMBB) that is an improvement over current radio access technologies (RATs). In addition, large-scale machine-type communication (MTC) that connects numerous devices and objects to provide various services anytime and anywhere is also considered a key issue in next-generation communications. In addition, the design of communication systems that take into account services and / or UEs that are sensitive to reliability and latency is under discussion. The introduction of next-generation RATs such as eMBB, massive MTC, and ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) is under discussion. In this document, for convenience of description, the corresponding technology will be referred to as new radio or new RAT (NR).

[0042] For the sake of clarity, the present disclosure mainly focuses on 3GPP NR, but the technical ideas of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0043] In this specification, the term "setting / setting" can be replaced by the term "configuration", and the two terms can be used interchangeably. Conditional expressions (for example, "if ...", "in the case of ...", or "when ...") can be replaced by "based on ..." or "in the state of ...". In addition, the operation and software / hardware (SW / HW) configuration of the user equipment / base station (UE / BS) can be derived / understood based on satisfying relevant conditions. If the processing of the receiving (or transmitting) side can be derived / understood from the processing of the transmitting (or receiving) side in the signal transmission / reception between wireless communication devices (for example, BS, UE, etc.), its description can be omitted. For example, signal determination / generation / encoding / transmission on the transmitting side can be understood as signal monitoring, reception / decoding / determination on the receiving side. When it is said that the UE performs (or does not perform) a specific operation, it can be interpreted as meaning that the BS expects / assumes (or does not expect / assume) that the UE will perform the specific operation. When it is said that the BS performs (or does not perform) a specific operation, it can be interpreted as meaning that the UE expects / assumes (or does not expect / assume) that the BS will perform the specific operation. In the following description, the classification and indexing of sections, implementations, examples, options, methods, solutions, etc. are merely for convenience of description, and do not imply that each necessarily constitutes an independent disclosure or should be implemented separately. In addition, when describing various sections, implementations, examples, options, methods, solutions, etc., if there is no clear conflict, it can be inferred or understood that at least some sections, implementations, examples, options, methods, solutions, etc. can be implemented in combination or can be omitted in implementation.

[0044] Figure 1 Shows the structure of the NR system.

[0045] Reference Figure 1 , the next generation radio access network (NG-RAN) may include a BS 20 that provides user plane and control plane protocol terminations for the UE 10. For example, the BS 20 may include a next generation Node B (gNB) and / or an evolved Node B (eNB). The UE 10 may have fixed or mobile characteristics. The UE 10 may be referred to by other terms, such as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a subscriber station (SS), a mobile terminal (MT), or a wireless device. For example, the BS 20 may be a fixed station that communicates with the UE 10. The BS 10 may be referred to by other terms, such as a base transceiver system (BTS), an access point, etc.

[0046] Figure 1 An example including only gNBs is shown. BSs 20 may be connected to each other via an Xn interface. BSs 20 may be connected to a 5th Generation Core Network (5GC) via an NG interface. Specifically, BSs 20 may be connected to an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 30 via an NG-C interface and to a User Plane Function (UPF) 30 via an NG-U interface.

[0047] Figure 2 Showing the functional split between NG-RAN and 5GC.

[0048] Reference Figure 2 The gNB provides functions including inter-cell radio resource management (RRM), radio admission control, measurement configuration and provisioning, and dynamic resource allocation. The AMF provides functions such as non-access stratum (NAS) security and idle state mobility processing. The UPF provides functions including mobility anchoring and protocol data unit (PDU) processing. The session management function (SMF) provides functions including UE Internet Protocol (IP) address allocation and PDU session control.

[0049] Based on the lowest three layers of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model known for communication systems, the radio protocol stack between the UE and the network can be divided into Layer 1 (L1), Layer 2 (L2), and Layer 3 (L3). These layers are defined in pairs between the UE and the Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN) for data transmission via the Uu interface. The physical (PHY) layer at L1 provides information transfer services on physical channels. The radio resource control (RRC) layer at L3 is used to control radio resources between the UE and the network. To this end, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the UE and the eNB.

[0050] Figure 3 The radio protocol architecture of the NR system is shown. Specifically, Figure 3 (a) shows the user plane radio protocol architecture, Figure 3 (b) shows the control plane radio protocol architecture. The user plane is a protocol stack for user data transmission, and the control plane is a protocol stack for control signal transmission.

[0051] Reference Figure 3 The PHY layer provides information transfer services to its upper layers on physical channels. The PHY layer is connected to the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer through transport channels and transfers data between the MAC and PHY layers on the transport channels. Transport channels are divided according to the characteristics of the data transmitted via the radio interface.

[0052] Data is transmitted on a physical channel between different PHY layers (ie, the PHY layers of a transmitter and a receiver). The physical channel may be modulated by Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and use time and frequency as radio resources.

[0053] The MAC layer provides services to higher layers (Radio Link Control (RLC)) on logical channels. The MAC layer provides mapping functionality from multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. Furthermore, the MAC layer provides logical channel multiplexing by mapping multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. The MAC sublayer provides data transmission services on logical channels.

[0054] The RLC layer performs concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs). To ensure the various quality of service (QoS) requirements for each radio bearer (RB), the RLC layer provides three operating modes: transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged mode (AM). AM RLC provides error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ).

[0055] The RRC layer is defined only in the control plane and controls logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels with respect to configuration, reconfiguration, and release of RBs. RBs refer to logical paths provided by L1 (PHY layer) and L2 (MAC layer, RLC layer, and Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer) for data transmission between the UE and the network.

[0056] The user plane functions of the PDCP layer include user data transmission, header compression and encryption. The control plane functions of the PDCP layer include control plane data transmission and encryption / integrity protection.

[0057] The Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer is defined only in the user plane. The SDAP layer performs functions such as mapping between QoS flows and data radio bearers and marking QoS flow identifiers (IDs) within DL and UL packets.

[0058] RB establishment is the process of defining radio protocol layers and channel characteristics and configuring specific parameters and operating methods to provide specific services. RBs can be categorized into two types: signaling radio bearers (SRBs) and data radio bearers (DRBs). SRBs are used as a path for transmitting RRC messages on the control plane, while DRBs are used as a path for transmitting user data on the user plane.

[0059] Once an RRC connection is established between the UE's RRC layer and the E-UTRAN's RRC layer, the UE is placed in the RRC_CONNECTED state. Otherwise, the UE is placed in the RRC_IDLE state. In NR, the RRC_INACTIVE state is additionally defined. A UE in the RRC_INACTIVE state can maintain its connection to the core network while releasing its connection to the eNB.

[0060] DL transport channels carrying data from the network to the UE include the broadcast channel (BCH), which transmits system information, and the DL shared channel (DL SCH), which transmits user traffic or control messages. Traffic or control messages for DL ​​multicast or broadcast services can be sent on the DL-SCH or the DL multicast channel (DL MCH). UL transport channels carrying data from the UE to the network include the random access channel (RACH), which transmits initial control messages, and the UL shared channel (UL SCH), which transmits user traffic or control messages.

[0061] Logical channels above and mapped to transport channels include the Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH), the Paging Control Channel (PCCH), the Common Control Channel (CCCH), the Multicast Control Channel (MCCH) and the Multicast Traffic Channel (MTCH).

[0062] A physical channel includes multiple OFDM symbols in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A subframe includes multiple OFDM symbols in the time domain. An RB is a resource allocation unit defined by multiple OFDM symbols and multiple subcarriers. In addition, each subframe can use specific subcarriers of a specific OFDM symbol (e.g., the first OFDM symbol) in the corresponding subframe for the physical DL control channel (PDCCH) (i.e., L1 / L2 control channel). The transmission time interval (TTI) is the unit time used for subframe transmission.

[0063] Figure 4 The radio frame structure in the NR system is shown.

[0064] Reference Figure 4 , a radio frame can be used for UL transmission and DL transmission in NR. The length of a radio frame is 10ms and can be defined by two 5ms half-frames. HF may include five 1ms subframes. A subframe may be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots in SF may be determined according to the subcarrier spacing (SCS). Depending on the cyclic prefix (CP), each slot may include 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols. In the case of normal CP (NCP), each slot may include 14 symbols, and in the case of extended CP (ECP), each slot may include 12 symbols.

[0065] Table 1 below lists the number of symbols per time slot (N) according to the SCS configuration μ in the case of NCP. slot symb ), the number of time slots per frame (N frame,u slot ) and the number of time slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot ).

