Water-retaining organic nutrient soil for vegetables and preparation method of water-retaining organic nutrient soil

Abstract

The invention discloses water-retaining organic nutrient soil for vegetables and a preparation method of the water-retaining organic nutrient soil, and belongs to the technical field of organic culture substrates. The nutrient soil is prepared by compounding a decomposed organic matrix-towel gourd particle compound, peat soil, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium-sulfur composite sawdust powder, a wine vinasse-low-salt soy sauce residue reaction compound, calcium-magnesium vinegar residues, vermiculite, a sponge-activated carbon-sodium alginate composite water-retaining agent, a slow-release fertilizer, a JT composite biological agent and salvia miltiorrhiza-astragalus membranaceus extraction residues according to a specific proportion. The preparation method comprises the steps of raw material mixing, step-by-step addition of the water-retaining agent and the microbial agent, stacking fermentation and the like. The organic waste (such as loofah sponge, wine vinasse and soy sauce residue) is modified and utilized, and the synergistic effect of the water-retaining agent and the slow-release fertilizer is combined, so that the water-retaining property, the air permeability and the nutrient slow-release effect of the nutrient soil are remarkably improved, and meanwhile, the nutrient soil is rich in medium trace elements such as calcium and magnesium and beneficial microbial flora, and can promote the development of vegetable roots and reduce salt stress.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of organic cultivation substrates, and specifically relates to a water-retaining organic nutrient soil for vegetables and a preparation method thereof, which is particularly suitable for improving soil water retention, air permeability and nutrient slow-release performance in facility vegetable cultivation. Background Art

[0002] Traditional nutrient soil has problems such as poor water retention, rapid nutrient loss, and salt accumulation, and over-reliance on chemical fertilizers can easily lead to soil compaction and environmental pollution. In the prior art, although there are some matrix formulas that utilize organic waste (such as straw, fungus residue), there are generally problems such as insufficient water retention, poor slow-release effect, and lack of trace elements. In addition, the direct use of waste materials such as high-salt soy sauce residue and distiller's grains can easily cause stress on crop roots. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a kind of organic nutrient soil with efficient water retention, slow-release nutrients, low salt stress and environmental protection. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a water-retaining organic nutrient soil for vegetables, which realizes the multiple functions of water retention, air permeability, slow release of nutrients and salt control through the modification and compounding of organic waste, the synergy of water-retaining agents and the regulation of microbial flora; another purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing water-retaining organic nutrient soil for vegetables.

[0004] Technical solution:

[0005] Disclosed is a water-retaining organic nutrient soil for vegetables. The water-retaining organic nutrient soil for vegetables comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of a decomposed organic matrix-loofah particle composite, 10-20 parts of peat soil, 10-20 parts of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur composite sawdust powder, 5-8 parts of a wine lees-low-salt soy sauce residue reaction composite, 1-2 parts of calcium-magnesium-treated vinegar lees, 5-10 parts of vermiculite, 1-3 parts of a sponge-activated carbon-sodium alginate composite water-retaining agent, 0.1-0.5 parts of a JT composite biological agent, and 1-2 parts of a salvia miltiorrhiza-astragalus extract residue.

[0006] Preferably, the preparation method of the decomposed organic matrix-loofah particle composite is as follows: add decomposed organic matter into a stirring tank, add cassava starch whose weight is 0.1 times of the weight of the decomposed organic matter, and stir and mix, then add crushed loofah residue particles whose weight is 0.1 times of the weight of the decomposed organic matter, wherein the length, width and height of the crushed loofah residue particles are all less than 0.5 cm, stir and mix for 1 hour, add water whose weight is 1 times of the weight of the decomposed organic matter, stir and mix for 1 hour, and release to obtain the composite.

[0007] Preferably, the preparation method of the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur composite sawdust powder is as follows: adding sawdust into a reactor, adding purified water whose weight is 3 times the weight of the sawdust, adding potassium hydroxide whose weight is 0.1 times the weight of the sawdust under stirring, heating to 90° C. for hydrolysis for 2 hours, adding phosphoric acid dropwise to adjust the pH to 12, adding nitric acid dropwise to adjust the pH to 9, adding sulfuric acid dropwise to adjust the pH to 7, and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain the powder.

