Active antenna detection protection method and GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) module applying same

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) module application, in particular to an active antenna detection protection method and a GNSS module applying the same, and the active antenna detection protection method comprises the following steps: initializing the GNSS module, connecting a GNSS active antenna, and supplying power to the GNSS active antenna by the GNSS module through a detection protection module preset in the GNSS module; monitoring the working state of the GNSS active antenna in real time through a detection protection module, and synchronously recording the working state of the GNSS active antenna; when an abnormal condition occurs, a preset protection circuit in the detection protection module is automatically started to ensure the safety of the GNSS module and the GNSS active antenna. According to the invention, real-time monitoring and recording of the working state of the GNSS active antenna can be realized, a series of work such as automatic triggering of the protection work to protect the safety of the GNSS module and the GNSS active antenna can be realized when an abnormal condition occurs, and the automation degree is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of GNSS module applications, and in particular to an active antenna detection and protection method and a GNSS module applying the same. Background Art

[0002] GNSS modules are crucial devices in areas such as drones and intelligent driving. The proper functioning of the GNSS active antenna directly determines the module's performance. Effectively protecting the GNSS active antenna and improving its emergency response capabilities in abnormal situations are crucial. During the design process, the existing technical solution is to design both the GNSS active antenna detection and protection circuits on the customer's development board. These circuits require current sensing ICs and current limiting ICs to monitor the status of the GNSS active antenna, making development board design more difficult and occupying more PCB area. Furthermore, when deployed in actual devices, the additional GNSS active antenna detection and protection circuits require current sensing ICs and current limiting ICs, increasing the number of components in the GNSS module and the production cost. Furthermore, traditional circuit protection methods are no longer effective during operation. Increasing workloads and response accuracy require matching exception handling methods to ensure stable operation of the GNSS module over time and in multiple scenarios, reducing the labor intensity of subsequent maintenance and ensuring a longer service life. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the protection method of the active antenna in the existing GNSS module requires the additional protection circuit, which is difficult to design. At the same time, when encountering more complex abnormal situations, the active antenna cannot be protected in time, resulting in poor risk resistance of the existing GNSS module, high maintenance cost and short service life.

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the first aspect of the present invention adopts the following technical solution: an active antenna detection and protection method, comprising the following steps:

[0005] The GNSS module is initialized and connected to the GNSS active antenna. The GNSS module then powers the GNSS active antenna through its internal preset detection and protection module.

[0006] The detection and protection module monitors the working status of the GNSS active antenna in real time and records the working status of the GNSS active antenna simultaneously;

[0007] When an abnormal situation occurs, the protection circuit preset in the detection and protection module is automatically activated to ensure the safety of the GNSS module and GNSS active antenna.

[0008] When the present invention is working, it can realize the power supply and data connection of the GNSS active antenna, real-time monitoring and recording of the working status of the GNSS active antenna, and can automatically trigger protection work in the event of an abnormal situation to protect the safety of the GNSS module and the GNSS active antenna, etc. It has a high degree of automation and a high safety factor. It is suitable for the design and operation of various GNSS modules and has good versatility. By integrating the detection and protection module, it can effectively reduce the overall design difficulty of the GNSS module, reduce the number of parts, reduce the installation process and save production costs, and has high economic benefits.

[0009] Preferably, when the working status of the GNSS active antenna is monitored in real time by the detection and protection module, the following steps are adopted:

[0010] A1: The monitoring circuit preset in the detection protection module monitors the power supply line between the GNSS module and the GNSS active antenna in real time, and transmits back the voltage and current data of the GNSS active antenna when it is working;

[0011] A2: The voltage data and current data of the GNSS active antenna are recorded at preset time intervals and stored as time series data of the GNSS active antenna's working status.

[0012] Preferably, when an abnormal situation occurs, the protection circuit preset in the detection and protection module is automatically started to ensure the safety of the GNSS module and the GNSS active antenna, and the following steps are adopted: when a short circuit is detected inside the GNSS active antenna, the protection circuit preset in the detection and protection module is started, the power supply line of the GNSS active antenna is disconnected, and fault information is output to prompt and record the short circuit fault; when no current is detected in the power supply line between the GNSS module and the GNSS active antenna, fault information is output to prompt and record the open circuit fault.