[0066] [Table 1]

[0067] u <![CDATA[N slot symb ]]> <![CDATA[N frame,u slot ]]> <![CDATA[N subframe,u slot ]]> 0 14 10 1 1 14 20 2 2 14 40 4 3 14 80 8 4 14 160 16

[0068] Table 2 below lists the number of symbols per slot (N) according to SCS in the case of ECP. slot symb ), the number of time slots per frame (N frame,u slot ) and the number of time slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot ).

[0069] [Table 2]

[0070] u <![CDATA[N slot symb ]]> <![CDATA[N frame,u slot ]]> <![CDATA[N subframe,u slot ]]> 2 12 40 4

[0071] The structure of the frame is only an example. The number of subframes, the number of time slots, and the number of symbols in a frame may vary.

[0072] In an NR system, OFDM parameter sets (e.g., SCSs) may be configured differently for multiple cells aggregated for one UE. Therefore, the (absolute time) duration of a time resource (e.g., SF, time slot, or TTI) consisting of the same number of symbols (referred to as a time unit (TU) for simplicity) may be configured differently between the aggregated cells. Symbols may include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols) and SC-FDMA symbols (or Discrete Fourier Transform-Spread-OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols).

[0073] Figure 5 A resource grid showing a time slot in an NR system.

[0074] Reference Figure 5 , a time slot includes multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, a time slot may include 14 symbols in the NCP case and 12 symbols in the ECP case. Alternatively, a time slot may include 7 symbols in the NCP case and 6 symbols in the ECP case. A carrier includes multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. An RB may be defined by multiple (e.g., 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A bandwidth part (BWP) may be defined by multiple consecutive (physical) RBs ((P)RBs) in the frequency domain and corresponds to a parameter set (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier may include up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication may be performed in an enabled BWP. Only one BWP may be enabled for a UE. Each element may be referred to as a resource element (RE) in a resource grid to which one complex symbol may be mapped.

[0075] Figure 6 An example of a communication system 1 to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0076] Reference Figure 6The communication system 1 includes wireless devices, base stations (BSs), and networks. A wireless device refers to a device that communicates using a radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G New RAT (NR) or Long Term Evolution (LTE)) and may be referred to as a communication / radio / 5G device. Wireless devices may include, but are not limited to, a robot 100a, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2, an extended reality (XR) device 100c, a handheld device 100d, a home appliance 100e, an Internet of Things (IoT) device 100f, and an artificial intelligence (AI) device / server 400. For example, vehicles may include vehicles with wireless communication capabilities, autonomous vehicles, and vehicles capable of inter-vehicle communication. Vehicles may include unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) (e.g., drones). XR devices may include augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) / mixed reality (MR) devices and may be implemented in the form of head-mounted devices (HMDs), vehicle-mounted heads-up displays (HUDs), televisions, smartphones, computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital signage, vehicles, robots, and the like. Handheld devices may include smartphones, smart tablets, wearable devices (e.g., smart watches or smart glasses), and computers (e.g., notebooks). Home appliances may include TVs, refrigerators, and washing machines. IoT devices may include sensors and smart meters.

[0077] Wireless devices 100a to 100f can be connected to network 300 via BS 200. AI technology can be applied to wireless devices 100a to 100f, and wireless devices 100a to 100f can be connected to AI server 400 via network 300. Network 300 can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. Although wireless devices 100a to 100f can communicate with each other via BS 200 / network 300, wireless devices 100a to 100f can perform direct communication (e.g., sidelink communication) with each other without going through the BS / network. For example, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 can perform direct communication (e.g., V2V / V2X communication). IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0078] Wireless communication / connection 150a, 150b, or 150c may be established between wireless devices 100a to 100f / BS 200 or BS 200 / BS 200. Here, wireless communication / connection may be established via various RATs (e.g., 5G NR), such as UL / DL communication 150a, sidelink communication 150b (or D2D communication), or inter-BS communication (e.g., relay, integrated access backhaul (IAB)). The wireless device and the BS / wireless device may transmit / receive radio signals to / from each other via the wireless communication / connection 150a and 150b. For example, the wireless communication / connection 150a and 150b may transmit / receive signals via various physical channels. To this end, at least a portion of various configuration information for configuring processes for transmitting / receiving radio signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel coding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, and resource mapping / demapping), and resource allocation processes may be performed based on various proposals of the present disclosure.

[0079] Figure 7 A wireless device suitable for use with the present disclosure is shown.

[0080] Reference Figure 7 , the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200 can transmit radio signals through various RATs (e.g., LTE and NR). Herein, {the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200} may correspond to Figure 6 {wireless device 100x and BS 200} and / or {wireless device 100x and wireless device 100x}.

[0081] The first wireless device 100 may include one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104, and may further include one or more transceivers 106 and / or one or more antennas 108. The processor 102 may control the memory 104 and / or the transceiver 106 and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor 102 may process information within the memory 104 to generate first information / signals, and then transmit a radio signal including the first information / signals through the transceiver 106. The processor 102 may receive a radio signal including second information / signals through the transceiver 106, and then store information obtained by processing the second information / signals in the memory 104. The memory 104 may be connected to the processor 102 and may store various information related to the operation of the processor 102. For example, the memory 104 may store software code including commands for executing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor 102 or for executing the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. Herein, the processor 102 and the memory 104 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver 106 may be connected to the processor 102 and transmit and / or receive radio signals via one or more antennas 108. Each transceiver 106 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 106 may be used interchangeably with a radio frequency (RF) unit. In this disclosure, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0082] The second wireless device 200 may include one or more processors 202 and one or more memories 204, and may also include one or more transceivers 206 and / or one or more antennas 208. The processor 202 may control the memory 204 and / or the transceiver 206 and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor 202 may process information within the memory 204 to generate third information / signals, and then transmit a radio signal including the third information / signals through the transceiver 206. The processor 202 may receive a radio signal including fourth information / signals through the transceiver 206, and then store information obtained by processing the fourth information / signals in the memory 204. The memory 204 may be connected to the processor 202 and may store various information related to the operation of the processor 202. For example, the memory 204 may store software code including commands for executing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor 202 or for executing the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. Herein, the processor 202 and the memory 204 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver 206 may be connected to the processor 202 and transmit and / or receive radio signals via one or more antennas 208. Each transceiver 206 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 206 may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In this disclosure, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0083] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless devices 100 and 200 will be described in more detail. One or more protocol layers may be implemented by (but not limited to) one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, and SDAP). One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate one or more protocol data units (PDUs) and / or one or more service data units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may generate a signal (e.g., a baseband signal) including a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document, and provide the generated signal to the one or more transceivers 106 and 206. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may receive a signal (e.g., a baseband signal) from one or more transceivers 106 and 206 and obtain the PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document.

[0084] One or more processors 102 and 202 may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. One or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. As an example, one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be configured to include modules, processes, or functions. Firmware or software configured to execute the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be included in one or more processors 102 and 202 or stored in one or more memories 104 and 204 to be driven by one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operational flow charts disclosed in this document may be implemented in the form of codes, commands and / or command sets using firmware or software.

[0085] One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 and store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be configured by read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, hard drive, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be located internally and / or externally to one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0086] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the methods and / or operational flowcharts of this document to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 and transmit and receive radio signals. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 may execute control so that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other devices. One or more processors 102 and 202 may execute control so that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more antennas 108 and 208, and one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flow charts disclosed in this document through one or more antennas 108 and 208. In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert received radio signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals so that the received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. may be processed using one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. processed using one or more processors 102 and 202 from baseband signals to RF band signals. To this end, one or more of the transceivers 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0087] Figure 8 Another example of a wireless device that can perform implementations of the present disclosure is shown. The wireless device can be configured to perform implementations of the present disclosure according to the usage scenario / service (see Figure 6 ) are implemented in various forms.

[0088] Reference Figure 8 , the wireless devices 100 and 200 may correspond to Figure 7The wireless devices 100 and 200 may be configured by various elements, components, units / parts and / or modules. For example, each of the wireless devices 100 and 200 may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130 and an additional component 140. The communication unit may include a communication circuit 112 and a transceiver 114. For example, the communication circuit 112 may include Figure 7 One or more processors 102 and 202 and / or Figure 7 One or more memories 104 and 204. For example, the transceiver 114 may include Figure 7 One or more transceivers 106 and 206 and / or Figure 7 The control unit 120 is electrically connected to the communication unit 110, the memory unit 130, and the additional components 140, and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit 120 may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 may transmit information stored in the memory unit 130 to the outside (e.g., other communication devices) via the communication unit 110 via a wireless / wired interface, or store information received from the outside (e.g., other communication devices) via the communication unit 110 via a wireless / wired interface in the memory unit 130.

