Mining impact blast buffering device and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mine protection, in particular to a mine impact blast buffering device and method.The mine impact blast buffering device comprises mounting blocks arranged on the two sides of a mine roadway, a first rotating roller and a second rotating roller, and a plurality of sensors are arranged on the side, close to a working face, of a mine; sliding grooves are formed in the opposite surfaces of the two mounting blocks; a first buffer curtain is wound on the first rotating roller, a second buffer curtain is wound on the second rotating roller, and the second rotating roller and the second buffer curtain are both used for resisting air wave impact; and the sliding buffering assemblies are installed on the sliding grooves in a sliding mode correspondingly, and each sliding buffering assembly comprises a sliding module and a buffering driving module. Compared with the prior art, the sliding module is arranged to be matched with the fixed baffle, the telescopic baffle and the second buffering curtain, the buffering path is effectively prolonged, and passive and active response of air waves with different strengths is adapted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of nursing technology, and in particular to a mining impact air wave buffering device and method. Background Art

[0002] As mine depths continue to increase during underground mining, more and more mines are threatened by rock burst accidents. Most mines have goafs of considerable size. Instability in these goafs can easily lead to various safety incidents and cause rock bursts. Rock bursts occur when elastic strain accumulated in the coal and rock mass surrounding the mining face and roadways is released instantaneously. The enormous energy causes the coal and rock mass in the face and roadways to collapse and erupt. As the roof of the goaf collapses, the air within the goaf is compressed, and the compressed air escapes through the roadways connected to the goaf.

[0003] In the prior art, a Chinese patent document with publication number CN106870000B proposes a mine impact air wave buffer device and method, in which a buffer flow rotating column unit can generate directional rotational motion under the drive of a motor, and the directionally rotating rotating column can adjust the flow direction of the wind flow, and the rotational motion of the rotating column can dissipate part of the kinetic energy of the impact air wave, play a buffering role, and reduce the damage that the high-pressure and high-speed impact air wave can cause to the entire mine; and a Chinese patent document with publication number CN112253241B proposes an automatic buffering protection system for mine goaf collapse impact air waves. When the sensor senses the impact air wave, the processing and control device sends a signal, and the pop-up device is triggered through the trigger device, and the inner rod is popped out, and the top of the inner rod moves to the second side of the tunnel with the connection point of the buffer sail, so that the adapter installed at the top of the inner rod is connected to the receiving device, and the adapter falls off from the top of the inner rod and is connected to the damping device together with the receiving device. Since the buffer sail has two connection points connected to the damping device on the first side of the tunnel, it is carried by the inner rod. After the other two connection points on the second side are separated from the inner rod, they are connected to the damping device. When the air wave arrives, the buffer sail is blown up by the air wave, and the four connection points pull the damping device, which can consume the energy of the air wave. However, consistent with the traditional method, when a rock burst or sudden accident occurs in the mine, the power supply may be interrupted, and the gas source pressure fluctuates or even completely loses. This will cause the buffer device to be unable to start normally or maintain a working state, thereby losing its key protection function. In this state, it is difficult to respond automatically without power support, which greatly reduces the reliability and safety assurance capabilities of the system and increases the risk to the lives and property of miners. In addition, traditional buffer devices mostly use a single-layer protection structure with limited coverage and cannot form a complete space enclosure. This not only fails to effectively block the backflow airflow and complex air turbulence generated by the impact air wave, but also easily leaves a protection blind spot, causing the shock wave and secondary airflow to bypass the protection area, weakening the buffering effect, and increasing the risk of harm to the tunnel wall and personnel. Therefore, the present application discloses a mine impact air wave buffer device and method. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to propose a mine impact air wave buffer device and method to solve the problem that traditional buffer devices rely on external power and are mostly single-layer protection during mine impact ground pressure, are prone to failure and have many blind spots in protection, and are difficult to completely block impact air waves and backflow airflow, thereby reducing safety.

[0005] Based on the above objectives, the present invention provides a mine impact air wave buffer device and method, comprising mounting blocks arranged on both sides of a mine tunnel, and a first rotating roller and a second rotating roller arranged at the top of the mine tunnel, and a plurality of sensors are arranged on the side of the mine close to the working face, and the opposing surfaces of the two mounting blocks are provided with a slide groove;

[0006] A first buffer curtain is wound around the first rotating roller, and a second buffer curtain is wound around the second rotating roller. Both the second rotating roller and the second buffer curtain are used to resist the impact of air waves.