[0013] Preferably, when the working status of the GNSS active antenna is monitored in real time by the detection protection module and the working status of the GNSS active antenna is synchronously recorded, the following steps are adopted to monitor the working status of the GNSS active antenna, synchronously record the working status of the GNSS active antenna at preset time intervals, and store it as timing data of the working status of the GNSS active antenna. The timing data includes current data, voltage data, signal strength data and signal-to-noise ratio data when the GNSS active antenna is working, and the signal strength data, signal-to-noise ratio data, current data and voltage data are aligned in time sequence.

[0014] Preferably, when an abnormal situation occurs, the following steps are taken to automatically start the protection circuit preset in the detection and protection module to ensure the safety of the GNSS module and the GNSS active antenna:

[0015] B1: Obtain time series data on the working status of the GNSS active antenna, establish a sliding window of appropriate specifications based on the preset time length, and calculate the derived key indicators of the multivariate data in the time series data;

[0016] B2: Monitor the changing status of the key indicators derived from the multivariate data in the time series data through the preset abnormal status library. Use the monitoring rules preset in the abnormal status library to determine whether the working status of the GNSS active antenna is normal based on the key indicators derived from the multivariate data in the time series data, and output the type of abnormal situation.

[0017] B3: When an abnormal situation occurs, the GNSS module performs corresponding protection work according to the determined type of abnormal situation.

[0018] Preferably, in step B1, when establishing a sliding window of appropriate specifications according to a preset time length, the following steps are adopted: obtaining the current working scene of the GNSS module, determining the state change trend according to the current working scene, and establishing a sliding window of appropriate specifications after determining a matching time length;

[0019] In step B1, when calculating the derived key indicators of multivariate data in the time series data, the derived key indicators include at least one of the power efficiency deviation, voltage and signal coupling coefficient, current fluctuation entropy, signal quality index and signal-to-noise ratio attenuation slope of the GNSS active antenna.

[0020] Preferably, when synchronously recording the working status of the GNSS active antenna at preset time intervals and storing the data as time series data of the working status of the GNSS active antenna, the following steps are adopted to pre-process the recorded signal strength data, signal-to-noise ratio data, current data, and voltage data, perform time series interpolation on the current data and voltage data using a time series perception method, perform forward and backward padding on the data to match the corresponding signal strength data, mark the interpolation points, and perform data cleaning on the recorded signal strength data and signal-to-noise ratio data to process abnormal values ​​and invalid values;

[0021] When aligning signal strength data, signal-to-noise ratio data, current data, and voltage data in time sequence, the following steps are used: timestamp standardization, determining the frequency of multi-source data acquisition to establish a unified time axis, and ensuring that the same time interval is maintained between current data, voltage data, signal strength data, and signal-to-noise ratio data.

[0022] In order to solve the above technical problems, the second aspect of the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A GNSS module, applying an active antenna detection and protection method as described in any of the above aspects: the GNSS module integrates a detection and protection module internally, the data input end of the GNSS module is data-connected to the signal output end of the corresponding GNSS active antenna, the detection and protection module includes a detection circuit for detecting the working status of the GNSS active antenna and a protection circuit for controlling the on and off of the power supply circuit between the GNSS module and the GNSS active antenna, the power output end of the GNSS module is connected to the power supply port of the GNSS active antenna through the detection circuit and the protection circuit, the GNSS module is provided with a GNSS IC, the status acquisition end of the GNSS IC is connected to the status output end of the detection circuit, the control signal output end of the GNSS IC is connected to the control end of the protection circuit, and the GNSS IC controls the protection circuit to disconnect the power supply of the GNSS active antenna when the GNSS active antenna is working abnormally.

