Distributed power transmission line fault positioning method and system based on ground potential end transient state information perception, medium and processor

Abstract

The invention discloses a distributed power transmission line fault positioning method and system based on ground potential end transient information perception, a medium and a processor. According to the method, a sensing system is installed at a ground potential end to collect transient information data, and the transient information data is transmitted to a master station system after primary processing, feature extraction, packaging, coding and encryption. And the master station system integrates data to construct a fault transient information data set, accurately calculates a fault position by using multi-feature parameters and an analytic hierarchy process, and performs error correction in combination with historical data. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that multiple characteristic parameters are fused, the line and fault characteristics are comprehensively considered, and the fault positioning accuracy is improved; the strict data acquisition verification and processing flow enhances the reliability of the system; the method can adapt to complex fault scenes and different line conditions, and is wider in application range. The power failure time can be effectively shortened, the operation efficiency and reliability of a power system are improved, and a better solution is provided for power transmission line fault positioning.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of transmission line fault location, and in particular to a distributed transmission line fault location method, system, medium and processor based on ground potential terminal transient information perception. Background Art

[0002] With modern society's increasing demands for reliable and stable power supply, the safe operation of transmission lines, as critical infrastructure for power transmission, is crucial. However, transmission lines are widely distributed and exposed to complex natural environments and operating conditions, making them prone to various faults such as short circuits and open circuits. These faults not only cause power outages, impacting industrial production and residents' lives, but can also lead to serious safety accidents. Therefore, quickly and accurately locating transmission line faults is crucial for shortening outages and improving the efficiency and reliability of power system operations.

[0003] Traditional methods for locating transmission line faults primarily include the impedance method and the traveling wave method. The impedance method determines the fault location by measuring the voltage and current at the time of the fault and calculating the line impedance. However, this method is susceptible to factors such as transition resistance and inaccurate line parameters, resulting in low positioning accuracy, especially in complex fault scenarios. While the traveling wave method offers relatively high positioning accuracy, it has stringent hardware requirements. Furthermore, traveling waves are subject to interference from factors such as line loss, refraction, and reflection during transmission, resulting in reduced positioning accuracy and reliability.

[0004] In summary, the existing transmission line fault location technology has deficiencies in accuracy, reliability and adaptability, and cannot meet the growing demand for safe and stable operation of power systems.

[0005] In view of this, a distributed transmission line fault location method, system, medium and processor based on ground potential terminal transient information perception is needed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing power transmission line fault location technologies in terms of accuracy, reliability, and adaptability, the present invention provides a distributed power transmission line fault location method, system, medium, and processor based on ground potential terminal transient information perception, which can improve the accuracy, reliability, and adaptability of fault location. The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0007] A distributed transmission line fault location method based on ground potential terminal transient information perception includes:

[0008] S1: Install a transient information perception system at the ground potential end and verify the transient information perception function;

[0009] S2: uses transient information data at the ground potential end of the transmission line;

[0010] S3: Preliminary processing of the collected transient information data and extraction of characteristic data;

[0011] S4: The extracted feature data is packaged, encoded, encrypted, and then transmitted to the master station system;

[0012] S5: The master station system integrates the data to obtain a fault transient information data set and calculates the fault location;

[0013] S6: Fault location display and alarm.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S2, when the transient information data of the ground potential end of the transmission line is used, the minimum number of samples collected is calculated as follows:

[0015]

[0016] In the above formula, N min is the minimum number of samples; N pop is a finite overall size; Z α / 2 is the confidence level; σ is the population standard deviation; E is the estimation error.

[0017] Furthermore, in step S3, the extracted characteristic data include transient current peak value, transient voltage amplitude, ground potential offset, ground current density and induced electromotive force generated by transient electromagnetic field coupling.

[0018] Furthermore, in step S5, the master station system integrates the data to obtain a fault transient information data set and calculates the fault location, including the following steps:

[0019] S51: receiving and integrating data to obtain a complete fault transient information data set;

[0020] S52: Accurately calculate the fault location based on the fault transient information data set;

[0021] S53: Verify and correct the calculated fault location through comparative analysis.

[0022] Furthermore, in step S52, the method of accurately calculating the fault location based on the fault transient information data set includes the following steps:

[0023] S521: Selecting parameters for fault location calculation from the fault transient information data set;

[0024] S522: Establishing a relationship model between each characteristic parameter and the fault location;

[0025] S523: Determine the weight of each characteristic parameter using the analytic hierarchy process;

[0026] S524: performing weighted averaging on the fault location estimation values ​​corresponding to the characteristic parameters according to the weights to obtain a comprehensive fault location;

[0027] S525: Construct an error correction function based on historical fault data and actual line conditions, and correct the comprehensive fault location to obtain a final fault location.

[0028] Furthermore, in step S522, when establishing the relationship model between each characteristic parameter and the fault location, the relationship model between the ground current density and the fault location is:

[0029] d4=a4ln(J)+b4;

[0030] In the above formula, a4 and b4 are fitting constants, J is the ground current density; d4 is the first component of the fault location.

