Aviation plate positioning device and method

Abstract

The invention provides an aviation plate positioning device and method, and the device comprises a working platform which is provided with a long side and a short side; the hydraulic floating supporting units are evenly arranged on the working platform, the hydraulic floating supporting units are used for supporting the aviation plate and conducting coarse positioning on the aviation plate in the height direction, and the hydraulic floating supporting units can retract to the position below the surface of the working platform after pressure relief; the coarse positioning device is arranged on the working platform, the coarse positioning device is close to the long side and the short side, and the coarse positioning device is used for performing coarse positioning on the aviation plate in the length direction and the width direction; the special-shaped positioning system is arranged on the working platform, the special-shaped positioning system is close to the coarse positioning device, and the special-shaped positioning system is used for accurately positioning the aviation plate in the X direction and the Y direction of the machine tool; the special-shaped positioning system comprises a special-shaped positioning pin, and the special-shaped positioning pin is matched with a kidney-shaped hole in the aviation plate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of CNC machining of aviation aircraft parts, and in particular relates to an aviation plate positioning device and method. Background Art

[0002] The processing of large aircraft sheet metal parts is a key link in aircraft manufacturing, which requires high technology and skills. With the continuous increase in aircraft mass production, the traditional positioning process of 20-meter-class large aviation sheets on CNC machine tools is cumbersome, and the operation is time-consuming and labor-intensive (especially for single-gantry dual-spindle processing equipment, the positioning difficulty is greatly increased). The positioning process is prone to bumps and scratches on the machine tool working platform, and local failure of the rubber ring in the platform sealing area, etc., affecting the manufacturing quality stability of large parts. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Purpose of the invention: By developing a rapid positioning device for large sheet materials and formulating an application method, the problem of slight bending deformation of large aviation sheet materials on machine tools affecting the manufacturing accuracy of parts can be solved. At the same time, the difficulty of fine-tuning the straightness of large sheet materials of 20 meters (weighing about 10 tons) by operators can be greatly reduced, and stable and efficient processing of large sheet parts can be achieved, which is especially suitable for dual-spindle synchronous processing.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present application provides an aviation plate positioning device, the device comprising: a work platform having long and short sides; Hydraulic floating support units are evenly arranged on the working platform, and are used to support aviation sheet materials and roughly position the aviation sheet materials in the height direction. After pressure relief, the hydraulic floating support units can be retracted below the surface of the working platform; A rough positioning device is provided on the working platform, the rough positioning device is close to the long side and the short side, and is used to perform rough positioning of the aviation sheet material in the length direction and the width direction; A special-shaped positioning system is provided on the working platform, the special-shaped positioning system is close to the rough positioning device, and the special-shaped positioning system is used to realize the precise positioning of the aviation sheet material in the X and Y directions of the machine tool; Wherein, the special-shaped positioning system includes a special-shaped positioning pin, and the special-shaped positioning pin matches the waist-shaped hole on the aviation sheet material; the waist-shaped hole is arranged in the non-processing area of ​​the aviation sheet material.

[0005] Preferably, the driving pressure source of the hydraulic floating support unit is a hydraulic station and a pressure-maintaining cylinder.

[0006] Preferably, the hydraulic floating support unit comprises: A hydraulic support cylinder is provided on the working platform; A hydraulic support rod is connected to the hydraulic support cylinder.

[0007] Among them, in the pressure-maintaining state after pressurization, the support height consistency of the hydraulic support rod is good, and the height difference is no more than 0.1mm. In the pressure-releasing state, the top of the hydraulic support rod is lower than the height of the working platform.

[0008] Preferably, the hydraulic support rod is a piston rod, and the top end of the piston rod is composed of a rolling support ball and has a rolling effect.

[0009] Preferably, the coarse positioning device comprises: Coarse positioning track; A coarse positioning slider is provided on the coarse positioning track, and the coarse positioning slider can slide along the coarse positioning track to perform coarse positioning of the aviation sheet material in the length direction and the width direction; A coarse positioning locking bolt is connected to the coarse positioning slider, and the coarse positioning locking bolt is used to lock the coarse positioning slider on the coarse positioning rail.