[0023] Preferably, the detection circuit includes a resistor R1, a resistor R2 and a resistor R3, and the protection circuit includes a MOS transistor Q1, the source of the MOS transistor Q1 is connected to the first end of the resistor R1, the drain of the MOS transistor Q1 is connected to the power supply port of the GNSS active antenna, the gate of the MOS transistor Q1 is connected to the C port of the GNSS IC, the second end of the resistor R1 is connected to the power supply and connected to the A port of the GNSS IC through the resistor R3, and the first end of the resistor R1 is connected to the B port of the GNSS IC through the resistor R2.

[0024] Preferably, the device further includes a data storage module for sequentially storing the working status data of the GNSS active antenna and a data processing module for identifying working abnormalities of the GNSS active antenna based on the working status data of the GNSS active antenna, and the data processing module is data-connected to the GNSS IC.

[0025] The beneficial technical effects of the present invention include:

[0026] The present invention can realize a series of tasks such as power supply and data connection of the GNSS active antenna, real-time monitoring and recording of the working status of the GNSS active antenna, and automatic triggering of protection work in the event of an abnormal situation to protect the safety of the GNSS module and the GNSS active antenna. It has a high degree of automation and a high safety factor, is applicable to the design and operation of various GNSS modules, and has good versatility. By integrating the detection and protection module, it can effectively reduce the overall design difficulty of the GNSS module, reduce the number of parts, reduce the installation process, save production costs, and have high economic benefits.

[0027] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be disclosed in detail in the following specific embodiments and drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0029] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a GNSS module;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the working status of the GNSS active antenna in real time monitoring in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a flowchart for automatically starting the detection and protection module to ensure the safety of the GNSS module and the GNSS active antenna in the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the work flow for protecting the security of the GNSS module and the GNSS active antenna in the third embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following is an explanation and description of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. However, the following embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not exhaustive. Based on the embodiments in the implementation manner, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] In the following description, terms such as "inside", "outside", "up", "down", "left", "right", etc. that indicate directions or positional relationships are only used to facilitate the description of the embodiments and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operate in a specific direction. Therefore, they should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0035] Example 1:

[0036] See also Figure 1 This embodiment discloses an active antenna detection and protection method, comprising the following steps:

[0037] The GNSS module 1 is initialized and connected to the GNSS active antenna 2. The GNSS module 1 supplies power to the GNSS active antenna 2 through its internal preset detection and protection module 11.

[0038] The detection and protection module 11 monitors the working status of the GNSS active antenna 2 in real time and simultaneously records the working status of the GNSS active antenna 2;

[0039] When an abnormal situation occurs, the protection circuit 112 preset in the detection and protection module 11 is automatically started to ensure the safety of the GNSS module 1 and the GNSS active antenna 2.

[0040] When this embodiment is working, it can realize a series of tasks such as power supply and data connection of the GNSS active antenna 2, real-time monitoring and recording of the working status of the GNSS active antenna 2, and automatic triggering of protection work in the event of an abnormal situation to protect the safety of the GNSS module 1 and the GNSS active antenna 2. It has a high degree of automation and a high safety factor. It is suitable for the design and operation of various GNSS modules 1 and has good versatility. By integrating the detection and protection module 11, the overall design difficulty of the GNSS module 1 can be effectively reduced, the number of parts can be reduced, the installation process can be reduced, and production costs can be saved, resulting in high economic benefits.

[0041] See also Figure 2 In a specific implementation, when the working status of the GNSS active antenna 2 is monitored in real time by the detection protection module 11, the following steps are adopted:

[0042] A1: The monitoring circuit preset in the detection protection module 11 monitors the power supply line between the GNSS module 1 and the GNSS active antenna 2 in real time, and transmits back the voltage and current data of the GNSS active antenna 2 when it is working;

[0043] A2: Record the voltage data and current data of the GNSS active antenna 2 at preset time intervals and store them as time series data of the working status of the GNSS active antenna 2.