[0089] The additional components 140 may be configured differently depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the additional components 140 may include at least one of a power supply unit / battery, an input / output (I / O) unit (e.g., an audio I / O port, a video I / O port), a drive unit, and a computing unit. The wireless device may be configured in a manner such as, but not limited to, a robot ( Figure 6 100a), vehicles ( Figure 6 100b-1 and 100b-2), XR devices ( Figure 6 100c), handheld device ( Figure 6 100d), household appliances ( Figure 6 100e), IoT devices ( Figure 6 100f), digital broadcasting terminal, holographic device, public safety device, MTC device, medical device, fintech device (or financial device), security device, climate / environmental device, AI server / device ( Figure 6 400), BS( Figure 6 200), network nodes, etc. The wireless device can be used in a mobile or fixed location depending on the use case / service.

[0090] exist Figure 8In the wireless devices 100 and 200, the various elements, components, units / portions, and / or modules may all be connected to each other via a wired interface, or at least a portion thereof may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit 110. For example, in each of the wireless devices 100 and 200, the control unit 120 and the communication unit 110 may be wired, and the control unit 120 and the first unit (e.g., 130 and 140) may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit 110. The various elements, components, units / portions, and / or modules within the wireless devices 100 and 200 may also include one or more elements. For example, the control unit 120 may be configured by a collection of one or more processors. As an example, the control unit 120 may be configured by a collection of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing unit, and a memory control processor. As another example, the memory unit 130 may be configured by a random access memory (RAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0091] Figure 9 A vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle applicable to the present disclosure is shown. The vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle can be implemented by a mobile robot, a car, a train, a manned / unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, etc.

[0092] Reference Figure 9 , the vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle 100 may include an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a drive unit 140a, a power supply unit 140b, a sensor unit 140c, and an autonomous driving unit 140d. The antenna unit 108 may be configured as a part of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110 / 130 / 140a to 140d correspond to Figure 8 Blocks 110 / 130 / 140.

[0093] The communication unit 110 can send and receive signals (e.g., data and control signals) to and from external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (e.g., gNBs and roadside units), and servers. The control unit 120 can perform various operations by controlling components of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100. The control unit 120 may include an electronic control unit (ECU). The drive unit 140a can enable the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 to travel on a road. The drive unit 140a may include an engine, a motor, a power system, wheels, brakes, a steering system, etc. The power supply unit 140b can supply power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 and may include wired / wireless charging circuits, a battery, etc. The sensor unit 140c can acquire vehicle status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit 140 c may include an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, a slope sensor, a weight sensor, a heading sensor, a location module, a vehicle forward / backward sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a depth sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a lighting sensor, a pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit 140 d may implement a technology for maintaining a lane in which the vehicle is traveling, a technology for automatically adjusting the speed (e.g., adaptive cruise control), a technology for autonomously traveling along a determined path, a technology for traveling by automatically setting a path if a destination is set, etc.

[0094] For example, the communication unit 110 may receive map data, traffic information data, and the like from an external server. The autonomous driving unit 140d may generate an autonomous driving path and driving plan based on the obtained data. The control unit 120 may control the drive unit 140a so that the vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle 100 moves along the autonomous driving path according to the driving plan (e.g., speed / direction control). During autonomous driving, the communication unit 110 may aperiodically or periodically obtain recent traffic information data from the external server and obtain surrounding traffic information data from neighboring vehicles. During autonomous driving, the sensor unit 140c may obtain vehicle status and / or surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit 140d may update the autonomous driving path and driving plan based on the newly obtained data / information. The communication unit 110 may transmit information regarding the vehicle's location, autonomous driving path, and / or driving plan to the external server. The external server may predict traffic information data based on information collected from the vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle using AI technology, etc., and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle.

[0095] Now, V2X or SL communication will be described.

[0096] Figure 10 The radio protocol architecture for SL communication is shown. Specifically, Figure 10(a) shows the user plane protocol stack in NR, Figure 10 (b) shows the control plane protocol stack in NR.

[0097] Hereinafter, a side link synchronization signal (SLSS) and synchronization information will be described.

[0098] As SL specific sequences, the SLSS may include a primary sidelink synchronization signal (PSSS) and a secondary sidelink synchronization signal (SSSS). The PSSS may be referred to as a sidelink primary synchronization signal (S-PSS), and the SSSS may be referred to as a sidelink secondary synchronization signal (S-SSS). For example, an M sequence of length 127 may be used for the S-PSS, and a gold sequence of length 127 may be used for the S-SSS. For example, the UE may use the S-PSS to detect the initial signal and acquire synchronization. In addition, the UE may use the S-PSS and S-SSS to acquire detailed synchronization and detect the synchronization signal ID.

[0099] The physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) may be a (broadcast) channel for transmitting default (system) information that the UE needs to know before transmitting and receiving SL signals. For example, the default information may include information related to SLSS, duplex mode (DM), time division duplex (TDD) UL / DL configuration, information related to resource pools, application types related to SLSS, subframe offsets, broadcast information, etc. For example, to evaluate the PSBCH performance in NR V2X, the PSBCH payload size may be 56 bits, including a 24-bit CRC.

[0100] S-PSS, S-SSS and PSBCH may be included in a block format (e.g., SL synchronization signal (SS) / PSBCH block) that supports periodic transmission (hereinafter, SL SS / PSBCH block is referred to as sidelink synchronization signal block (S-SSB)). The S-SSB may have the same parameter set (i.e., SCS and CP length) as the physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) / physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) on the carrier, and the transmission bandwidth may exist within the configured (or pre-configured) SL BWP. For example, the S-SSB may have a bandwidth of 11 RBs. For example, the PSBCH may span 11 RBs. In addition, the frequency position of the S-SSB may be (pre-)configured. Therefore, the UE does not need to perform hypothesis detection on the frequency to discover the S-SSB in the carrier.

[0101] Hereinafter, synchronization acquisition of SL UE will be described.

[0102] Accurate time and frequency synchronization is crucial in both TDMA and FDMA systems. Inaccurate time and frequency synchronization can degrade system performance due to inter-symbol interference (ISI) and inter-carrier interference (ICI) between symbols and subcarriers. This also applies to V2X. In V2X, SLSS can be used at the physical layer for time / frequency synchronization, while the Master Information Block-Sidelink-V2X (MIB-SL-V2X) can be used at the radio link control (RLC) layer.

[0103] Figure 11 Shows the synchronization source or synchronization reference of V2X.

[0104] Reference Figure 11 In V2X, the UE can synchronize directly with the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). Alternatively, the UE can synchronize indirectly with the GNSS through another UE (within or outside the network coverage). If the GNSS is configured as the synchronization source, the UE can calculate the Direct Frame Number (DFN) and subframe number using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and a (pre-)configured DFN offset.

[0105] Alternatively, the UE may synchronize directly with the BS, or may synchronize with another UE that is synchronized with the BS in time / frequency. For example, the BS may be an eNB or gNB. For example, when the UE is within network coverage, the UE may receive synchronization information provided by the BS and may synchronize directly with the BS. The UE may then provide synchronization information to another neighboring UE. If the timing of the BS is configured as a synchronization reference, the UE may follow the cell associated with the corresponding frequency (when the UE is within the cell coverage on the frequency) or the primary cell or serving cell (when the UE is out of the cell coverage on the frequency) for synchronization and DL measurements.

[0106] A base station (e.g., a serving cell) may provide a synchronization configuration for a carrier used for V2X / SL communication. In this case, the UE may follow the synchronization configuration received from the base station. If the UE fails to detect any cell in the carrier used for V2X / SL communication and fails to receive a synchronization configuration from the serving cell, the UE may follow a preset synchronization configuration.

[0107] Alternatively, the UE may synchronize with another UE that fails to obtain synchronization information directly or indirectly from the BS or GNSS. The synchronization source and preference may be pre-configured for the UE. Alternatively, the synchronization source and preference may be configured via a control message provided by the BS.

[0108] It may be (pre-)configured whether GNSS based synchronization or BS based synchronization is used.In single carrier operation, the UE may derive its transmission timing from the available synchronization reference with the highest priority.

[0109] For example, the UE may select (or reselect) a synchronization reference and obtain synchronization from the synchronization reference. In addition, the UE may perform SL communication (e.g., PSCCH / PSSCH transmission and reception, physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH) transmission and reception, S-SSB transmission and reception, reference signal transmission and reception, etc.) based on the acquired synchronization.

[0110] Figure 12 The process of a UE performing V2X or SL communication according to the transmission mode is shown. In various embodiments of the present disclosure, the transmission mode may be referred to as a mode or a resource allocation mode. For the convenience of the following description, the transmission mode in LTE may be referred to as the LTE transmission mode, and the transmission mode in NR may be referred to as the NR resource allocation mode.

