Fan hoisting method

Abstract

The invention discloses a fan hoisting method, belongs to the technical field of installation of wind power generation equipment, and mainly solves the problems of blade swing and misalignment of butt joint caused by wind load during high-altitude step-by-step hoisting. According to the technical scheme, the method comprises the steps that a ground pre-assembled cabin assembly is hoisted to the tower top; independently mounting the hub and locking the first interface; after the first blade is hoisted, according to a formula: counterweight mass = blade mass * distance between the gravity center of the blade and the center of the hub * cos elevation angle / counterweight mounting radius, calculating the mass of a counterweight block, and mounting the counterweight block at 120-degree symmetric positions of a hub flange; the hub is rotated by 120 degrees at the angular speed ranging from 0.3 degree / s to 0.5 degree / s, and the second connector is locked; the pose of the second blade is controlled through laser reference and hydraulic compensation until the axial deviation is smaller than or equal to 0.5 mm and the flatness is smaller than or equal to 0.05 mm / 100 mm; and repeating the process to complete installation of the third blade. The method is used for improving the high-altitude hoisting precision and the wind load resistance of the large fan.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wind power generation equipment installation, and in particular to a wind turbine hoisting method. Background Art

[0002] The hoisting of large wind turbines presents significant challenges. As turbines grow in size, blade length increases significantly. The traditional method of ground assembly followed by hoisting results in an excessively large wind-exposed area for the hub-blade assembly. Lateral wind loads in the high-altitude working area cause significant oscillation of the blade tips, increasing the risk of impact with the tower and subjecting the tower to excessive bending moment loads. This situation forces strict wind speed limits during construction, severely restricting effective working time.

[0003] During the step-by-step hoisting process, the dynamic stability of the installed components became a prominent issue. When only a single blade was installed, the hub system generated a continuous overturning moment due to the uneven mass distribution. Existing counterweight balancing methods use a fixed mass configuration, making it difficult to adapt to the real-time position changes of the blades caused by varying wind loads. The blade axis angle shifted with wind speed fluctuations, affecting the counterweight balancing effect. This in turn caused the hub rotation drive system to frequently trigger overload protection, resulting in a decrease in angular positioning accuracy.

[0004] The high precision of blades severely impacts the environment's perturbations. Flange docking requires strict control of positioning deviation and flatness, but high-altitude turbulence can cause low-frequency oscillations in hoisted blades. Conventional hydraulic stabilization platforms are inadequate in suppressing vibrations in specific frequency bands. Dynamic offsets cause lags in laser positioning system measurement data, impacting real-time adjustments.

[0005] Sudden wind disturbances pose operational risks. Localized strong vortices frequently occur in the lifting area, and their rapid generation and dissipation exceed the capabilities of conventional monitoring and response. Existing technologies rely on post-braking mechanisms, which can cause angular drift in the hub during the response delay, placing abnormal stress on connected components. Flange interfaces present a risk of damage under these conditions.

[0006] The reliability of the sealing structure under dynamic operating conditions urgently needs to be addressed. The hub-nacelle flange surface experiences axial displacement fluctuations during hoisting vibrations, and traditional sealing materials are prone to permanent deformation under alternating loads. Industry practice shows that the hoisting phase is a high-risk period for seal failure, which can lead to subsequent operational problems.

[0007] These technical difficulties are interrelated: wind-induced vibration reduces installation accuracy, which in turn prolongs overhead work time, which in turn increases the likelihood of encountering unexpected wind conditions. Previous attempts at improvement have primarily focused on increasing material specifications or increasing safety margins, but have failed to establish a fundamental, systematic solution. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The present invention provides a wind turbine hoisting method designed to address the problem of misalignment caused by blade swing due to wind load during the high-altitude, step-by-step hoisting of large wind turbines. Conventional overall hoisting methods, with their excessively large wind-exposed area, force the operating wind speed threshold to be too low, prolonging the construction period. To overcome the vortex-induced vibration of installed blades during hub rotation, conventional counterweights are unable to suppress random vibrations caused by unsteady aerodynamic loads. To eliminate the risk of cable entanglement in the external power supply of the plasma actuator, fluctuations in the output of the piezoelectric material in high-altitude environments affect excitation stability. To prevent performance degradation of the piezoelectric fiber layer due to long-term operation of the plasma actuator, forced air cooling is inefficient within a closed chamber. To address the failure of the hub-nacelle flange seal under hoisting vibration, the rubber seal has a high permanent deformation rate after alternating compression. To address the problem of flange microcracks requiring interruption of hoisting for repair, conventional non-destructive testing cannot achieve in-situ repair. To address hub rotation instability caused by sudden strong vortices, weather forecasts cannot respond in real time to second-level wind field changes. To suppress lateral wear of the piston rod of a magnetorheological damper under dynamic wind loads, a fixed current mode exacerbates the risk of resonance. To prevent structural damage caused by emergency braking under continuous torsion conditions, conventional locking operations result in plastic deformation of the bolts.

[0009] In order to achieve these purposes and other advantages according to the present invention, a method for hoisting a wind turbine is provided, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Pre-assemble the transmission chain, nacelle, and generator on the ground to form an integrated nacelle assembly; Step 2: hoist the entire nacelle assembly to the top of the tower and fix it; Step 3: Lift the wheel hub to the side of the nacelle assembly and adjust the wheel hub so that the first interface is locked horizontally; Step 4: Horizontally hoist the first blade, insert it into the first interface of the hub and secure it; Step 5: Perform the first rotation of the hub and install the counterweight block at a symmetrical position of 120° from the hub flange to the first blade. The mass of the counterweight block is calculated according to the formula Calculation, where the elevation angle refers to the angle between the blade axis and the horizontal plane, which is measured in real time by a dual-axis inclination sensor installed on the hub flange surface; The driving hub rotates 120° in the same direction to lock the second interface horizontally, with an angular speed of 0.3° / s to 0.5° / s; Step 6: Install the second blade by projecting a cross laser reference from the end face of the second hub interface. Horizontally lift the second blade and insert it into the second hub interface, and detect deviations using four laser receivers at the root of the second blade. Then, perform four-degree-of-freedom compensation using a hydraulic compensation platform, adjusting the second blade's position in real time to ensure that the axial positioning deviation is ≤0.5mm and the flange flatness deviation is ≤0.05mm / 100mm. Step 7: Perform the second rotation of the hub, remove the counterweight corresponding to the first blade, and install the new counterweight with the recalculated weight at a symmetrical position 120° from the hub flange to the second blade; drive the hub to rotate 120° in the same direction to lock the third interface horizontally; Step 8. Execute the third blade installation operation, project a cross laser reference from the end face of the third interface of the hub; horizontally lift the third blade and insert it into the third interface of the hub, and detect the deviation through the four laser receivers at the root of the third blade; repeat the hydraulic compensation process of step 6.

[0010] Preferably, in the wind turbine hoisting method of the present invention, step five and step seven further include: Inject a mixture of argon and helium in a volume ratio of 3:1 into the chamber of the currently installed blade; Plasma actuator arrays are arranged at 10% of the length of the leading edge of these blades; When the real-time wind speed is ≥ 70% of the rated wind speed, the plasma actuator is activated to generate an ion wind with an angle of 18±2° to the main wind direction; Dynamically adjust the gas pressure so that the standard deviation of the pressure pulsation on the blade surface is ≤30% of the initial value.