[0044] Preferably, when an abnormal situation occurs, the protection circuit 112 preset in the detection and protection module 11 is automatically started to ensure the safety of the GNSS module 1 and the GNSS active antenna 2, and the following steps are adopted: when a short circuit is detected inside the GNSS active antenna 2, the protection circuit 112 preset in the detection and protection module 11 is started, the power supply line of the GNSS active antenna 2 is disconnected, and fault information is output to prompt and record the short circuit fault; when no current is detected in the power supply line between the GNSS module 1 and the GNSS active antenna 2, fault information is output to prompt and record the open circuit fault.

[0045] Example 2:

[0046] See also Figure 3 This embodiment provides an active antenna detection and protection method. The similarities with other embodiments are not repeated here, and the differences are described in detail below.

[0047] In this embodiment, when the working status of the GNSS active antenna 2 is monitored in real time by the detection protection module 11 and the working status of the GNSS active antenna 2 is synchronously recorded, the following steps are adopted to monitor the working status of the GNSS active antenna 2, synchronously record the working status of the GNSS active antenna 2 at preset time intervals, and store it as time series data of the working status of the GNSS active antenna 2. The time series data includes current data, voltage data, signal strength data and signal-to-noise ratio data when the GNSS active antenna 2 is working, and the signal strength data, signal-to-noise ratio data and current data and voltage data are aligned in time series.

[0048] Preferably, when an abnormal situation occurs, the protection circuit 112 preset in the detection protection module 11 is automatically started to ensure the safety of the GNSS module 1 and the GNSS active antenna 2, and the following steps are adopted:

[0049] B1: Obtain the time series data of the working status of the GNSS active antenna 2, establish a sliding window of appropriate specifications according to the preset time length, and calculate the derived key indicators of the multivariate data in the time series data;

[0050] B2: Monitor the change status of the derived key indicators of the multivariate data in the time series data through the preset abnormal state library, use the monitoring rules preset in the abnormal state library to determine whether the working status of the GNSS active antenna 2 is normal based on the derived key indicators of the multivariate data in the time series data, and output the type of abnormal situation;

[0051] B3: When an abnormal situation occurs, the GNSS module 1 performs corresponding protection work according to the determined type of abnormal situation.

[0052] In this embodiment, in step B2, the change state of the derived key indicators of the multivariate data in the time series data is monitored by the preset abnormal state library, and the monitoring rules preset in the abnormal state library are used to judge whether the working state of the GNSS active antenna 2 is normal according to the derived key indicators of the multivariate data in the time series data, and output the type of abnormal situation. The following steps are adopted to calculate the various derived parameters within the window period through a sliding window, and judge whether the working state of the GNSS active antenna 2 is normal according to several monitoring rules preset in the abnormal state library. For example, by monitoring the signal-to-noise ratio attenuation slope and the voltage and signal coupling coefficient, it is judged whether the positioning signal is in a continuous attenuation state, and the attenuation Is the attenuation caused by component failure or increased obstructions? When it is detected that the obstructions are increasing, the power can be increased to compensate for the impact of signal attenuation. For example, when the current fluctuation entropy and power effect deviation increase abnormally, while the voltage and signal coupling coefficient decrease, the abnormal situation is judged to be unstable power supply. At this time, the power supply line needs to be disconnected to protect the GNSS active antenna 2. By performing feature analysis on each abnormal situation and establishing respective monitoring rules, predictions can be made before the fault occurs. At the same time, timely protection methods can effectively improve the safety factor of the GNSS module 1 and the GNSS active antenna 2, extend the service life, and ensure the user experience.

[0053] In a specific implementation, in step B1, when establishing a sliding window of appropriate specifications according to a preset time length, the following steps are adopted: obtaining the current working scene of the GNSS module 1, determining the state change trend according to the current working scene, and establishing a sliding window of appropriate specifications after determining a matching time length;

[0054] In step B1, when calculating the derived key indicators of the multivariate data in the time series data, the derived key indicators include at least one of the power efficiency deviation, voltage and signal coupling coefficient, current fluctuation entropy, signal quality index and signal-to-noise ratio attenuation slope of the GNSS active antenna 2.

