Filter bag breakage real-time monitoring device based on FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating) sensor

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of monitoring devices, and discloses an FBG sensor-based filter bag damage real-time monitoring device, which comprises an FBG sensor, an upper sealing cover, a lower sealing cover, an upper support ring fixedly mounted at the bottom end of the upper sealing cover, a lower support ring fixedly mounted at the top end of the lower sealing cover, and an elastic sleeve sleeving the upper support ring and the lower support ring, a cavity is formed among the upper sealing cover, the lower sealing cover and the elastic sleeve, an upper connecting port communicated with the cavity is formed in the top of the upper sealing cover, and a lower connecting port communicated with the cavity is formed in the bottom of the lower sealing cover; according to the invention, the fiber bragg gratings of the plurality of FBG sensors are wound and pasted on the elastic sleeve, and the wavelength change of the fiber bragg gratings is monitored in real time by combining the demodulator, so that the damage and blockage states of the filter bag are accurately identified, and the damage and blockage states of the filter bag are accurately identified by arranging the fiber bragg gratings outside the elastic sleeve and matching with the elastic rubber material of the elastic sleeve. Fine dust in industrial tail gas is prevented from being attached to a monitoring element, the maintenance frequency of the device is reduced, and the service life is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of monitoring devices, in particular to a real-time monitoring device for filter bag damage based on an FBG sensor. Background Art

[0002] The filter bag is the core filtering component of a bag filter. Typically made from polymer materials or composite fibers such as non-woven fabrics, needle-punched felt, and woven fabrics, it intercepts particulate matter in dust-laden gases through surface and depth filtration, achieving gas-solid separation. Filter bags of different materials are suitable for different operating conditions. For example, high-temperature resistant filter bags can be used for high-temperature flue gas treatment in metallurgy and waste incineration, while acid- and alkali-resistant filter bags are suitable for corrosive environments such as chemical processing and electroplating. Their filtration efficiency and service life directly impact the performance of the dust collector and its compliance with environmental standards.

[0003] The real-time monitoring device for filter bag damage is a key device to ensure the stable operation of the dust removal system. Existing technologies mainly use online monitoring of dust concentration and pressure changes in the flue gas or use optical sensing, electrostatic sensing and other technologies to capture dust leakage signals caused by filter bag damage in real time, thereby avoiding excessive dust emissions and causing environmental pollution. It can also reduce the increase in system energy consumption and equipment wear caused by filter bag damage, and improve the intelligent management level of the dust removal system.

[0004] However, when existing technologies implement filter bag leakage monitoring through sensors, the sensors need to be built into the pipe cavity. Due to the continuous presence of fine dust inside the pipe, such dust easily adheres and deposits on the surface of the sensor, thereby reducing the detection accuracy of the sensor. This phenomenon directly causes the sensor to require high-frequency maintenance, which not only increases the workload of operation and maintenance, but also brings inconvenience to the continuous and stable operation of the monitoring system.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a real-time monitoring device for filter bag damage based on FBG sensor to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a real-time monitoring device for filter bag damage based on an FBG sensor. The device utilizes the difference in deformation of an elastic sleeve under different airflow pressures to drive the fiber Bragg grating to generate strain and induce wavelength changes. The size of the wavelength increment is used to determine whether the filter bag is working normally. This solves the technical problems of traditional monitoring methods that are difficult to capture local damage or blockage of the filter bag in real time and have low monitoring accuracy. It also avoids the adhesion of fine dust in industrial exhaust gas to the monitoring elements, reducing the maintenance frequency of the device.

[0007] The above technical objectives of the present invention are achieved through the following technical solutions: a real-time monitoring device for filter bag damage based on an FBG sensor, comprising an FBG sensor, an upper cover, a lower cover, an upper support ring fixedly installed at the bottom end of the upper cover, a lower support ring fixedly installed at the top end of the lower cover, and an elastic sleeve mounted on the upper support ring and the lower support ring, a cavity is formed between the upper cover, the lower cover and the elastic sleeve, the top of the upper cover is provided with an upper connecting port communicating with the cavity, the bottom of the lower cover is provided with a lower connecting port communicating with the cavity, the bottom of the upper cover is provided with an annular support portion for supporting the filter bag, a plurality of FBG sensors are provided, and a fiber grating is provided on the FBG sensor, the fiber grating is wound on the elastic sleeve, and the fiber grating is wound on the elastic sleeve at least twice.