[0111] For example, Figure 12 (a) shows UE operations related to LTE transmission mode 1 or LTE transmission mode 3. Alternatively, for example, Figure 12 (a) shows UE operations related to NR resource allocation mode 1. For example, LTE transmission mode 1 can be applied to general SL communication, and LTE transmission mode 3 can be applied to V2X communication.

[0112] For example, Figure 12 (b) shows UE operation related to LTE transmission mode 2 or LTE transmission mode 4. Alternatively, for example, Figure 12 (b) shows UE operations related to NR resource allocation mode 2.

[0113] Reference Figure 12 (a) In LTE transmission mode 1, LTE transmission mode 3, or NR resource allocation mode 1, the BS may schedule SL resources to be used for SL transmission of the UE. For example, in step S8000, the BS may send information related to SL resources and / or information related to UE resources to the first UE. For example, the UL resources may include PUCCH resources and / or PUSCH resources. For example, the UL resources may be resources for reporting SL HARQ feedback to the BS.

[0114] For example, the first UE may receive information related to dynamic grant (DG) resources and / or information related to configuration grant (CG) resources from the BS. For example, the CG resources may include CG type 1 resources or CG type 2 resources. In the present specification, the DG resources may be resources that the BS configures / allocates to the first UE via downlink control information (DCI). In the present specification, the CG resources may be (periodic) resources that the BS configures / allocates to the first UE via DCI and / or RRC messages. For example, in the case of CG type 1 resources, the BS may send an RRC message including information related to the CG resources to the first UE. For example, in the case of CG type 2 resources, the BS may send an RRC message including information related to the CG resources to the first UE, and the BS may send a DCI related to the activation or release of the CG resources to the first UE.

[0115] In step S8010, the first UE may send a PSCCH (e.g., sidelink control information (SCI) or level 1 SCI) to the second UE based on resource scheduling. In step S8020, the first UE may send a PSSCH related to the PSCCH (e.g., level 2 SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) to the second UE. In step S8030, the first UE may receive a PSFCH related to the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second UE. For example, HARQ feedback information (e.g., negative acknowledgement (NACK) information or acknowledgement (ACK) information) may be received from the second UE via the PSFCH. In step S8040, the first UE may send / report the HARQ feedback information to the BS via the PUCCH or PUSCH. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the BS may include information generated by the first UE based on the HARQ feedback information received from the second UE. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the BS may include information generated by the first UE based on a preset rule. For example, the DCI may be a DCI for scheduling SL. For example, the format of the DCI may include DCI format 3_0 or DCI format 3_1.

[0116] Reference Figure 12(b), in LTE transmission mode 2, LTE transmission mode 4 or NR resource allocation mode 2, the UE may determine the SL transmission resources within the SL resources configured by the BS / network or the pre-configured SL resources. For example, the configured SL resources or the pre-configured SL resources may be a resource pool. For example, the UE may autonomously select or schedule resources for SL transmission. For example, the UE may perform SL communication by selecting resources by itself within the configured resource pool. For example, the UE may perform a sensing and resource selection (reselection) process to select resources by itself within the selection window. For example, sensing may be performed in units of subchannels. For example, in step S8010, the first UE that has self-selected resources in the resource pool may use the resources to send a PSCCH (e.g., sidelink control information (SCI) or level 1 SCI) to the second UE. In step S8020, the first UE may send a PSSCH related to the PSCCH (e.g., level 2 SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) to the second UE. In step S8030, the first UE may receive a PSFCH related to the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second UE.

[0117] Reference Figure 12 (a) or Figure 12 (b), for example, the first UE may send SCI to the second UE on the PSCCH. Alternatively, for example, the first UE may send two consecutive SCIs (e.g., two-level SCI) to the second UE on the PSCCH and / or PSSCH. In this case, the second UE may decode the two consecutive SCIs (e.g., two-level SCI) to receive the PSSCH from the first UE. In this specification, the SCI sent on the PSCCH may be referred to as the first SCI, the first-level SCI, or the first-level SCI format, and the SCI sent on the PSSCH may be referred to as the second SCI, the second SCI, or the second-level SCI format. For example, the first-level SCI format may include SCI format 1-A, and the second-level SCI format may include SCI format 2-A and / or SCI format 2-B.

[0118] Reference Figure 12 (a) or Figure 12 (b), in step S8030, the first UE may receive a PSFCH. For example, the first UE and the second UE may determine a PSFCH resource, and the second UE may send HARQ feedback to the first UE on the PSFCH resource.

[0119] Reference Figure 12 (a), in step S8040, the first UE may send SLHARQ feedback to the BS via PUCCH and / or PUSCH.

[0120] Figure 13 Three types of delivery in SL communication are shown.

[0121] Specifically, Figure 13 (a) shows broadcast type SL communication, Figure 13 (b) shows unicast type SL communication, Figure 13 (c) shows multicast SL communication. In the case of unicast SL communication, the UE can perform one-to-one communication with other UEs. In the case of multicast SL communication, the UE can perform SL communication with one or more UEs in the group to which the UE belongs. In various embodiments of the present disclosure, SL groupcast communication can be replaced by SL multicast communication, SL one-to-many communication, etc.

[0122] The following describes a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process.

[0123] For example, SL HARQ feedback may be enabled for unicast. In this case, in non-code block group (non-CBG) operation, when a receiving UE decodes a PSCCH directed to it and successfully decodes a transport block (TB) associated with the PSCCH, the receiving UE may generate a HARQ-ACK. The receiving UE may send a HARQ-ACK to the transmitting UE. Conversely, when a receiving UE fails to decode a TB associated with the PSCCH after decoding the PSCCH directed to it, the receiving UE may generate a HARQ-NACK. The receiving UE may send a HARQ-NACK to the transmitting UE.

[0124] For example, SL HARQ feedback may be enabled for multicast.For example, in non-CBG operation, two HARQ feedback options may be supported for multicast.

[0125] (1) Multicast Option 1: When a receiving UE fails to decode the TB associated with the PSCCH directed to it after decoding the PSCCH, the receiving UE may send a HARQ-NACK to the transmitting UE via the PSFCH. Conversely, when the receiving UE decodes the PSCCH directed to it and successfully decodes the TB associated with the PSCCH, the receiving UE may not send a HARQ-ACK to the transmitting UE.

[0126] (2) Multicast Option 2: When a receiving UE fails to decode the TB associated with the PSCCH directed to it after decoding the PSCCH, the receiving UE may send a HARQ-NACK to the transmitting UE via the PSFCH. Conversely, when the receiving UE decodes the PSCCH directed to it and successfully decodes the TB associated with the PSCCH, the receiving UE may send a HARQ-ACK to the transmitting UE via the PSFCH.

[0127] For example, when multicast option 1 is used for SL HARQ feedback, all UEs performing multicast communication may share PSFCH resources. For example, UEs belonging to the same group may use the same PSFCH resources to send HARQ feedback.

[0128] For example, when multicast option 2 is used for SL HARQ feedback, each UE performing multicast communication may use different PSFCH resources for HARQ feedback transmission. For example, UEs belonging to the same group may use different PSFCH resources to send HARQ feedback.

[0129] In the present disclosure, HARQ-ACK may be referred to as ACK, ACK information, or positive ACK information, and HARQ-NACK may be referred to as NACK, NACK information, or negative ACK information.

[0130] <Position>

[0131] Figure 14 An exemplary 5G system architecture enabling positioning for UEs connected to NG-RAN or E-UTRAN is shown.

[0132] Reference Figure 14 , the AMF may receive a request for location services related to a specific target UE from other entities such as the Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC). Alternatively, the AMF may autonomously determine to initiate location services on behalf of the specific target UE. Thereafter, the AMF may send a location service request to the Location Management Function (LMF). Upon receiving the location service request, the LMF may process the location service request and return a processing result including the estimated UE location to the AMF. When the LMF receives a location service request from another entity other than the AMF (e.g., GMLC), the AMF may forward the processing result received from the LMF to the other entity.

[0133] Next-generation evolved Node Bs (ng-eNBs) and gNBs are NG-RAN network elements that can provide measurement results for position estimation. The ng-eNBs and gNBs measure radio signals for target UEs and send the results to the LMF. Additionally, the ng-eNBs can control specific transmission points (TPs), such as remote radio heads or Positioning Reference Signal-dedicated (PRS-dedicated) TPs for E-UTRA, which support PRS-based beacon systems.

[0134] The LMF is connected to the Enhanced Serving Mobile Location Center (E-SMLC), which enables the LMF to access the E-UTRAN. For example, the E-SMLC enables the LMF to use DL measurements obtained by the target UE through signals sent by eNBs and / or PRS-only TPs in the E-UTRAN to support Observed Time Difference of Arrival (OTDOA), one of the positioning methods of the E-UTRAN.

