Knee joint prosthesis

Abstract

The invention discloses a knee joint prosthesis. The knee joint prosthesis comprises a thighbone component, a tibia component and a prosthesis coating. The tibia component comprises a tibia cushion block mechanism, a tibia articular surface liner mechanism, a tibia long rod mechanism, a medicine inserting cavity and a long rod slow-release medicine guide hole. The bending and stretching movement of a natural knee joint can be simulated between the thighbone component and the tibia component; in the postoperative stage, a sustained-release drug tablet is inserted into a drug insertion cavity, is guided downwards through a long-rod sustained-release drug guide hole, sequentially passes through a tibia cushion block mechanism and a tibia long-rod mechanism, and is gradually released to peripheral tissues of a knee joint prosthesis through the long-rod sustained-release drug guide hole; longitudinal three-dimensional medicine slow release from the articular surface to the marrow cavity is achieved, local infection can be restrained, postoperative inflammatory response can be relieved, the anti-infection effect is improved, the overall structure is designed in a modular mode, surgical operation, medicine supplement and assembly maintenance are facilitated, and good use convenience and safety are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of medical devices, and in particular to a knee joint prosthesis. Background Art

[0002] In the medical field, knee joint diseases are common problems that are highly prevalent and seriously affect patients' quality of life. Especially in the context of an aging population, the incidence of degenerative diseases such as knee injuries and osteoarthritis continues to rise. Artificial knee replacement surgery has become an important means to improve patients' walking and motor functions. However, in existing surgeries, knee prostheses are prone to infection after a period of time. Once an infection occurs, the original knee prosthesis often needs to be removed as a whole and debrided, and then the knee prosthesis needs to be implanted again, that is, a second operation needs to be performed. This not only increases the patient's trauma and recovery burden, but also increases the risk of infection spread and postoperative complications. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to improve the defects of existing knee joint prostheses that are prone to infection after a period of implantation and secondary surgical treatments tend to increase the risk of patient trauma and infection spread, the present application provides a knee joint prosthesis.

[0004] The present application provides a knee joint prosthesis adopting the following technical solution: A knee joint prosthesis comprises a femoral component, a tibial component movably connected to the femoral component, and prosthetic coatings respectively provided on the outer side walls of the femoral component and the tibial component; The tibial component includes a tibial pad mechanism, a tibial articular surface liner mechanism connected to the upper side of the tibial pad mechanism, and a tibial long rod mechanism connected to the lower side of the tibial pad mechanism. The tibial articular surface liner mechanism is provided with a drug insertion cavity, and the tibial long rod mechanism is provided with a long rod sustained-release drug guide hole for connecting the drug insertion cavity with the external space of the tibial long rod mechanism.

[0005] By adopting the above technical solution, after the knee joint prosthesis is implanted, the femoral component and the tibial component can simulate the flexion and extension activities of the natural knee joint. The tibial joint surface padding mechanism has a buffering and sliding function, cooperating with the femoral component to perform relative rolling and sliding, thereby ensuring the stability and smoothness of the joint movement. A drug insertion cavity is provided inside the tibial joint surface padding mechanism. In the postoperative stage, a sustained-release drug tablet is inserted into the drug insertion cavity, and the sustained-release drug tablet is downwardly introduced through the long rod sustained-release guide hole, passing through the tibial pad mechanism and the tibial long rod mechanism in turn, and gradually released to the tissues around the knee joint prosthesis through the long rod sustained-release guide hole, thereby realizing longitudinal three-dimensional drug sustained release from the joint surface to the bone marrow cavity, which helps to inhibit local infection, reduce postoperative inflammatory response, and enhance anti-infection effect. The overall structure of this application adopts a modular design, which is convenient for surgical operation, drug replenishment and component maintenance, and has good ease of use and safety.

[0006] Preferably, the tibial articular surface padding mechanism includes a padding mechanism body, a tibial connecting protrusion provided on the upper side of the padding mechanism body and used for being movably inserted into the femoral component, and an end cover assembly provided on one side of the padding mechanism body; the drug insertion cavity is provided inside the padding mechanism body, and a tablet insertion port for connecting the drug insertion cavity with the external space is provided on the padding mechanism body, and the end cover assembly is provided at the position of the tablet insertion port.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, the tibial connecting protrusion is used to be inserted into the femoral component, so that a stable sliding fit is formed between the pad mechanism body and the femoral component, thereby realizing the flexion and extension movement function of the knee joint prosthesis. The drug insertion cavity is arranged inside the pad mechanism body as a drug storage structure. In the postoperative stage, the sustained-release drug tablets are replenished through the tablet insertion interface. When the sustained-release drug tablets need to be replaced or replenished, only minimally invasive surgery is required at the position of the end cover assembly, and the end cover assembly is opened. The sustained-release drug tablet is inserted into the drug insertion cavity through the tablet insertion interface, and then the end cover assembly is closed to complete the closure. The setting of the end cover assembly ensures that the tablet insertion interface has good sealing performance and the convenience of reuse, avoiding external contamination and drug loss. The present application not only realizes the physiological movement function of the knee joint prosthesis, but also integrates a drug storage and release interface, which is convenient for postoperative infection control and the implementation of personalized treatment plans. It has the beneficial effects of compact structure, simple operation and strong clinical adaptability.