[0007] A sliding buffer assembly is respectively slidably mounted on the slide groove, and the sliding buffer assembly includes a sliding module and a buffer drive module. The sliding module is used to trigger sliding after receiving a signal, or to follow sliding after being impacted by an air wave. The buffer drive module is used to assist the second rotating roller and the second buffer curtain in air wave buffering.

[0008] Preferably, the mounting block is provided with a plurality of anchor rod mounting holes for anchoring with a plurality of anchor rods on the side wall of the tunnel, and the first rotating roller and the second rotating roller can be installed through an advance guide tube or anchor rods.

[0009] Preferably, the distance between the two mounting blocks is set to the clearance width of the tunnel, the first rotating roller and the second rotating roller are arranged one in front of the other, and the first rotating roller and the second rotating roller are both arranged on the tunnel arch, and the initial installation positions of the two mounting blocks and the first rotating roller and the second rotating roller need to retain working clearance, and the first rotating roller and the second rotating roller can change with the shape of the tunnel arch and can be set to a straight line or an arc shape.

[0010] Preferably, the sliding module includes a fixed block fixedly installed on one side of the mounting block, a starting rod fixedly installed on one side of the fixed block, a plurality of follower rods sliding on the slide groove, and a tail rod sliding on the slide groove. A plurality of sliding rods are provided on one side of the follower rods and the tail rod, and the follower rod and the tail rod both slide in the slide groove through the sliding rods.

[0011] Preferably, a first connecting plate is provided on both sides of several of the follower rods, and the two first connecting plates are staggered, and the first connecting plates on the two adjacent follower rods are staggered and rotatably connected to each other, and a second connecting plate is provided on one side of the starting rod and the tail rod, and the length of the second connecting plate is set to half of the first connecting plate, and the first connecting plates on the starting rod and the tail rod are respectively rotatably connected to one side of the second connecting plate on the adjacent follower rod, and the upper and lower ends of the follower rod are rotatably installed with the first linkage plate, and the first linkage plates on the two adjacent follower rods are rotatably connected to each other, and the upper and lower ends of the starting rod and the tail rod are rotatably installed with the second linkage plate, and the other side of the second linkage plate is rotatably connected to one side of the adjacent first linkage plate.

[0012] Preferably, a connecting block is sleeved on the middle part of the tail rod, and a fixed baffle is fixedly installed on one side of the connecting block. When the air wave hits the fixed baffle, the sliding module can drive it to slide and extend, or a cylinder or hydraulic cylinder is arranged on the side of the slide away from the fixed block, and its telescopic end is fixedly connected to the fixed baffle. After the sensor detects the air wave on the working surface, the sliding module is pulled to slide.

[0013] Preferably, the buffer drive module includes a plurality of telescopic baffles movably installed inside the fixed baffle, and the plurality of telescopic baffles are set according to the clearance width of the lane. A rotating screw is rotatably installed on one side of the fixed baffle, and the rotating screw is threadedly connected to the plurality of telescopic baffles. A fixed tooth plate is provided at the bottom of the slide groove, and a gear is fixedly installed on the side of the rotating screw away from the fixed baffle, and the gear is meshed with the fixed tooth plate. When the fixed baffle slides on the slide groove, the fixed tooth plate is meshed with the gear, driving the rotating screw to rotate, and then the telescopic baffle extends outward. A connecting ring is provided at a corner of the bottom of the telescopic baffle, and second connecting steel cables are provided on both sides of the bottom of the second buffer curtain, and the other ends of the two second connecting steel cables are respectively connected to the connecting rings on the two telescopic baffles.

[0014] Preferably, the buffer drive module also includes a movable tooth plate slidably installed on the top of the slide groove, one side of the movable tooth plate is set through one side of the mounting block, and the bottom of the movable tooth plate is also engaged with the gear. When the gear rotates, it will drive the movable tooth plate to move in the opposite direction. One end of the gear is also provided with a connecting ring, and first connecting steel cables are provided on both sides of the bottom of the first buffer curtain, and the other ends of the two first connecting steel cables are respectively connected to the connecting rings on the two movable tooth plates.

[0015] Preferably, when the first buffer curtain and the second buffer curtain are unfolded, the first buffer curtain is inclined toward the working surface and can only cover the top half of the working surface, and the second buffer curtain is inclined in the opposite direction of the working surface and can close most of the space in conjunction with the fixed baffle.