[0008] Preferably, the preparation method of the wine lees-low-salt soy sauce residue reaction complex is: add wine lees into a reactor, add water with a weight twice the weight of the wine lees, mix well, add low-salt soy sauce residue, heat to 50° C., mix and react for 4 hours, and obtain the product.

[0009] Preferably, the preparation method of the calcium-magnesium-treated vinegar grains is as follows: vinegar grains with a water content of 65%-70% are added to a reactor, magnesium powder is added in an amount 0.01 times the weight of the vinegar grains, the mixture is reacted for 2 hours, a saturated calcium hydroxide aqueous solution is sprayed, and the pH is adjusted to 7-8.

[0010] Preferably, the sponge-sodium alginate composite water-retaining agent is prepared by adding sponge particles with a length, width and height of less than 0.3 cm into a reactor, adding purified water 100 times the weight of the sponge particles, adding activated carbon 0.5 times the weight of the sponge and sodium alginate 0.2 times the weight of the sponge under stirring, stirring and mixing for 30 minutes, and then removing water under reduced pressure to obtain the obtained product.

[0011] A method for preparing water-retaining organic nutrient soil for vegetables, comprising:

[0012] S1. Raw material preparation: weigh the decomposed organic matrix-loofah particle composite, peat soil, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur composite sawdust powder, wine lees-low-salt soy sauce residue reaction composite, calcium magnesium vinegar lees, vermiculite, sponge-activated carbon-sodium alginate composite water-retaining agent, JT composite biological agent, and Danshen-Astragalus extract residue according to the above-mentioned parts by weight;

[0013] S2, mixing treatment: after mixing the wine lees-low-salt soy sauce residue reaction complex, calcium magnesium vinegar lees, and Danshen-Astragalus extraction residue, adding the decomposed organic matrix-loofah particle complex and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur composite sawdust powder, mixing evenly, then adding peat soil and vermiculite and mixing evenly to obtain a basic mixed soil;

[0014] S3. Adding water retaining agent: Sprinkle the sponge-activated carbon-sodium alginate composite water retaining agent evenly into the base mixed soil, and mix it in a mixer at room temperature for 20 minutes to ensure that the water retaining agent is fully combined with the soil;

[0015] S4. Inoculation of microbial agents: evenly sprinkle the microbial agents into the above mixture, mix well, and pile up for fermentation to promote the growth and activity of microorganisms;

[0016] S5. Finished product packaging: Sieve the fermented nutrient soil with a 5-mesh sieve to remove large particles of impurities, and then package it to obtain the finished product of vegetable water-retaining organic nutrient soil.

[0017] Preferably, in step S2, the mixing method used for mixing the wine lees-low-salt soy sauce residue reaction complex, the calcium magnesium vinegar lees, and the salvia miltiorrhiza-astragalus extraction residue is mixing in a mixer at room temperature for 60 minutes; the mixing method used for adding the decomposed organic matrix-loofah particle complex and the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur composite sawdust powder is mixing in a mixer at room temperature for 30 minutes; and the mixing method used for adding peat soil and vermiculite is mixing in a mixer at room temperature for 10 minutes.

[0018] Preferably, in step S4, the microbial agent is evenly sprinkled into the above mixture, mixed in a mixer at 30°C for 20 minutes, and piled for fermentation for 2-3 days, during which the temperature is maintained at 30-40°C.

[0019] Beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. The structures of the organic matrix and the loofah particles are synergistic. The decomposed organic matrix provides basic organic matter and nutrients. The loofah particles (size <0.5 cm) serve as porous carriers to enhance soil permeability and prevent compaction. Cassava starch gelatinizes with water to form a three-dimensional gel network, which wraps the humus particles in the organic matrix. The straight-chain molecules in the gelatinized starch produce hydrogen bonds with the lignin on the surface of the loofah particles. Prestress is generated during the gel shrinkage process, which enhances the interfacial bonding strength. At the same time, the vascular bundles inside the loofah particles form a pore network, and the organic matrix fills the micropores, so that the complex forms a gradient pore structure. The complex of the two forms a stable structure, which is conducive to root extension and water penetration.