[0008] The present invention is further configured as follows: a support vertical plate is provided on one side of the elastic sleeve, a support seat is fixedly installed on the side of the support vertical plate close to the elastic sleeve, and a mounting seat is fixedly installed on the side of the support seat close to the elastic sleeve.

[0009] The present invention is further configured as follows: the plurality of FBG sensors can be detachably mounted on the mounting base, and the plurality of FBG sensors are evenly distributed from top to bottom on the mounting base.

[0010] The present invention is further configured as follows: a lower connecting plate is fixedly installed on the bottom end of the lower cover, a slide is fixedly installed on the top side of the lower connecting plate away from the lower cover, a supporting cross plate is fixedly installed on the bottom of the side wall of the supporting vertical plate close to the elastic sleeve, two guide columns are fixedly installed on the bottom end of the supporting seat, both guide columns pass through the slide, and the slide and the guide columns are slidably matched, a screw is rotatably installed on the supporting cross plate, the screw passes through the slide, and the screw is threadedly connected to the slide.

[0011] The present invention is further configured as follows: an upper connecting plate is detachably mounted on the top of the support seat via four bolts, and the upper connecting plate is fixedly connected to the upper cover.

[0012] The present invention is further configured as follows: the upper support ring and the lower support ring are both provided with a second clamp, the top of the elastic sleeve is fixed to the upper support ring by the second clamp located above, and the bottom of the elastic sleeve is fixed to the lower support ring by the second clamp located below.

[0013] The present invention is further configured as follows: a connecting seat is fixedly installed on the support seat and the sliding seat, and a connecting part is provided at both ends of the clamp 2. The two connecting parts are connected by three bolts, and the three bolts pass through the connecting seat.

[0014] The present invention is further configured as follows: a flange 1 is fixedly provided on the inner side of the upper support ring, and the upper cover is fixedly connected to the flange 1 by multiple bolts 1; a flange 2 is fixedly provided on the inner side of the lower support ring, and the lower cover is fixedly connected to the flange 2 by multiple bolts 2.

[0015] The present invention is further configured as follows: a plurality of support lines are embedded and installed on the inner wall of the elastic sleeve from top to bottom, the plurality of support lines are distributed in a circular array with the axis of the elastic sleeve as the array center, and the plurality of support lines are parallel to each other.

[0016] The present invention is further configured as follows: a clamp is sleeved on the annular support portion, and the top of the filter bag is fixed to the annular support portion through the clamp.

[0017] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: by wrapping and adhering the fiber Bragg gratings of multiple FBG sensors onto an elastic sleeve, and combining this with a demodulator to monitor the wavelength changes of the fiber Bragg gratings in real time, the present invention achieves accurate identification of filter bag damage and blockage. Specifically, the deformation differences of the elastic sleeve under different airflow pressures drive the fiber Bragg gratings to generate strain and induce wavelength changes. The size of the wavelength increment is used to determine whether the filter bag is functioning properly. This solves the technical problems of traditional monitoring methods that make it difficult to detect local damage or blockage of the filter bag in real time and have low monitoring accuracy, thereby achieving real-time and dynamic monitoring of the filter bag's operating conditions.

