Three-dimensional stratum modeling method and device based on horizontal well
Through the three-dimensional formation modeling method based on horizontal wells, horizontal well data is used for grid construction and fitting, which solves the problem of low accuracy of traditional modeling, realizes the detailed description of shale gas formations and local structures, and improves the benefits of shale gas development.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202410322568.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-03-20
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-23
AI Technical Summary
In shale gas exploration and development, traditional formation modeling methods are difficult to accurately reflect tiny stratigraphic changes when there are few vertical wells, resulting in low modeling accuracy. In particular, it is difficult to achieve high-precision micro-structural description in shale gas development areas.
A three-dimensional stratigraphic modeling method based on horizontal wells is adopted. By extracting the geological sub-layer information encountered by the horizontal wells, grid construction and data point thinning are performed, and the stratigraphic layer data are fitted using the spatial trend surface. The three-dimensional visualization is then performed to achieve a detailed characterization of the stratigraphic layer and well data.
It achieves high-precision characterization of shale gas formations and local structures, provides a more refined three-dimensional formation model for shale gas development, and improves the horizontal well drilling rate and the accuracy of target design.
Smart Images
Figure CN120689532A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present disclosure belongs to the field of shale gas exploration and development, and in particular relates to a three-dimensional formation modeling method and device based on horizontal wells. Background Art
[0002] In recent years, with increasing awareness and technological advancements, shale gas has become a new highlight in global oil and gas exploration and development, becoming one of the most important areas of oil and gas exploration and development today. However, as shale gas exploration and development continues to deepen, marine stratum heterogeneity, including intrastratum heterogeneity between horizontal wells and well groups, has become increasingly prominent, gradually becoming a technical bottleneck restricting shale gas development. Microstructural variations between wells and well groups also pose a challenge.
[0003] To address this technical issue, 3D stratigraphic modeling is required, currently primarily performed using software such as Petrel. However, traditional stratigraphic modeling often relies on a combination of data from appraisal wells (vertical or low-angle wells) and seismic attribute data. In shale gas development areas with few vertical wells, accurately capturing minute stratigraphic changes is difficult, and modeling accuracy is low. Even with high-quality 3D seismic data, seismic interpretation accuracy can only reach around 10 meters. Currently, most target shale gas intervals in my country are below 10 meters, making their sensitivity to stratigraphic changes low.
[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a three-dimensional formation modeling method and device for horizontal wells, which can make full use of horizontal wells for formation modeling and achieve a detailed description of the formations and microstructures between shale gas horizontal wells. Summary of the Invention
[0005] In order to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned existing technologies, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional formation modeling method and device based on horizontal wells. When there are few vertical wells (evaluation wells and pilot wells) and no accurate formation structural level (real formation dip), three-dimensional formation reconstruction is carried out by relying on the actual geological layer encountered by the horizontal well, so as to achieve a three-dimensional true presentation of the level changes of the small layer encountered by the horizontal well and the fine characterization of the micro-structure, provide technical support for the target design of the shale gas horizontal well group, maximize the horizontal well target drilling rate, and realize the efficient development of shale gas.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present disclosure provides the following technical solutions:
[0007] A three-dimensional formation modeling method based on horizontal wells, comprising:
[0008] Extracting information about geological layers encountered by horizontal wells;
[0009] Grid construction and data point thinning based on layer information;
[0010] The data points of the grid at each level are fitted based on the spatial trend surface to obtain the stratigraphic level data;
[0011] The formation layer data and well data are visualized in three dimensions to obtain a three-dimensional formation model.
[0012] Furthermore, information about the geological layers encountered by the horizontal well is extracted, including:
[0013] Divide and identify the small layers encountered by horizontal wells;
[0014] Determine the stratigraphic layer number of the intersection point between the well trajectory and the stratigraphic layer based on the division and identification results;
[0015] The depth of the intersection point is determined based on the logging well depth, well inclination and azimuth data.