[0021] 2. Multi-source organic matter (loofah particles, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur composite sawdust powder, wine lees-low salt soy sauce residue reaction complex, etc.) synergistically decomposes with microbial agents to achieve the sustained release of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements. Alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur composite sawdust powder is hydrolyzed by potassium hydroxide and acid-base neutralization to release nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur and other elements, which are combined with the natural fertilizer effect of peat soil. Potassium hydroxide hydrolyzes hemicellulose and lignin in sawdust, destroys β-1,4 glycosidic bonds, and releases bound nitrogen (such as amino sugars) and phosphorus (phytic acid phosphorus). After hydrolysis, the porosity of sawdust increases, exposing more adsorption sites. When phosphoric acid (H3PO4) adjusts the pH to 12, a fast-acting phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is generated. When nitric acid is neutralized to pH 9, a fast-acting nitrate nitrogen is formed. Sulfuric acid is finally adjusted to pH 7 to generate a fast-acting sulfur and potassium fertilizer. The residual unhydrolyzed lignin-cellulose complex binds metal ions (such as Ca) through ester bonds. 2+ 、Fe 3+) forms a slow-release chelate, forming a nutrient supply system that combines fast-acting and slow-release; the wine lees-low-salt soy sauce residue reaction complex is rich in organic carbon and amino acids, and is combined with calcium magnesium vinegar lees (containing Ca 2+ Mg 2+ ) synergistically, the wine lees contain organic acids such as tartaric acid and malic acid, which directly release H + Lower pH, calcium magnesium in vinegar lees 2+ / Mg 2+ Reacts with organic acid radicals to consume H + , increase the pH unit, and the two form a dynamic acid-base balance. Low-salt soy sauce residue contains amino acids such as glutamic acid and aspartic acid, which are in the form of cations (-NH3 + ) Capture H + , releases H in anionic form (-COO-) in alkaline soil + , thereby synergistically regulating soil pH, promoting microbial activity, improving nutrient utilization, and making root systems stronger. Alkaline hydrolysis of sawdust powder releases nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and cooperates with trace active substances in Salvia miltiorrhiza-Astragalus residues to promote root development.

[0022] 3. In the sponge-activated carbon-sodium alginate composite water-retaining agent, sponge particles provide physical water storage space, activated carbon absorbs harmful substances and slowly releases nutrients, and sodium alginate forms a gel-locking water network. The combination of the three significantly improves water retention capacity while reducing nutrient loss. Vermiculite further assists in water and fertilizer retention, forming a multi-level water management system.

[0023] 4. Microorganisms and disease resistance work together. The JT composite biological agent decomposes organic matter and releases small molecule nutrients during the fermentation process. The Nocardia actinomycetes and silicate bacteria in the JT agent can secrete chitinase and glucanase, which directly decompose the cell walls of pathogens, causing the pathogens to lyse and die, thereby inhibiting the pathogens. The Danshen-Astragalus extract residue contains natural antibacterial ingredients (such as phenols and saponins), which form a "biological control barrier" with the agent, achieving dual antibacterial effects of the Danshen-Astragalus residue and the microbial agent, reducing the use of chemical pesticides, and controlling the pH throughout the process to ensure soil neutrality and avoid salinization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is a comparison chart of the pH values ​​of the calcium-magnesium treated vinegar lees of the present invention and ordinary vinegar lees before calcium-magnesium treatment; wherein a is the pH value of the calcium-magnesium treated vinegar lees of the present invention, and b is the pH value of ordinary vinegar lees before calcium-magnesium treatment.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a comparison diagram of the alkaline-hydrolyzed nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur composite sawdust powder of the present invention and the sawdust powder before alkaline hydrolysis; wherein a is ordinary sawdust powder before alkaline hydrolysis, and b is the alkaline-hydrolyzed nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur composite sawdust powder of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3This is a comparison diagram of the decomposed organic matrix-loofah particle complex and loofah particles of the present invention; wherein a is the decomposed organic matrix-loofah particle complex of the present invention, and b is the loofah particles.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a finished product picture of the water-retaining organic nutrient soil for vegetables of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the technical solution of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] Raw material preparation:

[0031] Preparation of the decomposed organic matrix-loofah particle composite: add decomposed organic matter into a stirring kettle, add cassava starch in an amount 0.1 times the weight of the decomposed organic matter, and stir and mix, then add crushed loofah residue particles in an amount 0.1 times the weight of the decomposed organic matter, wherein the length, width, and height of the crushed loofah residue particles are all less than 0.5 cm, stir and mix for 1 hour, add water in an amount 1 times the weight of the decomposed organic matter, stir and mix for 1 hour, and release to obtain the composite; a comparison diagram of the decomposed organic matrix-loofah particle composite of the present invention and loofah particles is shown in the attached figure. Figure 3 .

[0032] Preparation of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur composite sawdust powder: add sawdust into a reactor, add purified water 3 times the weight of the sawdust, add potassium hydroxide 0.1 times the weight of the sawdust while stirring, heat to 90°C for hydrolysis for 2 hours, add phosphoric acid dropwise to adjust the pH to 12, add nitric acid dropwise to adjust the pH to 9, add sulfuric acid dropwise to adjust the pH to 7, and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain the obtained powder. A comparison diagram of the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur composite sawdust powder of the present invention and the sawdust powder before alkaline hydrolysis is shown in the attached figure. Figure 2 .

[0033] Preparation of the wine lees-low-salt soy sauce residue reaction complex: add the wine lees into the reactor, add water with a weight twice the weight of the wine lees, mix well, add low-salt soy sauce residue, heat to 50°C and mix for 4 hours to obtain the product.

[0034] Preparation of calcium magnesium treated vinegar lees: add vinegar lees with a water content of 65%-70% into a reactor, add magnesium powder with a weight equal to 0.01 times the weight of the vinegar lees, mix and react for 2 hours, spray with saturated calcium hydroxide aqueous solution, and adjust the pH to 7-8; the pH comparison chart of the calcium magnesium treated vinegar lees of the present invention and the ordinary vinegar lees before calcium magnesium treatment is shown in the attached figure. Figure 1 .

[0035] Preparation of sponge-sodium alginate composite water-retaining agent: Sponge particles with a length, width and height of less than 0.3 cm are added to a reactor, and purified water with a weight of 100 times the weight of the sponge particles is added. Under stirring, activated carbon with a weight of 0.5 times the weight of the sponge and sodium alginate with a weight of 0.2 times the weight of the sponge are added. After stirring and mixing for 30 minutes, the water is evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain the product.

[0036] Formula (parts by weight):

[0037] 75 parts of a decomposed organic matrix-loofah particle complex, 15 parts of peat soil, 15 parts of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur composite sawdust powder, 6.5 parts of a wine lees-low-salt soy sauce residue reaction complex, 1.5 parts of calcium magnesium vinegar lees, 7.5 parts of vermiculite, 2 parts of a sponge-activated carbon-sodium alginate composite water-retaining agent, 0.3 parts of a JT composite biological agent, and 1.5 parts of a salvia miltiorrhiza-astragalus extract residue.

[0038] Preparation method:

[0039] 1. Mixing treatment: The wine lees-low-salt soy sauce residue reaction complex, calcium magnesium vinegar lees, and Danshen-Astragalus extraction residue were mixed in a mixer at room temperature for 60 minutes. After mixing evenly, the decomposed organic matrix-loofah particle complex and alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur composite sawdust powder were added and mixed in a mixer at room temperature for 30 minutes. After mixing evenly, peat soil and vermiculite were added and mixed in a mixer at room temperature for 10 minutes. After mixing evenly, a basic mixed soil was obtained.