[0031] Furthermore, in step S525, the final fault location is:

[0032]

[0033] In the above formula, d final is the final fault location; k1 and k2 are constants obtained by analyzing the calculation errors in historical data; w1 is the transient current peak value I peak The weight of w2 is the transient voltage amplitude V amplitude The weight of w3 is the ground potential offset ΔV g w4 is the weight of the ground current density J; w5 is the induced electromotive force E generated by the transient electromagnetic field coupling ind weights; a1, b1, a2, b2, c2, a3, b3, a4, b4, a5, b5, c5, and d5 are fitting constants when establishing each relationship model.

[0034] A distributed transmission line fault location system based on ground potential terminal transient information perception is applied to the above-mentioned distributed transmission line fault location method based on ground potential terminal transient information perception, comprising:

[0035] A setting module is used to install a transient information perception system at the ground potential end and verify the transient information perception function;

[0036] An acquisition module for acquiring transient information data from the ground potential end of the transmission line;

[0037] An extraction module, which is used to perform preliminary processing on the collected transient information data and extract feature data;

[0038] The transmission module is used to package, encode and encrypt the extracted feature data and transmit it to the main station system;

[0039] The calculation module is used by the master station system to integrate data to obtain a fault transient information data set and calculate the fault location;

[0040] Display module, which is used for fault location display and alarm.

[0041] A computer-readable storage medium includes a stored program, wherein when the program is executed, the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located is controlled to execute the above-mentioned distributed transmission line fault location method based on ground potential terminal transient information perception.

[0042] A processor is used to run a program, wherein when the program is run, the above-mentioned distributed transmission line fault location method based on ground potential terminal transient information perception is executed.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0044] 1. Improve fault location accuracy

[0045] Multi-parameter fusion positioning: Existing technologies often rely on a single or a few parameters to locate faults. This patented solution extracts multiple characteristic parameters, including transient current peak value, transient voltage amplitude, ground potential offset, ground current density, and the induced electromotive force generated by transient electromagnetic field coupling. By establishing a relationship model between each parameter and the fault location and using the hierarchical analysis method to determine the weights, a weighted average is calculated to calculate the fault location. This can comprehensively reflect the fault characteristics, avoid the limitations of a single parameter, and significantly improve positioning accuracy. For example, in the case of a short circuit fault, combining parameters such as transient current peak value and ground potential offset can more accurately determine the fault location.

[0046] Considering line characteristics and fault type: When calculating fault locations, we fully consider the impact of the transmission line topology, electrical parameters, and fault type on traveling wave propagation. For example, when establishing relationship models and calculating traveling wave propagation velocity, we incorporate factors such as line distribution parameters and fault point transition resistance. This makes the location algorithm more realistic, reduces errors, and improves location accuracy.

[0047] 2. Enhance system reliability

[0048] Comprehensive data collection and verification: Starting with data collection, we ensure the volume and accuracy of collected data meet fault analysis requirements by rationally calculating the minimum number of samples. We also rigorously verify the transient information perception system, including testing simulated fault signals. Only when perception and transmission are accurate and reliable is the system considered normal, effectively reducing the risk of misjudgment and ensuring stable system operation.

[0049] Multiple data processing safeguards: Collected data undergoes preliminary processing, including filtering and noise reduction, to remove interference signals and improve data quality. Data transmission utilizes packaged coding and encryption technology to ensure data accuracy, integrity, and security during transmission, preventing data loss or tampering and enhancing system reliability.

[0050] 3. Improve system adaptability

[0051] Suitable for complex fault scenarios: This solution accurately addresses both common faults like short circuits and open circuits, as well as complex fault scenarios, through multi-parameter fusion and comprehensive analysis. For example, in complex fault scenarios, different parameters reflect fault characteristics from different perspectives, providing comprehensive information for fault location and ensuring stable system operation in various fault scenarios.

[0052] Flexible Adaptability to Different Line Conditions: The transient information sensing unit can be installed at the appropriate ground potential terminal location based on the actual layout, topography, and electrical characteristics of the transmission line. Furthermore, various line parameters are considered during the calculation process, enabling the system to adapt to different line conditions and accommodate a wide range of application scenarios. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0053] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly describes the drawings required for the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. Similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals throughout the drawings. Elements or parts in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0054] Figure 1 The figure is a flow chart of a distributed transmission line fault location method based on ground potential terminal transient information perception;

[0055] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of a distributed transmission line fault location system based on transient information perception at the ground potential end. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0057] It should be understood that when used in this application, the terms "include" and "comprising" indicate the presence of described features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or collections thereof.

[0058] It should also be understood that the terms used in the present specification are only for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. As used in the present specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0059] It should be further understood that the term "and / or" used in this application refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0060] Example 1

[0061] like Figure 1 The figure shows a flow chart of a distributed transmission line fault location method based on ground potential terminal transient information perception, which includes the following steps:

[0062] S1: Install a transient information perception system at the ground potential end and verify the transient information perception function.