[0135] The LMF may connect to the SUPL Location Platform (SLP). The LMF may support and manage different location services for the target UE. The LMF may interact with the serving ng-eNB or serving gNB for the target UE to obtain the UE's location measurement. For positioning of the target UE, the LMF may determine the positioning methods based on the Location Service (LCS) client type, the required Quality of Service (QoS), the UE positioning capabilities, the gNB positioning capabilities, and the ng-eNB positioning capabilities, and then apply these positioning methods to the serving gNB and / or serving ng-eNB. The LMF may determine additional information such as the accuracy of the position estimate and the velocity of the target UE. The SLP is the Secure User Plane Location (SUPL) entity responsible for positioning via the user plane.

[0136] The UE can measure DL signals through various sources such as NG-RAN and E-UTRAN, different global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), terrestrial beacon systems (TBS), WLAN wireless local area network (WLAN) access points, Bluetooth beacons, and UE atmospheric pressure sensors. The UE may include an LCS application, or the UE may be connected to an LCS application through communication with a connected network or through other applications integrated into the UE. The LCS application may include the measurement and calculation functions required to determine the UE's position. For example, the UE may include independent positioning capabilities such as the Global Positioning System (GPS), so that the UE can report its position independently of NG-RAN transmissions. Independently acquired location information can also be used as supplementary information to the positioning information obtained from the network.

[0137] Figure 15 An example of a network implementation for measuring the UE position is shown.

[0138] When the UE is in the Connection Management Idle (CM-IDLE) state, if the AMF receives a location service request, the AMF may establish a signaling connection with the UE and request the network to trigger the service assignment of a specific serving gNB or ng-eNB. Figure 15 The above operation process is not shown in FIG. Figure 15 In the case of a positioning process, the UE may be assumed to be in connected mode. However, while the positioning process is in progress, the NG-RAN may release the signaling connection due to signaling and data inactivity.

[0139] Reference Figure 15 , the network operation process for measuring the UE's location will be described in detail. In step 1a, a 5GC entity such as the GMLC may send a location service request to the serving AMF to measure the target UE's location. However, even if the GMLC does not request location services, the serving AMF may determine in step 1b that location services are required to measure the target UE's location. For example, the serving AMF may autonomously determine to provide location services to measure the UE's location for an emergency call.

[0140] Thereafter, in step 2, the AMF forwards the location service request to the LMF. In step 3a, the LMF may initiate a location procedure with the serving ng-eNB and the serving gNB to obtain positioning data or positioning assistance data. Additionally, in step 3b, the LMF may initiate a location procedure with the UE for DL ​​positioning. For example, the LMF may send location assistance data (e.g., assistance data defined in 3GPP TS 36.355) to the UE or obtain a position estimate or position measurement. Step 3b may be performed in addition to step 3a, or may be performed instead of step 3a.

[0141] In step 4, the LMF may provide a location service response to the AMF. The location service response may include information on whether the UE location is successfully estimated and the estimated UE location. Figure 15 If the location service response is initiated through step 1b, the AMF may forward the location service response to the 5GC entity (e.g., GMLC). Figure 15 process, the AMF can use the location service response to provide location services related to emergency calls, etc.

[0142] Figure 16 Exemplary protocol layers for supporting LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) messaging between an LMF and a UE are shown.

[0143] LPP PDUs can be sent in NAS PDUs between AMF and UE. Figure 16 LPP can terminate between a target device (e.g., a UE in the control plane or a SUPL Enabled Terminal (SET) in the user plane) and a location server (e.g., a LMF in the control plane or a SUPL Location Platform (SLP) in the user plane). LPP messages can be transmitted in a transparent PDU format over intermediate network interfaces using appropriate protocols, such as the Next Generation Application Protocol (NGAP) via the Next Generation Control Plane (NG-C) interface, NAS / RRC via the LTE-Uu and NR-Uu interfaces. LPP enables both NR and LTE positioning by employing various positioning methods.

[0144] For example, the target device and the location server may exchange capability information, assistance data for positioning, and / or location information between them via LPP. The target device and the location server may exchange error information and / or indicate termination of the LPP process via LPP messages.

[0145] Figure 17 An exemplary protocol layer is shown for supporting NR Positioning Protocol Appendix (NRPPa) PDU delivery between LMF and NG-RAN nodes.

[0146] NRPPa can be used for information exchange between NG-RAN nodes and LMFs. Specifically, NRPPa can exchange enhanced cell IDs (E-CIDs) for measurement, data supporting OTDOA positioning methods, and cell IDs and cell location IDs for NR cell ID positioning methods, which are sent from ng-eNBs to LMFs. Even if there is no information about the relevant NRPPa transactions, the AMF can route NRPPa PDUs based on the routing IDs of the involved LMFs via the NG-C interface.

[0147] The NRPPa procedures for location and data collection can be divided into two types. The first type is a UE-related procedure, which involves the transmission of information about a specific UE (e.g., location measurement data). The second type is a non-UE-related procedure, which involves the transmission of information applicable to the NG-RAN node and related TPs (e.g., gNB / ng-eNB / TP timing information). These two types of procedures can be supported independently or simultaneously.

[0148] <Positioning method>

[0149] NG-RAN may support the following positioning methods: GNSS, OTDOA, E-CID, air pressure sensor positioning, WLAN positioning, Bluetooth positioning, TBS, uplink time difference of arrival (UTDOA), etc. Although any one of these positioning methods may be used for UE positioning, two or more positioning methods may be used for UE positioning.

[0150] (1) Observed Time Difference of Arrival (OTDOA)

[0151] Figure 18 is a diagram for explaining an OTDOA positioning method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0152] The OTDOA positioning method uses the time measured by the UE for downlink signals received from multiple TPs, including eNBs, ng-eNBs, and PRS-only TPs. The UE uses location assistance data received from a location server to measure the time of the received downlink signals. The UE's location can be determined based on these measurements and the geographic coordinates of neighboring TPs.

[0153] A UE connected to a gNB may request measurement gaps from a TP to perform OTDOA measurements. If the UE does not know the SFN of at least one TP in the OTDOA assistance data, the UE may use autonomous gaps to obtain the SFN of the OTDOA reference cell before requesting measurement gaps for performing reference signal time difference (RSTD) measurements.

[0154] Here, RSTD can be defined as the minimum relative time difference between two subframe boundaries received from the reference cell and the measurement cell. That is, RSTD can be calculated as the relative time difference between the start time of the subframe received from the measurement cell and the start time of the subframe from the reference cell that is closest to the subframe received from the measurement cell. The reference cell can be selected by the UE.

[0155] For accurate OTDOA measurement, it is necessary to measure the time of arrival (ToA) of signals received from three or more geographically distributed TPs or BSs. For example, the ToA of each of TP 1, TP 2, and TP 3 can be measured, and based on the three ToA values, the RSTD of TP 1 and TP 2, the RSTD of TP 2 and TP 3, and the RSTD of TP 3 and TP 1 can be calculated. A geometric hyperbola is determined based on the calculated RSTD values, and the point where the hyperbola intersects can be estimated as the position of the UE. In this case, the accuracy and / or uncertainty of each ToA measurement may occur, and based on the measurement uncertainty, the estimated position of the UE can be referred to as a specific range.

[0156] (2) E-CID (Enhanced Cell ID)

[0157] In the Cell ID (CID) positioning method, the UE's location can be measured based on the geographic information of the UE's serving ng-eNB, serving gNB, and / or serving cell. For example, the geographic information of the serving ng-eNB, serving gNB, and / or serving cell can be obtained through paging, registration, etc.

[0158] In addition to the CID positioning method, the E-CID positioning method can also use additional UE measurements and / or NG-RAN radio resources to improve the UE position estimate. Although the E-CID positioning method can partially utilize the same measurement methods as the measurement control system on the RRC protocol, additional measurements are generally not performed solely for UE position measurement. In other words, no additional measurement configuration or measurement control message is provided for UE position measurement. The UE is not expected to request additional measurement operations solely for position measurement, and the UE can report measurement values ​​obtained using methods that can be measured normally.

[0159] (3) Uplink Time Difference of Arrival (UTDOA)

[0160] UTDOA is a method for determining the UE location by estimating the time of arrival of the sounding reference signal (SRS). When calculating the estimated time of arrival of the SRS, the serving cell can be used as a reference cell to estimate the UE location based on the time difference of arrival relative to another cell (or BS / TP). To implement UTDOA, the E-SMLC can indicate the serving cell of the target UE and then instruct the target UE to perform SRS transmission. Additionally, the E-SMLC can provide the following configurations: periodic / aperiodic SRS, bandwidth, and frequency / group / sequence hopping.