[0016] Furthermore, two adjacent layers are selected as key layers, and the portion between the key layers is interpolated in equal proportion to form a three-dimensional mesh volume;
[0017] The reservoir parameters corresponding to all well trajectory points between key layers are extracted and filled into the grid of the corresponding three-dimensional grid volume.
[0018] Furthermore, data point thinning includes:
[0019] When there are multiple well trajectory points in a grid of the three-dimensional grid body, the average value of the reservoir parameters of the multiple well trajectory points is taken as the data point of the grid.
[0020] Furthermore, the data points of the grids at each level are fitted based on the spatial trend surface to obtain stratigraphic level data, including:
[0021] Extract the depth points of the layers corresponding to the data points and the pilot wells, and calculate the geodetic coordinate range;
[0022] According to the grid step size, the geodetic coordinate range is gridded, and the data value of each grid is calculated through the interpolation algorithm to form the stratigraphic level data.
[0023] Furthermore, the interpolation algorithms include: simple triangulation, trend surface, minimum curvature, tension surface and radial basis function.
[0024] Furthermore, the formation data and well data are visualized in three dimensions, including:
[0025] The stratigraphic layer data and well data are displayed in three-dimensional space, and the line direction section, crossline direction section, arbitrary direction section, three-dimensional layer of the structural map and various attribute data bodies are displayed separately or jointly.
[0026] In a second aspect, the present disclosure discloses a three-dimensional formation modeling device based on a horizontal well, characterized by comprising:
[0027] An information extraction unit is used to extract information about the geological layers encountered by the horizontal well;
[0028] Grid construction unit, used to construct grids and perform data point thinning based on layer information;
[0029] The fitting unit is used to fit the data points of the grid at each level based on the spatial trend surface to obtain stratigraphic level data;
[0030] The three-dimensional visualization unit is used to perform three-dimensional visualization of stratigraphic data and well data.
[0031] In a third aspect, the present disclosure discloses an electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of the above-mentioned three-dimensional formation modeling method based on horizontal wells when executing the program.
[0032] In a fourth aspect, the present disclosure discloses a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the above-mentioned three-dimensional formation modeling method based on horizontal wells are implemented.
[0033] The technical effects and advantages of the present disclosure are as follows:
[0034] 1. This disclosure addresses the problem of low accuracy in stratigraphic modeling (micro-structures) due to the scarcity of vertical wells (appraisal wells and pilot wells) in current shale gas development. The disclosure innovates stratigraphic modeling technology using a large number of horizontal wells, enabling detailed characterization of shale gas stratigraphic layers and local structures. This provides a practical technology for shale gas development, enabling intuitive display of minute changes in the levels encountered by horizontal wells, and is an important part of the integrated geological and engineering research of shale gas horizontal wells. It is highly practical.
[0035] 2. The present invention can restore the real formation level changes with high precision, provide higher-precision micro-structures for shale gas development, construct a three-dimensional formation model close to the real formation, and provide more sophisticated technical means for correctly evaluating the micro-structural location of the horizontal well drilling section and for the evaluation of horizontal wells between platforms.
[0036] 3. The present disclosure can realize three-dimensional fine modeling of shale gas horizontal wells, provide high-precision local structural maps for shale gas development, and achieve the purpose of improving the drilling rate of shale gas gold targets, reducing costs and increasing efficiency.
[0037] Other features and advantages of the present disclosure will be described in the following description, and in part will become apparent from the description, or will be understood by practicing the present disclosure. The purposes and other advantages of the present disclosure can be realized and obtained by the structures indicated in the description, claims and drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0038] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a three-dimensional formation modeling method based on horizontal wells disclosed herein;
[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of geological sub-layer information extraction disclosed in the present invention;
[0040] Figure 3 A schematic diagram for constructing a three-dimensional mesh body of the present disclosure;
[0041] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of stratigraphic data disclosed herein;
[0042] Figure 5 This is a rendering of the three-dimensional formation modeling disclosed in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0043] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.