[0010] Preferably, the special-shaped positioning pin includes: Reducer guide column; A positioning matching surface is provided on the extension surface of the diameter-changing guide column; The air release groove is arranged on the side of the variable diameter guide column.

[0011] Preferably, the positioning fitting surface includes a streamlined curve for gradually guiding the waist-shaped hole into the special-shaped pin, and the calculation formula is: ; in, is the X coordinate of the contour line of the special-shaped positioning hole in the Cartesian coordinate system, It is the Y coordinate of the contour line of the special-shaped positioning hole in the Cartesian coordinate system, and the X value ranges from 5 to 20.

[0012] In a second aspect, the present application further provides a method for positioning aviation plate materials, the method comprising: Step 1: Before using the rapid positioning device, the machine operator needs to arrange the special-shaped positioning pins according to the layout. In the non-processing area of ​​the large plate, there are two directions, including one long side and one short side, to process N+1 sets of waist-shaped holes for rapid positioning of the large plate. Step 2: Before lifting the large aviation plate, further lift 2N sets of hydraulic floating support units evenly distributed on the machine tool working platform to the highest point, with a height error of less than 0.1mm; Step 3: Further adjust the position of the coarse positioning slider to match the position of the special-shaped positioning pin, further tighten the coarse positioning locking bolt on the coarse positioning block, fix the coarse positioning slider on the coarse positioning rail, and realize the position adjustment and fixation of the coarse positioning block; Step 4: After the hydraulic floating support unit and the coarse positioning device on the work platform are ready, the aviation plate is quickly positioned and hoisted. A lifting rope is then used to hoist the large aviation plate above the work platform. The distance between the aviation plate and the coarse positioning device is further adjusted to no more than 0.5mm. Three sets of coarse positioning devices are used to limit the plate in the X and Y directions of the machine tool. At this point, the aviation plate is coarsely positioned and placed flat on the platform's floating support unit. Step 5: When the large aviation sheet material has completed rough positioning, the hydraulic floating support unit is further slowly released from the end of the aviation sheet material. Under the action of gravity, the N+1 special-shaped positioning pins gradually and smoothly enter the waist-shaped holes of the aviation sheet material, completing the rapid positioning of the aviation sheet material. During the positioning process, the friction between the waist-shaped holes and the special-shaped positioning pins is small and changes slowly.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this application are: This invention provides a rapid positioning device and method for large aviation sheet materials. By leveraging gravity, large aviation sheet materials can quickly adapt to machine tool linearity deviations (maximum allowable 2mm) in the X-direction, meeting the required plate straightness of 0.05mm. When processed on a single-gantry, dual-axis milling machine, two large aviation sheet materials can be aligned to within 0.02mm in the X-direction. This device addresses the challenge of precise positioning of large aviation sheet materials on machine tools due to bending and deformation, significantly easing the operator's difficulty in making precise adjustments. It also steadily improves the manufacturing precision of large aviation structural components, enabling high-quality and efficient processing of large sheet materials. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a workflow diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is the overall schematic diagram of the device; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the interior of the device; Figure 4 This is a diagram of the composition of the coarse positioning device in this device; Figure 5 This is a diagram of the hydraulic floating support unit in this device; Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the composition of the special-shaped positioning pins in this device; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of waist-shaped holes set for aviation panels; In the figure: 1- aviation plate; 2- coarse positioning device; 3- hydraulic floating support unit; 4- special-shaped positioning pin; 5- working platform; 21- coarse positioning rail; 22- coarse positioning slider; 23- coarse positioning locking bolt; 31- hydraulic support rod; 32- hydraulic support cylinder; 33- rolling support ball; 41- reducing guide column; 42- positioning matching surface; 43- air release groove; 51- waist-shaped hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] It should be noted that the present invention discloses a rapid positioning device and positioning method for large-scale aviation sheet materials, which relates to the field of CNC machining of large-scale aviation parts, and is mainly used to solve the problem that the positioning process of large-scale aviation sheet materials of 10 to 20 meters in the aviation field is cumbersome and the operation process is time-consuming and labor-intensive on CNC machine tools. The positioning device mainly includes a hydraulic floating support unit, 3 groups of coarse positioning devices, N+1 groups of special-shaped positioning systems, and a plate with N+1 groups of waist-shaped positioning holes. This project proposes a rapid positioning device for large-scale sheet materials, establishes a positioning process and a method of use, solves the problem of accurate positioning of parts on machine tools due to bending deformation of large-scale aviation sheet materials, greatly reduces the difficulty of fine adjustment for operators, steadily improves the manufacturing accuracy of large-scale aviation structural parts, and realizes high-quality and efficient processing of large-scale plate parts.

