Energy self-consistent railway train axle box state monitoring device

Abstract

The invention discloses an energy self-consistent railway train axle box state monitoring device which comprises an eccentric wheel assembly, a magnetic levitation assembly, an electrical assembly and an outer structure assembly. The outer structure assembly is used for providing support for installation of the eccentric wheel assembly, the magnetic levitation assembly and the electrical assembly. The eccentric wheel assembly is used for converting wind energy generated in the train running process into mechanical energy. The magnetic levitation assembly is used for generating electricity through the mechanical energy converted by the eccentric wheel assembly and vibration energy generated in the train running process. A sensor used for monitoring the running state of the railway train axle box is integrated on the electrical assembly, and the electrical assembly is used for receiving and conducting electric energy generated by the magnetic levitation assembly. By means of energy self-consistency of the device, the cruising ability of the device is greatly improved, the device can fully adapt to the complex operation environment of a railway train, dependence on an external power source is reduced, the battery replacement and maintenance cost is reduced, the economical efficiency and maintainability of the system are remarkably improved, and the requirements for environment protection and sustainable development are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of energy collection and rail transportation technology, and in particular to an energy-self-consistent railway train axle box state monitoring device. Background Art

[0002] Axleboxes are critical components in railway train power systems, and their health is directly related to train safety and efficiency. Damage or failures in axleboxes are often difficult to detect through traditional periodic inspections, and once a failure occurs, it can pose a serious threat to train safety and operational stability. Therefore, the demand for axlebox monitoring and fault diagnosis in train operations and maintenance is increasing.

[0003] Most existing axle box monitoring systems rely on external power sources for data collection and transmission. Such monitoring devices that rely on external power sources usually require regular battery replacement or power supply, which increases the maintenance cost and complexity of the equipment. To overcome the above problems, in recent years, the application of energy harvesting technology in smart sensors has been explored. Energy harvesting technology can convert other energy in train operation into electrical energy, providing continuous energy support for sensors, thereby achieving long-term stable monitoring of the device with "energy self-consistency". Through this technology, the dependence of the equipment on external power sources can be significantly reduced, and the cost of manual maintenance can be reduced. However, most of the current research focuses on the capture of train vibration energy. Single vibration energy is weak, and insufficient vibration will affect the energy supply efficiency, resulting in problems such as the inability of monitoring equipment to work continuously. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an energy self-consistent railway train axle box status monitoring device to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides an energy-self-consistent railway train axle box state monitoring device, comprising an eccentric wheel assembly, a magnetic levitation assembly, an electrical assembly and an external structure assembly;

[0006] The outer structural assembly is used to provide support for the installation of the eccentric assembly, the magnetic levitation assembly and the electrical assembly;

[0007] The eccentric wheel assembly is used to convert wind energy generated during the train's travel into mechanical energy;

[0008] The magnetic levitation assembly is used to generate electricity through the mechanical energy converted by the eccentric wheel assembly and the vibration energy generated during the train's travel;

[0009] The electrical component is integrated with a sensor for monitoring the operating status of the railway train axle box, and the electrical component is used to receive and conduct the electrical energy generated by the magnetic levitation component.

[0010] Preferably, the outer structure assembly includes an upper shell cover, an outer structure box body and an outer structure box cover, and the upper shell cover is installed on the outer structure box body through the outer structure box cover.

[0011] Preferably, the eccentric wheel assembly includes wind energy collecting blades, a sleeve, a bearing, an eccentric wheel shaft, an eccentric wheel shaft support frame and a fixing bolt; the wind energy collecting blades are installed at one end of the eccentric wheel shaft through the sleeve, and the eccentric wheel shaft is connected to the eccentric wheel shaft support frame through the bearing; the eccentric wheel shaft support frame is fixedly connected to the outer structure box cover through the fixing bolt; the eccentric wheel on the eccentric wheel shaft is in transmission cooperation with the magnetic levitation assembly.