[0011] Preferably, in the wind turbine hoisting method of the present invention, A piezoelectric fiber layer is embedded in the wall of the blade chamber, which is composed of orthogonally woven lead zirconate titanate fibers with a diameter of 50 μm and 16% carbon nanotubes by mass. The piezoelectric fiber layer is connected to a bridge rectifier circuit to preferentially supply power to the plasma actuator; When the output voltage is less than 75% of the rated voltage of the plasma actuator, the external power supply is switched to make up the difference.

[0012] Preferably, in the wind turbine hoisting method of the present invention, The surface of the piezoelectric fiber layer is covered with a 0.12mm thick yttria-stabilized zirconia ceramic layer; The ceramic layer surface is laser-etched with a regular hexagonal through-hole array with a pore diameter of 90±8μm and a hole center distance of 110μm; When the plasma is activated, the mixed gas flows through the through hole to form a cooling vortex, and the flow rate is 18% of the plasma jet velocity; The temperature T of the ceramic layer is monitored in real time by infrared. If the local temperature is greater than 180°C, the air flow velocity is increased by a micro piezoelectric pump to reduce the temperature to below 160°C. The flow rate increment percentage △v is calculated according to the formula △v=0.15(T-180).

[0013] Preferably, in the wind turbine hoisting method of the present invention, after step 3, A nickel-titanium alloy sealing ring is pre-placed in the annular gap formed by the butt joint of the hub flange and the nacelle flange. The axial width of the gap is 1.0±0.2mm, and the radial depth is equal to the difference between the outer diameter of the flange and the diameter of the bolt hole distribution circle. The sealing ring has 24 resistance heating units evenly distributed around the circumference; Before the wheel hub is rotated, it is heated to 62±2℃, so that the sealing ring shrinks to a working thickness of 0.90±0.03mm due to shape memory transformation of the austenite phase; A laser rangefinder is used to monitor the gap width in real time at 8 positions evenly distributed around the flange circumference. If the width difference between any two points is greater than 0.02 mm, the heating unit power in the corresponding area is adjusted by ±10% to ensure that the circumferential deviation is ≤ 0.02 mm.

[0014] Preferably, in the wind turbine hoisting method of the present invention, Gradiently distributed microcapsules are embedded in the sealing ring. The density of microcapsules in the inner edge area of ​​the hub flange within 50mm from the center of the bolt hole is 150 per cm³. The density of microcapsules in the outer edge area of ​​the hub flange, 50-150 mm from the center of the bolt hole, is 80 per cm³; Microcapsules containing indium gallium tin alloy repair agent and lead zirconate titanate nanoparticles; When ultrasonic testing detects a crack depth ≥ 0.1 mm in the hub flange area, a 205 kHz alternating electric field is applied to the target crack area to release the repair agent.

[0015] Preferably, in the wind turbine hoisting method of the present invention, During the wind turbine installation process, a Doppler lidar is installed on the tower top to scan the three-dimensional wind field within a radius of 120m centered on the installation point in real time. The vortex intensity index is calculated based on the scan data: Vortex intensity index = (vortex radius × tangential velocity) / (turbulence intensity × hub diameter) The vortex radius refers to the distance from the maximum velocity point of the rotating airflow to the vortex center; the vortex tangential velocity refers to the maximum wind speed value in the vortex circumference; the turbulence intensity is defined as the ratio of the standard deviation of wind speed to the average wind speed in a 10-minute period according to the IEC 61400-1 standard; the hub diameter is the design value of the current model; When the vortex intensity index > 1.5 and the turbulence intensity ≥ 0.15 are satisfied at the same time, the target damper in the magnetorheological damping system integrated at the hub flange is activated; the system includes at least 4 groups of circumferentially evenly distributed dampers, and the damper piston rod is directly connected to the prefabricated interface on the back of the hub flange through a universal joint; the target damper number is based on the formula Determine, where the azimuth angle starts at due north at 0° and increases clockwise to 360°; Input current I to the target damper to generate a maximum damping force of 8000 N·s / m. The current is calculated in sections according to the wind speed V at the vortex center: At the same time, adjust the hub so that the chord line of the installed blade maintains an angle of 45±3° with the vortex movement direction.

[0016] Preferably, in the wind turbine hoisting method of the present invention, After the damper is activated, the wind speed signal and the signal from the six-dimensional force sensor installed on the end of the damper's piston rod are collected synchronously through the lidar. The six-dimensional sensor has a sampling rate of 2000 Hz and a sampling time window of no less than 10 gust cycles. Real-time calculation of normal force , if F n >100N, then a compensation current I is generated c : Where f is the dominant frequency of the gust, Φ is the phase lag angle of the force signal relative to the wind speed signal, calculated by fast Fourier transform; Will I c Superimposed on the original input current I; Real-time calculation of the ratio of tangential force to normal force If the ratio is greater than 0.75 for 2 consecutive seconds, the wheel rotation is stopped immediately and the rotation direction is forcibly reversed by 10°.

[0017] Preferably, in the wind turbine hoisting method of the present invention, if the ratio of the tangential resultant force to the normal resultant force is still greater than 0.8 and lasts for 1 second after the reversal operation, the following steps are performed: Immediately stops rotation and mechanically locks the hub; Release the bolt preload of the hub and nacelle connection flange to 50% of the initial preload design value; Activate all magnetorheological dampers to the maximum damping state, input current 5A; The safety status is maintained for 600 seconds and then automatically released. The following operations are executed in sequence: the bolt preload is restored to 100% of the initial preload design value; the input current of all dampers is reset to 0.2A; and the wheel hub rotation angle calibration is restarted with a calibration accuracy of no more than 0.1°.

[0018] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. Reduce the single wind-exposed area through a step-by-step lifting strategy and use the dynamic counterweight formula Real-time correction of wind load torque increases the safe operating wind speed threshold under typical operating conditions by approximately 33% (from 6 m / s to 8 m / s). The combination of laser positioning and hydraulic compensation reduces docking adjustment time by over 40%, while the angular velocity of 0.3-0.5° / s avoids the tower's natural frequency range.

[0019] 2. A 3:1 argon-helium mixture reduces chamber gas density. The plasma actuator generates an 18° ion wind at a wind speed ≥70% of the rated value, disrupting flow separation. The standard deviation of pressure pulsation is controlled to less than 30% of the initial value (measured by a pressure sensor), and the blade tip swing amplitude is ≤1 / 3 that of conventional methods.

[0020] 3. Orthogonally woven lead zirconate titanate fibers and a 16% carbon nanotube composite layer achieve vibration energy recovery, while bridge rectification prioritizes power to the plasma actuator. When the voltage drops below 75% of the rated value, the external power supply is switched within 10ms (relay response data), reducing cable reliance by 90%.

[0021] 4. A hexagonal through-hole array is laser-etched into the yttria-stabilized zirconia ceramic layer (0.12 mm). Eddy current cooling achieves a flow rate 18% of the plasma jet velocity. A temperature control formula of Δv = 0.15 (T-180) stabilizes the ceramic layer temperature below 160°C (as recorded by an infrared sensor), maintaining the stability of the piezoelectric material's performance.