[0008] Preferably, the upper side of the pad mechanism body is provided with a first tablet sustained-release through hole connected to the drug insertion cavity, the lower side of the pad mechanism body is provided with a second tablet sustained-release through hole connected to the drug insertion cavity, and the tibial pad mechanism is provided with a tibial pad through hole located between the second tablet sustained-release through hole and the long rod sustained-release drug guide hole and used to connect the second tablet sustained-release through hole and the long rod sustained-release drug guide hole.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, after the sustained-release drug tablet is inserted into the drug insertion cavity, it can be released to the upper part of the knee joint prosthesis through the first tablet sustained-release through hole, thereby realizing slow drug administration to the femoral end or the upper tissue of the joint cavity. At the same time, the sustained-release drug tablet can also pass downward through the second tablet sustained-release through hole into the tibial pad through hole, and then realize sustained-release delivery to the distal end of the tibia along the depth direction through the long rod sustained-release drug guide hole. The present application forms an upper and lower through-type drug conduction path starting from the insertion port, passing through the pad mechanism body, the tibial pad mechanism and up to the tibial long rod mechanism, which can realize two-way three-dimensional drug efficacy coverage, improve the diffusion efficiency of the drug between different tissue levels, realize local infection control and postoperative tissue repair, and not only has a clear sustained-release path, but also improves the uniformity of drug efficacy distribution.

[0010] Preferably, the long rod sustained-release drug guide hole includes a longitudinal sustained-release guide hole arranged along the length direction of the tibial long rod mechanism and connected to the tibial pad through hole, and a transverse sustained-release guide hole located on the side wall of the tibial long rod mechanism and connected to the longitudinal sustained-release guide hole. The transverse sustained-release guide holes are arranged in an array along the length direction and circumference of the tibial long rod mechanism.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the drug enters the longitudinal sustained-release guide hole in sequence through the upper drug insertion cavity, the second tablet sustained-release through hole and the tibial pad through hole, and then diffuses to the circumferential external tissue area of ​​the tibial long rod mechanism through multiple transverse sustained-release guide holes, thereby realizing multi-point release and continuous penetration of the drug; by arranging multiple transverse guide holes along the length direction, not only can the distribution of drug efficacy at different depth positions of the long rod be realized, but the structure of the circumferential array can also expand the coverage of drug action, thereby improving the comprehensiveness and uniformity of sustained-release treatment, and achieving the purpose of continuously and targetedly inhibiting postoperative infection and promoting tissue repair. The present application has the beneficial effects of complete drug guide path, high release stability, uniform drug efficacy distribution, and adaptability to different implantation depths.

[0012] Preferably, the end cover assembly includes an end cover body hinged to the pad mechanism body at one end, a first magnetic component connected to the other end of the end cover body, and a second magnetic component connected to the pad mechanism body and tightly magnetically engaged with the first magnetic component.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the end cover body can be rotated around the hinge axis relative to the pad mechanism body to open or close through the hinge structure. When it is necessary to replenish or replace the medicine at the tablet insertion interface, the operator can rotate the end cover body to expose the tablet insertion interface. After completing the operation, the end cover body is rotated back to the closed state. The first magnetic component and the second magnetic component are automatically fitted together, and a quick and stable closure is achieved by magnetic attraction without the need for complex operations such as screw locking. While realizing the repeatable opening and closing function, the present application ensures sealing reliability and ease of operation, which is convenient for intraoperative or postoperative drug replenishment and avoids infection or contamination caused by exposure of the drug cavity.

[0014] Preferably, the prosthesis coating is any one of a hydroxyapatite coating, a zirconium oxide ceramic coating, a titanium powder coating, a titanium powder hydroxyapatite coating, and a tantalum coating.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solutions, the hydroxyapatite coating can quickly induce bone tissue growth and enhance bone integration after prosthesis implantation; the zirconium oxide ceramic coating improves the durability and stability of the prosthesis during joint movement; the titanium powder coating can effectively alleviate the stress shielding problem between the prosthesis and bone tissue and promote bone tissue growth; the titanium powder hydroxyapatite coating can enhance bone integration ability while ensuring mechanical properties; the tantalum coating has good elastic modulus matching, and promotes new bone growth and rapid bone ingrowth, thereby enhancing the initial stability and long-term fixation effect of the knee joint prosthesis. By selecting any of the above prosthetic coatings, the wear resistance, bioactivity, bone integration ability and service life of the knee joint prosthesis can be effectively improved, the stability of the prosthesis can be enhanced, postoperative complications can be reduced, and the recovery period can be shortened.

