Thin-walled pipe longitudinal seam welding tool and welding method
Through the step-by-step positioning strategy and multi-dimensional adjustment system, the problem of controlling the angle and misalignment in the welding of thin-walled special-shaped stainless steel pipes was solved, high-precision welding was achieved, pipe deformation was avoided, and welding quality was improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510787828.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-13
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-23
Smart Images
Figure CN120680243A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of thin-wall material welding, in particular to a thin-wall pipe longitudinal seam welding tool and a welding method. Background Art
[0002] Thin-walled metal materials have become the primary material for structural manufacturing in aerospace and other fields. Welding deformation and weld formation in these thin-walled structures have become key research areas in welding technology. Due to their poor rigidity, low strength, easy deformation, and low manufacturing precision, thin-walled components exhibit poor conformity in external weld geometry. Excessive welding stress can lead to significant deformation after the welding tooling is removed, causing structural dimensions to deviate from design specifications, directly impacting the performance and quality of the component and, ultimately, the product itself.
[0003] Thin-walled special-shaped stainless steel pipes, as thin-walled metal materials, cannot be manufactured through a one-step forming process due to their complex structure. Instead, they can only be manufactured by butt-welding two sections. To control welding deformation, electron beam welding is usually used for longitudinal seam splicing. However, electron beam welding has extremely strict requirements for groove alignment, requiring a gap of ≤0.1mm and a misalignment of ≤0.2mm. Currently, common welding tooling directly clamps two sections of pipe and splices them together, applying a certain amount of splicing pressure. However, when applied to thin-walled special-shaped stainless steel pipes, there are some shortcomings. For example, the splicing angle of the two pipes after clamping is difficult to control, the misalignment cannot be adjusted, and after applying the splicing pressure, the two thin-walled pipes may deform, and the misalignment after deformation cannot be controlled. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The problem solved by the present invention is how to improve the welding quality of thin-walled pipes.
[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a thin-walled pipe longitudinal seam welding tool and a welding method.
[0006] In the first aspect, the present invention provides a thin-walled tube longitudinal seam welding tool, which is used to clamp and fix the upper tube body and the lower tube body in the vertical direction to form two longitudinal seams to be welded located in the same horizontal plane; the thin-walled tube longitudinal seam welding tool includes a base, an angle adjustment assembly, a clamping assembly and a misalignment adjustment assembly; an installation groove is provided in the base; a bearing member for supporting the lower tube body is provided in the installation groove; the angle adjustment assembly is provided on the base for adjusting the angle of the lower tube body in the placement groove; the clamping assembly is connected to the base for clamping the upper tube body; the misalignment adjustment assembly is used to adjust the docking position of the upper tube body and the lower tube body in the horizontal direction.
[0007] The bearing parts in the welding tooling of the present invention perform preliminary positioning on the lower tube body, and the angle adjustment assembly applies a directional force to the lower tube body through the contact surface to correct the deflection angle of the tube body in the vertical plane. When the upper tube body is stacked, the clamping assembly applies pressure evenly in the vertical direction to ensure that the upper and lower tube body groove surfaces are in complete contact. The misalignment adjustment assembly adjusts the positions of the upper and lower tube bodies respectively in the horizontal plane to eliminate radial misalignment; each component works together in sequence, first establishing a reference positioning and then gradually eliminating the angle deviation and position deviation, and finally forming a stress-free constraint state. Compared with traditional tooling, the tube body stress is reduced through step-by-step positioning, multi-dimensional adjustment is achieved through independent mechanisms for angle adjustment and misalignment adjustment, and a composite constraint is formed by adopting vertical clamping and horizontal adjustment to avoid compression deformation of the tube body while ensuring positioning accuracy, thereby achieving high-precision positioning of the longitudinal seam welding of thin-walled tube bodies. The setting of the angle adjustment component can effectively eliminate the deflection angle deviation of the pipe body and ensure that the groove surface is fully fitted; the setting of the misalignment adjustment component can accurately control the horizontal misalignment within the allowable range; the step-by-step clamping method can avoid the crushing and deformation of the pipe body caused by traditional lateral pressure; each adjustment mechanism works independently without interfering with each other, forming a stable and reliable multi-dimensional positioning system, which meets the strict requirements of electron beam welding on gap and misalignment.
[0008] Optionally, the base includes a bottom plate; side plates arranged vertically and parallel to each other are installed on both sides of the bottom plate; the bottom plate and the two side plates form a mounting groove.
[0009] Optionally, the carrier includes a support plate; the two ends of the support plate are respectively connected to the two side plates; a height pad is provided on the upper surface of the support plate; the multiple height pads are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the installation groove, and the upper surfaces of the multiple height pads are located in the same horizontal plane.
[0010] Optionally, the angle adjustment assembly includes two rows of angle adjustment blocks connected to the side panels; a side of the angle adjustment block close to the mounting groove is provided with an inclined surface in contact with the outer wall of the lower tube body.
[0011] Optionally, a telescopic member is installed on the side panel; the angle adjustment block is hinged to the end of the telescopic member; the telescopic member is used to adjust the distance between the angle adjustment block and the side panel.