[0022] 5. The nickel-titanium alloy sealing ring undergoes austenite transformation compression at 62±2°C. A laser rangefinder monitors eight points around the circumference to maintain a control deviation of ≤0.02mm. Closed-loop power regulation maintains a sealing pressure of ≥15MPa, significantly reducing the seal failure rate during the hoisting phase.

[0023] 6. Gradient microcapsules (150 per cm³ in the inner edge area and 80 per cm³ in the outer edge area) release an indium gallium tin repair agent under a 205kHz alternating electric field. Repair is completed within 10 minutes of ultrasonic flaw detection (including a 5-minute ultrasonic scan performed in accordance with ISO 17640) of crack identification ≥0.1mm. The in-situ closure rate of flange cracks is ≥95% (ultrasonic flaw detection retest standard ISO 17640).

[0024] 7. LiDAR scans a 120m radius wind field. The target damper activates when the vortex intensity index (vortex radius × tangential velocity) / (turbulence intensity × hub diameter) exceeds 1.5. The formula (number) = (⌊vortex azimuth / 30⌋ mod 12) + 1 achieves precise positioning. A 45° blade-vortex angle reduces hub deflection by 60% (black box data).

[0025] 8. Six-axis force sensor 2000Hz sampling generates compensation current , so that the ratio of the tangential force to the normal force is less than 0.75. Reversing the rotation by 10° (acceleration ≤ 0.3° / s²) reduces the peak lateral force of the piston rod to 60% of that of the conventional solution (bench test report).

[0026] 9. Preload is released to 50% of the design value to reduce bolt stress concentration, and the full damper's 5A input dissipates residual energy. A 600-second safety period covers periods of strong gusts, and the hub angle calibration deviation after restart is ≤0.08° (as recorded by the SCADA system), significantly reducing flange bolt breakage incidents.

[0027] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be reflected in part from the following description and will be understood by those skilled in the art through study and practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the cabin assembly structure in one of the technical solutions of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cabin assembly hoisting in one of the technical solutions of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the wheel hub hoisting in one of the technical solutions of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the first blade in one of the technical solutions of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the second blade in one of the technical solutions of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the third blade in one of the technical solutions of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in which the fan hoisting is completed in one of the technical solutions of the present invention; Among them, 1-nacelle assembly, 10-transmission chain, 11-nacelle, 12-generator, 2-hub, 3-first blade, 4-second blade, 5-third blade. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention with reference to the description.

[0030] It should be understood that terms such as “having”, “including” and “comprising” used herein do not preclude the existence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.

[0031] According to one embodiment of the present invention, Figures 1 to 7 As shown in the figure, a method for hoisting a fan is provided, and the following operations are performed in sequence: Step 1: Assemble the drive chain 10, nacelle 11, and generator 12 into a complete nacelle assembly 1 at a ground-level workstation. Use the main crane to hoist it to the top of the tower and secure it to the tower flange with high-strength bolts. Bolt preload is applied three times in a gradient according to the design value, with the final torque deviation controlled within ±5%.

[0032] Step 2: Use an auxiliary crane to lift the hub 2 to the predetermined position on the side of the nacelle 11. Adjust the hub 2 so that its first interface is in a horizontal position, and fix the circumferential angle with a mechanical locking device. The horizontal positioning accuracy is controlled within ±0.5°.

[0033] Step 3: Hoist the first blade 3 horizontally and insert its root flange into the first interface of the hub 2. Use a laser rangefinder to assist in aligning the bolt holes. Tighten the connecting bolts to the designed preload in three stages.

[0034] Step 4: Perform the first rotation of the hub 2. Install the counterweight block on the flange surface of the hub 2 at a 120° symmetrical point away from the installation position of the first blade 3. The formula for calculating the counterweight mass is: Counterweight mass = blade mass × distance from blade center of gravity to hub 2 center × cos elevation angle / counterweight installation radius The blade mass is obtained from the blade nameplate parameters, the distance from the blade's center of gravity to the center of hub 2 is given in the design drawings, the elevation angle is the real-time angle between the blade axis and the horizontal plane, and is measured with an accuracy of ±0.1° by a dual-axis inclination sensor mounted on the hub 2 flange. The counterweight installation radius is the distance from the counterweight's center of gravity to the hub 2's rotation axis and is calculated based on the diameter of the bolt hole distribution circle on the hub 2 flange. The drive motor of hub 2 is driven to rotate 120° at a constant angular velocity of 0.3 to 0.5 degrees per second until the second interface reaches the horizontal locking position.

[0035] Step 5: Install the second blade 4. Project a 650nm laser cross reference line from the center of the second interface end face of hub 2. During the horizontal hoisting of the second blade 4, laser receivers distributed in four quadrants of its root flange monitor axial deviation in real time. If an axial deviation exceeding 0.5 mm or a flange flatness deviation exceeding 0.05 mm per 100 mm is detected, the hydraulic compensation platform is activated to perform four-degree-of-freedom position adjustment: translation along the X / Y / Z axes (adjustment range ±150 mm) and rotation about the Z axis (adjustment range ±2°) until the positioning accuracy requirements are met.

[0036] Step 6: Remove the counterweight corresponding to the first blade 3 and install a new counterweight 120° symmetrically from the second blade. The mass of the new counterweight is recalculated based on the parameters of the second blade 4. Rotate the drive hub 2 120° in the same direction to lock the third interface horizontally.

[0037] Step 7: Installation of the third blade 5 Repeat the laser positioning and hydraulic compensation process of step 5, using the same precision control standard.

[0038] The key devices required for this embodiment include: a dual-axis inclination sensor, installed on the flange surface of the hub 2, with a measuring range of ±30°, a resolution of 0.01°, a measuring accuracy of ±0.1°, and a sampling frequency of 10Hz, which can be used to measure the elevation angle; a cross laser transmitter, integrated into the interface end face of the hub 2, with a spot diameter of ≤1 mm, used to project a cross laser reference line; a hydraulic compensation platform, a four-cylinder servo control system, and a repeatable positioning accuracy of ±0.1 mm; a laser receiver, a four-quadrant silicon photocell array, and a position resolution of 0.05 mm.

[0039] Traditional wind turbine hoisting methods typically involve pre-assembling the three blades and the hub 2 on the ground into a single unit before hoisting. This approach presents significant drawbacks when blade lengths exceed 80 meters. The assembly's large wind-loaded surface area at high altitude causes the blade ends to swing by more than ±2 meters under lateral wind forces, increasing the risk of impact with the tower. Furthermore, the tower's bending moment load approaches its safety limit, forcing the construction wind speed threshold to be below 6 meters per second, severely impacting project progress.

[0040] The wind turbine hoisting method of this embodiment reduces the wind-exposed area of ​​a single hoist by approximately 67% through step-by-step installation. The rotation speed of 0.3 to 0.5 degrees per second avoids the tower structure's natural frequency range of 1.2 to 2.5 Hz. The cosine angle term in the formula dynamically corrects the blade pitch torque caused by wind loads to prevent overload on the drive motor. Based on wind farm construction log statistics, implementation data shows that this method increases the safe operating wind speed threshold to 8 meters per second and reduces blade docking adjustment time by over 40%.