[0040] 2. Add water retaining agent: Sprinkle the sponge-activated carbon-sodium alginate composite water retaining agent evenly into the base mixed soil, mix it in a mixer at room temperature for 20 minutes, and mix it evenly to fully combine the water retaining agent with the soil.

[0041] 3. Inoculation of microbial agents: Sprinkle JT composite biological agents evenly into the mixture, mix in a mixer at 30°C for 20 minutes, and after mixing evenly, pile and ferment for 2 days to promote the reproduction and activity of microorganisms. During this period, maintain the temperature at 35±2°C to promote the activity of the bacterial community.

[0042] 4. Finished product packaging: After fermentation, the 5-mesh sieve is used to remove large particles of impurities and the finished product is packaged; the finished product of the vegetable water-retaining organic nutrient soil of the present invention is shown in the attached figure. Figure 4 .

[0043] Example 2

[0044] Preparation of raw materials: same as in Example 1.

[0045] Formula (parts by weight):

[0046] 80 parts of decomposed organic matrix-loofah particle complex, 20 parts of peat soil, 20 parts of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur composite sawdust powder, 8 parts of wine lees-low-salt soy sauce residue reaction complex, 2 parts of calcium magnesium vinegar lees, 10 parts of vermiculite, 3 parts of sponge-activated carbon-sodium alginate composite water-retaining agent, 0.5 parts of JT composite biological agent, and 2 parts of salvia miltiorrhiza-astragalus extract residue.

[0047] Preparation method:

[0048] 1. Mixing treatment: The wine lees-low-salt soy sauce residue reaction complex, calcium magnesium vinegar lees, and Danshen-Astragalus extraction residue were mixed in a mixer at room temperature for 60 minutes. After mixing evenly, the decomposed organic matrix-loofah particle complex and alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur composite sawdust powder were added and mixed in a mixer at room temperature for 30 minutes. After mixing evenly, peat soil and vermiculite were added and mixed in a mixer at room temperature for 10 minutes. After mixing evenly, a basic mixed soil was obtained.

[0049] 2. Add water retaining agent: Sprinkle the sponge-activated carbon-sodium alginate composite water retaining agent evenly into the base mixed soil, mix it in a mixer at room temperature for 20 minutes, and mix it evenly to fully combine the water retaining agent with the soil.

[0050] 3. Inoculation of microbial agents: Sprinkle JT composite biological agents evenly into the mixture, mix in a mixer at 30°C for 20 minutes, mix evenly, and then pile and ferment for 2 days to promote the reproduction and activity of microorganisms. During this period, maintain the temperature at 40±2°C to promote the activity of the bacterial community.

[0051] 4. Finished product packaging: After fermentation, sieve with a 5-mesh sieve to remove large particles of impurities and package the finished product.

[0052] Example 3

[0053] Preparation of raw materials: same as in Example 1.

[0054] Formula (parts by weight):

[0055] 70 parts of decomposed organic matrix-loofah particle complex, 10 parts of peat soil, 10 parts of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur composite sawdust powder, 5 parts of wine lees-low-salt soy sauce residue reaction complex, 1 part of calcium magnesium vinegar lees, 5 parts of vermiculite, 1 part of sponge-activated carbon-sodium alginate composite water-retaining agent, 0.1 part of JT composite biological agent, and 1 part of Salvia miltiorrhiza-Astragalus extract residue.

[0056] Preparation method:

[0057] 1. Mixing treatment: The wine lees-low-salt soy sauce residue reaction complex, calcium magnesium vinegar lees, and Danshen-Astragalus extraction residue were mixed in a mixer at room temperature for 60 minutes. After mixing evenly, the decomposed organic matrix-loofah particle complex and alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur composite sawdust powder were added and mixed in a mixer at room temperature for 30 minutes. After mixing evenly, peat soil and vermiculite were added and mixed in a mixer at room temperature for 10 minutes. After mixing evenly, a basic mixed soil was obtained.

[0058] 2. Add water retaining agent: Sprinkle the sponge-activated carbon-sodium alginate composite water retaining agent evenly into the base mixed soil, mix it in a mixer at room temperature for 20 minutes, and mix it evenly to fully combine the water retaining agent with the soil.