[0063] S11: Based on the actual conditions such as the layout, topography, and electrical characteristics of the transmission line, comprehensively evaluate and select a suitable ground potential end location to install the transient information perception unit. Ensure that the selected location can effectively perceive the transient information generated by the transmission line and that the equipment is easy to install and maintain. Furthermore, when installing the transient information perception unit, the transient information perception unit should be firmly installed in a determined position in accordance with the equipment installation specifications, and the relevant electrical and communication lines should be correctly connected. Perform a comprehensive debugging of the installed transient information perception unit. Check whether its power supply is normal, whether the signal acquisition function is accurate, and whether the communication connection with the data acquisition and processing unit is stable.

[0064] S12: Install the data acquisition and processing unit in a suitable location and ensure that it is properly connected to the transient information perception unit and the communication unit. Debug the data acquisition and processing unit, set reasonable parameters such as sampling frequency and sampling time, and check whether the data storage and preliminary processing functions are normal.

[0065] S13: Install the communication unit and configure the corresponding communication parameters, such as communication protocol, network address, etc. Test the data transmission function between the communication unit and the data acquisition and processing unit and the master station system to ensure that data can be transmitted stably and reliably.

[0066] S14: Deploy the master station system in the control center and install the relevant software and database. Debug the master station system to ensure it can properly receive, store, and process data from each data acquisition and processing unit, and accurately run the fault location algorithm.

[0067] S15: Verify whether transient information can be accurately sensed and transmitted by simulating fault signals, etc., which specifically includes the following steps:

[0068] S151: Generate a corresponding simulated fault signal according to the type of fault that may occur in the transmission line.

[0069] For example, for a short-circuit fault, the simulated fault current I can be calculated using the following formula: sim :

[0070]

[0071] Where E is the electromotive force of the power supply, Z s is the system impedance, Z f is the transition resistance at the fault point, Z L is the transmission line impedance.

[0072] For open circuit fault, the simulated fault voltage V sim A certain proportion of the line rated voltage, such as:

[0073] V sim =k×V rated ;

[0074] Where k is the proportional coefficient (e.g. k = 1 when open, 0 when not completely open <k<1),V rated is the rated voltage of the line.

[0075] S152: The generated simulated fault signal is injected into the transmission line simulation environment according to the set fault location through a specific signal injection device.

[0076] S153: When a simulated fault occurs, the transient information sensing unit senses the transient current I generated by the simulated fault. sense and transient voltage V sense The data acquisition and processing unit is based on the sampling frequency f s The digital signal output by the transient information perception unit is collected. The number of samples collected in the time interval [t0, t1] is:

[0077] N=(t1-t0)×f s .

[0078] S154: Compare the theoretical value of the simulated fault signal with the actual value sensed by the transient information sensing unit and calculate the error rate. Taking current as an example, the current error rate δ I The calculation formula is:

[0079]

[0080] If δ I Less than the preset allowable error threshold ∈ I , it is considered that the transient current sensing is accurate; similarly, for voltage, the voltage error rate δ V The calculation formula is:

[0081]

[0082] If δ V Less than the preset allowable error threshold ∈ V , then the transient voltage perception is considered accurate. I <∈ I And δ V <∈ V Only when the transient information is perceived accurately can it be determined.

[0083] In the above formula, I sim is the input fault transient current; I sense is the sensed fault transient current; V sim is the input fault transient voltage; V sense is the sensed fault transient voltage.

[0084] S155: The data acquisition and processing unit packages and encodes the collected transient data and transmits it to the master station system via the communication unit. After receiving the data, the master station system checks the data integrity. Assuming the total length of the transmitted data is L bits and the number of error bits is n, the bit error rate (BER) is calculated as follows:

[0085]

[0086] If the BER is less than the preset bit error rate standard value BER standard , and the data transmission delay T delay Less than the maximum allowed delay time T max , it is considered that the transient information transmission is accurate and reliable.

[0087] S156: Only when the transient information is accurately perceived and transmitted accurately and reliably, that is, all the above conditions are met, can the entire system be judged to be able to accurately perceive and transmit transient information; otherwise, the system needs to be inspected and debugged, and the above verification steps need to be repeated until the system meets the requirements.

[0088] S2: Use the transient information data of the ground potential end of the transmission line.

[0089] 1. When a transmission line fault occurs, the transient information sensing unit responds quickly, sensing transient electrical quantity information such as current and voltage generated by the fault. This transient information contains important characteristics such as the fault type.

[0090] 2. Real-time data collection: In the transmission line fault data collection scenario, determine the number of all points that may generate transient information and use it as a finite population size N pop For example, the total number of monitoring points with transient information sensing capabilities installed on the transmission line is N pop According to actual needs, set the allowable estimation error E, that is, the maximum deviation of the expected sample data from the estimated overall characteristics; select the confidence level, such as the common 95% confidence level, corresponding to Z α / 2 =1.96; if the population standard deviation σ is known (can be obtained through statistical analysis of historical data), it can be used directly; if the population standard deviation is unknown, the sample standard deviation s can be obtained through small-scale pre-sampling to approximate the population standard deviation σ. The formula for calculating the minimum number of samples is as follows:

[0091]

[0092] In the above formula, N min is the minimum number of samples; N pop is a finite overall size; Z α / 2 is the confidence level; σ is the population standard deviation; E is the estimation error.