[0041] According to another embodiment of the present invention, a wind turbine hoisting method is provided, wherein active vibration suppression is performed during the rotation operation of the hub 2: Step 1: Inject a mixed gas into the internal chamber of the installed blade. The gas composition is a 3:1 ratio of argon to helium by volume, delivered through a quick-connect connector at the flange interface. The gas pressure is dynamically adjusted based on wind speed, with an initial pressure of 50 kPa.

[0042] Step 2: Deploy the plasma actuator array along the leading edge of the blade. The actuators cover 10% of the blade's chord length, with a span-wise spacing of 200 mm. The actuator electrodes utilize a corrosion-resistant copper alloy substrate with a dielectric layer 0.8 mm thick.

[0043] Step 3: Real-time monitoring of wind speed data. When the wind speed reaches or exceeds 70% of the wind turbine's rated speed (for example, a rated wind speed of 12 meters per second would have a threshold of 8.4 meters per second), the plasma actuator is activated. Operating at an 8 kilovolt voltage and a 2 kHz frequency, the actuator generates an ionized wind jet at an angle of 18 ± 2 degrees to the prevailing wind direction.

[0044] Step 4: Monitor pressure pulsation on the blade surface using a pressure sensor array. Dynamically adjust the gas pressure control unit to ensure that the standard deviation of pressure pulsation never exceeds 30% of the uninjected state. The control cycle is 100 milliseconds, and the pressure adjustment range is 30-150 kPa.

[0045] The key devices required for this embodiment include: a gas mixing unit, which can use a mass flow controller with an argon flow control accuracy of ±1.5% and a helium flow control accuracy of ±2.0%; a plasma actuator, which can use a dielectric barrier discharge structure with an electrode width of 5 mm; a wind speed sensor, which can be installed at the center of the hub 2 with a sampling frequency of 10 Hz; a pressure sensor, which can use a miniature piezoresistive sensor with a range of ±5 kPa, and 8 measuring points arranged along the span of the blade.

[0046] During traditional wind turbine installation, installed blades are susceptible to vortex-induced vibrations (VIVs) in high-altitude wind conditions. When wind speeds exceed 8 meters per second, the blade tips can swing by as much as ±1.2 meters, leading to misalignment during subsequent blade docking. Existing technology relies on passive counterweight balancing, which is unable to suppress random vibrations caused by unsteady aerodynamic loads.

[0047] In this embodiment of the fan installation method, helium in the mixed gas reduces gas density and thus inertial force, while argon improves breakdown voltage stability. The ion wind angle of 18±2° generates a tangential velocity component, interfering with the flow separation point. The pressure pulsation standard deviation control is achieved through the proportional integral algorithm, and the control target value is σ p ≤0.3 σ p0 ( σ p0 (The initial value is before gas injection). Implementation data show that this method reduces blade vibration displacement to one-fourth of that achieved with traditional methods, significantly improving the success rate of docking operations.

[0048] According to another embodiment of the present invention, a wind turbine hoisting method is provided, in which a composite piezoelectric layer is installed on the wall of the blade chamber. This layer comprises a matrix of orthogonally woven lead zirconate titanate fibers with a diameter of 50 microns, a warp density of 120±5 bundles / cm, a weft density of 80±5 bundles / cm, and interfiber gaps filled with a 16% carbon nanotube reinforcement fraction. The piezoelectric fiber layer has a thickness of 0.8 to 1.2 mm and is formed using a vacuum hot pressing process. A slip ring is installed at the rotating shaft end of the hub 2, connecting the piezoelectric layer output to a bridge rectifier circuit. The output of the rectifier circuit is preferentially connected to the plasma actuator electrode.

[0049] The rectifier circuit output voltage is monitored in real time. When the output voltage falls below 75% of the plasma exciter's rated operating voltage (e.g., a threshold of 6 kV for an 8 kV rated voltage), the system automatically switches to an external backup power source. This switching process is completed within 10 milliseconds via a solid-state relay, maintaining the exciter electrode voltage fluctuation within ±5% during the switching period. The external power supply is powered by an isolation transformer, with an adjustable output voltage range of 6-10 kV.

[0050] In implementation, the piezoelectric fiber layer can be made of lead zirconate titanate fibers produced by the sol-gel method, with a Curie temperature of 350 degrees Celsius. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes can be used, with a diameter of 20-30 nanometers and a length of 50-200 microns. The bridge rectifier circuit can utilize fast-recovery diodes for full-wave rectification, with a reverse recovery time of no more than 100 nanoseconds. Voltage detection utilizes a high-voltage differential probe with a sampling frequency of no less than 1 kHz.

[0051] During blade vibration suppression, the plasma actuator requires a stable power supply. Existing technologies use external power cables, which are prone to cable entanglement during hub 2 rotation. Furthermore, temperature fluctuations at high altitudes cause fluctuations in the piezoelectric material's output, impacting actuator stability.

[0052] This implementation utilizes piezoelectric materials to convert the mechanical energy of blade vibration into electrical energy, while carbon nanotubes enhance charge collection efficiency. Voltage threshold control ensures the plasma actuator seamlessly switches to an external power source if the piezoelectric power supply becomes insufficient. The piezoelectric power supply is used only to assist in actuator startup, with the external power supply serving as the primary power source. Implementation data, based on wind farm maintenance records, indicates that this method reduces external power supply time by 90% and reduces cable system failure rates.

[0053] According to another embodiment of the present invention, a method for hoisting a wind turbine is provided, in which a yttria-stabilized zirconia ceramic layer is coated on the surface of a piezoelectric fiber layer. The ceramic layer thickness is precisely controlled to 0.12 mm and is prepared using an atmospheric plasma spraying process. Laser etching is performed on the surface of the ceramic layer to form an array of regular hexagonal through-holes. The through-hole diameter is 90±8 μm, and an ultraviolet laser is used with a pulse energy of 3 mJ, a repetition rate of 20 kHz, an industrial standard tolerance of ±8%, an adjacent hole center distance of 110 μm, and an aperture ratio controlled within the range of 42% to 45%. When the mixed gas flows through the through-holes, a cooling vortex with consistent rotational direction is formed within the channel. The vortex flow rate is set to 18% of the plasma jet velocity (plasma jet velocity: a typical value of 15-25 m / s for an exciter operating at 8 kV / 2 kHz), and the initial flow rate is calibrated using a mass flow meter.

[0054] An array of infrared temperature sensors is placed on the surface of the ceramic layer. The sensors utilize non-contact measurement with a sampling frequency of 10 Hz and a temperature range of 0 to 300°C. When the local temperature (T) exceeds a threshold of 180°C, a micro-piezoelectric pump is activated to increase the gas flow rate. The target cooling temperature is ≤160°C. The flow rate increment percentage, Δv, is calculated in real time using the following formula: Δv = 0.15 (T - 180). The micro-piezoelectric pump utilizes a stacked piezoelectric ceramic driver with a stroke resolution of 0.1 micron. The gas flow rate is adjusted based on the Δv value.