[0012] Optionally, the inclined surfaces of adjacent angle adjustment blocks in the same row are respectively flat and curved; the angle adjustment blocks with flat inclined surfaces in the same row are connected to a group of telescopic parts; the angle adjustment blocks with curved inclined surfaces in the same row are connected to a group of telescopic parts.
[0013] Optionally, the clamping assembly includes multiple connecting frames installed on the base; the multiple connecting frames are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the installation groove; a clamping rod is connected to the connecting frame through a lifting member; the bottom surface of the clamping rod is provided with a clamping surface that contacts the outer wall of the upper tube body.
[0014] Optionally, the misalignment adjustment assembly includes an adjustment frame; the adjustment frame is provided with a groove for accommodating the upper tube body; the groove opens toward the base; top screw assemblies are provided on both sides of the adjustment frame; the top screw assemblies are used to adjust the docking position of the upper tube body and the lower tube body in the horizontal direction.
[0015] Optionally, the top screw assembly includes: Upper jack screw and lower jack screw; the upper jack screw and the lower jack screw are arranged horizontally and are used to abut the outer wall of the upper tube body and the outer wall of the lower tube body respectively; and / or an auxiliary top screw, the auxiliary top screw and the longitudinal seam are located at the same horizontal plane and are used to abut against the outer wall of the upper tube body and the outer wall of the lower tube body at the same time.
[0016] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for welding a longitudinal seam of a thin-walled pipe body, which is applied to a tool for welding a longitudinal seam of a thin-walled pipe body, comprising the following steps: Place the lower tube onto the bearing in the installation slot, with the angle adjustment assembly in contact with the outer wall of the lower tube, and adjust the angle of the lower tube in the placement slot; then dock the upper tube onto the lower tube; Use the clamping assembly to evenly press the upper tube body downward to ensure good contact between the upper and lower tube body butt groove surfaces, with the gap controlled within 0.1mm and the feeler gauge test qualified; Arrange multiple misalignment adjustment components in the extension direction of the installation slot, and control the top screw components in the misalignment adjustment components to ensure that the upper tube body and the lower tube body are aligned; Use a depth gauge to measure the misalignment of the grooves of the upper and lower pipes along the length of the pipe to ensure that the misalignment does not exceed 0.2mm over the entire length; use a feeler gauge to measure the gap between the upper and lower pipes to ensure that the gap is ≤0.10mm; Use TIG self-melting spot welding, spot weld the ends of the two longitudinal seams and every 100mm in the middle, and the length of each spot weld is 20mm; The spot-welded tube body is hoisted into the vacuum chamber of the electron beam equipment and fixed by intermittent spot welding using electron beam. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a welding tool according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 The main view; Figure 3 for Figure 1 Side view of; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the misalignment adjustment component according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0018] Description of reference numerals: 1. Base; 101. Bottom plate; 102. Support plate; 103. Side plate; 2. Height spacer; 3. Clamping assembly; 301. Connecting frame; 302. Clamping rod; 303. Clamping bolt; 4. Angle adjustment block; 5. Misalignment adjustment assembly; 501. Adjustment frame; 502. Lower jack screw; 503. Upper jack screw; 504. Reinforcement jack screw; 6. Tail positioning block. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0019] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although certain embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments described herein. Instead, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of the present invention. It should be understood that the drawings and embodiments of the present invention are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0020] The Z-axis in the accompanying drawings represents the vertical direction, that is, the up-down position, with the positive direction of the Z-axis representing the top and the reverse direction of the Z-axis representing the bottom. The X-axis in the accompanying drawings represents the horizontal direction and is designated as the front-to-back position, with the positive direction of the X-axis representing the front side and the reverse direction of the X-axis representing the rear side. The Y-axis in the accompanying drawings represents the left-to-right position, with the positive direction of the Y-axis representing the left side and the reverse direction of the Y-axis representing the right side. It should also be noted that the aforementioned Z-axis, Y-axis, and X-axis are merely for the purpose of facilitating the description of the present invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention.
[0021] The term "including" and its variations used in this document are open inclusions, that is, "including but not limited to"; the term "based on" means "based at least in part on"; the term "one embodiment" means "at least one embodiment"; the term "another embodiment" means "at least one other embodiment"; the term "some embodiments" means "at least some embodiments"; the term "optionally" means "optional embodiments". The relevant definitions of other terms will be given in the following description. It should be noted that the concepts of "first", "second", etc. mentioned in the present invention are only used to distinguish different devices, modules or units, and are not used to limit the order or interdependence of the functions performed by these devices, modules or units.
[0022] It should be noted that the modifications of "one" and "multiple" mentioned in the present invention are illustrative rather than restrictive. Those skilled in the art should understand that unless otherwise clearly indicated in the context, it should be understood as "one or more".
[0023] Conventional welding tooling employs a clamping mechanism to directly join tubes, but this lacks precise control over the joint angle, easily causing tube deformation when pressure is applied, and lacks the ability to adjust the amount of misalignment, making it difficult to meet the clearance and misalignment requirements for high-precision welding. In a certain aerospace equipment manufacturing scenario, thin-walled, special-shaped stainless steel tubes require longitudinal seam splicing. Conventional tooling is unable to eliminate the mismatched groove surfaces caused by tube deflection, resulting in structural deformation after welding and impacting product performance.