[0093] Calculate the minimum number of samples required to achieve the desired estimation accuracy under the current conditions.

[0094] Perform sampling operation: The data acquisition and processing unit collects the digital signal output by the transient information perception unit in real time according to the preset sampling frequency (such as thousands of times per second or even higher). Ensure that the number of samples collected is not less than N within a short period of time after the fault occurs. min , thus meeting the data volume and accuracy requirements of subsequent fault analysis. The collected parameters include:

[0095] Current parameters: transient current amplitude, transient current waveform, transient current phase.

[0096] Voltage parameters: transient voltage amplitude, transient voltage phase, transient voltage frequency.

[0097] Time parameters: fault occurrence time, sampling time.

[0098] Other parameters: transient power (active power, reactive power), traveling wave related parameters (traveling wave propagation speed, reflection coefficient, refraction coefficient, etc.).

[0099] 3. Data storage capacity estimation formula: The collected data needs to be stored in the local storage device of the data collection and processing unit. If the storage space occupied by each sample data is S (unit: byte), the number of collected samples is N (the number of samples N must be greater than or equal to the minimum number of samples N mentioned above) min ), and considering the storage timestamp, each timestamp occupies T bytes of storage space, then the total storage space V required to store this data can be calculated by the formula:

[0100] V=N×(S+T):

[0101] This formula can help assess device storage capacity requirements and avoid data loss due to insufficient storage.

[0102] 3. Data Storage: The collected data is immediately stored in the local storage device of the data acquisition and processing unit for subsequent processing and analysis. The stored data should include a timestamp to accurately record the time when the fault occurred.

[0103] S3: Perform preliminary processing on the collected transient information data and extract characteristic data.

[0104] S31: Filtering: The data acquisition and processing unit filters the collected raw data to remove high-frequency noise and low-frequency interference signals. This can be done using digital filters, such as low-pass filters, high-pass filters, or band-pass filters. The appropriate filter type and parameters are selected based on the frequency characteristics of the transient signal.

[0105] S32: Noise Reduction: In addition to filtering, other noise reduction algorithms, such as wavelet transform noise reduction, can be used to further improve data quality. Noise reduction makes the characteristics of transient signals more distinct, facilitating subsequent feature parameter extraction.

[0106] S33: Feature Parameter Extraction: Extract key characteristic parameters of transient signals from filtered and noise-reduced data. For example, parameters such as the peak value, rise time, fall time, and duration of transient current are extracted; parameters such as the amplitude, phase, and frequency variation of transient voltage are extracted. These characteristic parameters serve as important input data for fault location algorithms.

[0107] 1. Peak value of transient current I peak is an important parameter that reflects the maximum amplitude of the instantaneous fault current. By traversing the filtered and denoised current data I(t), the maximum value is found, namely:

[0108] I peak =max{I(t)};

[0109] Where t represents time, and I(t) is the current value at time t.

[0110] 2. Rise time t rise It is defined as the current from a set starting threshold I start Rising to peak I peak First determine the starting threshold I start (usually a certain percentage of the peak value, such as I start =0.1I peak ), then find the first time the current reaches I start At time t1 and reaching the peak I peak At time t2, rise time:

[0111] t rise =t2-t1.

[0112] 3. Fall time t fall is the current from the peak value I peak Drop to a set end threshold I end The time interval. End threshold I end It can also be set to a certain ratio of the peak value (such as I end =0.1I peak ). Find the time when the current first drops from its peak value to I end At time t3, the fall time is:

[0113] t fall =t3-t2.

[0114] 4. Duration t duration It means that the transient current is kept within a certain amplitude range (usually the starting threshold I start and end threshold I end The time from the first time the current reaches I start Start, until the last time below I end End, the time difference during this period is the duration t duration . Assume that I is reached for the first time start The time is t start , the last time it was lower than I end The time is t end ,but:

[0115] t duration =t end -t start .

[0116] 5. Amplitude of transient voltage V amplitude The extraction method is similar to the current peak value. The filtered and denoised voltage data V(t) is traversed to find the maximum value, that is:

[0117] V amplitude =max{V(t)}.

[0118] 6. Phase The extraction of is usually done with the help of Fourier transform. First, the voltage signal V(t) is subjected to discrete Fourier transform (DFT) to obtain the frequency domain representation V(f), where f is the frequency. At the fundamental frequency f0, the phase It can be calculated that:

[0119]

[0120]

[0121] where Im(V(f0)) and Re(V(f0)) are the imaginary and real parts of V(f0), respectively.