[0055] In practice, yttria-stabilized zirconia can be doped with 8% yttria at a molar concentration, with a thermal expansion coefficient of 9.5×10 -6 / °C. Laser etching can use a UV laser with a pulse energy of 3 mJ and a repetition rate of 20 kHz. The infrared sensor can use a thermopile array with an optical resolution of 10:1. The piezoelectric pump flow regulation response time should not exceed 200 milliseconds, with a flow control accuracy of ±3%.

[0056] Long-term operation of the plasma actuator causes the piezoelectric fiber layer to heat up, and the existing forced air cooling technology is inefficient. When the ceramic substrate temperature exceeds 180 degrees Celsius, the depolarization effect of the piezoelectric material intensifies, significantly reducing the output power. High temperatures also accelerate the aging of the dielectric layer, shortening the actuator's service life.

[0057] In this implementation, the eddy currents induced by the through-hole array enhance gas-solid heat transfer efficiency, while the hexagonal arrangement optimizes flow uniformity. This solution stabilizes the operating temperature of the ceramic layer below 160°C (as recorded by infrared sensors), and the output voltage fluctuation of the piezoelectric fiber layer is ≤5%, maintaining stable energy recovery. Based on wind farm equipment operation logs, actual application shows that the temperature gradient within the blade chamber is reduced and the time between actuator failures is extended.

[0058] According to another embodiment of the present invention, a wind turbine hoisting method is provided, wherein a sealing ring pre-installation operation is performed after the hub 2 is hoisted. A nickel-titanium alloy sealing ring is installed in the annular gap formed by the flange of the hub 2 and the flange of the nacelle 11. The axial width of this gap is measured to be 1.0 ± 0.2 mm, and the radial depth is equal to the difference between the flange outer diameter and the bolt hole distribution circle diameter. The sealing ring is equipped with 24 circumferentially evenly spaced resistance heating units, with the units spaced at equal angles of 15 degrees.

[0059] The sealing ring pre-compression control process is as follows: Before hub 2 begins rotating, power is applied to the resistance heating unit to increase the temperature. The target temperature is set at 62±2°C, with a heating rate not exceeding 5°C per minute. When the temperature reaches 60°C, the nickel-titanium alloy undergoes an austenitic phase transformation. Due to the shape memory effect, the sealing ring axially contracts to a working thickness of 0.90±0.03 mm. Phase transformation mechanism: When heated to the austenitic phase transformation temperature, the nickel-titanium alloy returns to its pre-set memory shape, resulting in axial contraction.

[0060] During the compression process, the gap width is monitored in real time at eight locations evenly distributed around the flange circumference, with measurement points spaced 45 degrees apart. This monitoring is performed using a laser rangefinder with an accuracy of 0.01 mm and a sampling frequency of 20 Hz. If the gap width difference between any two monitoring points exceeds 0.02 mm, the heating unit power in the corresponding area is automatically adjusted. The adjustment range is ±10% of the current power value. After adjustment, maintain the adjustment for 30 seconds and then re-measure until the circumferential deviation does not exceed 0.02 mm.

[0061] The devices required for implementation include: nickel-titanium alloy sealing ring, which can be made of nickel-titanium-niobium ternary alloy, with the starting temperature of austenite phase transformation As=48±3℃ and the ending temperature Af=55±2℃; the resistance heating unit, which can be made of nickel-chromium alloy wire with a diameter of 0.2 mm and a resistance value of 2.5 ohms / unit; the laser rangefinder, which can be made of triangular reflection sensor with a range of 0-5 mm; the temperature controller, which can be made of PID temperature control module with Kp=3.5, Ki=0.4, and Kd=1.2.

[0062] Traditionally, the hub 2 and nacelle 11 flanges utilize rubber seals, which are susceptible to compression deformation under vibration during hoisting. When the gap width fluctuates by more than 0.1 mm, the risk of seal failure increases significantly. Existing technology relies on bolt preload compensation, which can easily lead to localized stress concentration on the flange.

[0063] In this implementation, when the ambient temperature is below 0°C, the flange is preheated to above 5°C before being electrically heated. A controlled temperature of 62±2°C ensures complete austenite transformation, and a 0.8mm working thickness provides stable sealing pressure. Circumferential deviation control of 0.02mm is achieved through closed-loop feedback, and power regulation utilizes a proportional control algorithm. Based on wind farm installation quality reports, implementation data shows that this approach significantly reduces seal failure incidents. Measured data from a 3MW unit shows that compared to a 0.5% leakage rate from conventional rubber seals, this solution reduces this to 0.04%, improving pressure distribution uniformity across the flange connection.

[0064] According to another embodiment of the present invention, a wind turbine hoisting method is provided, in which gradient-distributed microcapsules are embedded during the sealing ring manufacturing stage. The microcapsule density is set at 150 per cubic centimeter within the inner edge of the hub flange (a 50 mm annular zone) within 50 mm of the bolt hole center. The density drops to 80 per cubic centimeter within the outer edge, 50 to 150 mm from the bolt hole center. The microcapsule shell is made of polyurethane with a wall thickness of 15 microns and encapsulates an indium gallium tin alloy repair agent and lead zirconate titanate nanoparticles with a particle size of 200 ± 50 nanometers.

[0065] The crack response process is as follows: With hub 2 stationary, the ultrasonic flaw detection system is activated. The probe frequency is 5 MHz, and 12 measuring points are evenly spaced along the flange circumference. When a crack depth reaches or exceeds the 0.1 mm threshold, the crack location (inner or outer edge) is located. A 205 kHz alternating electric field with a field strength of 8 kV / cm is applied to the target area for 30 seconds. This electric field excites the lead zirconate titanate nanoparticles, generating a localized thermal effect that softens and cracks the microcapsule wall material. Indium gallium tin alloy has a melting point of 10 degrees Celsius and flows out in a liquid state at the flange's operating temperature, filling the crack.

[0066] Key implementation parameters: Microcapsule size, which can be 80-120 microns in diameter; Ultrasonic flaw detector, which can be a phased array device with an axial resolution of 0.05 mm; Alternating electric field generator, which can be an LC resonant circuit with a quality factor Q ≥ 50; Repair agent composition, Indium Gallium Tin alloy mass ratio In:Ga:Sn = 60:25:15.

[0067] Traditional flange sealing structures are susceptible to microcracks under the vibration loads of hoisting, requiring disassembly and repair using existing technology. When crack depth exceeds 0.05 mm, the stress concentration factor increases significantly. Conventional repair methods require interrupting the hoisting operation, extending the construction period.

[0068] In this implementation, high-density bolts are arranged at the inner edge, corresponding to the high-stress area of ​​the bolt holes, while low-density bolts are arranged at the outer edge to prevent material degradation. The 205 kHz frequency matches the mechanical resonant frequency of lead zirconate titanate nanoparticles, improving thermal conversion efficiency. Based on wind farm maintenance records, implementation data shows that this method significantly reduces the flange crack repair rate. After repair, eddy current testing (ISO 15549 standard) confirms crack closure; no destructive strength testing is performed.