[0016] Preferably, the tibial pad mechanism includes a tibial pad body, a long rod fixing seat connected to the lower side of the tibial pad body, a first pad connecting protrusion provided on one side of the tibial pad body and used for inserting into the pad mechanism body, a second pad connecting protrusion provided on the other side of the tibial pad body and used for inserting into the pad mechanism body, and a locking cross bar inserted into the side wall of the second pad connecting protrusion in the transverse direction; The pad mechanism body is provided with a first limiting groove for inserting the first pad block connecting protrusion, a second limiting groove for inserting the second pad block connecting protrusion, and a locking strip groove provided on the side wall of the pad mechanism body and connected to the second limiting groove, and the locking cross bar is inserted into the locking strip groove.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the first pad block connecting convex edge is used to be inserted into the first limiting groove, and the second pad block connecting convex edge is used to be inserted into the second limiting groove to achieve preliminary positioning, and then the locking cross bar is pushed laterally into the locking strip groove and engaged with the second pad block connecting convex edge to clamp, thereby realizing the rapid installation and reliable locking of the tibial pad mechanism and the pad mechanism body. This application is not only easy to assemble and accurately positioned, but also firmly locked, which can prevent loosening or dislocation during the movement of the prosthesis.

[0018] Preferably, a pad block limiting groove is provided on the side of the first pad block connecting protrusion close to the second pad block connecting protrusion, and a pad block limiting protrusion for inserting into the pad block limiting groove is provided on the pad mechanism body, and the pad block limiting protrusion is located on the side edge close to the opening end of the first limiting groove.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, when the first pad block connecting protrusion is inserted into the first limiting groove, the pad block limiting groove cooperates with the pad block limiting protrusion, and the pad block limiting protrusion is inserted into the pad block limiting groove and engages with each other, thereby forming a limiting constraint in the insertion direction of the first pad block connecting protrusion, preventing the first pad block connecting protrusion from axial movement or loosening. The present application further fixes and precisely positions the connection position between the tibial pad mechanism and the pad mechanism body through the concave-convex matching method, thereby improving the stability and shear resistance of the component matching.

[0020] Preferably, the tibial long rod mechanism includes a tibial medicine guide rod inserted into and connected to the long rod fixing seat, an eccentric connecting assembly threadedly engaged with the end of the tibial medicine guide rod, and a tibial extension rod threadedly engaged with the eccentric connecting assembly, and the long rod sustained-release medicine guide hole is provided on the tibial medicine guide rod.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the tibial medicine guide rod is used to be inserted into the long rod fixing seat and fixed to form a longitudinal connection with the tibial pad mechanism; the eccentric connection assembly is installed to the lower end of the tibial medicine guide rod by threaded connection, and the tibial extension rod is further threadedly connected to the eccentric connection assembly, so that the tibial long rod mechanism can be adjusted in length according to the implantation depth and individual anatomical differences; the eccentric connection assembly can achieve fine-tuning of the connection angle or direction to enhance the stability and adaptability of the tibial long rod mechanism in the bone marrow cavity. This application improves assembly flexibility, adjustment convenience and stability, and can also meet the personalized implantation needs of different patients during surgery, and improve the postoperative drug efficacy coverage and bone integration effect.

[0022] Preferably, the femoral component includes a femoral body, a femoral extension rod connected to the femoral body, and a femoral pad connected to the inner wall of the femoral body. The femoral body is provided with a tibial connection groove for movably inserting the tibial connection protrusion on the side away from the femoral extension rod.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the tibial connecting flange is used to be inserted into the tibial connecting groove, and the precise docking and movable articulation between the tibial component and the femoral component are achieved through the guiding cooperation between the tibial connecting flange and the tibial connecting groove. The femoral pad is used to cooperate with the end of the femur to limit the insertion depth of the femoral extension rod and enhance the connection stability. The femoral extension rod is used to be inserted into the patient's femur to improve the axial support strength in the medullary cavity after the prosthesis is implanted. This application not only realizes the movable connection between the upper and lower components of the prosthesis, but also ensures the connection accuracy and movement smoothness through structural guidance and cooperation contact, thereby improving the assembly positioning accuracy, connection stability, and adaptability.

[0024] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. After the knee joint prosthesis is implanted, the femoral component and the tibial component can simulate the flexion and extension of the natural knee joint. The tibial articular surface lining mechanism has a buffering and sliding function, cooperating with the femoral component to perform relative rolling and sliding, thereby ensuring the stability and smoothness of the joint movement. A drug insertion cavity is provided inside the tibial articular surface lining mechanism. In the postoperative stage, a sustained-release drug tablet is inserted into the drug insertion cavity, and the sustained-release drug tablet is introduced downward through the long rod sustained-release guide hole, passes through the tibial pad mechanism and the tibial long rod mechanism in sequence, and is gradually released to the tissues around the knee joint prosthesis through the long rod sustained-release guide hole, thereby realizing longitudinal three-dimensional drug sustained release from the articular surface to the medullary cavity, which helps to inhibit local infection, reduce postoperative inflammatory response, and enhance anti-infection effect. The overall structure of this application adopts a modular design, which is convenient for surgical operation, drug replenishment and component maintenance, and has good convenience and safety in use; 2. The tibial connecting protrusion is used to be inserted into the femoral component, so that a stable sliding fit is formed between the liner mechanism body and the femoral component, thereby realizing the flexion and extension movement function of the knee joint prosthesis. The drug insertion cavity is arranged inside the liner mechanism body as a drug storage structure. In the postoperative stage, the sustained-release drug tablet is replenished through the tablet insertion interface. When the sustained-release drug tablet needs to be replaced or replenished, only minimally invasive surgery is required at the position of the end cover assembly, and the end cover assembly is opened. The sustained-release drug tablet is inserted into the drug insertion cavity through the tablet insertion interface, and then the end cover assembly is closed to complete the sealing. The setting of the end cover assembly ensures that the tablet insertion interface has good sealing performance and the convenience of repeated use, avoiding external contamination and drug loss. This application not only realizes the physiological movement function of the knee joint prosthesis, but also integrates a drug storage and release interface, which is convenient for postoperative infection control and the implementation of personalized treatment plans. It has the beneficial effects of compact structure, simple operation and strong clinical adaptability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the embodiment of the present application Figure 1 .