[0016] The present application provides a large-scale aviation sheet material rapid positioning device, comprising a working platform, N+1 groups of special-shaped positioning pins fixed to the edge of the working platform, 3 groups of coarse positioning devices fixed to the edge of the working platform, the coarse positioning device provided with a sliding positioning block, the sliding positioning block provided with a bolt locking groove, 2N groups of hydraulic floating support units fixed to the center of the working platform, the hydraulic floating support unit provided with a hydraulic support rod, the top of the hydraulic support rod provided with a ball bearing, a large-scale aviation sheet material provided on the top of the working platform, and N+1 groups of special-shaped positioning holes matching the positions of the special-shaped positioning pins provided on the bottom of the large-scale aviation sheet material.

[0017] Preferably, the N+1 groups of special-shaped positioning pins have the same specifications, wherein the special-shaped positioning pins of the N groups are used to accurately position the aviation plate in the Y direction of the working platform, with a straightness error of less than 0.05mm, and the special-shaped positioning pins of the +1 group are used to accurately position the aviation plate in the X direction of the working platform, with an error of less than 0.02mm. The special-shaped positioning pins have a streamlined curve, which is used to gradually guide the waist-shaped hole into the special-shaped pin. The calculation formula is: ; in, is the X coordinate of the contour line of the special-shaped positioning hole in the Cartesian coordinate system, It is the Y coordinate of the contour line of the special-shaped positioning hole in the Cartesian coordinate system, and the X value ranges from 5 to 20.

[0018] Preferably, the 2N groups of hydraulic floating support units are in a pressure-maintaining state after pressurization, and the hydraulic support rods have good height consistency, with a height difference of no more than 0.1 mm. When the hydraulic floating support units are in a pressure-releasing state, the top of the piston rod is lower than the height of the machine tool platform. The top of the hydraulic support rod is composed of a rolling support ball, which has a rolling effect.

[0019] In other embodiments of the present application, the present invention further provides a method for quickly positioning large aviation panels, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Before using the rapid positioning device, the machine operator needs to process N+1 sets of waist-shaped holes (blind holes) in the non-processing area of ​​the large plate (in two directions, including one long side and one short side) according to the layout of the special-shaped positioning pins for rapid positioning of the large plate.

[0020] Step 2: Before lifting the large aviation plate, further lift 2N groups of hydraulic floating support units evenly distributed on the machine tool work platform to the highest point, with a height error of less than 0.1mm.

[0021] Step 3: Further adjust the position of the coarse positioning slider to match the position of the special-shaped positioning pin, further tighten the coarse positioning locking bolt on the coarse positioning block, fix the coarse positioning slider on the coarse positioning track, and realize the position adjustment and fixation of the coarse positioning block.

[0022] Step 4: Once the hydraulic floating support unit and coarse positioning device on the work platform are ready, the aviation plate is quickly positioned and hoisted. A sling is then used to hoist the large aviation plate above the work platform. The distance between the plate and the coarse positioning device is adjusted to no more than 0.5 mm, allowing the three sets of coarse positioning devices to limit the plate in the X and Y directions of the machine tool. The aviation plate is now coarsely positioned and placed flat on the platform's floating support unit.

[0023] Step 5: When the large aviation sheet material has completed rough positioning, the hydraulic floating support unit is further slowly released from the end of the aviation sheet material. Under the action of gravity, the N+1 special-shaped positioning pins gradually and smoothly enter the waist-shaped holes of the aviation sheet material, completing the rapid positioning of the aviation sheet material. During the positioning process, the friction between the waist-shaped holes and the special-shaped positioning pins is small and changes slowly.