[0069] According to another embodiment of the present invention, a wind turbine hoisting method is provided, in which a Doppler lidar system is installed on the top of the tower. The radar scans the three-dimensional wind field within a radius of 120 meters centered on the hoisting point, with an elevation scanning angle ranging from -5° to +15° and an azimuth scanning speed of 6 revolutions per minute. The vortex intensity index is calculated based on the radial wind speed data using the following formula: Vortex intensity index = (vortex radius × tangential velocity) / (turbulence intensity × hub diameter) The vortex radius refers to the distance from the maximum tangential velocity point to the vortex center (unit: meter), the tangential velocity is the maximum wind speed value in the vortex circumference (unit: meter per second), and the turbulence intensity is calculated according to the IEC 61400-1 standard as the ratio of the standard deviation of the wind speed to the average wind speed within a 10-minute period; the hub diameter is the design value of the current model; the hub diameter is defined as the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the flange, and the measured value typically ranges from 2.0 to 3.5 meters (2.5 meters is used in this example).

[0070] When the vortex intensity index > 1.5 and the turbulence intensity ≥ 0.15 thresholds are met simultaneously, the magnetorheological damping system integrated in the hub 2 flange is activated.

[0071] The damping system consists of at least four groups of circumferentially evenly distributed units. The target damper number is determined by the following formula: Number = (⌊vortex azimuth / 30⌋mod12) + 1. The azimuth is measured clockwise from due north to 360°. The current I (unit: ampere) is input to the target damper. The current value is calculated in sections based on the wind speed V (unit: meters per second) at the center of the vortex: The current output limit is set at 5.0 amps; if exceeded, the upper limit is applied. The hub 2 servo drive system also adjusts the installed blade orientation, maintaining a 45±3° angle between the installed blade chord and the vortex's direction of motion. Adjustment Mechanism: A PID controller dynamically adjusts the hub 2 angle based on real-time wind data from a lidar.

[0072] The implementation device includes: Doppler laser radar, which can use 1.5 micron wavelength fiber laser and has a velocity resolution of 0.1 meters per second; magnetorheological damper, which can use a piston diameter of 40 mm and a maximum output of 8 kilonewtons; azimuth angle sensor, which can use a GPS compass module and has a heading accuracy of ±0.5°; wheel hub 2 drive mechanism, which can use a servo motor with a harmonic reducer and has an angle resolution of 0.01°.

[0073] Sudden wind disturbances during wind turbine installation can affect the rotational stability of hub 2. Existing technologies rely on weather forecasts for operational decisions and are unable to respond in real time to localized strong vortices. When the vortex radius exceeds 5 meters and the tangential velocity exceeds 10 meters per second, hub 2's drive motor may overload and trip.

[0074] In this implementation, a vortex intensity index greater than 1.5 indicates a predominance of rotational kinetic energy, and a turbulence intensity greater than or equal to 0.15 indicates strong turbulence. A 45±3° angle aligns the direction of maximum blade stiffness with the direction of the vortex principal stress. Data from black box recordings of the wind farm installation process demonstrates that this method effectively suppresses angular drift of the hub 2 caused by sudden wind loads.

[0075] According to another embodiment of the present invention, a wind turbine hoisting method is provided for synchronously collecting wind field signals and mechanical signals. Wind speed data is obtained by using a laser radar, and a six-dimensional force sensor is installed at the end of the piston rod of the target damper. The sensor measures three axial forces ( F x , F y , F z ) and three moments ( M x , M y , M z ), the sampling rate is fixed at 2000 Hz. The sampling time window length is adaptively adjusted according to the real-time gust cycle, and the minimum time window covers 10 complete gust cycles. Real-time calculation of normal resultant force: , when F n >100N threshold, a compensation current is generated I c : , In the formula f is the dominant frequency of the gust, which is extracted from the wind speed signal by fast Fourier transform. ϕ is the phase lag angle of the force signal relative to the wind speed signal, which is calculated by the cross-correlation function. I c Added to the original input current I Then output to the target damper. At the same time, the ratio of tangential force to normal force is calculated in real time. If the ratio R>0.75 is maintained for 2 seconds, the driving power of the hub 2 is immediately cut off and the reversal program is started: the rotation direction of the hub 2 is reversed at a constant speed of 10° within 2 seconds, and the angular acceleration is limited to 0.3 degrees per square second.

[0076] Key implementation equipment includes a six-axis force sensor, optionally a strain gauge unit, with a range of ±1 kN (force) and ±100 N·m (torque); a signal processor, optionally an FPGA chip, with an FFT calculation latency of ≤1 millisecond; and a reversing controller, optionally a servo drive, with an acceleration control accuracy of ±5%. The angular acceleration during the reversing operation is 0.3° / s². Based on the gearbox manufacturer's safety specifications (referring to IEC 61400-4), the calculated maximum impact torque is 120% of the rated torque, which is lower than the gearbox's design safety factor of 150%.

[0077] I cIn the formula, 0.3 represents the damper installation lever arm (unit: meter), and the sin(2πft + ϕ) term provides synchronous compensation for load fluctuations. The lever arm value, L, is determined by the hub dimensions and is calculated as L = 0.12 × D (where D is the hub diameter). Typical values ​​range from 0.24 to 0.42 m, but in this implementation, 0.3 m is used.

[0078] Based on the wind turbine maintenance database, implementation data shows that this solution reduces piston rod eccentric wear accidents.

[0079] Once activated, magnetorheological dampers must cope with dynamic load fluctuations. Existing damping control uses a fixed current mode, which can easily cause resonance in unsteady wind conditions. When the dominant frequency of a gust approaches the natural frequency of the hub 2 structure, the lateral force on the piston rod can exceed 500 Newtons, accelerating mechanical wear. Conventional dampers are susceptible to lateral unbalanced loading of the piston rod under gust loads, leading to abnormal wear of the seal.

[0080] Method 1 of this embodiment c In the formula, 0.3 represents the damper installation arm (unit: meter), and the sin(2πft+ϕ) term realizes the synchronous compensation of load fluctuation. Based on the wind turbine maintenance database, the implementation data shows that this scheme reduces the piston rod eccentric wear accident. This method monitors the normal resultant force F in real time. n With the moment component, when F n >100N generates a phase-synchronized compensation current I c , significantly reducing the proportion of tangential torque detected by the six-axis force sensor. Reversal is limited to 10° and angular acceleration ≤ 0.3° / s², preventing structural impact caused by sudden stops. Based on laboratory bench testing, implementation data demonstrates that this approach reduces piston rod lateral force peaks to less than 60% of traditional solutions, extending damper maintenance intervals.

[0081] According to another embodiment of the present invention, a wind turbine hoisting method is provided, which performs a graded safety response: Step 1: Immediately stop the rotation of hub 2 and trigger the mechanical locking device. The locking pin is hydraulically driven and inserted into the positioning hole of hub 2 flange. The insertion time is ≤ 0.5 seconds.

[0082] Step 2: Release the preload on the bolts connecting the hub 2 to the nacelle 11 flange. Use a hydraulic tensioner to reduce the preload to 50% of the initial design value. The release process lasts 20 seconds to avoid impact.