[0016] The present invention also discloses a mine-used impact air wave buffering method, which is applied to the above-mentioned mine-used impact air wave buffering device, and includes the following steps:

[0017] S1: The sensor detects the precursor of rock burst and sends a control signal;

[0018] S2: The sliding module slides and unfolds along the slide groove under the drive of the cylinder or the impact;

[0019] S3: The top movable tooth plate slides in the opposite direction as the gear rotates, pulling the steel cable to unfold the first buffer curtain, which obliquely covers the upper part of the working surface;

[0020] S4: The sliding movement drives the telescopic baffle to be pushed out, and the second buffer curtain is pulled in the opposite direction by the steel cable to close most of the space;

[0021] S5: Double-layer curtain fabric forms a composite protective structure to absorb and dissipate the impact energy of air waves;

[0022] S6: After the impact, the system can be reset manually or automatically and is ready for use again.

[0023] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0024] 1. This type of mining impact air wave buffer device and method is equipped with a sliding module to cooperate with a fixed baffle, a telescopic baffle and a second buffer curtain. When impact ground pressure occurs, the sliding module is controlled by a sensor or directly pushed by the impact air wave, causing the fixed baffle to slide along the slide groove, and the gear engages with the bottom tooth plate to drive the screw to rotate, thereby synchronously pushing the multiple telescopic baffles connected by threads to extend laterally, thereby expanding the protection coverage area. At the same time, the steel cable connected to the bottom of the telescopic baffle pulls the second buffer curtain to tilt and unfold in the opposite direction of the working surface, forming a large-area closed barrier. In this process, the sliding structure absorbs a large amount of initial kinetic energy to alleviate the impact intensity; and the continued sliding of the telescopic baffle provides secondary buffering energy consumption, effectively extending the buffering path. This combined structure not only adapts to the passive and active responses of air waves of different intensities, but also can operate stably in an environment without electricity or air, significantly improving the system's adaptability and protection reliability, and ensuring the safety of mine tunnels and personnel.

[0025] 2. This mining impact wave buffer device and method is provided with a sliding module, a movable tooth plate and a first buffer curtain. During the sliding process, the sliding module is driven by the meshing transmission of the bottom gear and the top movable tooth plate, so that the movable tooth plate slides synchronously in the opposite direction, and then pulls the first connecting steel cable connected thereto, and tilts and unfolds the first buffer curtain from the top of the tunnel toward the working face. This structure can quickly stretch the curtain without an additional power device, ensuring that an inclined first-layer protective barrier is formed before the initial arrival of the impact air wave, effectively absorbing and dissipating the initial impact force of the frontal air wave, reducing its direct threat to personnel and equipment, and ensuring that the sliding, unfolding and tensioning actions are carried out synchronously through mechanical linkage, thereby improving the response speed and deployment reliability, and providing the first line of active protection for the overall buffer system.

[0026] 3. This type of mining impact air wave buffering device and method is arranged at an angle through the first buffer curtain and the second buffer curtain. The first buffer curtain is pulled out by the top movable tooth plate through the steel cable, and is tilted and drooped toward the working face; the second buffer curtain is driven by the sliding of the bottom fixed baffle to expand the telescopic baffle, and is pulled by the steel cables on both sides to cover the opposite direction of the working face. The first buffer curtain mainly acts on the front impact air wave, blocking and dissipating most of the initial kinetic energy in advance; the second buffer curtain is arranged at a back-to-back angle to form a "broken line closed surface" with the baffle, effectively blocking the remaining shock wave and air turbulence. The combination of these two layers of structure constitutes a composite protection system with forward energy absorption and reverse closure, which can effectively deal with the dual threats of high-pressure air waves and backflow airflow generated by impact ground pressure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only for the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention after three-dimensional expansion;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cushion curtain after it is unfolded;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of the sliding buffer assembly of the present invention from a first perspective;

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of the sliding buffer assembly of the present invention from a second viewing angle;

[0034] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 A in the middle is an enlarged structural diagram;

[0035] Figure 8 This is a structural diagram of the sliding module of the present invention.