[0025] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of part A.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the decomposition structure of the embodiment of the present application Figure 1 .

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the embodiment of the present application Figure 2 .

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the decomposition structure of the embodiment of the present application Figure 2 .

[0029] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the tibial component according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0030] Description of reference numerals: 1. Femoral component; 11. Femoral body; 12. Femoral extension rod; 13. Femoral pad; 14. Tibial connection groove; 2. Tibial component; 21. Tibial pad mechanism; 22. Tibial joint surface liner mechanism; 23. Tibial long rod mechanism; 24. Drug insertion cavity; 25. Long rod sustained-release drug guide hole; 211. Tibial pad through hole; 212. Tibial pad body; 213. Long rod fixing seat; 214. First pad connection flange; 215. Second pad connection flange; 216. Locking cross bar; 221. Liner mechanism body; 222. Tibial connection flange; 223. End cap assembly ; 224, tablet insertion port; 231, tibial drug guide rod; 232, eccentric connection assembly; 233, tibial extension rod; 251, longitudinal sustained-release guide hole; 252, transverse sustained-release guide hole; 2141, pad limiting groove; 2211, first tablet sustained-release through hole; 2212, second tablet sustained-release through hole; 2213, first limiting groove; 2214, second limiting groove; 2215, locking strip groove; 2216, pad limiting ridge; 2231, end cover body; 2232, first magnetic component; 2233, second magnetic component; 3, prosthetic coating; 4, sustained-release drug tablet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following is combined with Figures 1 to 6 This application is described in further detail.

[0032] The present application discloses a knee joint prosthesis. Figure 1 and Figure 2 , a knee joint prosthesis, comprising a femoral component 1, a tibial component 2 movably connected to the femoral component 1, and a prosthetic coating 3 respectively provided on the outer side walls of the femoral component 1 and the tibial component 2; The tibial component 2 includes a tibial pad mechanism 21, a tibial articular surface pad mechanism 22 connected to the upper side of the tibial pad mechanism 21, and a tibial long rod mechanism 23 connected to the lower side of the tibial pad mechanism 21. The tibial articular surface pad mechanism 22 is provided with a drug insertion cavity 24, and the tibial long rod mechanism 23 is provided with a long rod sustained-release drug guide hole 25 for connecting the drug insertion cavity 24 with the external space of the tibial long rod mechanism 23.

[0033] After the knee joint prosthesis of this application is implanted, the femoral component 1 and the tibial component 2 can simulate the flexion and extension activities of the natural knee joint. The tibial joint surface pad mechanism 22 has a buffering and sliding function, cooperating with the femoral component 1 for relative rolling and sliding, ensuring the stability and smoothness of the joint movement. A drug insertion cavity 24 is provided inside the tibial joint surface pad mechanism 22. In the postoperative stage, a sustained-release drug tablet is inserted into the drug insertion cavity 24, and the sustained-release drug tablet is introduced downward through the long rod sustained-release guide hole 25, passing through the tibial pad mechanism 21 and the tibial long rod mechanism 23 in turn, and gradually released to the tissues around the knee joint prosthesis through the long rod sustained-release guide hole 25, realizing longitudinal three-dimensional drug sustained release from the joint surface to the bone marrow cavity, which helps to inhibit local infection, reduce postoperative inflammatory response, and enhance anti-infection effect. The overall structure of this application adopts a modular design, which is convenient for surgical operation, drug replenishment and component maintenance, and has good ease of use and safety.

[0034] The present application also includes a sustained-release drug tablet 4 inserted into the drug insertion cavity 24. The sustained-release drug tablet 4 includes a drug and a carrier. The drug is preferably one or more of an anti-infective drug (such as vancomycin, gentamicin, cefuroxime, clindamycin), an anti-inflammatory drug (such as dexamethasone, ibuprofen), and / or a bone repair promoter (such as bone morphogenetic protein BMP-2). The carrier material is preferably a biodegradable polymer material (such as polylactic acid (PLA), polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), gelatin), an inorganic carrier (such as hydroxyapatite powder, bioceramic microparticles), a bone cement matrix (such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), or a combination thereof. The sustained-release drug tablet also includes an adjuvant for regulating the drug release rate and enhancing structural stability. The sustained-release drug tablet of the present application can achieve continuous and stable drug release, achieving the beneficial effects of preventing postoperative infection, inhibiting inflammation, and promoting bone integration.