[0024] The following is combined with Figure 1 -Attached Figure 7 This application is described in further detail.

[0025] In other embodiments of the present application, Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 6The present invention provides a large-scale aviation sheet material rapid positioning device, comprising an aviation sheet material 1, wherein the aviation sheet material 1 is provided with N+1 groups of waist-shaped holes 51 for precise positioning, wherein the N+1 groups of waist-shaped holes 51 cooperate with the N+1 groups of special-shaped positioning pins 4, and one side of the special-shaped positioning pin 4 is provided with a reducing guide column 41, wherein the reducing guide column 41 is used to guide the waist-shaped hole 51, and one side of the special-shaped positioning pin 4 is provided with a positioning matching surface 42, wherein the positioning matching surface 42 is used to accurately position the waist-shaped hole 41, and the bottom of the special-shaped positioning pin 4 is provided with an air release groove 43, wherein the air release groove 43 is used for the special-shaped positioning pin 4 to be quickly plugged in and out, and the three groups of coarse positioning devices 2 are provided with a coarse positioning rail 21, wherein the coarse positioning rail 21 is placed on On the working platform 5, a coarse positioning slide block 22 is provided in the coarse positioning guide rail 21. The coarse positioning slide block 22 is used for coarse positioning of the aviation plate 1. A coarse positioning locking bolt 23 is provided on the coarse positioning slide block 22. The coarse positioning locking bolt 23 is bolted to the working platform 5. The hydraulic floating support unit 3 is used to support the aviation plate 1 and adjust its rough position on the platform. A hydraulic support rod 31 is provided in the 2N group of hydraulic floating support units 3. A rolling support ball 33 is provided on the top of the hydraulic support rod 31. The rolling support ball 33 is used for the sliding of the aviation plate 1. A hydraulic support cylinder 32 is provided at the bottom of the floating support unit 3. The hydraulic support cylinder 32 is used to support the hydraulic support rod 31.

[0026] In other embodiments of the present application, a method for rapidly positioning large aviation sheet materials is provided, based on the aforementioned rapid positioning device for large aviation sheet materials, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Before using the rapid positioning device, the machine operator needs to process N+1 groups of waist-shaped holes 51 (blind holes) in the non-processing area of ​​the large plate 1 (in two directions, including one long side and one short side) according to the layout of the special-shaped positioning pins 4 for rapid positioning of the large plate 1.

[0027] Step 2: Before hoisting the large aviation plate 1, further lift 2N groups of hydraulic floating support units 3 evenly distributed on the machine tool working platform 5 to the highest point, with a height error of less than 0.1 mm.

[0028] Step 3: Further adjust the position of the coarse positioning slider 22 to match the position of the special-shaped positioning pin 4, further tighten the coarse positioning locking bolt 23 on the position of the coarse positioning block 2, and fix the coarse positioning slider 22 on the coarse positioning rail 21 to achieve position adjustment and fixation of the coarse positioning block 2.

[0029] Step 4: After the hydraulic floating support unit 3 and the coarse positioning device 2 on the work platform 5 are ready, the aviation sheet material 1 is quickly positioned and hoisted. A sling is then used to hoist the large aviation sheet material 1 onto the work platform 5. The spacing between the aviation sheet material 1 and the coarse positioning device 2 is further adjusted to no more than 0.5 mm. Three sets of coarse positioning devices 2 are now positioned in the X and Y directions of the machine tool. The aviation sheet material 1 is now coarsely positioned and placed flat on the platform's floating support unit 3.

[0030] Step 5: When the large aviation sheet material 1 has completed rough positioning, the hydraulic floating support unit 3 is further gradually and slowly released from the end of the aviation sheet material 1. Under the action of gravity, the N+1 special-shaped positioning pins 4 gradually and smoothly enter the waist-shaped holes 51 of the aviation sheet material 1, completing the rapid positioning of the aviation sheet material 1. During the positioning process, the friction between the waist-shaped holes 51 and the special-shaped positioning pins 4 is small and changes slowly.