[0024] To address these issues, experiments revealed that deformation of thin-walled tubes stems from multi-directional stress imbalances, necessitating the establishment of a step-by-step positioning system. First, the benchmark positioning issue needed to be addressed, establishing an initial positioning benchmark through a stable load-bearing structure. Secondly, it was discovered that angular deviation and misalignment are coupled, necessitating the decoupling of angle adjustment and misalignment into independent mechanisms. Ultimately, a step-by-step control strategy was proposed: first, angle adjustment was used to ensure groove surface alignment, then misalignment adjustment was used to eliminate horizontal deviations, and finally, vertical compression was employed to prevent lateral deformation.
[0025] Therefore, the embodiment of the present invention provides a thin-walled tube longitudinal seam welding tool for clamping and fixing the upper tube and the lower tube in the vertical direction to form two longitudinal seams to be welded on the same horizontal plane; Figure 1-4 The thin-walled tube longitudinal seam welding tooling includes a base 1, an angle adjustment component, a clamping component 3 and a misalignment adjustment component 5; a mounting groove is provided in the base 1; a bearing member for supporting the lower tube body is provided in the mounting groove; the angle adjustment component is provided on the base 1 for adjusting the angle of the lower tube body in the placement groove; the clamping component 3 is connected to the base 1 for clamping the upper tube body; the misalignment adjustment component 5 is used to adjust the docking position of the upper tube body and the lower tube body in the horizontal direction.
[0026] The vertical direction is the Z-axis; the horizontal plane is the plane formed by the X-axis and the Y-axis; the base 1 is the basic structure that forms a stable support, which can be implemented as a frame structure with side panels 103. The mounting groove provides the initial positioning reference for the lower tube body. The mounting groove refers to the spatial structure that accommodates the tube body. It can be formed by the base plate 101 and the side panels 103. The bearing member is installed in the groove to support the tube body. The bearing member is the supporting component that directly contacts the tube body. It can be implemented as a support plate 102 with height pads 2. The pad array forms a uniform force-bearing surface. The angle adjustment assembly refers to the mechanism that changes the deflection angle of the tube body. It can be implemented as an adjustment block with an inclined contact surface. The angle of the tube body is changed by adjusting the block displacement. The clamping assembly 3 refers to the device that applies vertical pressure. It can be implemented as a lifting mechanism with a clamping rod 302. The shape of the clamping surface adapts to the curvature of the outer wall of the tube body. The misalignment adjustment assembly 5 refers to the horizontal position adjustment mechanism. It can be implemented as an adjustment frame 501 with a top screw. The top screw pushes the tube body to achieve fine-tuning of the position.
[0027] Specifically, the base 1 forms a rigid support platform, and the bearing parts in the mounting groove perform preliminary positioning on the lower tube body. The angle adjustment component applies a directional force to the lower tube body through the contact surface to correct the deflection angle of the tube body in the vertical plane. When the upper tube body is stacked, the clamping component 3 applies pressure evenly in the vertical direction to ensure that the upper and lower tube body groove surfaces are in complete contact. The misalignment adjustment component 5 adjusts the positions of the upper and lower tube bodies respectively in the horizontal plane to eliminate radial misalignment. The components work together in sequence, first establishing a reference positioning and then gradually eliminating the angle deviation and position deviation, and finally forming a stress-free constraint state. Compared with traditional tooling, the stress of the tube body is reduced by step-by-step positioning. The welding tool of the present invention realizes multi-dimensional adjustment through independent mechanisms of angle adjustment and misalignment adjustment, and forms a composite constraint by adopting vertical compression and horizontal adjustment to avoid compression deformation of the tube body while ensuring positioning accuracy, thereby realizing high-precision positioning of the longitudinal seam welding of thin-walled tube bodies. The setting of the angle adjustment component can effectively eliminate the deflection angle deviation of the pipe body and ensure that the groove surface is fully fitted; the setting of the misalignment adjustment component 5 can accurately control the horizontal misalignment within the allowable range; the step-by-step clamping method can avoid the crushing and deformation of the pipe body caused by traditional lateral pressure; each adjustment mechanism works independently without interfering with each other, forming a stable and reliable multi-dimensional positioning system, which meets the strict requirements of electron beam welding on gap and misalignment.
[0028] It should be noted that a tail positioning block 6 should be provided on one side of the base 1 , and the tail positioning block 6 is used to abut and position one side of the upper and lower tube bodies.
[0029] Optionally, the base 1 includes a bottom plate 101 ; side plates 103 arranged vertically and parallel to each other are installed on both sides of the bottom plate 101 ; the bottom plate 101 and the two side plates 103 form a mounting groove.