[0083] Step 3: Activate all magnetorheological dampers to maximum damping. Set the input current to 5.0 amps and the response time to ≤ 100 milliseconds.

[0084] After maintaining the above safe state for 600 seconds, the recovery sequence is automatically executed: 1. Restore the bolt preload to 100% of the design value in three stages, with an interval of 30 seconds between each stage; 2. Reset all damper input currents to 0.2 amps; 3. Restart the wheel hub 2 angle calibration system and control the calibration accuracy to no more than 0.1°.

[0085] Implementation parameters: Mechanical locking device, can use tungsten carbide pins with hardness HRA ≥ 90; hydraulic tensioner, can use ultra-high pressure oil pump with pressure control accuracy of ±2%; damper current source, can use constant current mode power supply with ripple coefficient ≤ 1%.

[0086] Conventional safety strategies directly lock hub 2 under continuous torsion conditions, which can easily cause plastic deformation of the flange bolts. This method uses a graded response: preload is released to 50% to reduce the risk of stress concentration at the connection interface; all dampers are activated to dissipate residual vibration energy; a 600-second hold period covers the average duration of strong gusts; and staged pretightening during the recovery sequence prevents bolt overload, with a 0.2A hold current providing basic damping. Based on three years of operation and maintenance records for the same wind turbine model, actual application shows that this protocol significantly reduces flange bolt breakage incidents, resulting in zero incidents over three years of operation and maintenance, and the angular deviation of hub 2 remains ≤0.08° after calibration restart.

[0087] Example 1 During the installation of a 2.5MW unit, the plasma actuator continued to work for 120 minutes, and the infrared sensor recorded: The maximum temperature of the ceramic layer is 158°C (ambient temperature 32°C); The output voltage of the piezoelectric fiber layer is 8.2±0.3kV (rated 8kV); The maximum flow rate increment of the micro piezoelectric pump is Δv = 75% (triggered at T = 185°C). The feasibility of the temperature control formula △v=0.15(T-180) was verified.

[0088] Example 2 (3MW onshore wind turbine hoisting application) A wind farm is installing a 3MW turbine with a 120-meter tower and 68-meter blades. During construction, the measured wind speed was 7.5 meters per second, with a wind direction fluctuation of ±15°. The following process was used for installation: 1. Nacelle assembly 1 hoisting The gearbox (drive chain 10), nacelle, and generator 12 were preassembled on the ground (total weight 82 tons). A 1,200-ton main crane was used to lift the assembly to the top of the tower and secure it with 64 sets of M36 bolts. The bolt preload was applied in three steps to a final value of 1,250 kN ± 5%.

[0089] 2. Hub 2 positioning Hub 2 (weighing 19 tons) was hoisted separately to the side of nacelle 11. Hub 2 was adjusted so that interface 1 was horizontal, and its circumferential position was secured using hydraulic locking pins. A nickel-titanium alloy sealing ring was pre-placed in the gap between hub 2 and nacelle 11 flange (measured 1.6 mm). This ring was heated to 62°C to activate the shape memory effect, achieving phase change and contraction.

[0090] 3. Installation of the first blade 3 Lift blade No. 1 (weighing 12.3 tons) horizontally and insert it into interface No. 1 of hub 2. After tightening the bolts, install the counterweight block at a 120° symmetrical position on the hub 2 flange: Counterweight mass =12.3×22.5×cos0.8 ° / 1.5=184.6kg (The blade's center of gravity is 22.5 m from the center of hub 2, and the real-time elevation angle is 0.8°).

[0091] 4. Hub 2 rotates for the first time The wheel hub is rotated 120° at a speed of 0.4° / s, during which the following are executed: Inject Ar / He mixture (3:1) into the chamber of blade No. 1 and maintain the pressure at 60 kPa; Leading edge plasma actuator activation (wind speed 8.5m / s>8.4m / s threshold); The infrared sensor monitors the temperature of the ceramic layer in real time. If T>180℃, the micro piezoelectric pump increases the air flow speed by Δv=0.15(T-180); The lidar detected a northeast vortex (radius 7.2m, tangential velocity 11.3m / s, turbulence intensity 0.17, and hub diameter 2.5m). The vortex intensity index = (7.2×11.3) / (0.17×2.5) = 192.4, which is greater than 1.5. The trigger damper number is: Number = (⌊43 / 30⌋mod12)+1=(1mod12)+1=2 The input current to damper No. 2 is I=1.0×(11.3−8) 1.5 =4.8A.

[0092] 5. Installation of the second blade 4 After the No. 2 interface of hub 2 is locked horizontally: Projecting 650nm cross laser reference; When hoisting blade No. 2, the hydraulic compensation platform adjusts its position in real time (maximum compensation: X+12mm, Z-8mm, Ry+0.6°); Final docking deviation: axial 0.3mm, flatness 0.04mm / 100mm.

[0093] 6. Emergency Wind Response When rotated to 180°, the six-axis force sensor detects Lasts 2.3 seconds: Immediately reverse the wheel hub by 10° (acceleration 0.3° / s²); After the reversal R The value dropped to 0.72; The installation of the third blade 5 was completed, with a total hoisting time of 9.2 hours. The sealing ring was leak-free and the blade joint surface did not require rework; The highest temperature of the ceramic layer was recorded at 158°C, and the output voltage of the piezoelectric fiber layer was stable at 8.0±0.2kV (rated 8kV).

[0094] The main devices used in the implementation process include: a cross laser locator with a wavelength of 650±5 nm and a spot diameter of 0.8 mm, installed on the interface end face of the hub 2; a nickel-titanium sealing ring made of Ni 54 Ti 40 Made of Nb6 alloy with a phase transition temperature of 55 degrees Celsius, it is installed in the gap between the hub 2 and the nacelle 11 flange. Magnetorheological dampers, providing a maximum damping force of 8 kilonewtons per meter and a response time of 80 milliseconds, are located at 12 equal points around the hub 2 flange. A Doppler laser radar with a scanning radius of 120 meters and a velocity resolution of 0.1 meters per second is mounted on the tower top platform. These devices work in tandem to ensure both precision and safety during the hoisting process.

[0095] The data in this embodiment are from the wind farm SCADA system records. No abnormal vibration reports were reported after the units were connected to the grid (monitoring period is 3 months).

[0096] The number of devices and processing scales described herein are intended to simplify the description of the present invention. Applications, modifications, and variations of the present invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.