[0122] 7. To calculate the frequency change of transient voltage signals, time-frequency analysis methods such as short-time Fourier transform (STFT) or wavelet transform can be used. Taking short-time Fourier transform as an example, the voltage signal V(t) is divided into multiple short time periods, and Fourier transform is performed on each short time period. Let the result after short-time Fourier transform be V(t,f). By analyzing the change of frequency f corresponding to different time t, the frequency change curve with time can be obtained, and then the relevant parameters of frequency change, such as frequency change rate, can be obtained. Assuming that at adjacent times t1 and t2, the corresponding frequencies are f1 and f2 respectively, then the frequency change rate is:

[0123]

[0124] 8. Ground potential offset characteristics: Ground potential offset is the difference between the ground potential during fault and the ground potential during normal operation. g Indicates the ground potential offset, V g is the measured ground potential at the ground potential terminal during the fault, V g0 The ground potential of the ground terminal during normal operation is calculated as follows:

[0125] ΔV g =V g -V g0 ;

[0126] The magnitude and change of the ground potential offset can reflect the fault condition. If a short circuit fault occurs, a large fault current flows into the ground, causing V g A sharp increase, ΔV g Increase; when the circuit breaker fails, V g Small change, ΔV g Also smaller.

[0127] 9. Ground current density J: To study the distribution of ground current, ground current density J is introduced. According to the current continuity equation (ρ v is the charge density), combined with Ohm's law J = σE (σ is the conductivity, E is the electric field strength), in a uniform conductive medium, the ground current density J can be expressed as:

[0128]

[0129] Among them I earth is the ground current, S is the cross-sectional area perpendicular to the direction of current. earth By determining S, we can analyze the ground current distribution and determine the fault location and current diffusion path.

[0130] 10 The induced electromotive force E generated by transient electromagnetic field coupling ind : According to the law of electromagnetic induction, the induced electromotive force E generated by the ground potential terminal equipment under the influence of the transient electromagnetic field ind The calculation formula is:

[0131]

[0132] Φ is the magnetic flux through the ground potential terminal device, and t is the time. If the functional relationship between the magnetic flux Φ and time t is known, the induced electromotive force can be obtained by taking its derivative. E is measured using multiple pairs of ground potential terminal devices. ind ,Combined with the geometric and electromagnetic parameters of the transmission line, ,the location of the fault point can be determined by using ,location algorithms such as triangulation.

[0133] S4: The extracted feature data is packaged, encoded and encrypted and then transmitted to the main station system.

[0134] S41: Data Packaging and Coding: The data acquisition and processing unit packages the processed data, organizes the data into a specific format, and encodes it. The encoding method should ensure the accuracy and integrity of the data during transmission, while also considering the efficiency of data transmission.

[0135] Assume that the data to be encoded is a data set D = {d1, d2, ..., d n}, in order to encode it into a format suitable for transmission, a simple linear weighted encoding method is adopted. First, for each feature parameter d i Assign a weight w i ,The selection of weight can be determined based on the importance of the ,characteristic parameter in fault analysis, and meets the ,satisfaction of the following conditions:

[0136]

[0137] The calculation formula of the encoded code value C is:

[0138]

[0139] Where b is an offset used to adjust the range of the encoding result to avoid negative or too small values ​​that affect transmission and analysis. For example, if the dataset contains the transient current peak value I peak , transient voltage amplitude V amplitude Equal characteristic parameters, assuming I peak The weight of V is w1; amplitude The weight is w2, and (w1+w2=1), the offset is b, then the encoded code value is:

[0140] C=w1×I peak +w2×V amplitude +b;

[0141] The coding result is further processed, such as converted into binary form for transmission in digital communication systems. Assume that the value range of the coding result C is [C min ,C max ], the process of converting it into a k-bit binary number can be expressed as:

[0142]

[0143] in, Indicates rounding down x, C binary This is the binary code that is ultimately used for transmission. Thus, through the above encoding formula, the collected and processed data can be encoded to ensure the data's characteristic information while meeting transmission requirements.

[0144] S42: Data Transmission: The communication unit transmits the packaged and encoded data to the master station system via wireless or wired communication. Wireless communication can utilize technologies such as 4G, 5G, and Wi-Fi, while wired communication can utilize optical fiber, Ethernet, and other methods. During transmission, data real-time and reliability must be ensured to avoid data loss or excessive transmission delays.

[0145] S43: Data encryption: To ensure data security, data is encrypted before transmission. Using an appropriate encryption algorithm, such as a symmetric or asymmetric encryption algorithm, the data is encrypted to prevent it from being stolen or tampered with during transmission.

[0146] S5: The master station system integrates the data to obtain a fault transient information data set and calculates the fault location.

[0147] S51: Data is received and integrated to obtain a complete fault transient information dataset. The master station system receives data transmitted from various data acquisition and processing units and integrates the data. Based on the data timestamp and device identifier, the data collected at different locations is matched and associated to form a complete fault transient information dataset.

[0148] S511: The master station system receives data transmitted from m data acquisition and processing units. Let the data transmitted by the i-th data acquisition and processing unit be the set D i , where i = 1, 2, ..., m. Then the data set received by the master station system is:

[0149]

[0150] S512: The data in each data set has a timestamp, and the timestamp is t. Assume that the time interval of the fault is [t start ,t end ], filter out the data within the time interval from the received data set D and obtain a new data set D filtered For any data d in set D, if t s tart≤t(d)≤t e nd, then d∈D filtered , where t(d) represents the timestamp of data d.