[0030] Among them, the bottom plate 101 refers to a horizontally arranged load-bearing base, which can be specifically realized by welded steel plates or cast metal parts, serving as the basic support component of the entire tooling and used to transfer the load during the welding process. The side plates 103 refer to vertical plates perpendicular to the bottom plate 101 and parallel to each other, which can be fixed to both sides of the bottom plate 101 by bolt connection or welding. The parallelism error is controlled within 0.05mm, forming a constraint boundary for the radial displacement of the lower tube body. The installation groove refers to a semi-enclosed space formed by the bottom plate 101 and the two side plates 103. The width can be adapted to different outer diameters of the tube body by adjusting the spacing between the side plates 103, and the horizontal displacement of the lower tube body is limited by a rigid structure.
[0031] Specifically, the combined structure of the bottom plate 101 and the double side plates 103 constrains the lower tube body within a rigid limited space, eliminating the problems of tube body deflection and accumulated misalignment caused by insufficient rigidity of the base 1, effectively improving the positioning stability of the lower tube body in the welding tooling, and limiting the radial offset and angular deviation of the tube body through the rigid mounting groove, thereby ensuring the benchmark accuracy of subsequent tightening and misalignment adjustment operations.
[0032] Optionally, the supporting member includes a support plate 102; the two ends of the support plate 102 are respectively connected to the two side plates 103; a plurality of height pads 2 are provided on the upper surface of the support plate 102; the plurality of height pads 2 are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the mounting groove, and the upper surfaces of the plurality of height pads 2 are located on the same horizontal plane.
[0033] The support plate 102 is a horizontal, rigid plate connecting the two side plates 103. Specifically, it can be a steel plate bolted or welded to the side plates 103 to form a stable support frame that supports the entire weight of the lower tube. The height spacers 2 are block-shaped structures of a predetermined thickness. Installed at equal heights, they form a support surface to distribute contact pressure from the tube and maintain horizontal positioning.
[0034] Specifically, the height blocks 2 are spaced apart along the extension of the mounting slots, and the spacing between the blocks is adjusted according to the length of the tube, evenly distributing the load to the support plate 102 and preventing tube bending and deformation due to insufficient support span. After precise leveling, the top surfaces of all height blocks 2 are aligned, eliminating tube tilt caused by block height deviation in traditional tooling. This ensures that the horizontality of the lower tube groove surface meets welding requirements and provides a reference plane for subsequent upper tube alignment.
[0035] The welding tooling of the embodiment of the present invention achieves uniform support over the entire length of the pipe body while ensuring the bearing strength through the height pads 2 arranged at intervals, effectively preventing local stress concentration and instability of the pipe body, ensuring the stable positioning of the lower pipe body in the installation groove, eliminating the influence of the support surface height deviation on the groove alignment, and providing a flat docking reference for subsequent welding processes.
[0036] Furthermore, the tops of adjacent height pads 2 can be processed into flat surfaces and curved surfaces respectively, and the distance between all height pads 2 and the support plate 102 is adjustable. When the tube to be welded is a round tube, all the curved height pads 2 can be placed above the flat height pads 2 as bearing pads, which can better support and fix the lower tube body; when the tube to be welded is a square tube or a polygonal tube, all the flat height pads 2 can be placed above the curved height pads 2 as bearing pads; by setting two different height pads 2, different types of pipe fittings can be better supported, thereby increasing the scope of application. Of course, considering the convenience of adjustment, the two different types of height pads 2 can be connected to two different lifting plates through connecting rods respectively; the height between the two lifting plates and the support plate 102 is adjusted by bolts or cylinders and other components.
[0037] Optionally, the angle adjustment assembly includes two rows of angle adjustment blocks 4 connected to the side plate 103; a side of the angle adjustment block 4 close to the mounting groove is provided with an inclined surface in contact with the outer wall of the lower tube body.
[0038] The angle adjustment block 4 is a rigid support body with a specific geometric shape, specifically a metal block with an adjustable tilt angle. It is bolted or welded to the side plate 103 and serves to provide a contact support surface with the outer wall of the tube body. The tilt surface refers to a guide surface that forms linear or surface contact with the outer wall of the lower tube body and can be implemented as a flat surface, an arc surface, or a combination of curved surfaces. Its tilt angle can be designed to be adjustable based on the diameter of the tube body, guiding the tube body's rotation and limiting its displacement.
[0039] Specifically, two rows of angle adjustment blocks 4 are symmetrically arranged on the side plates 103 on both sides of the installation groove, forming a two-way constraint on the lower tube body. When the axial direction of the lower tube body needs to be adjusted, the contact position of the inclined surfaces of the angle adjustment blocks 4 on both sides is changed to make the lower tube body rotate slightly in the installation groove. The contact relationship between the inclined surface and the outer wall of the tube body is converted into a guiding effect on the rotation of the tube body. By adjusting the relative position difference of the inclined surfaces on both sides, the angle of the tube body in the horizontal plane can be precisely controlled. This structure uses symmetrically arranged rigid contact surfaces to form a stable torque balance system, and realizes the angle adjustment function under the premise of ensuring the stability of the tube body position. The present invention forms an adjustable support system through the bidirectionally symmetrically arranged angle adjustment blocks 4, which not only solves the problem of axis deviation caused by the deformation of the thin-walled tube body due to its own weight, but also avoids the surface indentation defects of the tube body that may be caused by the traditional adjustment mechanism through the optimized design of the geometric characteristics of the contact surface, thereby realizing the precise angle positioning of the thin-walled tube body in the welding tooling, and effectively eliminating the welding misalignment problem caused by the angle deviation of the joint. The contact pattern between the inclined surface and the outer tube wall ensures uniform force distribution during adjustment, preventing tube deformation caused by localized stress concentration. The symmetrical arrangement of the two rows of angle adjustment blocks 4 forms a self-balancing adjustment system, enabling operators to achieve high-precision angle alignment through simple mechanical adjustments, significantly improving the assembly quality of thin-walled tube longitudinal seam welding.