[0012] Preferably, the magnetic levitation assembly includes a magnetic levitation guide sleeve, a coil, a coil support frame, a top rod copper bolt, a top rod copper nut, a top rod magnet, a suspension magnet, a bottom copper bolt, a bottom magnet, and a bottom copper nut;

[0013] The magnetic levitation guide sleeve is fixedly arranged on the outer structure box cover, and the coil is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the magnetic levitation guide sleeve through the coil support frame; the bottom magnet is fixedly installed on the outer structure box body through the bottom copper bolt and the bottom copper nut, and the bottom magnet, the suspension magnet and the top rod magnet are sequentially arranged in the magnetic levitation guide sleeve from bottom to top, and the suspension magnet and the top rod magnet are both slidably matched with the magnetic levitation guide sleeve, the bottom magnet repels the suspension magnet, and the suspension magnet repels the top rod magnet; the top rod copper bolt is fixed to the top rod magnet through the top rod copper nut, and the top end of the top rod copper bolt is transmission-matched with the eccentric wheel on the eccentric wheel rotating shaft.

[0014] Preferably, the electrical assembly includes a sensing and transmission circuit, a first bolt group, a battery / supercapacitor, an energy management circuit and a second bolt group;

[0015] The sensing and transmission circuit is fixedly connected to the upper shell cover via the first bolt group, and the energy management circuit is fixedly connected to the outer structure box via the second bolt group. The energy management circuit is used to control the charging and discharging of the battery / supercapacitor;

[0016] The sensing end energy port on the sensing and transmission circuit is connected to the energy output port on the energy management circuit, and the energy capture port on the energy management circuit is connected to the coil; the sensor is integrated on the sensing and transmission circuit.

[0017] Preferably, the sensors include an acceleration sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and a position sensor.

[0018] Preferably, the energy collection method using the energy self-consistent railway train axle box state monitoring device includes:

[0019] For wind energy collection, the wind energy collecting blades in the eccentric assembly rotate under the wind energy generated by the train movement. The eccentric assembly drives the eccentric to rotate, and the eccentric drives the top rod magnet to reciprocate in the magnetic levitation guide sleeve. Under the action of magnetic repulsion, the levitation magnet also reciprocates. The coil cuts the magnetic flux lines, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy.

[0020] For the collection of vibration energy, the outer structural box is fixed on the train. When the train vibrates, it drives the suspended magnet in the magnetic levitation guide sleeve fixedly connected to the outer structural box to produce reciprocating motion, and the coil cuts the magnetic lines of force, converting the vibration energy into electrical energy.

[0021] Preferably, for wind energy collection:

[0022] The available power of wind energy is:

[0023]

[0024] in:

[0025] P w is the available power of wind energy;

[0026] ρ is the air density;

[0027] R is the radius of the wind energy collecting blade;

[0028] C P is the power coefficient, which is 0.5;

[0029] V is the relative wind speed of the train;

[0030] The displacement and speed of the reciprocating motion of the suspended magnet under the action of the top rod magnet pushed by the eccentric wheel and the magnetic repulsion are:

[0031] z w (t)=r sin(ωt),

[0032] in:

[0033] z w (t) is the displacement of the reciprocating motion of the suspended magnet under the action of wind energy;

[0034] is the reciprocating speed of the suspended magnet under the action of wind energy;

[0035] r is the eccentric distance of the eccentric wheel, and the stroke is 2r;

[0036] ω is the angular velocity of the eccentric wheel,

[0037] The induced electromotive force generated is:

[0038] e w (t) = NK Φ rωcos(ωt)

[0039] in:

[0040] e w (t) is the induced electromotive force generated by wind energy;

[0041] N is the number of coil turns;

[0042] K Φ is the magnetic flux gradient of the levitating magnet;

[0043] Under the action of wind energy, the effective value of voltage is:

[0044]

[0045] in:

[0046] E w,rms is the effective value of voltage under the action of wind energy;

[0047] Under the action of wind energy, the final output power is:

[0048]

[0049] in:

[0050] P w,out is the final output power under the action of wind energy;

[0051] R C is the coil resistance;

[0052] R L is a load resistor, the load resistance can be customized according to the working requirements. Preferably, for the collection of vibration energy:

[0053] The vibration excitation of the external structural box is:

[0054]

[0055] in:

[0056] y(t) is the vibration displacement of the external structural box;

[0057] m is the equivalent mass of the suspended magnet;