[0036] The following are marked in the figure:

[0037] 1. Mounting block; 2. Anchor rod mounting hole; 3. Slide groove; 4. Fixed block; 5. Starting rod; 6. Follower rod; 7. Tail rod; 8. First connecting plate; 9. Second connecting plate; 10. First linkage plate; 11. Second linkage plate; 12. Slide rod; 13. Connecting block; 14. Fixed baffle; 15. Telescopic baffle; 16. Rotating screw; 17. Fixed tooth plate; 18. Movable tooth plate; 19. Gear; 20. First rotating roller; 21. First buffer curtain; 22. First connecting steel cable; 23. Second rotating roller; 24. Second buffer curtain; 25. Second connecting steel cable; 26. Connecting ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0039] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in the present invention should have the usual meanings understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs. The "first", "second" and similar words used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Include" or "comprise" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0040] like Figures 1 to 8As shown, the impact air wave buffer device for mining includes mounting blocks 1 arranged on both sides of the mine tunnel and a first rotating roller 20 and a second rotating roller 23 arranged on the top of the mine tunnel, and a number of sensors are arranged on the side of the mine close to the working face, and a slide 3 is provided on the opposite sides of the two mounting blocks 1; a first buffer curtain 21 is wound around the first rotating roller 20, and a second buffer curtain 24 is wound around the second rotating roller 23, and the second rotating roller 23 and the second buffer curtain 24 are both used to resist the impact of air waves; a sliding buffer assembly, the sliding buffer assembly is respectively slidably mounted on the slide 3, and the sliding buffer assembly includes a sliding module and a buffer drive module, the sliding module is used to trigger sliding after receiving a signal, or to follow-up sliding after being impacted by an air wave, and the buffer The impulse drive module is used to assist the second rotating roller 23 and the second buffer curtain 24 in air wave buffering, wherein a plurality of anchor rod mounting holes 2 are provided on the mounting block 1 for anchoring and mounting with a plurality of anchor rods on the side wall of the tunnel. The first rotating roller 20 and the second rotating roller 23 can be installed through an advance guide tube or an anchor rod. The distance between the two mounting blocks 1 is set to the tunnel clearance width. The first rotating roller 20 and the second rotating roller 23 are arranged one after the other, and the first rotating roller 20 and the second rotating roller 23 are both arranged on the tunnel vault. The initial installation positions of the two mounting blocks 1 and the first rotating roller 20 and the second rotating roller 23 need to retain working clearance. The first rotating roller 20 and the second rotating roller 23 can change with the shape of the tunnel vault and can be set to a straight line or an arc shape.

[0041] After the impact air wave buffer device is arranged in the mine tunnel, when the goaf collapses or impact ground pressure is about to occur, the sensors arranged near the working face (such as high-sensitivity air pressure sensors and acoustic emission sensors) will first detect the precursors (such as rapid increase in air pressure, strong micro-seismic signals, etc.), trigger the buffer drive module, and start the sliding buffer component to drive the first rotating roller 20 and the second rotating roller 23 to quickly release the wrapped first buffer curtain 21 and the second buffer curtain 24. The first buffer curtain 21 is first deployed to form a front protective surface for preliminarily reducing and guiding air waves; then the main buffer curtain is fully deployed to form a complete The closed or semi-closed structure can resist the main pressure of the shock wave. If the system fails to release the curtain in advance before the impact, the sliding buffer component will be passively triggered to slide when the air wave directly impacts it, and the slide groove 3 will buffer the movement to absorb part of the kinetic energy. At the same time, the buffer curtain will be rapidly unfolded under the action of tension and inertia, blocking and dissipating the energy of the air wave. The entire buffering process is stabilized by the anchor rod fixing structure to prevent the device from falling off. After completing a buffering, the system can be manually reset or automatically reeled back to prepare for the next use. In this way, even if a severe impact occurs, it can effectively absorb and divert energy in the local area, reducing the risk of tunnel structure damage and casualties.