[0161] <SL positioning>

[0162] NR positioning discussed in 3GPP NR Release 17 only supports network-based Uu positioning and does not support positioning using SL communication. However, SL positioning is planned to be supported in 3GPP NR Release 18.

[0163] Uu positioning is a traditional method for position estimation under the connection between the target UE and the BS (gNB / LMF), but SL positioning is a new method for position estimation based on the connection between the target UE and one or more anchor UE.

[0164] To determine the anchor UE in SL positioning, the following processes are currently being discussed.

[0165] 1) Through the discovery search process, the target UE exchanges UE capability information with the surrounding UEs (hereinafter referred to as candidate UEs) capable of SL communication via SL communication. In this case, basic information such as whether the discovered UE supports SL positioning is exchanged. The anchor UE is determined only when the corresponding UE supports SL positioning.

[0166] 2) After exchanging the basic information, the target UE and the candidate UE determine the final anchor UE through negotiation. When negotiating for SL positioning, the anchor UE can be determined only if the request to act as the anchor UE during the negotiation process is not rejected.

[0167] 3) Additionally, the anchor UE provides the target UE with information on whether the anchor UE can determine its location. The anchor UE can perform absolute positioning only when the anchor UE already knows its location or when the anchor UE can measure its location based on Uu positioning.

[0168] <The first embodiment>

[0169] In positioning, the location server (i.e., the server UE or LMF) is responsible for position calculation. Determining which entity between the UE and the LMF performs position calculation is equivalent to determining the positioning mode. The process of determining the positioning mode is as follows.

[0170] 1) The UE informs the LTE Positioning Protocol (LMF) of its capabilities for the supported positioning modes in various positioning methods. Positioning modes include independent positioning mode, UE-based positioning mode, and UE-assisted positioning mode.

[0171] In the LPP structure, the capabilities for positioning modes are defined as a bit string, and all supported positioning modes are indicated to the LMF.

[0172] 2)LMF sends UE-based positioning information in NR-PositionCalculationAssistance of the auxiliary data according to the UE's request.

[0173] In addition, the LMF requests the UE to perform a positioning operation by selecting one of the UE-based positioning mode and the UE-assisted positioning mode in LocationInformationType based on the UE capabilities and assistance data. Since LocationInformationType is defined in the ENUMERATED form in the LPP structure, one of the following four options is selected.

[0174] a) locationEstimateRequired—means UE-based positioning mode.

[0175] b) locationMeasurementsRequired - means UE-assisted positioning mode.

[0176] c) locationEstimatePreferred - means UE-based positioning mode, but if not possible, switch to UE-assisted positioning mode.

[0177] d) locationMeasurementsPreferred - means UE-assisted positioning mode, but if not possible, switch to UE-based positioning mode.

[0178] In sidelink positioning, UE-based positioning or UE-assisted positioning modes can be performed in the same manner as Uu positioning. In UE-based positioning, the UE is responsible for position calculation, while in UE-assisted positioning, the LMF is responsible for position calculation. Due to the difference in processing power between the two, they can have different position calculation performance.

[0179] In terms of performance, LMF outperforms the UE, allowing for more accurate location calculations. On the other hand, when the UE is responsible for location calculations, it does not need to send PRS measurement reports, which can be advantageous in terms of UE power consumption.

[0180] Traditionally, it is assumed that the connection to the LMF is always maintained in Uu positioning. In addition, a single fixed pattern is used in Uu positioning. In contrast, out-of-coverage (OOC) situations should also be supported in sidelink positioning. Considering UE mobility (i.e., when the in-coverage (IC) environment changes to the OOC environment), a switch from UE-assisted positioning to UE-based positioning may occur during UE-assisted positioning.

[0181] The opposite situation is also possible. When it is difficult to connect to the LMF (for example, in OOC), UE-based positioning mode can be performed. When it becomes possible to connect to the LMF during UE-based positioning mode, it can be switched to UE-assisted positioning mode for more accurate position calculation. In addition, in sidelink positioning, the server UE is responsible for position calculation, and the server UE may not be the target UE. Considering the mobility of the server UE (i.e., when the server UE is disconnected from the UE in the sidelink positioning group), a switch from UE-based positioning to UE-assisted positioning may occur during UE-based positioning.

[0182] In addition, when the quality of service (QoS) deteriorates during the UE-based positioning mode, switching to UE-assisted positioning requires re-performing the positioning operation, that is, performing a new positioning operation through a new RequestLocationInformation message. In this case, the new positioning operation causes a delay in position calculation.

[0183] Therefore, in traditional Uu positioning, one of UE-based positioning and UE-assisted positioning is selected considering advantages, disadvantages and environment. However, in sidelink positioning, a better positioning mode selection method is needed to support UE mobility and OOC environment.

[0184] The first embodiment of the present disclosure proposes a technology for improving position measurement performance by using a dual positioning mode in sidelink positioning. The process and method proposed in the first embodiment of the present disclosure are as follows.

[0185] A) Triggering a Location Measurement Request and Performing a Sidelink Positioning Operation. The Location Measurement Request is triggered by the LCS client, which may be present in the network or the UE. In the following, it is assumed that the basic procedures for performing the sidelink positioning operation, such as capacity exchange and assistance data transmission, have been completed.

[0186] B) The target UE or anchor UE sends a measurement report to the LMF and the server UE.

[0187] In the case of DL-like sidelink positioning (i.e., when the anchor UE sends SL-PRS), the target UE sends measurement reports to the LMF and the server UE. On the other hand, in the case of UL-like sidelink positioning (i.e., when the target UE sends SL-PRS), the anchor UE sends measurement reports to the LMF and the server UE.

[0188] As described above, the server UE is the UE responsible for location calculation and can be the target UE or one of one or more anchor UEs. Alternatively, it can be another UE that is neither a target UE nor an anchor UE. In addition, the target UE, anchor UE, and server UE need to be in an IC state, where they can connect to the network.

[0189] C) The LMF and the server UE perform location calculation based on the measurement report and exchange the calculated location and corresponding QoS. That is, the LMF (or server UE) requests the calculated location and QoS from the server UE (or LMF) and provides the calculated location and QoS to the server UE (or LMF).

[0190] When transmission is not possible (for example, when position calculation fails), an error message is sent.

[0191] D) The LMF or server UE sends the final location information to the LCS client based on the exchanged location information and QoS. The final location information refers to the location information with the best QoS among the exchanged locations. In this article, QoS refers to at least one of the QoS parameters specified in the standard document 3GPP TS 37.355.

[0192] Figure 19 An example of performing a positioning operation based on a dual positioning mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0193] Reference Figure 19 Preferably, in step A05, the UE reports information about the positioning modes supported by the UE to a location server including at least one of the LMF or the server UE.

[0194] The positioning modes supported by the UE include at least one of a UE-assisted positioning mode associated with position measurement, a UE-based positioning mode associated with position calculation, or a dual positioning mode associated with both position measurement and position calculation.

[0195] In step A10 , the UE receives a location request message including information on a dual positioning mode associated with both location measurement and location calculation from a location server including at least one of an LMF or a server UE.

[0196] Upon receiving the Location Request message, in step A15, the UE performs location measurement based on at least one PRS received from at least one anchor UE and reports the location measurement to the location server. This is the location measurement-related operation in the dual positioning mode. The location server performs location calculation based on the reported location measurement.

[0197] Subsequently, in step A20, the UE performs position calculation based on the position measurement, which is an operation related to position calculation in the dual positioning mode.

[0198] In addition, in step A25 , the UE may send the calculated location information to the location server, and the location server may select one of the location information calculated by the UE and the location information calculated by the location server based on the quality of the corresponding location information.

[0199] Compared to conventional techniques that use a single positioning mode (e.g., UE-based positioning mode or UE-assisted positioning mode), according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure, by using a dual positioning mode that simultaneously uses both the UE-based positioning mode and the UE-assisted positioning mode, position measurement performance can be improved. For example, by using the measurement position with better quality among the position information corresponding to the two positioning modes, the quality of position measurement can be improved.

[0200] In addition, when moving to an OOC environment, by using a dual positioning mode that uses both UE-based positioning mode and UE-assisted positioning mode, seamless positioning mode switching from UE-assisted positioning mode to UE-based positioning mode can be performed. In addition, when the server UE moves out of coverage, seamless positioning mode switching from UE-based positioning mode to UE-assisted positioning mode can be performed.

[0201] Therefore, seamless positioning mode switching can minimize the location measurement delay that may occur during support of UE mobility.