[0058] c b is the equivalent damping coefficient;

[0059] k bis the magnetic levitation equivalent stiffness;

[0060] The vibration amplification factor is:

[0061]

[0062] in:

[0063] H(ω v ) is the vibration amplification factor;

[0064] ω n is the system's natural angular frequency;

[0065] ω v is the angular frequency of the outer structure box;

[0066] ζ is the damping ratio;

[0067] The displacement and velocity of the suspended magnet under vibration are:

[0068] z v (t)=H(ω v )Y sin(ω v t),

[0069] in:

[0070] z v (t) is the displacement of the suspended magnet under vibration;

[0071] is the speed of the suspended magnet under vibration;

[0072] Y is the peak value of the vibration displacement of the external structure box;

[0073] Under the action of vibration, the induced electromotive force generated is:

[0074] e v (t) = NK Φ H(ω v )Yω v cos(ω v t)

[0075] in:

[0076] e v (t) is the induced electromotive force generated by vibration;

[0077] Under the action of vibration, the effective value of the voltage is:

[0078]

[0079] in:

[0080] Ev,rms is the effective value of the voltage under vibration;

[0081] Under vibration, the output power is:

[0082]

[0083] in:

[0084] P v,out It is the induced electromotive force generated by vibration.

[0085] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0086] 1. The energy-self-consistent railway train axle box status monitoring device provided by the present invention greatly improves the equipment's endurance through the device's energy self-consistency, can fully adapt to the complex operating environment of railway trains, reduces dependence on external power supplies, reduces battery replacement and maintenance costs, significantly enhances the system's economy and maintainability, and meets the requirements of green environmental protection and sustainable development.

[0087] 2. The present invention realizes the synchronous collection of wind energy and vibration energy during the operation of the train through the coordinated cooperation of the eccentric wheel assembly, the magnetic levitation assembly and the electrical assembly, breaking through the limitations of a single energy acquisition method and significantly improving the efficiency of energy collection.

[0088] 3. The present invention relies on intelligent sensing terminals and wireless communication networks to collect and upload axle box operation data. The edge algorithm can dynamically adjust the sampling strategy according to the train operating conditions, timely identify potential faults and issue early warnings, thereby ensuring the safety and reliability of train operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0089] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0090] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the energy self-consistent railway train axle box state monitoring device of the present invention;

[0091] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the energy self-consistent railway train axle box state monitoring device of the present invention;

[0092] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the eccentric wheel assembly and the magnetic levitation assembly of the present invention;

[0093] Figure 4is a schematic diagram of an electrical component of the present invention;

[0094] In the figure: 1. Wind energy collection blade; 2. Upper shell cover; 3. External structure box cover; 4. External structure box; 5. Bearing; 6. Coil; 7. Coil support frame; 8. Sensing and transmission circuit; 9. First bolt group; 10. Eccentric wheel shaft; 11. Eccentric wheel shaft support frame; 12. Fixing bolt; 13. Magnetic levitation guide sleeve; 14. Battery / supercapacitor; 15. Second bolt group; 16. Energy management circuit; 17. Bushing; 18. Top rod copper bolt; 19. Top rod copper nut; 20. Top rod magnet; 21. Suspension magnet; 22. Bottom copper bolt; 23. Bottom magnet; 24. Bottom copper nut; 25. Sensing end energy port; 26. Energy output port; 27. Energy capture port. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0095] It should be noted that, unless there is a conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0096] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the present invention provides an energy-self-consistent railway train axle box state monitoring device, comprising an eccentric wheel assembly, a magnetic levitation assembly, an electrical assembly and an external structure assembly;

[0097] The external structural assembly is used to provide support for the installation of the eccentric assembly, magnetic levitation assembly and electrical assembly;

[0098] The eccentric wheel assembly is used to convert the wind energy generated during the train's movement into mechanical energy;

[0099] The magnetic levitation assembly is used to generate electricity through the mechanical energy converted by the eccentric wheel assembly and the vibration energy generated during the train's movement;

[0100] The electrical component is integrated with sensors for monitoring the operating status of the railway train axle box, and the electrical component is used to receive and conduct the electrical energy generated by the magnetic levitation component.