[0151] S513: The data also has a device identifier, and the device identifier is set as ID. According to different device identifiers, the filtered data D filtered For classification, suppose there are n different device identifiers, recorded as ID1, ID2, ..., ID n . Then the classified data subset is Where j = 1, 2, ..., n, and satisfies For the set D filtered For any data d in, if ID(d)=ID j ,but ID(d) represents the device identification of data d.

[0152] S514: For each device identifier, identify the corresponding data set , sort the data in chronological order. Let the sorted data be d j1 ,d j2 ,…,d jk , where k is the number of data under the device identification. Through the continuity of timestamps and the consistency of device identification, the data under different device identifications are matched and associated to form a complete fault transient information data set D complete If there is data d i1 and d j2 , satisfying t(d i1 )=t(d j2 ) and |ID(d i1 )-ID(d j2 )|Within the reasonable range of adjacent device identification differences, d i1and d j2 Associated and incorporated into D complete middle.

[0153] S52: Accurately calculate the fault location based on the fault transient information data set.

[0154] S521: Select parameters for fault location calculation from the fault transient information dataset. Different fault types will cause electrical quantities on the transmission line to exhibit specific distributions and variations. For example, during a short circuit, the transient current amplitude near the fault point will increase dramatically. Therefore, the focus should be on data from acquisition devices in areas of the dataset where current changes are significant. If multiple acquisition devices detect current anomalies, prioritize data from the device with the largest current amplitude change and a trend that best reflects the short circuit characteristics. This data can more accurately reflect the severity and location of the fault, providing key information for subsequent fault location.

[0155] Assume that the transient current peak value I peak , transient voltage amplitude V amplitude , ground potential offset ΔV g , ground current density J, induced electromotive force E generated by transient electromagnetic field coupling ind These five characteristic parameters are recorded as x1, x2, x3, x4, and x5 respectively.

[0156] S522: Establish a relationship model between each characteristic parameter and the fault location.

[0157] Transient current peak I peak Relationship with fault location d: Through the analysis of a large amount of historical fault data and experimental data, it is found that the transient current peak value I peak It is roughly linearly related to the fault location d, assuming d1=a1I peak +b1, where a1 and b1 are constants determined by data fitting.

[0158] Transient voltage amplitude V amplitude Relationship with fault location d: After research, the transient voltage amplitude V amplitude The relationship between the fault location d and the quadratic function can be expressed as follows: a2, b2, and c2 are constants obtained from fitting.

[0159] Ground potential offset ΔV g Relationship with fault location d: Assuming the ground potential offset ΔV g The linear relationship with the fault position d is d3=a3ΔV g +b3, a3, b3 are fixed constants.

[0160] Relationship between the in - ground current density J and the fault location d: Through experiments and theoretical analysis, the relationship between the in - ground current density J and the fault location d is obtained as d4 = a4ln(J)+b4, where a4 and b4 are constants.

[0161] The induced electromotive force E generated by transient electromagnetic field coupling ind Relationship with the fault location d: Let a5, b5, c5, and d5 are constants determined by fitting.

[0162] S523: Use the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine the weights of each characteristic parameter. Construct a judgment matrix and determine the relative importance between different characteristic parameters through methods such as expert scoring. After passing the consistency test, obtain the weight w1 of the transient current peak I peak the weight w2 of the transient voltage amplitude V amplitude the weight w3 of the ground potential offset ΔV g the weight w4 of the in - ground current density J, and the weight w5 of the induced electromotive force E generated by transient electromagnetic field coupling ind satisfy:

[0163] w1 + w2+w3 + w4+w5 = 1 and 0≤w i ≤1, i = 1, 2, …, 5.

[0164] S524: Weight - average the estimated values of the fault location corresponding to each characteristic parameter according to the weights to obtain the calculation formula for the comprehensive fault location d:

[0165] d = w1d1+w2d2+w3d3+w4d4+w5d5;

[0166] Substitute the relationship models between the previously obtained characteristic parameters and the fault location into the above formula to get:

[0167]

[0168] S525: According to historical fault data and actual line conditions, construct an error - correction function to correct the comprehensive fault location to obtain the final fault location.

[0169] According to historical fault data and actual line conditions, construct an error - correction function f(d). Assume it is a linear function f(d)=k1d + k2, where k1 and k2 are constants obtained by analyzing the calculation errors in historical data. The corrected fault location d final is:

[0170] d final = d + f(d)=d+(k1d + k2)=(1 + k1)d + k2;

[0171] Substituting the expression for d into the equation, we get:

[0172]

[0173] S53: Verify and correct the calculated fault location through comparative analysis. The rationality of the calculated result is determined by comparing it with historical fault data and actual line conditions. If significant errors are found in the calculated result, recheck the data acquisition, processing, and algorithm parameters, and make necessary adjustments and corrections.