[0035] Furthermore, if Figure 3As shown, the tibial articular surface padding mechanism 22 includes a padding mechanism body 221, a tibial connecting flange 222 provided on the upper side of the padding mechanism body 221 and used for being movably inserted into the femoral component 1, and an end cover assembly 223 provided on one side of the padding mechanism body 221; the drug insertion cavity 24 is provided inside the padding mechanism body 221, and a tablet insertion port 224 for connecting the drug insertion cavity 24 with the external space is provided on the padding mechanism body 221, and the end cover assembly 223 is covered at the position of the tablet insertion port 224.

[0036] The tibial connection protrusion 222 of the present application is used to be inserted into the femoral component 1, so that a stable sliding fit is formed between the pad mechanism body 221 and the femoral component 1, thereby realizing the flexion and extension movement function of the knee joint prosthesis. The drug insertion cavity 24 is arranged inside the pad mechanism body 221, serving as a drug storage structure. In the postoperative stage, the sustained-release drug tablets are replenished through the tablet insertion port 224. When the sustained-release drug tablets 4 need to be replaced or replenished, only minimally invasive surgery is required at the position of the end cap assembly 223, and the end cap assembly 223 is opened. The sustained-release drug tablet 4 is inserted into the drug insertion cavity 24 through the tablet insertion port 224, and then the end cap assembly 223 is closed to complete the sealing. The setting of the end cap assembly 223 ensures that the tablet insertion port 224 has good sealing performance and the convenience of reuse, avoiding external contamination and drug loss. The present application not only realizes the physiological movement function of the knee joint prosthesis, but also integrates a drug storage and release interface, which is convenient for postoperative infection control and the implementation of personalized treatment plans. It has the beneficial effects of compact structure, simple operation and strong clinical adaptability.

[0037] Furthermore, if Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, a first tablet sustained-release through hole 2211 communicating with the drug insertion cavity 24 is provided on the upper side of the pad mechanism body 221, a second tablet sustained-release through hole 2212 communicating with the drug insertion cavity 24 is provided on the lower side of the pad mechanism body 221, and a tibial pad through hole 211 located between the second tablet sustained-release through hole 2212 and the long rod sustained-release drug guide hole 25 and used to connect the second tablet sustained-release through hole 2212 and the long rod sustained-release drug guide hole 25 is provided on the tibial pad mechanism 21.

[0038] After the sustained-release drug tablet 4 of the present application is inserted into the drug insertion cavity 24, it can be released to the upper part of the knee joint prosthesis through the first tablet sustained-release through hole 2211, thereby realizing slow drug administration to the femoral end or the upper tissue of the joint cavity. At the same time, the sustained-release drug tablet 4 can also pass downward through the second tablet sustained-release through hole 2212 into the tibial pad through hole 211, and then realize sustained-release delivery to the distal end of the tibia along the depth direction through the long rod sustained-release drug guide hole 25. The present application forms an upper and lower through-type drug conduction path starting from the insertion port, passing through the pad mechanism body 221, the tibial pad mechanism 21 and up to the tibial long rod mechanism 23, which can realize two-way three-dimensional drug efficacy coverage, improve the diffusion efficiency of the drug between different tissue levels, realize local infection control and postoperative tissue repair, and not only has a clear sustained-release path, but also improves the uniformity of drug efficacy distribution.

[0039] Specifically, if Figure 4 As shown, the long rod sustained-release drug guide hole 25 includes a longitudinal sustained-release guide hole 251 arranged along the length direction of the tibial long rod mechanism 23 and connected to the tibial pad through hole 211, and a transverse sustained-release guide hole 252 located on the side wall of the tibial long rod mechanism 23 and connected to the longitudinal sustained-release guide hole 251. The transverse sustained-release guide holes 252 are arranged in an array along the length direction and circumference of the tibial long rod mechanism 23.

[0040] The drug of the present application enters the longitudinal sustained-release guide hole 251 in sequence through the upper drug insertion cavity 24, the second tablet sustained-release through hole 2212 and the tibial pad through hole 211, and then diffuses to the circumferential external tissue area of ​​the tibial long rod mechanism 23 through multiple transverse sustained-release guide holes 252, thereby realizing multi-point release and continuous penetration of the drug; by arranging multiple transverse sustained-release guide holes 252 along the length direction, not only can the distribution of drug efficacy at different depth positions of the long rod be realized, but also the structure of the circumferential array can expand the coverage of drug action, thereby improving the comprehensiveness and uniformity of sustained-release treatment, and achieving the purpose of continuously and targetedly inhibiting postoperative infection and promoting tissue repair. The present application has the beneficial effects of complete drug guide path, high release stability, uniform distribution of drug efficacy, and adaptability to different implantation depths.

[0041] More specifically, if Figure 3 As shown, the end cover assembly 223 includes an end cover body 2231 hinged to the pad mechanism body 221 at one end, a first magnetic component 2232 connected to the other end of the end cover body 2231, and a second magnetic component 2233 connected to the pad mechanism body 221 and tightly magnetically engaged with the first magnetic component 2232.