[0101] According to a further optimized solution, the outer structure assembly includes an upper shell cover 2 , an outer structure box body 4 and an outer structure box cover 3 , and the upper shell cover 2 is installed on the outer structure box body 4 through the outer structure box cover 3 .

[0102] Further optimization scheme, the eccentric wheel assembly includes a wind energy collection blade 1, a sleeve 17, a bearing 5, an eccentric wheel shaft 10, an eccentric wheel shaft support frame 11 and a fixing bolt 12; the wind energy collection blade 1 is installed at one end of the eccentric wheel shaft 10 through the sleeve 17, and the eccentric wheel shaft 10 is connected to the eccentric wheel shaft support frame 11 through the bearing 5; the eccentric wheel shaft support frame 11 is fixedly connected to the outer structure box cover 3 through the fixing bolt 12; the eccentric wheel on the eccentric wheel shaft 10 is matched with the magnetic levitation assembly for transmission.

[0103] Further optimizing the scheme, the magnetic levitation assembly includes a magnetic levitation guide sleeve 13, a coil 6, a coil support frame 7, a top rod copper bolt 18, a top rod copper nut 19, a top rod magnet 20, a suspension magnet 21, a bottom copper bolt 22, a bottom magnet 23, and a bottom copper nut 24;

[0104] The magnetic levitation guide sleeve 13 is fixedly set on the outer structure box cover 3, and the coil 6 is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the magnetic levitation guide sleeve 13 through the coil support frame 7; the bottom magnet 23 is fixedly installed on the outer structure box body 4 through the bottom copper bolt 22 and the bottom copper nut 24, and the bottom magnet 23, the suspension magnet 21 and the top rod magnet 20 are arranged in the magnetic levitation guide sleeve 13 from bottom to top, and the suspension magnet 21 and the top rod magnet 20 are both slidably matched with the magnetic levitation guide sleeve 13, the bottom magnet 23 and the suspension magnet 21 repel each other, and the suspension magnet 21 repel each other with the top rod magnet 20; the top rod copper bolt 18 is fixed on the top rod magnet 20 through the top rod copper nut 19, and the top end of the top rod copper bolt 18 is transmission-matched with the eccentric wheel on the eccentric wheel shaft 10.

[0105] In a further optimized solution, the electrical components include a sensing and transmission circuit 8, a first bolt group 9, a battery / supercapacitor 14, an energy management circuit 16, and a second bolt group 15;

[0106] The sensing and transmission circuit 8 is fixedly connected to the upper shell cover 2 via the first bolt group 9, and the energy management circuit 16 is fixedly connected to the outer structure box 4 via the second bolt group 15. The energy management circuit 16 is used to control the charging and discharging of the battery / supercapacitor 14;

[0107] The sensing end energy port 25 on the sensing and transmission circuit 8 is connected to the energy output port 26 on the energy management circuit 16 , and the energy capture port 27 on the energy management circuit 16 is connected to the coil 6 ; the sensor is integrated on the sensing and transmission circuit 8 .

[0108] To further optimize the solution, the sensors include acceleration sensors, temperature sensors, humidity sensors and position sensors.

[0109] To further optimize the scheme, an energy collection method using an energy-self-consistent railway train axle box condition monitoring device is implemented, including:

[0110] For wind energy collection, the wind energy collecting blades 1 in the eccentric assembly rotate under the wind energy generated by the train movement. The eccentric assembly drives the eccentric to rotate, and the eccentric drives the top rod magnet 20 to reciprocate in the magnetic levitation guide sleeve 13. Under the action of magnetic repulsion, the levitation magnet 21 also reciprocates. The coil 6 cuts the magnetic flux lines, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy.

[0111] For the collection of vibration energy, the outer structural box 4 is fixed on the train. When the train vibrates, it drives the levitation magnet 21 in the magnetic levitation guide sleeve 13 fixedly connected to the outer structural box 4 to produce reciprocating motion, and the coil 6 cuts the magnetic lines of force to convert the vibration energy into electrical energy.