[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, the present disclosure provides a three-dimensional formation modeling method based on horizontal wells, comprising:
[0045] Extracting information about geological layers encountered by horizontal wells;
[0046] Grid construction and data point thinning based on layer information;
[0047] The data points of the grid at each level are fitted based on the spatial trend surface to obtain the stratigraphic level data;
[0048] The formation layer data and well data are visualized in three dimensions to obtain a three-dimensional formation model.
[0049] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the information of geological layers encountered by horizontal wells is extracted, including:
[0050] Divide and identify the small layers encountered by horizontal wells;
[0051] Determine the stratigraphic layer number of the intersection point between the well trajectory and the stratigraphic layer based on the division and identification results;
[0052] The depth of the intersection point is determined based on the logging well depth, well inclination and azimuth data.
[0053] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, considering that the target shale gas layer is relatively thin, the vertical segmentation is performed directly using the proportional interpolation method, that is, the depth values of the upper and lower layers at the same grid corner point are directly used and interpolated in a proportional manner. Figure 3 As shown, grid construction includes:
[0054] Select two adjacent layers as key layers, perform proportional interpolation on the portion between the key layers, and form a three-dimensional mesh;
[0055] Extract reservoir parameters corresponding to all well trajectory points between key layers and populate them into the corresponding 3D mesh volume. For each 3D mesh volume, if data already exists, retain that data. If no data exists, directly project the mesh attributes of other 3D mesh volumes onto the corresponding mesh volume of the current layer.
[0056] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, data point thinning includes:
[0057] When there are multiple well trajectory points in a grid of the three-dimensional grid body, the average value of the reservoir parameters of the multiple well trajectory points is taken as the data point of the grid.
[0058] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 4 As shown, the data points of the grid at each level are fitted based on the spatial trend surface to obtain stratigraphic level data, including:
[0059] Extract the depth points of the layers corresponding to the data points and the pilot wells, and calculate the geodetic coordinate range;
[0060] According to the grid step size, the geodetic coordinate range is gridded, and the data value of each grid is calculated through the interpolation algorithm to form the stratigraphic level data.
[0061] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, interpolation algorithms include: simple triangulation, trend surface, minimum curvature, tension surface and radial basis function. Among them, trend surface analysis is to use mathematical methods to calculate a mathematical surface to fit the "trend" of regional changes in the data. This mathematical surface is called a trend surface, which is mainly used to reflect the trend of data changes. Trend surface fitting requires more data points. If only vertical wells are used, the number of well points is small and cannot meet the algorithm requirements. Therefore, conventional three-dimensional modeling will be limited. By fitting data points at different levels based on spatial trend surfaces, stratigraphic level data that tends to be realistic can eventually be obtained.
[0062] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 5 As shown, the formation level data and well data are visualized in three dimensions, including:
[0063] Stratigraphic layer data and well data are displayed in 3D space, with line, crossline, and arbitrary directional sections, structural layers, and various attribute data volumes displayed individually or in combination. Combined with plan and section displays, geological targets are more intuitive and detailed comparisons are refined, enabling fast and intuitive analysis of spatial layer changes.
[0064] In a second aspect, the present disclosure discloses a three-dimensional formation modeling device based on a horizontal well, comprising:
[0065] An information extraction unit is used to extract information about the geological layers encountered by the horizontal well;
[0066] Grid construction unit, used to construct grids and perform data point thinning based on layer information;
[0067] The fitting unit is used to fit the data points of the grid at each level based on the spatial trend surface to obtain stratigraphic level data;
[0068] The three-dimensional visualization unit is used to perform three-dimensional visualization of the stratigraphic layer data and well data to obtain a three-dimensional stratigraphic model.
[0069] In a third aspect, the present disclosure discloses an electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of the above-mentioned three-dimensional formation modeling method based on horizontal wells when executing the program.