[0042] The end cover body 2231 of the present application can be rotated around the hinge axis relative to the pad mechanism body 221 to open or close through a hinge structure. When it is necessary to replenish or replace medicine at the tablet insertion port 224, the operator can rotate the end cover body 2231 to expose the tablet insertion port 224. After completing the operation, the end cover body 2231 is rotated back to the closed state. The first magnetic component 2232 and the second magnetic component 2233 are automatically fitted together, and rely on magnetic attraction to achieve rapid and stable closure without the need for complex operations such as screw locking. While realizing the repeatable opening and closing function, the present application ensures sealing reliability and ease of operation, which is convenient for intraoperative or postoperative drug replenishment and avoids infection or contamination caused by exposure of the drug cavity.

[0043] The first magnetic component 2232 is preferably made of neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) permanent magnet material, and the surface of the first magnetic component 2232 is provided with a titanium metal coating to enhance biocompatibility and corrosion resistance; the second magnetic component 2233 is preferably made of medical stainless steel or iron-nickel alloy, and is used to magnetically cooperate with the first magnetic component 2232 to achieve the repeatable opening and closing or locking function of the end cover assembly 223.

[0044] In addition, if Figure 2 As shown, the prosthesis coating 3 is any one of a hydroxyapatite coating, a zirconium oxide ceramic coating, a titanium powder coating, a titanium powder hydroxyapatite coating, and a tantalum coating.

[0045] The hydroxyapatite coating of the present application has a chemical composition and crystal structure similar to that of human bone tissue, and can quickly induce bone tissue growth and enhance bone integration after prosthesis implantation; the zirconium oxide ceramic coating provides excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance, improving the durability and stability of the prosthesis during joint movement; the titanium powder coating has a low elastic modulus and good biocompatibility, which can effectively alleviate the stress shielding problem between the prosthesis and bone tissue and promote bone tissue growth; the titanium powder hydroxyapatite coating has the mechanical strength of titanium material and the biological activity of hydroxyapatite, overcoming the problem of insufficient strength of hydroxyapatite and enhancing bone integration ability while ensuring mechanical properties; the tantalum coating provides higher porosity and bone induction through a porous structure, not only has good elastic modulus matching, but also promotes new bone growth and rapid bone ingrowth, enhancing the initial stability and long-term fixation effect of the knee joint prosthesis. Therefore, by selecting any of the above prosthetic coatings 3, the wear resistance, bioactivity, bone integration ability and service life of the knee joint prosthesis can be effectively improved, the stability of the prosthesis can be enhanced, postoperative complications can be reduced, and the recovery period can be shortened.

[0046] And, as Figure 3 and Figure 5As shown, the tibial pad mechanism 21 includes a tibial pad body 212, a long rod fixing seat 213 connected to the lower side of the tibial pad body 212, a first pad connecting protrusion 214 provided on one side of the tibial pad body 212 and used to be inserted into the pad mechanism body 221, a second pad connecting protrusion 215 provided on the other side of the tibial pad body 212 and used to be inserted into the pad mechanism body 221, and a locking cross bar 216 inserted into the side wall of the second pad connecting protrusion 215 in the transverse direction. The pad mechanism body 221 is provided with a first limiting groove 2213 for inserting the first pad block connecting protrusion 214, a second limiting groove 2214 for inserting the second pad block connecting protrusion 215, and a locking strip groove 2215 provided on the side wall of the pad mechanism body 221 and connected to the second limiting groove 2214, and the locking cross bar 216 is inserted in the locking strip groove 2215.

[0047] The first pad block connecting protrusion 214 of the present application is used to be inserted into the first limiting groove 2213, and the second pad block connecting protrusion 215 is used to be inserted into the second limiting groove 2214 to achieve preliminary positioning, and then the locking cross bar 216 is pushed laterally into the locking strip groove 2215 to cooperate with the second pad block connecting protrusion 215 to clamp, thereby realizing the rapid installation and reliable locking of the tibial pad mechanism 21 and the pad mechanism body 221. The present application is not only easy to assemble and accurately positioned, but also securely locked, and can prevent the prosthesis from loosening or dislocation during movement.

[0048] Furthermore, if Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, a pad limiting groove 2141 is further provided on the side of the first pad connecting protrusion 214 close to the second pad connecting protrusion 215, and a pad limiting protrusion 2216 for inserting into the pad limiting groove 2141 is provided on the pad mechanism body 221, and the pad limiting protrusion 2216 is located on the side edge close to the opening end of the first limiting groove 2213.

[0049] When the first pad connecting protrusion 214 is inserted into the first limiting groove 2213 in the present application, the pad limiting groove 2141 cooperates with the pad limiting protrusion 2216, and the pad limiting protrusion 2216 is inserted into the pad limiting groove 2141 and engages with each other, thereby forming a limiting constraint in the insertion direction of the first pad connecting protrusion 214, preventing the first pad connecting protrusion 214 from axial movement or loosening. The present application further fixes and precisely positions the connection position between the tibial pad mechanism 21 and the pad mechanism body 221 through a concave-convex matching method, thereby improving the stability and shear resistance of the component matching.