[0040] Optionally, a telescopic member is installed on the side panel 103 ; the angle adjustment block 4 is hinged to the end of the telescopic member; the telescopic member is used to adjust the distance between the angle adjustment block 4 and the side panel 103 .
[0041] The telescopic member refers to a driving component capable of changing its length, which can be implemented by a hydraulic cylinder, an electric push rod, or a pneumatic telescopic rod. Its function is to drive the overall movement of the angle adjustment block 4 by changing its own length, thereby adjusting the support position of the lower tube body. For example, by changing the length of the hydraulic cylinder, the electric push rod, or the pneumatic telescopic rod by telescoping, the spatial position of the angle adjustment block 4 is changed, thereby adjusting the distance between the angle adjustment block 4 and the side plate 103. The articulation refers to a rotatable connection between the angle adjustment block 4 and the telescopic member, which can be implemented by a pin or a ball joint structure. Its function is to allow the angle adjustment block 4 to rotate around the connection point so that its contact surface can adapt to the curvature change of the outer wall of the lower tube body.
[0042] Specifically, the telescopic movement of the telescopic member can drive the angle adjustment block 4 to translate along the side plate 103, thereby achieving a coarse adjustment of the support position; the hinged structure enables the angle adjustment block 4 to rotate freely when in contact with the outer wall of the lower tube body, thereby changing the contact angle according to the surface shape of the tube body. When the tube body has a local curved surface or installation deviation, the adjustment block superimposes the degree of freedom of rotation on the basis of the translation of the telescopic member, so that the inclined surface always fits the outer wall of the tube body, avoiding local stress concentration caused by rigid contact. In this way, the tube body can maintain stable support during the adjustment process and avoid angular deviation caused by poor contact. Through the combination of the telescopic member and the hinged structure, the angle adjustment block 4 has a composite degree of freedom of translation and rotation, which not only realizes active adjustment of the support position, but also allows passive adaptation to the surface morphology of the tube body, forming a rigid-flexible coupling adjustment mechanism, and can also adjust tubes of different sizes. The present invention solves the problem of inflexible adjustment caused by the rigid connection of the angle adjustment block 4 during welding of thin-walled tubes. Through the displacement adjustment of the telescopic part and the adaptive rotation of the hinge, it ensures that the contact surface between the adjustment block and the tube body is always closely fitted, thereby improving the support stability and reducing the risk of tube deformation caused by local stress concentration.
[0043] Optionally, the inclined surfaces of adjacent angle adjustment blocks 4 in the same row are respectively plane and arcuate; the angle adjustment blocks 4 in the same row with plane inclined surfaces are connected to a group of telescopic parts; the angle adjustment blocks 4 in the same row with arcuate inclined surfaces are connected to a group of telescopic parts.
[0044] The planar inclined surface refers to a flat support surface that forms line contact with the outer wall of the tube body. Specifically, it can be implemented by a planar structure formed by mechanical processing, which provides stable support force through line contact. The arc inclined surface refers to an arc-shaped support surface that forms surface contact with the outer wall of the tube body. Specifically, it can be implemented by a circular arc surface formed by CNC processing, which disperses local pressure through surface contact. The telescopic member refers to a drive mechanism with adjustable length. Specifically, it can be implemented by a hydraulic cylinder or an electric push rod. It adjusts the distance between the angle adjustment block 4 and the side plate 103 by changing the telescopic amount.
[0045] Specifically, when processing a circular tube, the arc-shaped inclined surface is tightly fitted to the outer wall of the tube body through surface contact, avoiding deformation of the tube body caused by local stress concentration. At this time, the plane inclined surface is in a non-working state. When processing a polygonal tube, the plane inclined surface is precisely aligned with the edge of the tube body through line contact. At this time, the arc-shaped inclined surface is out of contact. The two sets of telescopic parts independently control the displacement of the plane and arc angle adjustment blocks 4, so that when adjusting the angle of the tube body, the type of adjustment block with effective contact can be selected according to the actual shape of the tube body, while avoiding interference of the adjustment block in the non-working state with the tube body. This split control method only requires fine-tuning of the effective contact surface during the angle adjustment process, which improves the adjustment accuracy and efficiency. Through the combined configuration of the plane and arc adjustment blocks, compatibility support for circular and polygonal tubes is achieved, and by selectively activating the corresponding adjustment blocks during the adjustment process, interference factors caused by invalid contact are eliminated.