[0070] In a fourth aspect, the present disclosure discloses a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the above-mentioned three-dimensional formation modeling method based on horizontal wells are implemented.
[0071] In summary, the present disclosure addresses the problem of few vertical wells (evaluation wells and pilot wells) in current shale gas development and the low accuracy of stratigraphic modeling (micro-structures) using existing geological modeling technology. It innovates the technology of stratigraphic modeling using a large number of horizontal wells, realizes the fine characterization of shale gas stratigraphic formations and local structures, provides a practical technology for shale gas development, and realizes the intuitive display of tiny changes in the levels encountered by horizontal wells. It is an important part of the integrated research on geology and engineering of shale gas horizontal wells and has strong practicality.
[0072] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure and is not intended to limit the present disclosure. Although the present disclosure has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present disclosure should be included in the scope of protection of the present disclosure.
Claims
1. A three-dimensional formation modeling method based on horizontal wells, characterized in that: include: Extracting information about geological layers encountered by horizontal wells; Grid construction and data point thinning based on the layer information; Fitting the data points of the grid at each level based on the spatial trend surface to obtain stratigraphic level data; The stratum layer data and well data are three-dimensionally visualized to obtain a three-dimensional stratum model.
2. A three-dimensional formation modeling method based on horizontal wells according to claim 1, characterized in that: The extraction of geological layer information encountered by the horizontal well includes: Divide and identify the small layers encountered by horizontal wells; Determining the stratigraphic layer number of the intersection point between the well trajectory and the stratigraphic layer based on the division and identification results; The depth of the intersecting point is determined based on the well logging data of well depth, well inclination and azimuth.
3. The method for three-dimensional formation modeling based on horizontal wells according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grid construction includes: Select two adjacent layers as key layers, and perform proportional interpolation on the portion between the key layers to form a three-dimensional mesh; Reservoir parameters corresponding to all well trajectory points between the key layers are extracted and filled into the corresponding grids of the three-dimensional grid volume.
4. The method for three-dimensional formation modeling based on horizontal wells according to claim 3, characterized in that: The data point thinning includes: When there are multiple well trajectory points in a grid of the three-dimensional grid body, an average value of the reservoir parameters of the multiple well trajectory points is taken as the data point of the grid.
5. The method for three-dimensional formation modeling based on horizontal wells according to claim 4, characterized in that: The data points of the grid at each level are fitted based on the spatial trend surface to obtain stratigraphic level data, including: Extracting the layer depth points corresponding to the data points and the pilot well, and calculating the geodetic coordinate range; The geodetic coordinate range is gridded according to the grid step size, and the data value of each grid is calculated by an interpolation algorithm to form stratigraphic layer data.
6. A three-dimensional formation modeling method based on horizontal wells according to claim 5, characterized in that: The interpolation algorithms include: simple triangulation method, trend surface, minimum curvature, tension surface and radial basis function.
7. The method for three-dimensional formation modeling based on horizontal wells according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-dimensional visualization of the stratigraphic data and the well data includes: The stratigraphic layer data and well data are displayed in three-dimensional space, and line direction sections, crossline direction sections, arbitrary direction sections, three-dimensional layers of structural maps and various attribute data bodies are displayed separately or jointly.
8. A three-dimensional formation modeling device based on horizontal wells, characterized in that: include: An information extraction unit is used to extract information about the geological layers encountered by the horizontal well; A grid construction unit, configured to construct a grid and perform data point thinning based on the layer information; A fitting unit, configured to fit the data points of the grid at each level based on a spatial trend surface to obtain stratigraphic level data; The three-dimensional visualization unit is used to perform three-dimensional visualization of the stratigraphic data and well data.
9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein: When the processor executes the program, the steps of a three-dimensional formation modeling method based on horizontal wells as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.
10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of a three-dimensional formation modeling method based on horizontal wells as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.