[0050] Furthermore, if Figure 3As shown, the tibial long rod mechanism 23 includes a tibial medicine guide rod 231 inserted into and connected to the long rod fixing seat 213, an eccentric connecting component 232 threadedly engaged with the end of the tibial medicine guide rod 231, and a tibial extension rod 233 threadedly engaged with the eccentric connecting component 232. The long rod sustained-release medicine guide hole 25 is provided on the tibial medicine guide rod 231.

[0051] The tibial medicine guide rod 231 of the present application is used to be inserted into the long rod fixing seat 213 and completed to form a longitudinal connection with the tibial pad mechanism 21; the eccentric connecting component 232 is installed to the lower end of the tibial medicine guide rod 231 by threaded connection, and the tibial extension rod 233 is further threadedly connected to the eccentric connecting component 232, so that the tibial long rod mechanism 23 can be adjusted in length according to the implantation depth and individual anatomical differences; the eccentric connecting component 232 can achieve fine-tuning of the connection angle or direction to enhance the stability and adaptability of the tibial long rod mechanism 23 in the bone marrow cavity. The present application improves the assembly flexibility, adjustment convenience and stability, and can also meet the personalized implantation needs of different patients during surgery, and improve the postoperative drug efficacy coverage and bone integration effect.

[0052] Specifically, if Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the femoral component 1 includes a femoral body 11, a femoral extension rod 12 connected to the femoral body 11, and a femoral pad 13 connected to the inner wall of the femoral body 11. The femoral body 11 is provided with a tibial connection groove 14 on the side away from the femoral extension rod 12 for the tibial connection flange 222 to be movably inserted.

[0053] The tibial connecting flange 222 of the present application is used to be inserted into the tibial connecting groove 14, and the precise docking and movable articulation between the tibial component 2 and the femoral component 1 are achieved through the guiding cooperation between the tibial connecting flange 222 and the tibial connecting groove 14. The femoral pad 13 is used to cooperate with the end of the femur to limit the insertion depth of the femoral extension rod 12 and enhance the connection stability. The femoral extension rod 12 is used to be inserted into the patient's femur to enhance the axial support strength in the medullary cavity after the prosthesis is implanted. The present application not only realizes the movable connection between the upper and lower components of the prosthesis, but also ensures the connection accuracy and movement smoothness through structural guidance and cooperation contact, thereby improving the assembly positioning accuracy, connection stability, and adaptability.

[0054] The implementation principle of a knee joint prosthesis in the embodiment of the present application is as follows: After the knee joint prosthesis is implanted, the femoral component 1 and the tibial component 2 can simulate the flexion and extension of the natural knee joint. The tibial articular surface liner mechanism 22 has a buffering and sliding function, and cooperates with the femoral component 1 to perform relative rolling and sliding, thereby ensuring the stability and smoothness of the joint movement. A drug insertion cavity 24 is provided inside the tibial articular surface liner mechanism 22. In the postoperative stage, a sustained-release drug tablet is inserted into the drug insertion cavity 24, and the sustained-release drug tablet is introduced downward through the long rod sustained-release guide hole 25, passes through the tibial pad mechanism 21 and the tibial long rod mechanism 23 in turn, and is gradually released to the tissues around the knee joint prosthesis through the long rod sustained-release guide hole 25, thereby realizing longitudinal three-dimensional drug sustained release from the articular surface to the bone marrow cavity, which helps to inhibit local infection, reduce postoperative inflammatory response, and enhance anti-infection effect. The overall structure of the present application adopts a modular design, which is convenient for surgical operation, drug replenishment and component maintenance, and has good convenience and safety in use; The tibial connecting protrusion 222 is used to be inserted into the femoral component 1, so that a stable sliding fit is formed between the pad mechanism body 221 and the femoral component 1, thereby realizing the flexion and extension movement function of the knee joint prosthesis. The drug insertion cavity 24 is arranged inside the pad mechanism body 221, as a drug storage structure. In the postoperative stage, the sustained-release drug tablets are replenished through the tablet insertion port 224. When the sustained-release drug tablets 4 need to be replaced or replenished, only minimally invasive surgery is required at the position of the end cover assembly 223, and the end cover assembly 223 is opened. The sustained-release drug tablet 4 is inserted into the drug insertion cavity 24 through the tablet insertion port 224, and then the end cover assembly 223 is closed to complete the sealing. The setting of the end cover assembly 223 ensures that the tablet insertion port 224 has good sealing performance and the convenience of reuse, avoiding external contamination and drug loss. The present application not only realizes the physiological movement function of the knee joint prosthesis, but also integrates a drug storage and release interface, which is convenient for postoperative infection control and the implementation of personalized treatment plans, and has the beneficial effects of compact structure, simple operation and strong clinical adaptability.