[0055] As a further improvement of this embodiment, the working status of the GNSS active antenna 2 is synchronously recorded according to a preset time interval, and when the time series data of the working status of the GNSS active antenna 2 is stored, the following steps are adopted to pre-process the recorded signal strength data, signal-to-noise ratio data, current data, and voltage data, and to perform time series interpolation on the current data and voltage data using a time series perception method, and to perform forward and backward padding on the data to match the corresponding signal strength data, and to mark the interpolation points, and to perform data cleaning on the recorded signal strength data and signal-to-noise ratio data, and to process abnormal values ​​and invalid values;

[0056] When aligning signal strength data, signal-to-noise ratio data, current data, and voltage data in time sequence, the following steps are used: timestamp standardization, determining the frequency of multi-source data acquisition to establish a unified time axis, and ensuring that the same time interval is maintained between current data, voltage data, signal strength data, and signal-to-noise ratio data.

[0057] Example 3:

[0058] See also Figure 1 This embodiment provides a GNSS module, which applies an active antenna detection and protection method according to any of the above aspects. The GNSS module 1 internally integrates a detection and protection module 11, which will be described in detail below.

[0059] In this embodiment, the data input end of the GNSS module 1 is data-connected to the signal output end of the corresponding GNSS active antenna 2. The detection and protection module 11 includes a detection circuit 111 for detecting the working state of the GNSS active antenna 2 and a protection circuit 112 for controlling the on / off of the power supply circuit between the GNSS module 1 and the GNSS active antenna 2. The power output end of the GNSS module 1 is connected to the power supply port of the GNSS active antenna 2 through the detection circuit 111 and the protection circuit 112. A GNSS IC 12 is provided inside the GNSS module 1. The status acquisition end of the GNSS IC 12 is connected to the status output end of the detection circuit 111, and the control signal output end of the GNSS IC 12 is connected to the control end of the protection circuit 112. When the GNSS active antenna 2 is working abnormally, the GNSS IC 12 controls the protection circuit 112 to disconnect the power supply of the GNSS active antenna 2.

[0060] During operation, the customer development board design only needs to connect the RFIN interface and RF_VCC interface of the GNSS module 1, which reduces the design difficulty and does not require the additional design of the GNSS active antenna 2 detection and protection circuit 112, thereby reducing the cost of the customer development board components. The customer development board can reduce the PCB design area and reduce the PCB cost.

[0061] Preferably, the detection circuit 111 includes a resistor R1, a resistor R2, and a resistor R3, and the protection circuit 112 includes a MOS transistor Q1, the source of the MOS transistor Q1 is connected to the first end of the resistor R1, the drain of the MOS transistor Q1 is connected to the power supply port of the GNSS active antenna 2, the gate of the MOS transistor Q1 is connected to the C port of the GNSS IC12, the second end of the resistor R1 is connected to the power supply and connected to the A port of the GNSSIC12 through the resistor R3, and the first end of the resistor R1 is connected to the B port of the GNSS IC12 through the resistor R2.

[0062] In a specific implementation, it also includes a data storage module for sequentially storing the working status data of the GNSS active antenna 2 and a data processing module for identifying working abnormalities of the GNSS active antenna 2 according to the working status data of the GNSS active antenna 2, and a data connection between the data processing module and the GNSS IC12.

[0063] See also Figure 4 During operation, when a short circuit occurs inside the GNSS active antenna 2, the current flowing through the resistor R1 will become abnormally large, causing the voltages of the A and B ports of the GNSS IC 12 to change. Assuming that the value set by the algorithm during a short circuit is "S", when the values ​​detected by the A and B ports of the GNSS IC 12 are equal to "S", it is considered that the state of the GNSS active antenna 2 is short-circuited, and the protection circuit 112 needs to be activated, that is, the C port of the GNSS IC 12 outputs a high level, the MOS tube Q1 switches, and the power supply of the GNSS active antenna 2 is disconnected, thereby protecting the GNSS active antenna 2 and the GNSS module 1, and printing the state of the GNSS active antenna 2 through the UART.