[0042] like Figure 1 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 8 As shown, the sliding module includes a fixed block 4 fixedly mounted on one side of the mounting block 1, a starting rod 5 fixedly mounted on one side of the fixed block 4, a number of follower rods 6 sliding on the slide groove 3 and a tail rod 7 sliding on the slide groove 3, a number of slide rods 12 are provided on one side of the follower rods 6 and the tail rod 7, the follower rods 6 and the tail rod 7 both slide in the slide groove 3 through the slide rod 12, a first connecting plate 8 is provided on both sides of the follower rods 6, and the two first connecting plates 8 are staggered, and the first connecting plates 8 on the two adjacent follower rods 6 are staggered and rotatably connected to each other, a second connecting plate 9 is provided on one side of the starting rod 5 and the tail rod 7, and the length of the second connecting plate 9 is set to half of the first connecting plate 8, and the first connecting plates 8 on the starting rod 5 and the tail rod 7 are respectively connected to the adjacent follower rods 6. One side of the second connecting plate 9 on the upper and lower ends of the follower rod 6 is rotatably connected, and the upper and lower ends of the follower rod 6 are rotatably installed with the first linkage plate 10. The first linkage plates 10 on the two adjacent follower rods 6 are rotatably connected to each other, and the upper and lower ends of the starting rod 5 and the tail rod 7 are rotatably installed with the second linkage plate 11. The other side of the second linkage plate 11 is rotatably connected to one side of the adjacent first linkage plate 10. A connecting block 13 is sleeved on the middle part of the tail rod 7, and a fixed baffle 14 is fixedly installed on one side of the connecting block 13. The sliding module can drive it to slide and extend when the air wave hits the fixed baffle 14, or a cylinder or hydraulic cylinder is set on the side of the slide 3 away from the fixed block 4, and its telescopic end is fixedly connected to the fixed baffle 14. After the sensor detects the air wave on the working surface, the sliding module is pulled to slide;

[0043] When the working face or goaf sensor (such as air pressure sensor or acoustic emission sensor) detects the precursor signal of impact ground pressure (such as rising air pressure, micro-seismic waves, etc.), the system immediately starts the air cylinder or hydraulic cylinder located at the far end of the slide 3, the cylinder extends, and pulls the fixed baffle 14 connected to it. The fixed baffle 14 pushes the connecting block 13 mounted on the tail rod 7, thereby driving the entire sliding module to slide and unfold along the direction of the slide 3. The starting rod 5 remains stationary. At its reference position, multiple follower rods 6 begin to slide synchronously under the guidance of the slide rod 12. The staggered first connecting plate 8 and the second connecting plates 9 at both ends allow each rod member to rotate and adjust the angle flexibly during the sliding process, ensuring a smooth sliding path. At the same time, the first linkage plate 10 and the second linkage plate 11 arranged above and below provide structural synchronization linkage to ensure sliding at the upper and lower ends. Coordination, no distortion of the structure, keeping the curtain force evenly distributed, and finally, the second buffer curtain 24 on the second rotating roller 23 is driven to automatically unfold, forming a covering structure on the cross section of the tunnel to meet the upcoming impact wave. If the impact comes very quickly and fails to be extended in advance by the cylinder, when the impact wave hits the fixed baffle 14, the impact force is used to push the fixed baffle 14 to slide, and the connecting block 13 drives the tail rod 7 to move, and the subsequent follower rods 6 are started in sequence. Under the action of the multi-rod linkage structure, the sliding and unfolding actions are automatically completed to achieve passive buffering response. During the entire process of air wave impact, the sliding module can adjust the unfolding speed and stroke according to the size of the impact force. The sliding structure absorbs a large amount of kinetic energy to prevent the impact force from directly acting on the tunnel wall or personnel. After the impact is over, the system can be manually or automatically reset to prepare for the next response.

[0044] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, the buffer drive module includes a plurality of telescopic baffles 15 movably installed inside the fixed baffle 14, and the plurality of telescopic baffles 15 are set according to the clearance width of the lane. A rotating screw rod 16 is rotatably installed on one side of the fixed baffle 14, and the rotating screw rod 16 is threadedly connected to the plurality of telescopic baffles 15. A fixed tooth plate 17 is provided at the bottom of the slide 3, and a gear 19 is fixedly installed on the side of the rotating screw rod 16 away from the fixed baffle 14. The gear 19 is engaged with the fixed tooth plate 17. When the fixed baffle 14 slides on the slide 3, the fixed tooth plate 17 is engaged with the gear 19, driving the rotating screw rod 16 to rotate, thereby extending the telescopic baffle 15 outward. A connecting ring 26 is provided at one corner of the bottom of the telescopic baffle 15, and second connecting steel cables 25 are provided on both sides of the bottom of the second buffer curtain 24. The other ends of the two second connecting steel cables 25 are respectively connected to the connecting rings 26 on the two telescopic baffles 15;