[0112] Further optimization of the solution for wind energy collection:

[0113] The available power of wind energy is:

[0114]

[0115] in:

[0116] P w is the available power of wind energy;

[0117] ρ is the air density;

[0118] R is the radius of the wind energy collecting blade 1;

[0119] C P is the power coefficient, which is 0.5;

[0120] V is the relative wind speed of the train;

[0121] The displacement and speed of the reciprocating motion of the suspension magnet 21 under the action of the top rod magnet 20 pushed by the eccentric wheel and the magnetic repulsion are:

[0122] z w (t)=r sin(ωt),

[0123] in:

[0124] z w (t) is the displacement of the reciprocating motion of the suspension magnet 21 under the action of wind energy;

[0125] is the reciprocating speed of the suspension magnet 21 under the action of wind energy;

[0126] r is the eccentric distance of the eccentric wheel, and the stroke is 2r;

[0127] ω is the angular velocity of the eccentric wheel,

[0128] The induced electromotive force generated is:

[0129] e w (t) = NK Φ rωcos(ωt)

[0130] in:

[0131] e w (t) is the induced electromotive force generated by wind energy;

[0132] N is the number of turns of the coil 6;

[0133] K Φ is the magnetic flux gradient of the suspension magnet 21;

[0134] Under the action of wind energy, the effective value of voltage is:

[0135]

[0136] in:

[0137] E w,rms is the effective value of voltage under wind energy;

[0138] Under the action of wind energy, the final output power is:

[0139]

[0140] in:

[0141] P w,out is the final output power under the action of wind energy;

[0142] R C is the resistance of coil 6;

[0143] R L is the load resistor, and the resistance value of the load can be customized according to working requirements.

[0144] Further optimization of the scheme for vibration energy collection:

[0145] The vibration excitation of the outer structure box 4 is:

[0146]

[0147] in:

[0148] y(t) is the vibration displacement of the outer structure box 4;

[0149] m is the equivalent mass of the suspension magnet 21;

[0150] c b is the equivalent damping coefficient;

[0151] kb is the magnetic levitation equivalent stiffness;

[0152] The vibration amplification factor is:

[0153]

[0154] in:

[0155] H(ω v ) is the vibration amplification factor;

[0156] ω n is the system's natural angular frequency;

[0157] ω v The 4th corner frequency of the outer structure box;

[0158] ζ is the damping ratio;

[0159] The displacement and speed of the suspension magnet 21 under vibration are:

[0160] z v (t)=H(ω v )Y sin(ω v t),

[0161] in:

[0162] z v (t) is the displacement of the suspension magnet 21 under vibration;

[0163] is the movement speed of the suspension magnet 21 under vibration;

[0164] Y is the peak value of the vibration displacement of the outer structure box 4;

[0165] Under the action of vibration, the induced electromotive force generated is:

[0166] e v (t) = NK Φ H(ω v )Yω v cos(ω v t)

[0167] in:

[0168] e v (t) is the induced electromotive force generated by vibration;

[0169] Under the action of vibration, the effective value of the voltage is:

[0170]

[0171] in:

[0172] E v,rms is the effective value of the voltage under vibration;

[0173] Under vibration, the output power is:

[0174]

[0175] in:

[0176] P v,out It is the induced electromotive force generated by vibration.

[0177] The energy-self-consistent railway train axle box status monitoring device provided by the present invention generates wind when the railway train is running. The wind energy collection blades 1 drive the eccentric wheel shaft to rotate by collecting wind energy, thereby pushing the top rod copper bolt 18 to drive the top rod magnet 20 to reciprocate in the magnetic levitation guide sleeve 13, and under the effect of like-pole repulsion, drive the suspension magnet 21 to reciprocate within the range of the copper coil 6. The coil 6 cuts the magnetic lines of force to generate an induced electromotive force.

[0178] The train will vibrate during its movement, and the external structural box 4 fixed on the train will transfer the vibration energy to the magnetic levitation guide sleeve 13 and its internal components. Under the action of inertia, the suspension magnet 21 will produce reciprocating motion, and the coil 6 will cut the magnetic lines of force, thereby generating an induced electromotive force.