[0202] Although the first embodiment of the present disclosure is described based on sidelink positioning, it is also applicable to Uu positioning technology.

[0203] <Second embodiment>

[0204] As mentioned above, various positioning methods exist. According to the 3GPP TS 37.355 standard, the LPP defines the signaling required for each positioning method. Furthermore, according to the 3GPP TS 38.305 standard, the LMF determines the positioning method. The LMF determines the positioning method by considering various factors, such as the client type, QoS, UE capabilities, and base station capabilities.

[0205] However, according to the standard document 3GPP TS23.273, the selection of a specific positioning method depends on the LMF implementation. In traditional Uu positioning, it is assumed that the LMF and the target UE are always connected (i.e., only the integrated circuit (IC) case is considered), so the determination of the LMF is not a problem. However, in sidelink positioning, the out-of-circuit (OC) case should also be considered, so the assumption of a constant connection between the LMF and the target UE is not made. Therefore, it is difficult to apply traditional positioning method selection in sidelink positioning.

[0206] Because sidelink positioning involves various UE types (e.g., target UE, multiple anchor UEs, and server UE) and various scenarios, it is crucial for the UE to select the optimal positioning method. Selecting an incorrect positioning method can degrade positioning performance, and the resulting frequent changes in positioning methods can lead to side effects such as increased signaling overhead and positioning time delays.

[0207] In the second embodiment of the present disclosure, the positioning method used in the side link positioning can be set by the following method.

[0208] Method 1) Configured by LMF

[0209] When the target UE is connected (or capable of connecting) to the LMF during the sidelink positioning operation, the positioning method is indicated by the LMF to the target UE.

[0210] The target UE provides the LMF with information for selecting the optimal positioning method. For example, the target UE may provide information about the surrounding environment (e.g., dense urban area, rural area, etc.) and information about connected anchor UEs (e.g., the number of anchor UEs, LOS / NLOS information, positioning methods supported by the anchor UEs, etc.).

[0211] Method 2) Pre-configured by LMF

[0212] It may be considered that the network (LMF) pre-notifies the target UE of the positioning method to be used during the sidelink positioning operation.

[0213] Specifically, the LMF may indicate the positioning method to the target UE in the sidelink positioning authentication (authorization / authentication) step. The sidelink positioning authentication step may be performed in the network registration step or the V2XP or ProSe provisioning step.

[0214] To this end, the target UE provides the LMF with information for selecting the optimal positioning method. For example, the target UE may provide the positioning methods it supports. The target UE may receive newly provided positioning technologies upon switching to a new network or a new LMF. To this end, the UE may query the network regarding sidelink positioning technologies during registration with the new network and receive a response.

[0215] In addition, when the LMF related to the location of the target UE changes, the network notifies the LMF to change and update the sidelink positioning technology. In addition, when the optimal positioning method changes in the environment of the target UE or the connected BS, the LMF informs the target UE of the changed information.

[0216] This allows the target UE to always have the optimal positioning method available and use it when needed.

[0217] Method 3) Predefined by UE / 3GPP

[0218] The target UE selects a predetermined positioning method without the help of the LMF.

[0219] Although the selection of the positioning method by the target UE may depend on the UE implementation, it may be based on a predetermined priority. For example, the sidelink positioning operation may be performed in the order of TDOA, multi-RTT, and AoD.

[0220] For reference, the positioning methods determined in each method may involve various conditions. During the sidelink positioning operation, the target UE may prioritize positioning methods that meet the sidelink positioning operation conditions. For example, the number of required anchor UEs, supported service types (e.g., absolute positioning, relative positioning, and ranging services), etc.

[0221] The priority of methods 1 to 3 is as follows:

[0222] - Use the positioning method selected by method 1.

[0223] - When selection by method 1 is not possible, the positioning method selected by method 2 is used.

[0224] - When selection of method 1 and method 2 is not possible, the positioning method selected by method 3 is used.

[0225] That is, when the above defined methods conflict with each other, method 1 has the highest priority and method 3 has the lowest priority.

[0226] In addition to the methods listed above, the target UE can inform the LMF of its preferred positioning method before notifying the LMF of the positioning method. The LMF can then indicate the positioning method to the target UE by additionally referencing the preferred positioning method. The target UE's preference order for positioning methods can change based on various circumstances, such as the target UE's battery status.

[0227] In group positioning, priority can be determined by referring to previous position measurements.

[0228] In addition, AI / ML technology can be used to estimate the optimal positioning method.

[0229] Through the second embodiment of the present disclosure, a sidelink positioning method can be selected for the target UE with the help of the LMF. In particular, even in an OOC environment where it cannot connect to the LMF, the target UE can select a positioning method using the positioning method indicated by Method 2. In addition, the target UE can receive a new positioning method to be used from the LMF during the sidelink positioning operation.

[0230] When the positioning method cannot be received from the LMF, the target UE may select a positioning method according to UE implementation or according to a predetermined method.

[0231] <Third embodiment>

[0232] In Uu-based positioning, as described above, one of the UE-based positioning mode and the UE-assisted positioning mode is selected to perform the positioning operation. Position calculation is performed by the UE in the UE-based positioning mode and by the LMF in the UE-assisted positioning mode. In Uu-based positioning, due to its operation in the service area of ​​the network (i.e., IC), it is assumed that the UE is always connected to the LMF. Therefore, in Uu-based positioning, a single positioning mode is fixedly used according to the UE's position calculation capability and network support or non-support.

[0233] In sidelink positioning, UE-based positioning mode or UE-assisted positioning mode can be performed in the same way as Uu positioning in IC environment. However, sidelink positioning can also support OOC case.

[0234] Traditionally, in Uu-based positioning, the locationEstimatePreferred and locationMeasurementsPreferred fields in LocationInformationType can also be used to switch between UE-based positioning mode and UE-assisted positioning mode. However, this is only possible when the connection between the UE and LMF is available. Positioning mode switching cannot be performed when the UE is disconnected from the LMF.

[0235] Different from the static positioning mode, dynamic positioning mode switching is required in sidelink positioning to take into account UE mobility. For example, positioning mode switching is required in the following scenarios.

[0236] -When it is difficult to connect to the LMF (for example, in OOC), the UE-based positioning mode is performed. When it becomes possible to connect to the LMF during UE-based positioning, the UE-based positioning mode can be switched to the UE-assisted positioning mode to facilitate more accurate position calculation.

[0237] - In addition, in sidelink positioning, the server UE is responsible for position calculation and may not be the target UE. Considering the mobility of the server UE (i.e., when the server UE is disconnected from the UEs of the sidelink positioning group), it is possible to switch from the UE-based positioning mode to the UE-assisted positioning mode during the UE-based positioning mode operation.

[0238] -When connectable to LMF (e.g., under IC), UE-assisted positioning mode can be performed, and when it becomes unconnectable to LMF during positioning operation, it should switch to UE-based positioning operation.

[0239] - In addition, when QoS is degraded during the UE-based positioning mode operation, the positioning operation can be re-performed to switch to the UE-assisted positioning mode.

[0240] Therefore, there is a dynamic environment in sidelink positioning, and dynamic positioning mode switching is required to adapt to the changing environment.

[0241] Traditionally, to switch positioning modes, the UE (server UE or target UE) or LMF should send a new request location information message and perform a new positioning operation, which causes a delay in position calculation. Therefore, a positioning mode selection method that considers UE mobility and dynamic environment in sidelink positioning is needed.

[0242] A third embodiment of the present disclosure proposes a method for setting a dynamic positioning mode.

[0243] <Method A>

[0244] Change the positioning mode via the positioning mode setting message.

[0245] The Positioning Mode Set message is distinguished from the traditional LPP RequestLocationInformation message. While the traditional RequestLocationInformation message indicates the start of a new positioning operation, the Positioning Mode Set message indicates a change / configuration of the positioning mode, not a new positioning operation. In other words, only the positioning mode is changed, while the current sidelink positioning operation continues.

[0246] Upon receiving the positioning mode setting message, the UE determines to which node to send the measurement report. The positioning mode setting message includes information for setting the positioning mode, ie, (server) UE-based positioning mode and / or UE-assisted positioning mode.

[0247] In UE-based positioning mode, the measurement reports of the anchor UE / target UE are sent to the server UE. In contrast, in UE-assisted positioning mode, the measurement reports of the anchor UE / target UE are sent to the LMF. In addition, in both UE-based positioning mode and UE-assisted positioning mode (i.e., in dual positioning mode), the measurement reports of the anchor UE / target UE are sent to both the server UE and the LMF.