[0045] In the mine tunnel, once the device is activated by an early warning from the sensor, or the sliding module is triggered by the direct impact of the air wave, the entire sliding structure located in the fixed baffle 14 begins to slide forward in the slide 3. During the sliding process, the gear 19 at the bottom of the fixed baffle 14 engages with the toothed plate fixed at the bottom of the slide 3. As the sliding advances, the gear 19 rotates, thereby driving the rotating screw 16 coaxially connected thereto to rotate. When the screw rotates, since it is threadedly connected to several telescopic baffles 15, the rotational motion will be converted into a linear pushing action of the telescopic baffle 15. The telescopic baffle 15 is gradually pushed out from the inside of the fixed baffle 14 to both sides of the tunnel, and a slow and stable extension is achieved according to the sliding distance and the screw pitch. As the telescopic baffle 15 is extended, its bottom The connecting ring 26 simultaneously pulls the connected second connecting steel cable 25, and the other end of the steel cable is connected to both sides of the bottom of the second buffer curtain 24. The steel cable is tensioned, prompting the buffer curtain to be quickly and evenly stretched outward to form a covering protective barrier on the tunnel section. This process is completely dependent on the sliding drive and mechanical conversion structure. It can be reliably executed even in extreme mining environments without electricity and gas. When the impact air wave pushes the entire system to slide, the curtain is automatically pulled out, tensioned, and shaped to form protection. If the impact is strong, the curtain is still affected by the shock wave after it is unfolded. The telescopic baffle 15 structure can continue to slide and buffer due to the threaded connection, forming "secondary energy consumption", further reducing the impact intensity. This sliding + stretching + multi-stage energy consumption improves the response speed and buffering capacity of the system.

[0046] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, the buffer drive module also includes a movable tooth plate 18 slidably mounted on the top of the slide 3. One side of the movable tooth plate 18 is set through one side of the mounting block 1. The bottom of the movable tooth plate 18 is also engaged with the gear 19. When the gear 19 rotates, it will drive the movable tooth plate 18 to move in the opposite direction. One end of the gear 19 is also provided with a connecting ring 26. Both sides of the bottom of the first buffer curtain 21 are provided with first connecting steel cables 22. The other ends of the two first connecting steel cables 22 are respectively connected to the connecting rings 26 on the two movable tooth plates 18.

[0047] When the sensor detects the air wave or the sliding module is passively triggered, the fixed baffle 14 slides forward in the slide groove 3, and the gear 19 at the bottom of the fixed baffle 14 meshes with the fixed tooth plate 17 below and rotates passively. At the same time, the upper end of this gear 19 also meshes with the movable tooth plate 18 at the top of the slide groove 3. Since the gear 19 is an intermediate shaft and the tooth plates are relative, the movable tooth plate 18 will slide in the opposite direction accordingly. The sliding movable tooth plate 18 pulls the first connecting steel cable 22 through the connecting ring 26 connected to it. The other end of the steel cable is connected to the bottom of both sides of the first buffer curtain 21, so that the curtain is unfolded downward as the tooth plate slides, and is tilted from the top of the tunnel to the working surface. Since the sliding path of the movable tooth plate 18 is limited, the unfolding angle is controlled. Finally, the first buffer curtain 21 is in a suspended state tilted toward the working surface, covering the top half area, which can effectively alleviate the initial impact of the oncoming air wave, form the first protective barrier, and absorb the shock wave of the front section;

[0048] When the first buffer curtain 21 and the second buffer curtain 24 are unfolded, the first buffer curtain 21 is inclined toward the working surface and can only cover the top half of the working surface, while the second buffer curtain 24 is inclined in the opposite direction to the working surface and cooperates with the fixed baffle 14 to close most of the space.

[0049] The two buffer curtains are deployed by independent driving systems: the first buffer curtain 21 is pulled out by the top movable tooth plate 18 through the steel cable, and tilts downward toward the working surface; the second buffer curtain 24 is deployed by the sliding of the telescopic baffle 15 through the bottom fixed baffle 14, and is pulled by the steel cables on both sides, tilting and covering in the opposite direction of the working surface. The first buffer curtain 21 mainly acts on the frontal impact air wave, blocking and dissipating most of the initial kinetic energy in advance; the second buffer curtain 24 is arranged in a back-to-back tilt, forming a "broken line closed surface" with the baffle, effectively blocking the remaining shock wave and air turbulence. The combination of these two layers of structure constitutes a composite protection system with forward energy absorption and reverse closure, which can effectively deal with the dual threats of high-pressure air waves and backflow airflow generated by impact ground pressure.