[0174] S6: Fault location display and alarm

[0175] Fault Location Display: The master station system intuitively displays the calculated fault location on the monitoring interface. The specific location of the fault can be marked using maps, line diagrams, and other methods. It also displays relevant information such as the time of occurrence and fault type, making it easier for maintenance personnel to understand the fault situation.

[0176] Fault Alarm: When a fault is detected and located, the master station system immediately issues an alarm signal. Alarms can include sound alarms, light alarms, and SMS notifications, ensuring that maintenance personnel receive fault information promptly.

[0177] Fault information recording and archiving: The master station system records and archives detailed information about the fault, including fault time, fault location, transient data, and fault location calculation results. These records provide an important basis for subsequent fault analysis, line maintenance, and optimization.

[0178] The beneficial effects of this application scheme compared with the existing technology are as follows:

[0179] 1. Improve fault location accuracy

[0180] Multi-parameter fusion positioning: Existing technologies often rely on a single or a few parameters to locate faults. This patented solution extracts multiple characteristic parameters, including transient current peak value, transient voltage amplitude, ground potential offset, ground current density, and the induced electromotive force generated by transient electromagnetic field coupling. By establishing a relationship model between each parameter and the fault location and using the hierarchical analysis method to determine the weights, a weighted average is calculated to calculate the fault location. This can comprehensively reflect the fault characteristics, avoid the limitations of a single parameter, and significantly improve positioning accuracy. For example, in the case of a short circuit fault, combining parameters such as transient current peak value and ground potential offset can more accurately determine the fault location.

[0181] Considering line characteristics and fault type: When calculating fault locations, we fully consider the impact of the transmission line topology, electrical parameters, and fault type on traveling wave propagation. For example, when establishing relationship models and calculating traveling wave propagation velocity, we incorporate factors such as line distribution parameters and fault point transition resistance. This makes the location algorithm more realistic, reduces errors, and improves location accuracy.

[0182] 2. Enhance system reliability

[0183] Comprehensive data collection and verification: Starting with data collection, we ensure the volume and accuracy of collected data meet fault analysis requirements by rationally calculating the minimum number of samples. We also rigorously verify the transient information perception system, including testing simulated fault signals. Only when perception and transmission are accurate and reliable is the system considered normal, effectively reducing the risk of misjudgment and ensuring stable system operation.

[0184] Multiple data processing safeguards: Collected data undergoes preliminary processing, including filtering and noise reduction, to remove interference signals and improve data quality. Data transmission utilizes packaged coding and encryption technology to ensure data accuracy, integrity, and security during transmission, preventing data loss or tampering and enhancing system reliability.

[0185] 3. Improve system adaptability

[0186] Suitable for complex fault scenarios: This solution accurately addresses both common faults like short circuits and open circuits, as well as complex fault scenarios, through multi-parameter fusion and comprehensive analysis. For example, in complex fault scenarios, different parameters reflect fault characteristics from different perspectives, providing comprehensive information for fault location and ensuring stable system operation in various fault scenarios.

[0187] Flexible Adaptability to Different Line Conditions: The transient information sensing unit can be installed at the appropriate ground potential terminal location based on the actual layout, topography, and electrical characteristics of the transmission line. Furthermore, various line parameters are considered during the calculation process, enabling the system to adapt to different line conditions and accommodate a wide range of application scenarios.

[0188] Example 2

[0189] like Figure 2 As shown, a distributed transmission line fault location system based on ground potential terminal transient information perception is applied to the above-mentioned distributed transmission line fault location method based on ground potential terminal transient information perception, comprising:

[0190] A setting module is used to install a transient information perception system at the ground potential end and verify the transient information perception function;

[0191] An acquisition module for acquiring transient information data from the ground potential end of the transmission line;

[0192] An extraction module, which is used to perform preliminary processing on the collected transient information data and extract feature data;

[0193] The transmission module is used to package, encode and encrypt the extracted feature data and transmit it to the main station system;

[0194] The calculation module is used by the master station system to integrate data to obtain a fault transient information data set and calculate the fault location;

[0195] Display module, which is used for fault location display and alarm.

[0196] Example 3

[0197] A computer-readable storage medium includes a stored program, wherein when the program is executed, the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located is controlled to execute the above-mentioned distributed transmission line fault location method based on ground potential terminal transient information perception.

[0198] Example 4

[0199] A processor is used to run a program, wherein when the program is run, the above-mentioned distributed transmission line fault location method based on ground potential terminal transient information perception is executed.

[0200] The present application discloses a method, system, medium and processor for locating faults in distributed power transmission lines based on transient information perception at the ground potential end. The method collects transient information data by installing a sensing system at the ground potential end, and transmits it to the master station system after preliminary processing, feature extraction, packaging, encoding and encryption. The master station system integrates the data to construct a fault transient information data set, uses multiple feature parameters and hierarchical analysis method to accurately calculate the fault location, and combines historical data for error correction. Compared with the existing technology, the present invention integrates multiple feature parameters, comprehensively considers the line and fault characteristics, and improves the accuracy of fault location; strict data collection verification and processing procedures enhance system reliability; it can adapt to complex fault scenarios and different line conditions, and has a wider range of applications. The present invention can effectively shorten the power outage time, improve the operating efficiency and reliability of the power system, and provide a better solution for transmission line fault location.