[0046] Optionally, the clamping assembly 3 includes multiple connecting frames 301 installed on the base 1; the multiple connecting frames 301 are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the installation groove; the connecting frames 301 are connected to the clamping rod 302 through a lifting member; the bottom surface of the clamping rod 302 is provided with a clamping surface that contacts the outer wall of the upper tube body.
[0047] The connecting frame 301 is a rigid frame structure fixed on the base 1 to support the clamping mechanism. It can be fixed to the base 1 by welding or bolting. The lifting member is a driving component that can adjust the height of the clamping rod 302. For example, it can achieve linear displacement through a threaded pair or a hydraulic cylinder to adapt to different tube curvatures and assembly errors. Figure 2-3 When the lifting member is a clamping bolt 303, the clamping bolt 303 threadedly penetrates the clamping rod 302 and the lower end threadedly fits in the connecting frame 301; a vertically arranged guide rod is also provided on the connecting frame 301, and the guide rod movably penetrates the clamping rod 302. The clamping rod 302 refers to a rigid rod-shaped structure whose end directly contacts the tube body, and the clamping surface on its bottom surface is contoured to match the curved surface of the outer wall of the tube body to increase the contact area and reduce local pressure. Furthermore, the clamping rod 302 can be set as a telescopic structure, and the clamping surface is located on the telescopic section; the position can be adjusted according to pipes of different sizes; of course, a variety of clamping surfaces can also be set in the telescopic section, such as flat surfaces and curved surfaces, and the corresponding clamping surfaces can be selected according to pipes of different shapes.
[0048] Specifically, by arranging multiple independently controlled clamping units along the axis of the tube body, the height of the clamping rod 302 of each unit can be adjusted individually, so that the upper tube body can obtain an appropriate clamping force at different longitudinal positions. After the clamping surface forms surface contact with the outer wall of the tube body, the pressure is evenly transmitted to the circumference of the tube body, avoiding local deformation caused by line contact or point contact. When there is a slight assembly deviation in the tube body, the lifting part can fine-tune the height of the clamping rod 302 to compensate for the gap and maintain the contact surface pressure stable, thereby ensuring that the butt groove surface meets the predetermined gap control requirements throughout the entire length. Through the combination of distributed clamping units and adjustable pressure heads, a flexible clamping system with independent control at multiple points is formed, which not only avoids the problem of mismatch between the overall pressure plate and the tube body curved surface, but also eliminates the influence of assembly deviations through local pressure compensation. Through the independently adjustable clamping units, the assembly errors and processing tolerances of the tube body can be effectively compensated, and the stability of the welding gap can be maintained throughout the entire length. The contoured contact design between the pressing surface and the outer wall of the tube further reduces the pressure in the contact area and prevents plastic deformation of the thin-walled structure during the pressing process.
[0049] Optionally, the misalignment adjustment assembly 5 includes an adjustment frame 501; the adjustment frame 501 is provided with a groove for accommodating the upper tube body; the groove opens toward the base 1; top screw assemblies are provided on both sides of the adjustment frame 501; the top screw assemblies are used to adjust the docking position of the upper tube body and the lower tube body in the horizontal direction.
[0050] Among them, the adjustment frame 501 refers to a support structure with a groove, the opening direction of the groove is consistent with the direction of gravity, so that the upper tube body naturally fits the inner wall of the groove to form a positioning reference. This structure can eliminate the deviation caused by the weight of the tube body.
[0051] Specifically, after the upper tube body is inserted into the groove, its axis position is constrained by the inner wall of the groove to form an initial positioning. When the horizontal misalignment needs to be adjusted, the misalignment amount is adjusted through the top screw assembly.
[0052] Furthermore, the top screw assembly includes: Upper top screw 503 and lower top screw 502; the upper top screw 503 and the lower top screw 502 are arranged horizontally and are used to abut the outer wall of the upper tube body and the outer wall of the lower tube body respectively; and / or an auxiliary top screw, the auxiliary top screw and the longitudinal seam are located at the same horizontal plane and are used to abut against the outer wall of the upper tube body and the outer wall of the lower tube body at the same time.
[0053] Among them, the upper top screw 503 refers to a horizontally arranged cylindrical adjustment piece with a flat contact surface at its end. Specifically, a threaded rod structure can be adopted. By rotating the threaded rod, the end face is moved in the horizontal direction, thereby applying a force to the lateral position of the upper tube body. The structure of the lower top screw 502 is symmetrically arranged with the upper top screw 503, and independent control of both sides is achieved by adjusting the lateral displacement of the lower tube body. The auxiliary top screw refers to an adjustment piece arranged along the longitudinal seam plane. The end of the threaded rod can contact the outer wall of the upper and lower tube bodies at the same time. By synchronously adjusting the position of the two tube bodies, the misalignment caused by welding deformation is compensated, thereby avoiding torque deformation caused by unilateral force.