[0050] The present invention also discloses a mine-used impact air wave buffering method, which is applied to the above-mentioned mine-used impact air wave buffering device, and includes the following steps:

[0051] S1: The sensor detects the precursor of rock burst and sends a control signal;

[0052] S2: The sliding module slides and unfolds along the slide groove 3 under the drive of the cylinder or the impact push;

[0053] S3: The top movable tooth plate 18 rotates and slides in the opposite direction with the gear 19, pulling the steel cable to unfold the first buffer curtain 21, which obliquely covers the upper part of the working surface;

[0054] S4: The sliding movement drives the telescopic baffle 15 to be pushed out, and the second buffer curtain 24 is pulled in the opposite direction by the steel cable to expand, thus closing most of the space;

[0055] S5: Double-layer curtain fabric forms a composite protective structure to absorb and dissipate the impact energy of air waves;

[0056] S6: After the impact is over, the system can be reset manually or automatically and is ready for use again;

[0057] Compared with the existing technology, the mine impact air wave buffering method of the present invention uses sensors to provide early warning, realizes active or passive sliding and expansion of the sliding module, and cooperates with the top movable tooth plate 18 and the telescopic baffle 15 to synchronously stretch the double-layer buffer curtain to form a comprehensive composite protection structure, effectively absorbing and dissipating the energy of the impact air wave, significantly improving the protection efficiency and response speed. This method does not require reliance on an external power source and has the ability to adapt to an environment without electricity and gas, ensuring stable and reliable operation of the system. At the same time, the double-layer curtain structure effectively blocks the impact air wave and its backflow airflow, fills the protection blind spot, and improves the safety level of mine personnel and facilities. It can be quickly reset after the impact, is suitable for repeated use, and enhances the overall safety protection performance.

[0058] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely illustrative and is not intended to imply that the scope of the present invention (including the claims) is limited to these examples. Within the scope of the present invention, the technical features in the above embodiments or different embodiments may be combined, the steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the present invention as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of simplicity.

[0059] The present invention is intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications and variations that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mining impact wave buffer device, characterized in that: include: Mounting blocks (1) are arranged on both sides of a mine tunnel, and a first rotating roller (20) and a second rotating roller (23) are arranged on the top of the mine tunnel. A plurality of sensors are arranged on the side of the mine close to the working surface. The opposite surfaces of the two mounting blocks (1) are provided with a slide groove (3). A first buffer curtain (21) is wound around the first rotating roller (20), and a second buffer curtain (24) is wound around the second rotating roller (23). Both the second rotating roller (23) and the second buffer curtain (24) are used to resist the impact of air waves. A sliding buffer assembly is slidably mounted on the slide groove (3), and the sliding buffer assembly includes a sliding module and a buffer drive module. The sliding module is used to trigger sliding after receiving a signal, or to follow sliding after being impacted by an air wave. The buffer drive module is used to assist the second rotating roller (23) and the second buffer curtain (24) in performing air wave buffering.

2. The mining impact wave buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting block (1) is provided with a plurality of anchor rod mounting holes (2) for anchoring with a plurality of anchor rods on the side wall of the tunnel. The first rotating roller (20) and the second rotating roller (23) can be mounted via an advance guide tube or an anchor rod.

3. The mining impact wave buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the two mounting blocks (1) is set to the clearance width of the tunnel, the first rotating roller (20) and the second rotating roller (23) are arranged one in front of the other, and the first rotating roller (20) and the second rotating roller (23) are both arranged on the tunnel arch, the initial installation positions of the two mounting blocks (1) and the first rotating roller (20) and the second rotating roller (23) need to retain working clearance, and the first rotating roller (20) and the second rotating roller (23) can change with the shape of the tunnel arch and can be set to a straight line or an arc shape.

4. The mining impact wave buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding module comprises a fixed block (4) fixedly mounted on one side of the mounting block (1), a starting rod (5) fixedly mounted on one side of the fixed block (4), a plurality of follower rods (6) sliding on the slide groove (3), and a tail rod (7) sliding on the slide groove (3); a plurality of sliding rods (12) are provided on one side of the plurality of follower rods (6) and the tail rod (7); and the follower rods (6) and the tail rod (7) both slide in the slide groove (3) through the sliding rods (12).