[0179] Through the above-mentioned energy conversion mechanism, the wind energy generated and the dissipated vibration energy during the train's movement are converted into electrical energy. The coil 6 is connected to the energy capture port 27 on the energy management circuit 16 through a wire. The incoming AC power is converted into stable DC power through internal rectification, voltage stabilization and boosting of the energy management circuit 16 and stored in the battery / supercapacitor 14. The energy output port 26 on the energy management circuit 16 is connected to the sensing end energy port 25 on the sensing and transmission circuit 8. The energy management circuit 16 controls the charging and discharging of the battery / supercapacitor 14, and supplies energy to the sensing and transmission circuit 8, thereby achieving energy self-consistency at the sensing end.

[0180] The sensing and transmission circuit 8 integrates sensors such as acceleration, temperature, humidity, and position. Through edge algorithms and periodic timed tasks programmed by software inside the main control, it wakes up the sensing module within the predetermined task time, collects monitoring data of the railway train axle box, and pushes the data to the railway satellite via wireless communication. The railway satellite sends the results to the railway operation management system to clarify the operating status of the railway train axle box and respond in a timely manner.

[0181] The above are only preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or replacements that can be easily thought of by any technician familiar with this technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy-consistent railway train axle box status monitoring device, characterized in that: Including eccentric wheel assembly, magnetic levitation assembly, electrical assembly and external structure assembly; The outer structural assembly is used to provide support for the installation of the eccentric assembly, the magnetic levitation assembly and the electrical assembly; The eccentric wheel assembly is used to convert wind energy generated during the train's travel into mechanical energy; The magnetic levitation assembly is used to generate electricity through the mechanical energy converted by the eccentric wheel assembly and the vibration energy generated during the train's travel; The electrical component is integrated with a sensor for monitoring the operating status of the railway train axle box, and the electrical component is used to receive and conduct the electrical energy generated by the magnetic levitation component.

2. The energy self-consistent railway train axle box state monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer structure assembly comprises an upper shell cover (2), an outer structure box body (4) and an outer structure box cover (3); the upper shell cover (2) is mounted on the outer structure box body (4) via the outer structure box cover (3).

3. The energy self-consistent railway train axle box state monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The eccentric wheel assembly comprises a wind energy collecting blade (1), a shaft sleeve (17), a bearing (5), an eccentric wheel rotating shaft (10), an eccentric wheel shaft support frame (11) and a fixing bolt (12); the wind energy collecting blade (1) is mounted on one end of the eccentric wheel rotating shaft (10) via the shaft sleeve (17); the eccentric wheel rotating shaft (10) is connected to the eccentric wheel shaft support frame (11) via the bearing (5); the eccentric wheel shaft support frame (11) is fixedly connected to the outer structure box cover (3) via the fixing bolt (12); the eccentric wheel on the eccentric wheel rotating shaft (10) is in transmission cooperation with the magnetic levitation assembly.

4. The energy self-consistent railway train axle box state monitoring device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The magnetic levitation assembly comprises a magnetic levitation guide sleeve (13), a coil (6), a coil support frame (7), a top rod copper bolt (18), a top rod copper nut (19), a top rod magnet (20), a suspension magnet (21), a bottom copper bolt (22), a bottom magnet (23), and a bottom copper nut (24); The magnetic levitation guide sleeve (13) is fixedly arranged on the outer structure box cover (3), and the coil (6) is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the magnetic levitation guide sleeve (13) through the coil support frame (7); the bottom magnet (23) is fixedly installed on the outer structure box body (4) through the bottom copper bolt (22) and the bottom copper nut (24), and the bottom magnet (23), the suspension magnet (21) and the top rod magnet (20) are sequentially arranged on the magnetic levitation guide sleeve from bottom to top. In the cylinder (13), the suspension magnet (21) and the mandrel magnet (20) are both slidably matched with the magnetic levitation guide sleeve (13), the bottom magnet (23) and the suspension magnet (21) repel each other, and the suspension magnet (21) and the mandrel magnet (20) repel each other; the mandrel copper bolt (18) is fixed to the mandrel magnet (20) through the mandrel copper nut (19), and the top end of the mandrel copper bolt (18) is transmission-matched with the eccentric wheel on the eccentric wheel rotating shaft (10).