[0054] Specifically, when the upper tube body and the lower tube body are laterally misaligned during docking, the upper top screw 503 and the lower top screw 502 can be adjusted independently. For example, by rotating the upper top screw 503, the upper tube body is pushed to the right, and at the same time, the lower top screw 502 is tightened to pull the lower tube body to the left, thereby achieving two-way compensation for the misalignment. When there is a local misalignment in the longitudinal seam area, the auxiliary top screw is screwed in until it contacts the upper and lower tube bodies at the same time. Its structure evenly decomposes the adjustment force to the tube bodies on both sides, so that the docking position moves synchronously along the axis of the weld, ensuring that the tube body will not twist during the adjustment process. The combined application of the two sets of top screws can not only eliminate the overall offset at the macro level, but also correct the local deviation at the micro level.
[0055] In some embodiments, the ends of the upper and lower jackscrews 503 and 502 can be provided with polytetrafluoroethylene cushions to prevent scratching of the tube surface. The auxiliary jackscrews can be equipped with bidirectional thread segments to enable simultaneous left-right adjustment. During adjustment, the upper and lower jackscrews 502 can be used to roughly adjust the misalignment, followed by the auxiliary jackscrew for final fine-tuning.
[0056] In some specific embodiments, the jackscrew assembly can be telescopically mounted on the adjustment frame 501 , that is, the distance between the jackscrew assembly and the top of the adjustment frame can be adjusted to accommodate pipes of different sizes.
[0057] In some specific implementations, please combine Figure 4 An inclined reinforcing screw 504 may also be provided on the adjusting frame. The reinforcing screw 504 is used to reinforce the outer wall of the upper tube body to a certain extent, thereby ensuring stability and preventing deformation to a certain extent.
[0058] The independent adjustment of the upper and lower set screws 502 of the welding fixture can independently correct for misalignment on one side of the pipe, while the synchronous adjustment mechanism of the auxiliary set screw eliminates synergistic deviation between the two sides. Together, these two functions form a multi-stage adjustment system. This structure not only accommodates various types of misalignment, but also prevents secondary deformation during the adjustment process, ensuring that the pre-weld alignment accuracy meets the stringent requirements of electron beam welding.
[0059] A method for welding a longitudinal seam of a thin-walled pipe provided in an embodiment of the present invention is applied to a tool for welding a longitudinal seam of a thin-walled pipe, and includes the following steps: Place the lower tube onto the bearing in the installation slot, with the angle adjustment assembly in contact with the outer wall of the lower tube, and adjust the angle of the lower tube in the placement slot; then dock the upper tube onto the lower tube; Use the pressing component 3 to press the upper tube body downward evenly to ensure that the upper and lower tube body butt groove surfaces are in good contact, the gap is controlled within 0.1mm, and the feeler gauge test is qualified; Arrange multiple misalignment adjustment components 5 in the extending direction of the installation groove, and control the top screw components in the misalignment adjustment components 5 to ensure that the upper tube body and the lower tube body are aligned; Use a depth gauge to measure the misalignment of the grooves of the upper and lower pipes along the length of the pipe to ensure that the misalignment does not exceed 0.2mm over the entire length; use a feeler gauge to measure the gap between the upper and lower pipes to ensure that the gap is ≤0.10mm; Use manual TIG self-melting spot welding, spot weld the ends of the two longitudinal seams and every 100mm in the middle, and the length of each spot weld is 20mm; The spot-welded tube body is hoisted into the vacuum chamber of the electron beam equipment and fixed by intermittent spot welding using electron beam.
[0060] Specifically, this method achieves high-precision welding through the coordinated control of tooling and processes. The angle of the lower tube body is first dynamically adjusted to ensure that the groove surfaces of the two tube bodies are parallel; the clamping component 3 applies uniform pressure at multiple points to make the groove surfaces fit tightly to avoid local deformation; the misalignment adjustment component 5 achieves full-length alignment through coordinated fine-tuning of multiple sets of top screws. The gap and misalignment are measured by dual parameters using a depth gauge and a feeler gauge to form a closed-loop control. Manual TIG spot welding forms short-segment positioning welds at key locations to reduce the accumulation of deformation caused by welding heat input. Finally, electron beam spot welding is used in a vacuum environment to complete the fixation, and the rapid solidification characteristics of the high-energy beam are used to further control deformation.
[0061] Furthermore, when the clamping rod 302 is used to tighten the upper tube body, the upper end of the tube body is pressed downward synchronously and evenly, and a torque wrench is used to press the bolts down in turn. After the bolts are in contact with the cylinder body, the bolts are screwed in half a turn each time for adjustment.
[0062] When measuring the misalignment of the upper and lower grooves along the length of the workpiece using a depth gauge, the misalignment should be no more than 0.2mm along the entire length. Measure at 10 locations: one on each end and eight evenly spaced along the center. Use a feeler gauge to measure the gap between the upper and lower parts. The gap should be ≤0.10mm, and the measurement locations should be the same as above.
[0063] When vacuum electron beam welding is used for welding, the welding parameters are: power: 10KW, distance from electron gun to workpiece: 200mm, electron beam current: 22mA, acceleration voltage: 48KV, welding speed: 700mm / min, focusing current: 1.98A.
[0064] The beneficial effects of the welding method of this embodiment relative to the prior art are the same as those of the above-mentioned welding device, and will not be described again here.