5. The mining impact air wave buffer device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A first connecting plate (8) is provided on both sides of the plurality of follower rods (6), and the two first connecting plates (8) are staggered. The first connecting plates (8) on the two adjacent follower rods (6) are staggered and rotatably connected to each other. A second connecting plate (9) is provided on one side of the starting rod (5) and the tail rod (7). The length of the second connecting plate (9) is set to half of the first connecting plate (8). The first connecting plates (8) on the starting rod (5) and the tail rod (7) are respectively rotatably connected to one side of the second connecting plate (9) on the adjacent follower rod (6). The upper and lower ends of the follower rod (6) are rotatably mounted with a first linkage plate (10). The first linkage plates (10) on the two adjacent follower rods (6) are rotatably connected to each other. The upper and lower ends of the starting rod (5) and the tail rod (7) are rotatably mounted with a second linkage plate (11). The other side of the second linkage plate (11) is respectively rotatably connected to one side of the adjacent first linkage plate (10).

6. The mining impact wave buffer device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The middle part of the tail rod (7) is sleeved with a connecting block (13), and a fixed baffle (14) is fixedly installed on one side of the connecting block (13). When the air wave hits the fixed baffle (14), the sliding module can be driven to slide and extend, or a cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder is set on the side of the slide groove (3) away from the fixed block (4), and its telescopic end is fixedly connected to the fixed baffle (14). After the sensor detects the air wave on the working surface, the sliding module is pulled to slide.

7. The mining impact wave buffer device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The buffer drive module comprises a plurality of telescopic baffles (15) movably mounted inside the fixed baffle (14), wherein the plurality of telescopic baffles (15) are set according to the clearance width of the lane, a rotating screw (16) is rotatably mounted on one side of the fixed baffle (14), and the rotating screw (16) is threadedly connected to the plurality of telescopic baffles (15), a fixed tooth plate (17) is provided at the bottom of the slide groove (3), and a gear (19) is fixedly mounted on the side of the rotating screw (16) away from the fixed baffle (14), and the gear (19) is connected to the fixed baffle (14). The fixed tooth plate (17) is engaged with the fixed baffle (14), and when the fixed baffle (14) slides on the slide groove (3), the fixed tooth plate (17) is engaged with the gear (19), driving the rotating screw rod (16) to rotate, and then the telescopic baffle (15) extends outward, and a connecting ring (26) is provided at a corner of the bottom of the telescopic baffle (15), and second connecting steel cables (25) are provided on both sides of the bottom of the second buffer curtain (24), and the other ends of the two second connecting steel cables (25) are respectively connected to the connecting rings (26) on the two telescopic baffles (15).

8. The mining impact wave buffer device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The buffer drive module also includes a movable tooth plate (18) slidably mounted on the top of the slide groove (3), one side of the movable tooth plate (18) is set through one side of the mounting block (1), and the bottom of the movable tooth plate (18) is also engaged with the gear (19). When the gear (19) rotates, it will drive the movable tooth plate (18) to move in the opposite direction. One end of the gear (19) is also provided with a connecting ring (26), and first connecting steel cables (22) are provided on both sides of the bottom of the first buffer curtain (21), and the other ends of the two first connecting steel cables (22) are respectively connected to the connecting rings (26) on the two movable tooth plates (18).

9. The mining impact air wave buffer device according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the first buffer curtain (21) and the second buffer curtain (24) are unfolded, the first buffer curtain (21) is inclined toward the working surface and can only cover the top half of the working surface, while the second buffer curtain (24) is inclined in the opposite direction to the working surface and can close most of the space in conjunction with the fixed baffle (14).

10. A mine impact air wave buffering method, applied to the mine impact air wave buffering device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: The sensor detects the precursor of rock burst and sends a control signal; S2: The sliding module slides and unfolds along the slide groove (3) under the drive of the cylinder or the impact push; S3: The top movable tooth plate (18) rotates and slides in the opposite direction with the gear (19), pulling the steel cable to unfold the first buffer curtain (21), which obliquely covers the upper part of the working surface; S4: The sliding movement drives the telescopic baffle (15) to be pushed out, and the second buffer curtain (24) is pulled in the opposite direction by the steel cable to close most of the space; S5: Double-layer curtain fabric forms a composite protective structure to absorb and dissipate the impact energy of air waves; S6: After the impact, the system can be reset manually or automatically and is ready for use again.

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