[0055] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A knee joint prosthesis, characterized in that: It comprises a femoral component (1), a tibial component (2) movably connected to the femoral component (1), and a prosthetic coating (3) respectively provided on the outer side walls of the femoral component (1) and the tibial component (2); The tibial component (2) comprises a tibial pad mechanism (21), a tibial articular surface liner mechanism (22) connected to the upper side of the tibial pad mechanism (21), and a tibial long rod mechanism (23) connected to the lower side of the tibial pad mechanism (21); the tibial articular surface liner mechanism (22) is provided with a drug insertion cavity (24); and the tibial long rod mechanism (23) is provided with a long rod sustained-release drug guide hole (25) for connecting the drug insertion cavity (24) with the external space of the tibial long rod mechanism (23).

2. A knee joint prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tibial joint surface padding mechanism (22) comprises a padding mechanism body (221), a tibial connecting flange (222) provided on the upper side of the padding mechanism body (221) and used for being movably inserted into the femoral component (1), and an end cover assembly (223) provided on one side of the padding mechanism body (221); the drug insertion cavity (24) is provided inside the padding mechanism body (221), a tablet insertion port (224) for connecting the drug insertion cavity (24) with an external space is provided on the padding mechanism body (221), and the end cover assembly (223) is provided at the position of the tablet insertion port (224).

3. A knee joint prosthesis according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper side of the pad mechanism body (221) is provided with a first tablet sustained-release through hole (2211) communicating with the drug insertion cavity (24); the lower side of the pad mechanism body (221) is provided with a second tablet sustained-release through hole (2212) communicating with the drug insertion cavity (24); and the tibial pad block mechanism (21) is provided with a tibial pad block through hole (211) located between the second tablet sustained-release through hole (2212) and the long rod sustained-release drug guide hole (25) and used to connect the second tablet sustained-release through hole (2212) and the long rod sustained-release drug guide hole (25).

4. The knee joint prosthesis according to claim 3, characterized in that: The long rod slow-release drug guide hole (25) comprises a longitudinal slow-release guide hole (251) arranged along the length direction of the tibial long rod mechanism (23) and connected to the tibial pad through hole (211), and a transverse slow-release guide hole (252) located on the side wall of the tibial long rod mechanism (23) and connected to the longitudinal slow-release guide hole (251), wherein the transverse slow-release guide holes (252) are arranged in an array along the length direction and circumference of the tibial long rod mechanism (23).

5. The knee joint prosthesis according to claim 2, characterized in that: The end cover assembly (223) includes an end cover body (2231) hinged to the pad mechanism body (221) at one end, a first magnetic component (2232) connected to the other end of the end cover body (2231), and a second magnetic component (2233) connected to the pad mechanism body (221) and tightly magnetically engaged with the first magnetic component (2232).

6. The knee joint prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The prosthesis coating (3) is any one of a hydroxyapatite coating, a zirconium oxide ceramic coating, a titanium powder coating, a titanium powder hydroxyapatite coating, and a tantalum coating.

7. The knee joint prosthesis according to claim 2, characterized in that: The tibial pad mechanism (21) comprises a tibial pad body (212), a long rod fixing seat (213) connected to the lower side of the tibial pad body (212), a first pad connecting protrusion (214) provided on one side of the tibial pad body (212) and used for inserting into the pad mechanism body (221), a second pad connecting protrusion (215) provided on the other side of the tibial pad body (212) and used for inserting into the pad mechanism body (221), and a locking cross bar (216) inserted into the side wall of the second pad connecting protrusion (215) in a transverse direction; The pad mechanism body (221) is provided with a first limiting groove (2213) for inserting the first pad block connecting protrusion (214), a second limiting groove (2214) for inserting the second pad block connecting protrusion (215), and a locking strip groove (2215) provided on the side wall of the pad mechanism body (221) and connected to the second limiting groove (2214), and the locking cross bar (216) is inserted into the locking strip groove (2215).

8. The knee joint prosthesis according to claim 7, characterized in that: A pad block limiting groove (2141) is further provided on the side of the first pad block connecting protrusion (214) close to the second pad block connecting protrusion (215), and a pad block limiting protrusion (2216) for inserting into the pad block limiting groove (2141) is provided on the pad mechanism body (221), and the pad block limiting protrusion (2216) is located on the side edge close to the opening end of the first limiting groove (2213).

9. The knee joint prosthesis according to claim 7, characterized in that: The tibial long rod mechanism (23) comprises a tibial drug guide rod (231) inserted into the long rod fixing seat (213) and connected to the long rod fixing seat (213), an eccentric connecting component (232) threadedly engaged with the end of the tibial drug guide rod (231), and a tibial extension rod (233) threadedly engaged with the eccentric connecting component (232), and the long rod slow-release drug guide hole (25) is provided on the tibial drug guide rod (231).

10. The knee joint prosthesis according to claim 2, characterized in that: The femoral component (1) comprises a femoral body (11), a femoral extension rod (12) connected to the femoral body (11), and a femoral pad (13) connected to the inner wall of the femoral body (11). The femoral body (11) is provided with a tibial connection groove (14) for movably inserting the tibial connection protrusion (222) along a side away from the femoral extension rod (12).

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