[0018] By setting the fiber optic Bragg grating outside the elastic sleeve, combined with the elastic rubber material and support wire structure of the elastic sleeve, on the one hand, it avoids the adhesion of fine dust in industrial exhaust gas to the monitoring element, reduces the maintenance frequency of the device, and extends the service life; on the other hand, the support wire helps the elastic sleeve maintain its cylindrical shape, making it easier to deform to reduce the stress required for strain. Combined with the adjustable tightness design of the elastic sleeve, it solves the technical problems of the monitoring structure being susceptible to environmental interference and insufficient sensitivity, thereby achieving the effect of improving monitoring stability and accuracy, and at the same time realizing the dual monitoring function of filter bag damage and large-area blockage in the same device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at point A;

[0022] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the mounting base and FBG sensor of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5Schematic diagram of the structure of the FBG sensor and fiber Bragg grating of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention after removing the elastic sleeve;

[0025] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at point B;

[0026] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the upper cover and the upper connecting plate of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of the lower cover, the slide seat and the lower connecting plate of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of a partial top cross-sectional structure of the elastic sleeve of the present invention.

[0029] In the figure: 1. Upper cover; 101. Upper connection port; 102. Annular support portion; 2. Lower cover; 201. Lower connection port; 3. Upper support ring; 301. Flange one; 4. Lower support ring; 401. Flange two; 5. Bolt one; 6. Bolt two; 7. Elastic sleeve; 701. Support wire; 8. FBG sensor; 801. Fiber Bragg grating (FBG); 9. Clamp two; 901. Connection portion; 902. Bolt three; 10. Support vertical plate; 11. Support seat; 12. Mounting seat; 13. Clamp one; 14. Filter bag; 15. Connection seat; 16. Upper connection plate; 17. Bolt four; 18. Lower connection plate; 19. Slide seat; 20. Guide column; 21. Screw; 22. Knob; 23. Support horizontal plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0031] See also Figures 1 to 9In an embodiment of the present invention, a real-time monitoring device for filter bag damage based on an FBG sensor includes an FBG sensor 8, an upper cover 1, a lower cover 2, an upper support ring 3 fixedly installed at the bottom end of the upper cover 1, a lower support ring 4 fixedly installed at the top end of the lower cover 2, and an elastic sleeve 7 sleeved on the upper support ring 3 and the lower support ring 4. A cavity is formed between the upper cover 1, the lower cover 2 and the elastic sleeve 7. The top of the upper cover 1 is provided with an upper connecting port 101 connected to the cavity, and the bottom of the lower cover 2 is provided with a The lower connection port 201 is provided at the bottom of the upper cover 1 with an annular support portion 102 for supporting the filter bag 14. The FBG sensor 8 is provided with multiple FBG sensors 8, each of which is provided with a fiber Bragg grating 801. The fiber Bragg grating 801 is wound around the elastic sleeve 7. The fiber Bragg grating 801 is wound around the elastic sleeve 7 at least twice, so that deformation at each position of the elastic sleeve 7 can cause strain in the fiber Bragg grating 801. The fiber Bragg grating 801 is adhered to the elastic sleeve 7 with epoxy resin. The thickness of the elastic sleeve 7 is 0.3-1mm, the elastic sleeve 7 is made of elastic rubber material; the FBG sensor 8 is connected to the demodulator signal, one end of the fiber grating 801 receives the light signal, and the light signal passes through the fiber grating 801 and is received by the demodulator, and the demodulator measures the wavelength of the fiber grating 801. The bottom of the filter bag 14 used is in a closed state, and the bottom of the filter bag 14 is airtight. When used, the upper connecting port 101 is connected to the air inlet pipe, and the lower connecting port 201 is connected to the exhaust pipe. The industrial exhaust gas is input into the inner cavity of the filter bag 14 through the upper connecting port 101. After the particulate matter in the exhaust gas is filtered by the filter bag 14, the exhaust gas The exhaust gas is discharged through the lower connection port 201, the filter bag 14 does not work, and the demodulator records the initial wavelength of the fiber Bragg grating 801 under no stress. Since the exhaust gas is evenly discharged through the filter holes on the filter bag 14, the pressure of the airflow acting on the elastic sleeve 7 is relatively small, the elastic sleeve 7 is evenly stressed at all positions, the deformation of the elastic sleeve 7 is relatively small, and thus the strain of the fiber Bragg grating 801 is relatively small. At this time, the demodulator measures that the wavelength increment of the fiber Bragg grating 801 is relatively small, and the filter bag 14 is in a normal state. When the filter bag 14 is damaged, a large amount of airflow is discharged through the damaged part, so that the pressure of this part of the airflow on the inner wall of the elastic sleeve 7 is relatively large, and the elastic sleeve 7 is evenly stressed at all positions. The deformation of the elastic sleeve 7 at this location increases, which in turn causes a larger strain on the fiber Bragg grating 801 at this location. At this time, the demodulator measures a larger wavelength increment of the fiber Bragg grating 801 at this location, thereby detecting that the filter bag 14 is in an abnormal state. When the filter bag 14 is partially blocked, the exhaust gas cannot be discharged at the blocked location, which increases the flow rate of the exhaust gas discharged from the unblocked location, thereby increasing the pressure of the exhaust gas acting on the elastic sleeve 7. The deformation of the elastic sleeve 7 at this location increases, which in turn causes a larger strain on the fiber Bragg grating 801 at this location. At this time, the demodulator measures a larger wavelength increment of the fiber Bragg grating 801 at this location, thereby detecting that the filter bag 14 is in an abnormal state. The device can also detect whether the filter bag 14 is clogged, allowing it to detect not only damage to the filter bag 14 but also extensive blockage. During use, the initial wavelength of each FBG sensor 8 when the filter bag 14 is functioning properly can be recorded. If, during subsequent use, the wavelength increment of the FBG sensor 8 relative to the initial wavelength is significant, this indicates that the filter bag 14 is malfunctioning. By placing the FBG sensor 8 and fiber Bragg grating 801 outside the elastic sleeve 7, this solution prevents fine dust in the exhaust gas from adhering to the monitoring structure, eliminating the need for frequent maintenance and extending the device's service life.