[0248] The positioning mode setting message may be generated and sent by all UEs participating in the sidelink positioning operation (i.e., server / target / anchor UE) or by the LMF. That is, the positioning mode setting message is generated by the server / target / anchor UE or the LMF and sent to the server / target / anchor UE or the LMF.

[0249] Specifically, when the LMF generates a Positioning Mode Setup message, it sends it to all UEs participating in the sidelink positioning operation (i.e., server / target / anchor UEs) via an LPP message. Alternatively, the LMF sends it only to a specific UE (i.e., any one of the server, target, and anchor UEs) via an LPP message, and the receiving UE retransmits it to other UEs via the sidelink. For example, the LMF sends a Positioning Mode Setup message to a server UE, and the server UE sends corresponding information to the target / anchor UE.

[0250] When the positioning mode setting message is generated by a specific UE, the specific UE sends it to all UEs participating in the sidelink positioning operation (i.e., server UE / target UE / anchor UE) through an SLPP message. The specific UE can be one of the server UE / target UE / anchor UE currently participating in the sidelink positioning operation.

[0251] <Method B>

[0252] Determine / change positioning mode in a UE autonomous manner.

[0253] Unlike Method A (i.e., receiving a specific message and executing the positioning mode accordingly), the UE-autonomous method allows the UE to adaptively and autonomously determine the positioning mode based on dynamic conditions. In other words, the UE adaptively determines the positioning method without requiring specific message instructions. This determination is based on the following information.

[0254] - When there is no response (Ack / Nack response) from the server UE to the measurement report sent by the anchor UE / target UE within a specific period during the UE-based positioning mode, the target UE / anchor UE sends the measurement report to the LMF.

[0255] - When there is no response (Ack / Nack response) from the LMF to the measurement report sent by the anchor UE / target UE within a specific period during the UE-assisted positioning mode, the target UE / anchor UE sends the measurement report to the server UE.

[0256] Changing the positioning mode by the UE autonomous method is performed as follows.

[0257] - Each anchor UE / target UE can set the optimal positioning mode based on its own determination. In this case, no message transmission between the anchor UE and the target UE is required.

[0258] When a specific UE autonomously changes its positioning mode, it can share the changed positioning mode information with other UEs. In this case, the information can be shared via the positioning mode setting message of method A. As a result, all anchor UEs can operate in the same positioning mode.

[0259] In addition, the target UE / anchor UE can inform the LMF of the changed positioning mode, so that the LMF can receive the measurement report and perform position calculation. Alternatively, during the sidelink positioning setup process, the LMF can pre-identify that the positioning mode can be changed in a UE-autonomous manner and automatically assume that the positioning mode has changed when a measurement report is received.

[0260] In a third embodiment of the present disclosure, unlike the conventional static positioning mode setting method, a method for dynamically setting the positioning mode is proposed.

[0261] Through the third embodiment of the present disclosure, the positioning mode can be adaptively set according to dynamic conditions during the sidelink positioning operation, thereby allowing more stable sidelink positioning operation and minimizing position measurement delay.

[0262] The third embodiment of the present disclosure is applied to the following scenario.

[0263] In UE-based positioning mode, the target UE / anchor UE sends measurement reports to the server UE. If the server UE moves to a location where it cannot receive measurement results, the target UE / anchor UE may not be able to receive the measurement reports and perform position calculations, and therefore may not be able to correctly perform positioning operations. In this case, all UEs other than the server UE (or LMF, if possible) can detect the changed situation / environment and change the positioning mode.

[0264] When the sidelink connection environment with the server UE is different for each UE, the specific UE may notify other UEs of mode switching through a message for the same mode operation.

[0265] In the third embodiment of the present disclosure, a message is sent to the UE via LPP and / or SLPP messages to switch the positioning mode in consideration of dynamic situations. This is different from the traditional RequestLocationInformation that requires a new positioning operation. As a result, when the positioning mode is switched, the location measurement delay can be minimized.

[0266] The third embodiment of the present disclosure is applied to the following another scenario.

[0267] When the accuracy of the position measurement result is poor during operation in the UE-based positioning mode, the UE-based positioning mode switches to the UE-assisted positioning mode.

[0268] The server UE and LMF may have different processing capabilities and thus different position calculation performance. Therefore, in terms of performance, the LMF is superior to the UE, thereby allowing for more accurate position calculation.

[0269] -When the sidelink connection with the server UE is lost during UE-based positioning mode operation,

[0270] The UE-based positioning mode switches to the UE-assisted positioning mode.

[0271] - In case of moving to an OOC environment where it is unable to connect to the LMF during UE-assisted positioning mode operation, the UE-assisted positioning mode switches to the UE-based positioning mode.

[0272] - When there is power limitation in the server UE during the UE-based positioning mode operation, the UE-based positioning mode switches to the UE-assisted positioning mode.

[0273] In addition to the listed scenarios, various other situations may exist. These dynamic positioning mode determination scenarios may depend on the UE and LMF implementation.

[0274] The present disclosure is described based on sidelink positioning. However, it is also applicable to Uu-based positioning.

[0275] <Method A> and <Method B> of the present disclosure may be combined with each other.

[0276] The above-mentioned embodiments are combinations of components and features of the present disclosure in a specific form. Unless otherwise explicitly mentioned, each component or feature should be considered as optional. Each component or feature can be implemented without being combined with other elements or features. In addition, some components and / or features can be combined to implement the embodiments of the present disclosure. The order of operations described in the embodiments of the present disclosure can be rearranged. Some components or features of an embodiment can be included in another embodiment, or components or features can be replaced with related components or features of another embodiment. It is obvious that claims not explicitly cited in the appended claims can be combined to form embodiments, or can be included as new claims by amendment after submission.

[0277] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that, within the scope of the features of the present disclosure, the present disclosure may be implemented in various specific forms. Therefore, the above detailed description should not be interpreted restrictively in all respects, but should be regarded as illustrative. The scope of the present disclosure should be determined by a reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all modifications within the scope of equivalents of the present disclosure are encompassed within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0278] Industrial Applicability

[0279] The present disclosure may be applied to a terminal, a base station or other devices in a wireless mobile communication system.

Claims

1. A method performed by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the method comprising the following steps: receiving a location request message from a location server, the location request message including information about a dual positioning mode associated with both location measurement and location calculation; performing said position measurement based on at least one positioning reference signal PRS; performing said position calculation based on said position measurement; and The location measurements are reported to the location server.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The location server performs the location calculation based on the reported location measurements.

3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: sending the calculated location information to the location server, The location server selects one of the location information calculated by the UE and the location information calculated by the location server based on the quality of the location information.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein The location server includes at least one of a location management function LMF or a server UE.

5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: reporting information about positioning modes supported by the UE to the location server, The positioning mode supported by the UE includes the dual positioning mode, and The positioning mode supported by the UE further includes at least one of a UE-assisted positioning mode associated with the position measurement or a UE-based positioning mode associated with the position calculation.

6. A user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the UE comprising: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; as well as at least one computer memory operatively connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations, The operations include: receiving a location request message from a location server, the location request message including information about a dual positioning mode associated with both location measurement and location calculation; performing said position measurement based on at least one positioning reference signal PRS; performing said position calculation based on said position measurement; and The location measurements are reported to the location server.

7. The UE according to claim 6, wherein: The location server performs the location calculation based on the reported location measurements.

8. The UE according to claim 6, wherein: The operation further includes: sending the calculated location information to the location server, and The location server selects one of the location information calculated by the UE and the location information calculated by the location server based on the quality of the location information.

9. The UE according to claim 6, wherein: The location server includes at least one of a location management function LMF or a server UE.

10. The UE according to claim 6, wherein: The operations further include: reporting information about positioning modes supported by the UE to the location server, The positioning mode supported by the UE includes the dual positioning mode, and The positioning mode supported by the UE further includes at least one of a UE-assisted positioning mode associated with the position measurement or a UE-based positioning mode associated with the position calculation.

11. A processing device in a wireless communication system, the processing device comprising: at least one processor; as well as at least one computer memory operatively connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations for a user equipment (UE), The operations include: receiving a location request message from a location server, the location request message including information about a dual positioning mode associated with both location measurement and location calculation; performing said position measurement based on at least one positioning reference signal PRS; performing said position calculation based on said position measurement; and The location measurements are reported to the location server.

12. A computer-readable storage medium storing at least one program code comprising instructions that, when executed, cause at least one processor to perform operations for a user equipment (UE). in, The operations include: receiving a location request message from a location server, the location request message including information about a dual positioning mode associated with both location measurement and location calculation; performing said position measurement based on at least one positioning reference signal PRS; performing said position calculation based on said position measurement; and The location measurements are reported to the location server.

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