[0064] When the GNSS active antenna 2 is not connected properly and causes an open circuit, no current flows through the resistor R1. Assuming the open circuit is set to "0" in the algorithm, when the detection values ​​of the A port and the B port of the GNSS IC12 are equal to "0", the GNSS active antenna 2 is considered to be disconnected and open, and the status of the GNSS active antenna 2 is printed through the UART.

[0065] When the GNSS active antenna 2 is working, the current required for normal operation is about 30 mA. The voltage of the A port and the B port of the GNSS IC 12 is a certain value. Assuming that the value set by the algorithm is "N" under normal circumstances, when the check value is equal to "N", the antenna status is printed through the UART.

[0066] The beneficial technical effects of this embodiment include: this embodiment can realize the power supply, data connection, real-time monitoring and recording of the working status of the GNSS active antenna, and can automatically trigger protection work when an abnormal situation occurs to protect the safety of the GNSS module and the GNSS active antenna, etc. It has a high degree of automation and a high safety factor. It is suitable for various GNSS module designs and work uses, has good versatility, and can effectively reduce the overall design difficulty of the GNSS module and the number of parts through the integrated detection and protection module, reduce the installation process and save production costs, and has high economic benefits.

[0067] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention includes, but is not limited to, the contents described in the drawings and the above specific embodiments. Any modifications that do not deviate from the functional and structural principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An active antenna detection and protection method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The GNSS module (1) is initialized and connected to the GNSS active antenna (2), and the GNSS module (1) supplies power to the GNSS active antenna (2) through a detection and protection module (11) preset therein; The working state of the GNSS active antenna (2) is monitored in real time by the detection protection module (11), and the working state of the GNSS active antenna (2) is recorded synchronously; When an abnormal situation occurs, a protection circuit (112) preset in the detection protection module (11) is automatically started to ensure the safety of the GNSS module (1) and the GNSS active antenna (2).

2. The active antenna detection and protection method according to claim 1, wherein: When the working state of the GNSS active antenna (2) is monitored in real time by the detection protection module (11), the following steps are adopted: A1: monitoring the power supply line between the GNSS module (1) and the GNSS active antenna (2) in real time through a monitoring circuit preset in the detection protection module (11), and transmitting back the voltage data and current data of the GNSS active antenna (2) when it is working; A2: Record the voltage data and current data of the GNSS active antenna (2) at preset time intervals, and store them as time series data of the working state of the GNSS active antenna (2).

3. The active antenna detection and protection method according to claim 2, wherein: When an abnormal situation occurs, the protection circuit (112) preset in the detection and protection module (11) is automatically started to ensure the safety of the GNSS module (1) and the GNSS active antenna (2). The following steps are adopted: when a short circuit is detected inside the GNSS active antenna (2), the protection circuit (112) preset in the detection and protection module (11) is started, the power supply line of the GNSS active antenna (2) is disconnected, and fault information is output to prompt and record the short circuit fault; when no current is detected in the power supply line between the GNSS module (1) and the GNSS active antenna (2), fault information is output to prompt and record the open circuit fault.

4. The active antenna detection and protection method according to claim 1, wherein: When the working state of the GNSS active antenna (2) is monitored in real time by the detection protection module (11) and the working state of the GNSS active antenna (2) is synchronously recorded, the following steps are adopted to monitor the working state of the GNSS active antenna (2), synchronously record the working state of the GNSS active antenna (2) at preset time intervals, and store the data as time series data of the working state of the GNSS active antenna (2), wherein the time series data includes current data, voltage data, signal strength data and signal-to-noise ratio data when the GNSS active antenna (2) is working, and the signal strength data, signal-to-noise ratio data, current data and voltage data are aligned in time series.