[0032] The present invention realizes accurate identification of the damage and blockage status of the filter bag 14 by winding and sticking the fiber gratings 801 of multiple FBG sensors 8 onto the elastic sleeve 7, and combining it with the demodulator to monitor the wavelength changes of the fiber grating 801 in real time. Specifically, the deformation difference of the elastic sleeve 7 under different airflow pressures is used to drive the fiber grating 801 to generate strain and induce wavelength changes. The size of the wavelength increment is used to judge whether the filter bag 14 is working normally, which solves the technical problems that traditional monitoring methods are difficult to capture local damage or blockage of the filter bag 14 in real time and have low monitoring accuracy, and achieves real-time and dynamic monitoring of the working condition of the filter bag 14. By arranging the fiber grating 801 outside the elastic sleeve 7 and coordinating it with the elastic rubber material of the elastic sleeve 7, the adhesion of fine dust in industrial exhaust gas to the monitoring element is avoided, the maintenance frequency of the device is reduced, and the service life of the device is extended.

[0033] In this embodiment, preferably, a clamp 13 is provided on the annular support portion 102, and the top of the filter bag 14 is fixed to the annular support portion 102 by the clamp 13, so that the filter bag 14 can be disassembled.

[0034] In this embodiment, preferably, a support vertical plate 10 is provided on one side of the elastic sleeve 7, and a support base 11 is fixedly installed on the side of the support vertical plate 10 close to the elastic sleeve 7, and a mounting base 12 is fixedly installed on the side of the support base 11 close to the elastic sleeve 7. Multiple FBG sensors 8 can be detachably mounted on the mounting base 12. Specifically, the FBG sensors 8 are fixed by setting bolts on the mounting base 12, and multiple FBG sensors 8 are equidistantly distributed from top to bottom on the mounting base 12; the mounting base 12 can support and fix multiple FBG sensors 8, so that multiple groups of optical fiber Bragg gratings 801 can be wound on the elastic sleeve 7, thereby performing stress monitoring on multiple positions on the elastic sleeve 7.

[0035] In this embodiment, preferably, a flange 301 is fixedly provided on the inner side of the upper support ring 3, and the upper cover 1 is fixedly connected to the flange 301 by a plurality of bolts 5. A flange 2 401 is fixedly provided on the inner side of the lower support ring 4, and the lower cover 2 is fixedly connected to the flange 401 by a plurality of bolts 2 6. The upper cover 1 and the lower cover 2 can be disassembled by unscrewing the bolts 5 and the bolts 6, so that the filter bag 14 can be taken out for maintenance or replacement.