[0031] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An aviation plate positioning device, characterized in that: The device comprises: a work platform having long and short sides; Hydraulic floating support units are evenly arranged on the working platform, and are used to support aviation sheet materials and roughly position the aviation sheet materials in the height direction. After pressure relief, the hydraulic floating support units can be retracted below the surface of the working platform; A rough positioning device is provided on the working platform, the rough positioning device is close to the long side and the short side, and is used to perform rough positioning of the aviation sheet material in the length direction and the width direction; A special-shaped positioning system is provided on the working platform, the special-shaped positioning system is close to the rough positioning device, and the special-shaped positioning system is used to realize the precise positioning of the aviation sheet material in the X and Y directions of the machine tool; Wherein, the special-shaped positioning system includes a special-shaped positioning pin, and the special-shaped positioning pin matches the waist-shaped hole on the aviation sheet material; the waist-shaped hole is arranged in the non-processing area of ​​the aviation sheet material.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein The driving pressure source of the hydraulic floating support unit is the hydraulic station and the pressure-maintaining cylinder.

3. The device according to claim 2, wherein The hydraulic floating support unit comprises: A hydraulic support cylinder is provided on the working platform; A hydraulic support rod is connected to the hydraulic support cylinder. Among them, in the pressure-maintaining state after pressurization, the support height consistency of the hydraulic support rod is good, and the height difference is no more than 0.1mm. In the pressure-releasing state, the top of the hydraulic support rod is lower than the height of the working platform.

4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that The hydraulic support rod is a piston rod, and the top end of the piston rod is composed of a rolling support ball and has a rolling effect.

5. The device according to claim 1, wherein The coarse positioning device comprises: Coarse positioning track; A coarse positioning slider is provided on the coarse positioning track, and the coarse positioning slider can slide along the coarse positioning track to perform coarse positioning of the aviation sheet material in the length direction and the width direction; A coarse positioning locking bolt is connected to the coarse positioning slider, and the coarse positioning locking bolt is used to lock the coarse positioning slider on the coarse positioning rail.

6. The device according to claim 1, wherein The special-shaped positioning pin includes: Reducer guide column; A positioning matching surface is provided on the extension surface of the diameter-changing guide column; The air release groove is arranged on the side of the variable diameter guide column.

7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that The special-shaped positioning pin has a streamlined curve, which is used to gradually guide the waist-shaped hole into the special-shaped positioning pin. The calculation formula is: ； in, is the X coordinate of the contour line of the special-shaped positioning hole in the Cartesian coordinate system, It is the Y coordinate of the contour line of the special-shaped positioning hole in the Cartesian coordinate system, and the X value ranges from 5 to 20.

8. A method for positioning aviation sheet materials, characterized in that: The method comprises: Step 1: Before using the rapid positioning device, the machine operator needs to arrange the special-shaped positioning pins according to the layout. In the non-processing area of ​​the large plate, there are two directions, including one long side and one short side, to process N+1 sets of waist-shaped holes for rapid positioning of the large plate. Step 2: Before lifting the large aviation plate, further lift 2N sets of hydraulic floating support units evenly distributed on the machine tool working platform to the highest point, with a height error of less than 0.1mm; Step 3: Further adjust the position of the coarse positioning slider to match the position of the special-shaped positioning pin, further tighten the coarse positioning locking bolt on the coarse positioning block, fix the coarse positioning slider on the coarse positioning rail, and realize the position adjustment and fixation of the coarse positioning block; Step 4: After the hydraulic floating support unit and the coarse positioning device on the work platform are ready, the aviation plate is quickly positioned and hoisted. A lifting rope is then used to hoist the large aviation plate above the work platform. The distance between the aviation plate and the coarse positioning device is further adjusted to no more than 0.5mm. Three sets of coarse positioning devices are used to limit the plate in the X and Y directions of the machine tool. At this point, the aviation plate is coarsely positioned and placed flat on the platform's floating support unit. Step 5: When the large aviation sheet material has completed rough positioning, the hydraulic floating support unit is further slowly released from the end of the aviation sheet material. Under the action of gravity, the N+1 special-shaped positioning pins gradually and smoothly enter the waist-shaped holes of the aviation sheet material, completing the rapid positioning of the aviation sheet material. During the positioning process, the friction between the waist-shaped holes and the special-shaped positioning pins is small and changes slowly.

Images