[0201] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the units of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of the two. In order to clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the composition of each example has been generally described in terms of function in the above description. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of the present invention.

[0202] In the embodiments provided by the present invention, it should be understood that the division of units is merely a logical function division, and there may be other division methods in actual implementation, for example, multiple units can be combined into one unit, one unit can be split into multiple units, or some features can be ignored, etc.

[0203] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into a single processing unit, each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into a single unit. The aforementioned integrated units may be implemented in the form of hardware or software functional units.

[0204] If the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-0nly Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), mobile hard disk, magnetic disk or optical disk, etc., various media that can store program code.

[0205] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features therein. These modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be included in the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A distributed transmission line fault location method based on ground potential terminal transient information perception, characterized in that: include: S1: Install a transient information perception system at the ground potential end and verify the transient information perception function; S2: uses transient information data at the ground potential end of the transmission line; S3: Preliminary processing of the collected transient information data and extraction of characteristic data; S4: The extracted feature data is packaged, encoded, encrypted, and then transmitted to the master station system; S5: The master station system integrates the data to obtain a fault transient information data set and calculates the fault location; S6: Fault location display and alarm.

2. The method for locating faults in distributed power transmission lines based on ground potential terminal transient information perception according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, when the transient information data of the ground potential end of the transmission line is used, the minimum number of samples collected is calculated as follows: In the above formula, N min is the minimum number of samples; N pop is a finite overall size; Z α / 2 is the confidence level; σ is the population standard deviation; E is the estimation error.

3. The method for locating faults in distributed power transmission lines based on ground potential transient information perception according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the extracted characteristic data include transient current peak value, transient voltage amplitude, ground potential offset, ground current density and induced electromotive force generated by transient electromagnetic field coupling.

4. The method for locating faults in distributed power transmission lines based on ground potential terminal transient information perception according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S5, the master station system integrates the data to obtain a fault transient information data set and calculates the fault location, including the following steps: S51: receiving and integrating data to obtain a complete fault transient information data set; S52: Accurately calculate the fault location based on the fault transient information data set; S53: Verify and correct the calculated fault location through comparative analysis.

5. The method for locating faults in distributed power transmission lines based on ground potential terminal transient information perception according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S52, the method of accurately calculating the fault location based on the fault transient information data set includes the following steps: S521: Selecting parameters for fault location calculation from the fault transient information data set; S522: Establishing a relationship model between each characteristic parameter and the fault location; S523: Determine the weight of each characteristic parameter using the analytic hierarchy process; S524: performing weighted averaging on the fault location estimation values ​​corresponding to the characteristic parameters according to the weights to obtain a comprehensive fault location; S525: Construct an error correction function based on historical fault data and actual line conditions, and correct the comprehensive fault location to obtain a final fault location.

6. The method for locating faults in distributed power transmission lines based on ground potential terminal transient information perception according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S522, when establishing the relationship model between each characteristic parameter and the fault location, the relationship model between the ground current density and the fault location is: d4=a4ln(J)+b4; In the above formula, a4 and b4 are fitting constants, J is the ground current density; d4 is the first component of the fault location.

7. The method for locating faults in distributed power transmission lines based on ground potential terminal transient information perception according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S525, the final fault location is: In the above formula, d final is the final fault location; k1 and k2 are constants obtained by analyzing the calculation errors in historical data; w1 is the transient current peak value I peak The weight of w2 is the transient voltage amplitude V amplitude The weight of w3 is the ground potential offset ΔV g w4 is the weight of the ground current density J; w5 is the induced electromotive force E generated by the transient electromagnetic field coupling ind weights; a1, b1, a2, b2, c2, a3, b3, a4, b4, a5, b5, c5, and d5 are fitting constants when establishing each relationship model.

8. A distributed transmission line fault location system based on ground potential terminal transient information perception, characterized in that: The distributed transmission line fault location method based on ground potential terminal transient information perception as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 comprises: A setting module is used to install a transient information perception system at the ground potential end and verify the transient information perception function; An acquisition module for acquiring transient information data from the ground potential end of the transmission line; An extraction module, which is used to perform preliminary processing on the collected transient information data and extract feature data; The transmission module is used to package, encode and encrypt the extracted feature data and transmit it to the main station system; The calculation module is used by the master station system to integrate data to obtain a fault transient information data set and calculate the fault location; Display module, which is used for fault location display and alarm.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that The computer-readable storage medium includes a stored program, wherein when the program is running, the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located is controlled to execute the distributed transmission line fault location method based on ground potential terminal transient information perception as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A processor, characterized in that: The processor is used to run a program, wherein the program, when running, executes the distributed transmission line fault location method based on ground potential terminal transient information perception according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

Images