[0036] See also Figures 7 to 10In this embodiment of the present invention, a lower connecting plate 18 is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the lower cover 2, and a slide 19 is fixedly installed on the top side of the lower connecting plate 18 away from the lower cover 2. A supporting cross plate 23 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the side wall of the supporting vertical plate 10 close to the elastic sleeve 7. Two guide pillars 20 are fixedly installed at the bottom end of the supporting seat 11. The two guide pillars 20 both pass through the slide 19, and the slide 19 slides with the guide pillars 20. A screw 21 is rotatably installed on the supporting cross plate 23. The screw 21 passes through the slide 19 and is threadedly connected to the slide 19. A knob 22 is fixedly installed on the bottom end of the screw 21. A through hole for the screw 21 to pass through is opened on the lower connecting plate 18, and the screw 21 does not contact the inner wall of the through hole. When installing the elastic sleeve 7, it is necessary to ensure that the tightness is within an appropriate range. An elastic sleeve 7 that is too loose will cause the elastic sleeve 7 itself to produce Deformation, thereby causing the fiber Bragg grating 801 to deform significantly and affect the monitoring result. If the elastic sleeve 7 is stretched too tight, the stress required for the deformation of the elastic sleeve 7 will increase, thereby reducing the monitoring accuracy. By setting the screw 21 and the slide 19, the height of the lower cover 2 can be adjusted, and then the tightness of the elastic sleeve 7 can be adjusted, so that when the ambient temperature changes, the deformation caused by thermal expansion and contraction can be compensated to prevent the elastic sleeve 7 from being too tight or too loose. When adjusting, rotate the knob 22. When the knob 22 rotates, it drives the slide 19 to move up and down, thereby driving the lower cover 2 up and down through the lower connecting plate 18, and then realizing the adjustment of the height of the upper cover 1, so that the tightness of the elastic sleeve 7 can be adjusted. When adjusting the tightness, external force can be applied to the elastic sleeve 7, and whether the adjustment is accurate can be judged by observing the deformation of the elastic sleeve 7 under the fixed external force.

[0037] In this embodiment, preferably, the top end of the support seat 11 is detachably mounted with an upper connecting plate 16 via a bolt four 17, and the upper connecting plate 16 is fixedly connected to the upper cover 1. When the upper cover 1 is removed, the bolt four 17 is unscrewed so that the upper connecting plate 16 and the upper cover 1 can be removed together.

[0038] By providing the upper connecting plate 16 and the lower connecting plate 18 , the upper cover 1 and the lower cover 2 can be supported so that the positions of the upper cover 1 and the lower cover 2 remain fixed, thereby ensuring the overall stability of the device.

[0039] In this embodiment, preferably, the upper support ring 3 and the lower support ring 4 are both provided with a clamp 2 9, the top of the elastic sleeve 7 is fixed to the upper support ring 3 by the clamp 2 9 located above, and the connection is kept sealed, and the bottom of the elastic sleeve 7 is fixed to the lower support ring 4 by the clamp 2 9 located below, and the connection is kept sealed; the support seat 11 and the slide seat 19 are both fixedly installed with a connecting seat 15, and both ends of the clamp 2 9 are provided with a connecting part 901, and the two connecting parts 901 are connected by a bolt 3 902, and the bolt The third bolt 902 passes through the connecting seat 15, and nuts are threadedly installed at both ends of the bolt 902. The third bolt 902 is fixedly connected to the connecting seat 15, and the third bolt 902 slides with the two connecting parts 901. By rotating the two nuts, the distance between the two connecting parts 901 can be adjusted, so that the clamp 2 9 can be loosened, thereby realizing the removal of the elastic sleeve 7; the connecting seat 15 can provide auxiliary support for the two clamps 2 9, so that after the upper cover 1 and the lower cover 2 are removed, the elastic sleeve 7 can still remain in place to prevent the elastic sleeve 7 from loosening.