[0097] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the description and implementation methods. They can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those familiar with the art, additional modifications can be easily implemented. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the scope of equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and drawings shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A fan hoisting method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Pre-assemble the transmission chain, nacelle, and generator on the ground to form an integrated nacelle assembly; Step 2: hoist the entire nacelle assembly to the top of the tower and fix it; Step 3: Lift the wheel hub to the side of the nacelle assembly and adjust the wheel hub so that the first interface is locked horizontally; Step 4: Horizontally hoist the first blade, insert it into the first interface of the hub and secure it; Step 5: Perform the first rotation of the hub and install the counterweight block at a symmetrical position of 120° from the hub flange to the first blade. The mass of the counterweight block is calculated according to the formula Calculation, where the elevation angle refers to the angle between the blade axis and the horizontal plane, which is measured in real time by a dual-axis inclination sensor installed on the hub flange surface; The driving hub rotates 120° in the same direction to lock the second interface horizontally, with an angular speed of 0.3° / s to 0.5° / s; Step 6: Install the second blade by projecting a cross laser reference from the end face of the second hub interface. Horizontally lift the second blade and insert it into the second hub interface, and detect deviations using four laser receivers at the root of the second blade. Then, perform four-degree-of-freedom compensation using a hydraulic compensation platform, adjusting the second blade's position in real time to ensure that the axial positioning deviation is ≤0.5mm and the flange flatness deviation is ≤0.05mm / 100mm. Step 7: Perform the second rotation of the hub, remove the counterweight corresponding to the first blade, and install the new counterweight with the recalculated weight at a symmetrical position 120° from the hub flange to the second blade; drive the hub to rotate 120° in the same direction to lock the third interface horizontally; Step 8. Execute the third blade installation operation, project a cross laser reference from the end face of the third interface of the hub; horizontally lift the third blade and insert it into the third interface of the hub, and detect the deviation through the four laser receivers at the root of the third blade; repeat the hydraulic compensation process of step 6.

2. The wind turbine hoisting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Steps 5 and 7 also include: Inject a mixture of argon and helium in a volume ratio of 3:1 into the chamber of the currently installed blade; Plasma actuator arrays are arranged at 10% of the length of the leading edge of these blades; When the real-time wind speed is ≥ 70% of the rated wind speed, the plasma actuator is activated to generate an ion wind with an angle of 18±2° to the main wind direction; Dynamically adjust the gas pressure so that the standard deviation of the pressure pulsation on the blade surface is ≤30% of the initial value.

3. The wind turbine hoisting method according to claim 2, characterized in that: A piezoelectric fiber layer is embedded in the wall of the blade chamber, which is composed of orthogonally woven lead zirconate titanate fibers with a diameter of 50 μm and 16% carbon nanotubes by mass. The piezoelectric fiber layer is connected to a bridge rectifier circuit to preferentially supply power to the plasma actuator; When the output voltage is less than 75% of the rated voltage of the plasma actuator, the external power supply is switched to make up the difference.

4. The wind turbine hoisting method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The surface of the piezoelectric fiber layer is covered with a 0.12mm thick yttria-stabilized zirconia ceramic layer; The ceramic layer surface is laser-etched with a regular hexagonal through-hole array with a pore diameter of 90±8μm and a hole center distance of 110μm; When the plasma is activated, the mixed gas flows through the through hole to form a cooling vortex, and the flow rate is 18% of the plasma jet velocity; The temperature T of the ceramic layer is monitored in real time by infrared. If the local temperature is greater than 180°C, the air flow velocity is increased by a micro piezoelectric pump to reduce the temperature to below 160°C. The flow rate increment percentage △v is calculated according to the formula: △v=0.15(T-180).

5. The wind turbine hoisting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: After step three, A nickel-titanium alloy sealing ring is pre-placed in the annular gap formed by the butt joint of the hub flange and the nacelle flange. The axial width of the gap is 1.0±0.2mm, and the radial depth is equal to the difference between the outer diameter of the flange and the diameter of the bolt hole distribution circle. The sealing ring has 24 resistance heating units evenly distributed around the circumference; Before the wheel hub is rotated, it is heated to 62±2℃, so that the sealing ring shrinks to a working thickness of 0.90±0.03mm due to shape memory transformation of the austenite phase; A laser rangefinder is used to monitor the gap width in real time at 8 positions evenly distributed around the flange circumference. If the width difference between any two points is greater than 0.02 mm, the heating unit power in the corresponding area is adjusted by ±10% to ensure that the circumferential deviation is ≤ 0.02 mm.

6. The wind turbine hoisting method according to claim 5, characterized in that: Gradiently distributed microcapsules are embedded in the sealing ring. The density of microcapsules in the inner edge area of ​​the hub flange within 50mm from the center of the bolt hole is 150 per cm³. The density of microcapsules in the outer edge area of ​​the hub flange, 50-150 mm from the center of the bolt hole, is 80 per cm³; Microcapsules containing indium gallium tin alloy repair agent and lead zirconate titanate nanoparticles; When ultrasonic testing detects a crack depth ≥ 0.1 mm in the hub flange area, a 205 kHz alternating electric field is applied to the target crack area to release the repair agent.

7. The wind turbine hoisting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the wind turbine installation process, a Doppler lidar is installed on the tower top to scan the three-dimensional wind field within a radius of 120m centered on the installation point in real time. The vortex intensity index is calculated based on the scan data: Vortex intensity index = (vortex radius × tangential velocity) / (turbulence intensity × hub diameter) Among them, vortex radius refers to the distance from the maximum speed point of the rotating airflow to the vortex center; vortex tangential velocity refers to the maximum wind speed value in the vortex circumferential direction; turbulence intensity is defined as the ratio of the standard deviation of wind speed to the average wind speed in a 10-minute period according to the IEC 61400-1 standard; the hub diameter is the design value of the current model; When the vortex intensity index > 1.5 and the turbulence intensity ≥ 0.15 are satisfied at the same time, the target damper in the magnetorheological damping system integrated at the hub flange is activated; the system includes at least 4 groups of circumferentially evenly distributed dampers, and the damper piston rod is directly connected to the prefabricated interface on the back of the hub flange through a universal joint; the target damper number is based on the formula Determine, where the azimuth angle starts at due north at 0° and increases clockwise to 360°; Input current I to the target damper to generate a maximum damping force of 8000 N·s / m. The current is calculated in sections according to the wind speed V at the vortex center: At the same time, adjust the hub so that the chord line of the installed blade maintains an angle of 45±3° with the vortex movement direction.

8. The wind turbine hoisting method according to claim 7, characterized in that: After the damper is activated, the wind speed signal and the signal from the six-dimensional force sensor installed on the end of the damper's piston rod are collected synchronously through the lidar. The six-dimensional sensor has a sampling rate of 2000 Hz and a sampling time window of no less than 10 gust cycles. Real-time calculation of normal force , if F n >100N, then a compensation current I is generated c : Where f is the dominant frequency of the gust, Φ is the phase lag angle of the force signal relative to the wind speed signal, calculated by fast Fourier transform; Will I c Superimposed on the original input current I; Real-time calculation of the ratio of tangential force to normal force If the ratio is greater than 0.75 for 2 consecutive seconds, the wheel rotation is stopped immediately and the rotation direction is forcibly reversed by 10°.

9. The wind turbine hoisting method according to claim 8, characterized in that: If the ratio of the tangential resultant force to the normal resultant force is still greater than 0.8 and lasts for 1 second after the reversal operation, execute: Immediately stops rotation and mechanically locks the hub; Release the bolt preload of the hub and nacelle connection flange to 50% of the initial preload design value; Activate all magnetorheological dampers to the maximum damping state, input current 5A; The safety status is maintained for 600 seconds and then automatically released. The following operations are executed in sequence: the bolt preload is restored to 100% of the initial preload design value; the input current of all dampers is reset to 0.2A; and the wheel hub rotation angle calibration is restarted with a calibration accuracy of no more than 0.1°.

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