5. The energy self-consistent railway train axle box state monitoring device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The electrical assembly includes a sensing and transmission circuit (8), a first bolt group (9), a battery / supercapacitor (14), an energy management circuit (16) and a second bolt group (15); The sensing and transmission circuit (8) is fixedly connected to the upper shell cover (2) via the first bolt group (9), and the energy management circuit (16) is fixedly connected to the outer structural box (4) via the second bolt group (15). The energy management circuit (16) is used to control the charging and discharging of the battery / supercapacitor (14); The sensing end energy port (25) on the sensing and transmission circuit (8) is connected to the energy output port (26) on the energy management circuit (16), and the energy capture port (27) on the energy management circuit (16) is connected to the coil (6); the sensor is integrated on the sensing and transmission circuit (8).

6. The energy self-consistent railway train axle box state monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensors include an acceleration sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and a position sensor.

7. The energy self-consistent railway train axle box state monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The energy collection method using the energy self-consistent railway train axle box state monitoring device includes: For collecting wind energy, the wind energy collecting blades (1) in the eccentric assembly rotate under the influence of the wind energy generated by the train movement, the eccentric assembly drives the eccentric to rotate, the eccentric drives the top rod magnet (20) to reciprocate in the magnetic levitation guide sleeve (13), and drives the suspension magnet (21) to reciprocate under the action of magnetic repulsion, and the coil (6) cuts the magnetic flux lines to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy; For collecting vibration energy, the outer structural box (4) is fixed on the train. When the train vibrates, the suspension magnet (21) in the magnetic levitation guide sleeve (13) fixedly connected to the outer structural box (4) is driven to generate reciprocating motion, and the coil (6) cuts the magnetic flux lines to convert the vibration energy into electrical energy.

8. The energy self-consistent railway train axle box state monitoring device according to claim 7, characterized in that: For wind energy collection: The available power of wind energy is: in: P w is the available power of wind energy; ρ is the air density; R is the radius of the wind energy collecting blade (1); C P is the power coefficient, which is 0.5; V is the relative wind speed of the train; The displacement and speed of the reciprocating motion of the suspension magnet (21) under the action of the top rod magnet (20) pushed by the eccentric wheel and the magnetic repulsion are: in: z w (t) is the displacement of the reciprocating motion of the suspension magnet (21) under the action of wind energy; is the reciprocating speed of the suspended magnet (21) under the action of wind energy; r is the eccentricity of the eccentric wheel, and the stroke is 2r; ω is the angular velocity of the eccentric wheel, The induced electromotive force generated is: e w (t)=NK Φ rωcos(ωt) in: e w (t) is the induced electromotive force generated by wind energy; N is the number of turns of coil (6); K Φ is the magnetic flux gradient of the suspension magnet (21); Under the action of wind energy, the effective value of voltage is: in: E w,rms is the effective value of voltage under wind energy; Under the action of wind energy, the final output power is: in: P w,out is the final output power under the action of wind energy; R C is the resistance of coil (6); R L is the load resistor, and the resistance value of the load can be customized according to working requirements.

9. The energy self-consistent railway train axle box state monitoring device according to claim 7, characterized in that: For the collection of vibration energy: The vibration excitation of the outer structural box (4) is: in: y(t) is the vibration displacement of the outer structural box (4); m is the equivalent mass of the suspension magnet (21); c b is the equivalent damping coefficient; k b is the magnetic levitation equivalent stiffness; The vibration amplification factor is: in: H(ω v ) is the vibration amplification factor; ω n is the system's natural angular frequency; ω v is the angular frequency of the outer structural box (4); ζ is the damping ratio; The motion displacement and velocity of the suspension magnet (21) under vibration are: in: z v (t) is the displacement of the suspension magnet (21) under vibration; is the movement speed of the suspension magnet (21) under vibration; Y is the peak value of the vibration displacement of the outer structural box (4); Under the action of vibration, the induced electromotive force generated is: e v (t)=NK Φ H(ω v )Yo v cos(ω v t) in: e v (t) is the induced electromotive force generated by vibration; Under the action of vibration, the effective value of the voltage is: in: E v,rms is the effective value of the voltage under vibration; Under vibration, the output power is: in: P v,out It is the induced electromotive force generated by vibration.

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