[0040] In this embodiment, preferably, the inner wall of the elastic sleeve 7 is embedded with a plurality of support wires 701 from top to bottom, and the plurality of support wires 701 are distributed in a circular array with the axis of the elastic sleeve 7 as the array center, and the plurality of support wires 701 are parallel to each other, and the distance between two adjacent support wires 701 is 20-30 mm. By setting the support wires 701, the elastic sleeve 7 can be auxiliary supported, so that after the two ends of the elastic sleeve 7 are fixed, the elastic sleeve 7 as a whole can be kept in a cylindrical shape, so that the structure of the elastic sleeve 7 can be set to be softer, so as to reduce the stress required for deformation, thereby improving the monitoring accuracy, solving the technical problems that the monitoring structure is easily affected by environmental interference and insufficient sensitivity, and achieving the effect of improving monitoring stability and accuracy.

[0041] Working Principle: This solution uses the wavelength change of the fiber grating 801 of the FBG sensor 8 as the core monitoring indicator. By sensing the pressure change of the airflow on the elastic sleeve 7 when the filter bag 14 is working, it can realize the real-time judgment of the normal, damaged and blocked status of the filter bag 14. The details are as follows:

[0042] 1. Initial state calibration: Before using the device, first record the initial wavelength of the fiber Bragg grating 801 in a stress-free state when the filter bag 14 is not working (detected by a demodulator) as a benchmark reference.

[0043] 2. Core monitoring logic: The fiber Bragg grating 801 is glued and wrapped around the elastic sleeve 7 with epoxy resin (at least twice) and connected to the demodulator signal. When the elastic sleeve 7 is deformed by airflow pressure, it will cause the fiber Bragg grating 801 to generate strain, resulting in a change in the reflected / transmitted light wavelength of the fiber Bragg grating 801; the demodulator receives the light signal and detects the wavelength change, infers the strain degree of the fiber Bragg grating 801, and then determines the deformation state of the elastic sleeve 7.

[0044] 3. Monitoring process under different working conditions:

[0045] Filter bag 14 is operating normally: Industrial exhaust gas enters the inner cavity of filter bag 14 from the intake duct through upper connector 101, is evenly discharged through the filter pores of filter bag 14, and is discharged from the exhaust duct through lower connector 201. At this point, the pressure exerted by the airflow on elastic sleeve 7 is uniform and low, the deformation of elastic sleeve 7 is minimal, the strain of fiber Bragg grating 801 is minimal, and the wavelength increment detected by the demodulator is extremely small compared to the initial wavelength, indicating that filter bag 14 is operating normally.

[0046] Abnormal operation of the filter bag 14: When the filter bag 14 is damaged, a large amount of airflow is quickly discharged from the damaged area, and the inner wall of the elastic sleeve 7 at the corresponding position is significantly increased by the airflow pressure, resulting in a sudden increase in the deformation of the elastic sleeve 7 at this position, and the strain of the optical fiber Bragg grating 801 wrapped therein increases accordingly. The demodulator detects that the wavelength increment at the corresponding position has increased significantly, and determines that the filter bag 14 is abnormal; when the filter bag 14 is partially blocked, the blocked area cannot be vented, and the exhaust flow rate in the unblocked area is forced to increase, resulting in an increase in the pressure of the airflow in this area on the elastic sleeve 7, and the deformation of the elastic sleeve 7 and the strain of the optical fiber Bragg grating 801 at the corresponding position increase. The demodulator detects that the corresponding wavelength increment has increased significantly, and determines that the filter bag 14 is abnormal.

[0047] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the structure, characteristics and principles described in the scope of the patent application of the present invention are included in the scope of the patent application of the present invention.