[0065] Although the present invention is disclosed as above, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these changes and modifications will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A thin-walled pipe longitudinal seam welding tool, characterized in that: The utility model is used for clamping and fixing the upper tube body and the lower tube body in the vertical direction to form two longitudinal seams to be welded and located in the same horizontal plane; the thin-walled tube longitudinal seam welding tool comprises a base (1), an angle adjustment component, a pressing component (3) and a misalignment adjustment component (5); a mounting groove is provided in the base (1); a bearing member for supporting the lower tube body is provided in the mounting groove; the angle adjustment component is provided on the base (1) and is used to adjust the angle of the lower tube body in the placement groove; the pressing component (3) is connected to the base (1) and is used to press the upper tube body; the misalignment adjustment component (5) is used to adjust the docking position of the upper tube body and the lower tube body in the horizontal direction.
2. The thin-walled tube longitudinal seam welding tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base (1) comprises a bottom plate (101); side plates (103) arranged vertically and parallel to each other are installed on both sides of the bottom plate (101); the bottom plate (101) and the two side plates (103) form the installation groove.
3. The thin-walled tube longitudinal seam welding tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bearing member comprises a support plate (102); both ends of the support plate (102) are respectively connected to the two side plates (103); a height pad (2) is provided on the upper surface of the support plate (102); a plurality of the height pads (2) are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the mounting groove, and the upper surfaces of the plurality of the height pads (2) are located on the same horizontal plane.
4. The thin-walled tube longitudinal seam welding tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: The angle adjustment assembly comprises two rows of angle adjustment blocks (4) connected to the side plates (103); a side of the angle adjustment block (4) close to the mounting groove is provided with an inclined surface in contact with the outer wall of the lower tube body.
5. The thin-walled tube longitudinal seam welding tool according to claim 4, characterized in that: A telescopic member is installed on the side panel (103); the angle adjustment block (4) is hinged to the end of the telescopic member; the telescopic member is used to adjust the distance between the angle adjustment block (4) and the side panel (103).
6. The thin-walled tube longitudinal seam welding tool according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inclined surfaces of the adjacent angle adjustment blocks (4) in the same row are respectively a plane and an arc surface; the angle adjustment blocks (4) in the same row whose inclined surfaces are planes are connected to one group of telescopic parts; and the angle adjustment blocks (4) in the same row whose inclined surfaces are arc surfaces are connected to another group of telescopic parts.
7. The thin-walled tube longitudinal seam welding tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: The clamping assembly (3) comprises a plurality of connecting frames (301) mounted on the base (1); the plurality of connecting frames (301) are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the mounting slot; a clamping rod (302) is connected to the connecting frame (301) via a lifting member; and a clamping surface is provided on the bottom surface of the clamping rod (302) for contacting the outer wall of the upper tube body.
8. The thin-walled tube longitudinal seam welding tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: The misalignment adjustment assembly (5) comprises an adjustment frame; the adjustment frame is provided with a groove for accommodating the upper tube body; the groove opens toward the base (1); both sides of the adjustment frame are provided with a top screw assembly; the top screw assembly is used to adjust the docking position of the upper tube body and the lower tube body in the horizontal direction.
9. The thin-walled tube longitudinal seam welding tool according to claim 8, characterized in that: The top screw assembly includes: An upper top screw (503) and a lower top screw (502); the upper top screw (503) and the lower top screw (502) are arranged horizontally and are used to abut against the outer wall of the upper tube body and the outer wall of the lower tube body respectively; and / or an auxiliary top screw, wherein the auxiliary top screw and the longitudinal seam are located at the same horizontal plane and are used to abut against the outer wall of the upper tube body and the outer wall of the lower tube body at the same time.
10. A method for welding a longitudinal seam of a thin-walled pipe, characterized in that: The thin-walled pipe longitudinal seam welding tool according to any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises the following steps: Place the lower tube onto the bearing in the installation slot, with the angle adjustment assembly in contact with the outer wall of the lower tube, and adjust the angle of the lower tube in the placement slot; then dock the upper tube onto the lower tube; Use the pressing assembly (3) to uniformly press the upper tube body downwards to ensure that the butt groove surfaces of the upper tube body and the lower tube body are in good contact, the gap is controlled within 0.1 mm, and the feeler gauge test is qualified; Arranging a plurality of misalignment adjustment assemblies (5) in the extending direction of the installation groove, and controlling the top screw assembly in the misalignment adjustment assembly (5) to ensure that the upper tube body and the lower tube body are aligned; Use a depth gauge to measure the misalignment of the grooves of the upper and lower pipes along the length of the pipe to ensure that the misalignment does not exceed 0.2mm over the entire length; use a feeler gauge to measure the gap between the upper and lower pipes to ensure that the gap is ≤0.10mm; Use TIG self-melting spot welding, spot weld the ends of the two longitudinal seams and every 100mm in the middle, and the length of each spot weld is 20mm; The spot-welded tube body is hoisted into the vacuum chamber of the electron beam equipment and fixed by intermittent spot welding using electron beam.