[0059] 3. Inoculation of microbial agents: Sprinkle JT composite biological agents evenly into the mixture, mix in a mixer at 30°C for 20 minutes, mix evenly, and then pile and ferment for 2 days to promote the reproduction and activity of microorganisms. During this period, maintain the temperature at 30±2°C to promote the activity of the bacterial community.

[0060] 4. Finished product packaging: After fermentation, sieve with a 5-mesh sieve to remove large particles of impurities and package the finished product.

[0061] Comparative Example 1

[0062] Same as Example 1, except that the sponge-activated carbon-sodium alginate composite water-retaining agent is not included.

[0063] Comparative Example 2

[0064] Same as Example 1, except that the JT composite biological agent is not included.

[0065] Comparative Example 3

[0066] Same as Example 1, except that the Danshen-Astragalus extract residue is not included.

[0067] Comparative Example 4

[0068] Same as Example 1, except that ordinary wine lees are used instead of the wine lees-low-salt soy sauce residue reaction complex.

[0069] Comparative Example 5

[0070] Same as Example 1, except that ordinary vinegar grains are used instead of calcium-magnesium-treated vinegar grains.

[0071] Comparative Example 6

[0072] Same as Example 1, except that ordinary sawdust is used instead of alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur composite sawdust powder.

[0073] Table 1 Test results of examples and comparative examples

[0074]

[0075]

[0076] According to the examples and comparative examples, the improvers obtained in Examples 1, 2, and 3 all performed well in terms of water retention, soil fertility improvement, plant growth index promotion, and disease control. Among them, Example 2 was relatively better in all indicators, indicating that the formula has a certain flexibility and stability within a certain range, and the proportions of each component can be appropriately adjusted according to actual needs. In the absence of the water-retaining agent in Comparative Example 1, the water retention and water holding capacity decreased significantly, indicating that the sponge-activated carbon-sodium alginate composite water-retaining agent is crucial to improving water retention performance. In Comparative Example 2, the JT composite biological agent was absent, and the soil fertility was significantly reduced and the plant incidence rate increased, highlighting the key role of microbial agents in nutrient transformation and disease inhibition. In Comparative Example 3, the Danshen-Astragalus extract residue was absent, and the plant incidence rate increased, reflecting the contribution of its natural antibacterial components to disease control. Comparative Examples 4, 5, and 6, in which ordinary distiller's grains, ordinary vinegar grains, and ordinary sawdust were used to replace the corresponding components, respectively, all performed worse than the examples, reflecting the unique advantages and synergistic effects of each specific component in the formula, and their importance in ensuring the comprehensive performance of the improver.

[0077] The above-described embodiments merely illustrate several implementations of the present invention, and while their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art would be able to make numerous variations and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present invention, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A water-retaining organic nutrient soil for vegetables, characterized in that: The vegetable water-retaining organic nutrient soil comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of a decomposed organic matrix-loofah particle complex, 10-20 parts of peat soil, 10-20 parts of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur composite sawdust powder, 5-8 parts of a wine lees-low-salt soy sauce residue reaction complex, 1-2 parts of calcium-magnesium vinegar lees, 5-10 parts of vermiculite, 1-3 parts of a sponge-activated carbon-sodium alginate composite water-retaining agent, 0.1-0.5 parts of a JT composite biological agent, and 1-2 parts of a salvia miltiorrhiza-astragalus extract residue.

2. The vegetable water-retaining organic nutrient soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the decomposed organic matrix-loofah particle composite comprises the following steps: adding decomposed organic matter into a stirring kettle, adding cassava starch whose weight is 0.1 times of the weight of the decomposed organic matter, stirring and mixing, then adding crushed loofah residue particles whose weight is 0.1 times of the weight of the decomposed organic matter, wherein the length, width and height of the crushed loofah residue particles are all less than 0.5 cm, stirring and mixing for 1 hour, adding water whose weight is 1 times of the weight of the decomposed organic matter, stirring and mixing for 1 hour, and releasing to obtain the composite.