Claims

1. A filter bag damage real-time monitoring device based on an FBG sensor, comprising an FBG sensor (8), an upper cover (1), a lower cover (2), an upper support ring (3) fixedly mounted on the bottom end of the upper cover (1), a lower support ring (4) fixedly mounted on the top end of the lower cover (2), and an elastic sleeve (7) sleeved on the upper support ring (3) and the lower support ring (4), characterized in that: A cavity is formed between the upper cover (1), the lower cover (2) and the elastic sleeve (7); an upper connection port (101) communicating with the cavity is provided at the top of the upper cover (1); a lower connection port (201) communicating with the cavity is provided at the bottom of the lower cover (2); an annular support portion (102) for supporting the filter bag (14) is provided at the bottom of the upper cover (1); a plurality of FBG sensors (8) are provided; a fiber Bragg grating (801) is provided on the FBG sensor (8); the fiber Bragg grating (801) is wound around the elastic sleeve (7); and the fiber Bragg grating (801) is wound around the elastic sleeve (7) at least twice.

2. The real-time monitoring device for filter bag damage based on FBG sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A support vertical plate (10) is provided on one side of the elastic sleeve (7), a support seat (11) is fixedly installed on the side of the support vertical plate (10) close to the elastic sleeve (7), and a mounting seat (12) is fixedly installed on the side of the support seat (11) close to the elastic sleeve (7).

3. The real-time monitoring device for filter bag damage based on FBG sensor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The plurality of FBG sensors (8) can be detachably mounted on the mounting seat (12), and the plurality of FBG sensors (8) are evenly distributed from top to bottom on the mounting seat (12).

4. The real-time monitoring device for filter bag damage based on an FBG sensor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bottom end of the lower cover (2) is fixedly mounted with a lower connecting plate (18), the top end of the lower connecting plate (18) is fixedly mounted with a slide seat (19) on the side away from the lower cover (2), the bottom of the side wall of the support vertical plate (10) close to the elastic sleeve (7) is fixedly mounted with a support cross plate (23), the bottom end of the support seat (11) is fixedly mounted with two guide pillars (20), both of which pass through the slide seat (19), and the slide seat (19) and the guide pillars (20) are slidably matched, and a screw rod (21) is rotatably mounted on the support cross plate (23), the screw rod (21) passes through the slide seat (19), and the screw rod (21) is threadedly connected to the slide seat (19).

5. The real-time monitoring device for filter bag damage based on FBG sensor according to claim 2, characterized in that: An upper connecting plate (16) is detachably mounted on the top of the support seat (11) via four bolts (17), and the upper connecting plate (16) is fixedly connected to the upper cover (1).

6. The real-time monitoring device for filter bag damage based on FBG sensor according to claim 4, characterized in that: The upper support ring (3) and the lower support ring (4) are both provided with a second clamping hoop (9), the top of the elastic sleeve (7) is fixed to the upper support ring (3) by the second clamping hoop (9) located above, and the bottom of the elastic sleeve (7) is fixed to the lower support ring (4) by the second clamping hoop (9) located below.

7. The real-time monitoring device for filter bag damage based on FBG sensor according to claim 6, characterized in that: A connecting seat (15) is fixedly mounted on both the supporting seat (11) and the sliding seat (19), and connecting parts (901) are provided at both ends of the second hoop (9), and the two connecting parts (901) are connected by a third bolt (902), and the third bolt (902) passes through the connecting seat (15).

8. The real-time monitoring device for filter bag damage based on FBG sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner side of the upper support ring (3) is fixedly provided with a flange one (301), and the upper cover (1) is fixedly connected to the flange one (301) through a plurality of bolts one (5). The inner side of the lower support ring (4) is fixedly provided with a flange two (401), and the lower cover (2) is fixedly connected to the flange two (401) through a plurality of bolts two (6).

9. The real-time monitoring device for filter bag damage based on FBG sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of support lines (701) are embedded and installed on the inner wall of the elastic sleeve (7) from top to bottom. The plurality of support lines (701) are distributed in a circular array with the axis of the elastic sleeve (7) as the array center, and the plurality of support lines (701) are parallel to each other.

10. The real-time monitoring device for filter bag damage based on FBG sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A clamp (13) is sleeved on the annular support portion (102), and the top of the filter bag (14) is fixed on the annular support portion (102) through the clamp (13).

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