5. The active antenna detection and protection method according to claim 4, wherein: When an abnormal situation occurs, the protection circuit (112) preset in the detection protection module (11) is automatically started to ensure the safety of the GNSS module (1) and the GNSS active antenna (2), and the following steps are taken: B1: Obtain the time series data of the working status of the GNSS active antenna (2), establish a sliding window of appropriate specifications according to the preset time length, and calculate the derived key indicators of the multivariate data in the time series data; B2: monitoring the change state of the derived key indicators of the multivariate data in the time series data through the preset abnormal state library, using the monitoring rules preset in the abnormal state library to judge whether the working state of the GNSS active antenna (2) is normal according to the derived key indicators of the multivariate data in the time series data, and outputting the type of abnormal situation; B3: When an abnormal situation occurs, the GNSS module (1) performs corresponding protection work according to the determined type of abnormal situation.

6. The active antenna detection and protection method according to claim 5, wherein: In step B1, when establishing a sliding window of appropriate specifications according to a preset time length, the following steps are adopted to obtain the current working scene of the GNSS module (1), determine the state change trend according to the current working scene, and establish a sliding window of appropriate specifications after determining the matching time length; In the step B1, when calculating the derived key indicators of the multivariate data in the time series data, the derived key indicators include at least one of the power efficiency deviation, voltage fluctuation rate, current fluctuation entropy, signal quality index and signal-to-noise ratio attenuation slope of the GNSS active antenna (2).

7. The active antenna detection and protection method according to claim 4, wherein: When synchronously recording the working state of the GNSS active antenna (2) at a preset time interval and storing the data as time series data of the working state of the GNSS active antenna (2), the following steps are adopted: pre-processing the recorded signal strength data, signal-to-noise ratio data, current data, and voltage data; performing time series interpolation on the current data and voltage data using a time series perception method; performing forward and backward padding on the data to match the corresponding signal strength data; marking the interpolation points; and performing data cleaning on the recorded signal strength data and signal-to-noise ratio data to process abnormal values ​​and invalid values; When aligning signal strength data, signal-to-noise ratio data, current data, and voltage data in time sequence, the following steps are used: timestamp standardization, determining the frequency of multi-source data acquisition to establish a unified time axis, and ensuring that the same time interval is maintained between current data, voltage data, signal strength data, and signal-to-noise ratio data.

8. A GNSS module, applying the active antenna detection and protection method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The GNSS module (1) is internally integrated with a detection protection module (11). The data input end of the GNSS module (1) is data-connected to the signal output end of the corresponding GNSS active antenna (2). The detection protection module (11) includes a detection circuit (111) for detecting the working state of the GNSS active antenna (2) and a protection circuit (112) for controlling the on / off of the power supply circuit between the GNSS module (1) and the GNSS active antenna (2). The power output end of the GNSS module (1) is connected to the power supply port of the GNSS active antenna (2) through the detection circuit (111) and the protection circuit (112). The GNSS module (1) is internally provided with a GNSS IC (12). The state acquisition end of the GNSS IC (12) is connected to the state output end of the detection circuit (111). The control signal output end of the GNSS IC (12) is connected to the control end of the protection circuit (112). When the GNSS active antenna (2) operates abnormally, the IC (12) controls the protection circuit (112) to disconnect the power supply to the GNSS active antenna (2).

9. A GNSS module according to claim 8, characterized in that: The detection circuit (111) includes a resistor R1, a resistor R2, and a resistor R3; the protection circuit (112) includes a MOS transistor Q1; a source of the MOS transistor Q1 is connected to a first end of the resistor R1; a drain of the MOS transistor Q1 is connected to a power supply port of the GNSS active antenna (2); a gate of the MOS transistor Q1 is connected to a C port of the GNSS IC (12); a second end of the resistor R1 is connected to a power supply and is connected to an A port of the GNSS IC (12) via the resistor R3; and a first end of the resistor R1 is connected to a B port of the GNSS IC (12) via the resistor R2.

10. The GNSS module according to claim 8, wherein: It also includes a data storage module for sequentially storing the working status data of the GNSS active antenna (2) and a data processing module for identifying working abnormalities of the GNSS active antenna (2) based on the working status data of the GNSS active antenna (2), wherein the data processing module and the GNSSIC (12) are data-connected.

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