3. The vegetable water-retaining organic nutrient soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur composite sawdust powder comprises the following steps: adding sawdust into a reactor, adding purified water in an amount 3 times the weight of the sawdust, adding potassium hydroxide in an amount 0.1 times the weight of the sawdust while stirring, heating to 90° C. for hydrolysis for 2 hours, adding phosphoric acid dropwise to adjust the pH to 12, adding nitric acid dropwise to adjust the pH to 9, adding sulfuric acid dropwise to adjust the pH to 7, and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain the powder.

4. The vegetable water-retaining organic nutrient soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the wine lees-low-salt soy sauce residue reaction complex comprises: adding wine lees into a reactor, adding water with a weight twice the weight of the wine lees, mixing evenly, adding low-salt soy sauce residue, heating to 50° C., mixing and reacting for 4 hours, and obtaining the complex.

5. The vegetable water-retaining organic nutrient soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the calcium-magnesium-treated vinegar grains comprises the following steps: adding vinegar grains with a water content of 65%-70% into a reactor, adding magnesium powder whose weight is 0.01 times of the weight of the vinegar grains, mixing and reacting for 2 hours, spraying with a saturated calcium hydroxide aqueous solution, and adjusting the pH to 7-8 to obtain the product.

6. The vegetable water-retaining organic nutrient soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the sponge-sodium alginate composite water-retaining agent comprises the following steps: adding sponge particles whose length, width and height are all less than 0.3 cm into a reactor, adding purified water whose weight is 100 times the weight of the sponge particles, adding activated carbon whose weight is 0.5 times the weight of the sponge and sodium alginate whose weight is 0.2 times the weight of the sponge under stirring, stirring and mixing for 30 minutes, and then removing water by evaporation under reduced pressure to obtain the water-retaining agent.

7. A method for preparing water-retaining organic nutrient soil for vegetables according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: include: S1. Raw material preparation: weigh the decomposed organic matrix-loofah particle composite, peat soil, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur composite sawdust powder, wine lees-low-salt soy sauce residue reaction composite, calcium magnesium vinegar lees, vermiculite, sponge-activated carbon-sodium alginate composite water-retaining agent, JT composite biological agent, and Danshen-Astragalus extract residue according to the above-mentioned parts by weight; S2, mixing treatment: after mixing the wine lees-low-salt soy sauce residue reaction complex, calcium magnesium vinegar lees, and Danshen-Astragalus extraction residue, adding the decomposed organic matrix-loofah particle complex and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur composite sawdust powder, mixing evenly, then adding peat soil and vermiculite and mixing evenly to obtain a basic mixed soil; S3. Adding water retaining agent: Sprinkle the sponge-activated carbon-sodium alginate composite water retaining agent evenly into the base mixed soil, and mix it in a mixer at room temperature for 20 minutes to ensure that the water retaining agent is fully combined with the soil; S4. Inoculation of microbial agents: evenly sprinkle the microbial agents into the above mixture, mix well, and pile up for fermentation to promote the growth and activity of microorganisms; S5. Finished product packaging: Sieve the fermented nutrient soil with a 5-mesh sieve to remove large particles of impurities, and then package it to obtain the finished product of vegetable water-retaining organic nutrient soil.

8. The method for preparing water-retaining organic nutrient soil for vegetables according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S2, the mixing method used for mixing the wine lees-low-salt soy sauce residue reaction complex, the calcium magnesium vinegar lees, and the salvia miltiorrhiza-astragalus extraction residue is to mix them in a mixer at room temperature for 60 minutes; the mixing method used for adding the decomposed organic matrix-loofah particle complex and the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur composite sawdust powder is to mix them in a mixer at room temperature for 30 minutes; and the mixing method used for adding peat soil and vermiculite is to mix them in a mixer at room temperature for 10 minutes.

9. The method for preparing water-retaining organic nutrient soil for vegetables according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S4, the microbial agent is evenly sprinkled into the above mixture, mixed in a mixer at 30°C for 20 minutes, and piled for fermentation for 2-3 days, during which the temperature is maintained at 30-40°C.

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