Safety belt dynamic adjustment method based on distributed fiber sensing

Abstract

The application discloses a safety belt dynamic adjustment method based on distributed optical fiber sensing and relates to the technical field of vehicle safety, which comprises the following steps: deploying a distributed optical fiber sensor array to collect optical signal phase change data in the length direction of the safety belt and pre-process the data to obtain pre-processed safety belt strain distribution data; identifying a collision event based on the calculation of the standard deviation and the spatial gradient of the pre-processed safety belt strain distribution data and determining a dynamic adjustment mode of the safety belt; driving a motor to perform adjustment operations in a response period according to the dynamic adjustment mode and calculating a safety belt displacement error; and triggering dynamic adjustment mode switching according to the safety belt displacement error. The application can quickly distinguish collision events, dynamically match the passenger restraint intensity and the collision situation, guarantee the physiological safety of passengers and realize the accurate restraint of the safety belt.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vehicle safety technology, and in particular to a method for dynamic adjustment of seat belts based on distributed optical fiber sensing. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous evolution of vehicle active safety technologies, seat belts, as a crucial component of occupant restraint systems, have seen their performance optimization and intelligent upgrades become a research hotspot. Traditional passive seat belts restrain occupant displacement through mechanical force-limiting devices and pretensioners, but primarily rely on acceleration sensors or vehicle collision pulse signals to trigger pretensioning. This pretensioning strategy, based on vehicle acceleration or airbag control module (ACM) output signals, only implements restraint after a collision, and the pretensioning force has a low coupling degree with the specific collision load pattern, making it difficult to adaptively adjust for different collision directions and occupant body shapes. With the mature application of fiber optic sensing technology in structural health monitoring, medical diagnosis, and intelligent manufacturing, distributed fiber optic sensors, due to their high spatial resolution and multi-point online real-time monitoring advantages, are beginning to be introduced into automotive safety systems. Some studies have attempted to use fiber optic strain measurement for vibration and deformation monitoring of vehicle body structures and seat frames, but its application to seat belt strain distribution is still in the early exploratory stage. Meanwhile, traditional pretensioning devices are mostly single-stage or fixed-stage responses, and can only provide approximate bandwidth and torque control. They lack fine perception of the strain field along the belt surface and the ability to adjust based on perception feedback loops, resulting in problems such as lag, over-adjustment, or under-adjustment in the dynamic constraint process.

[0003] In existing technologies, while active seatbelt systems can trigger pretensioning or force limiting based on collision events, their sensing and execution are often separate. They cannot acquire real-time strain gradient information in different areas of the seatbelt, such as the shoulder and waist, and lack control algorithms that directly correlate strain distribution characteristics with adjustment modes. Furthermore, single-point strain sensors or pressure sensors are easily affected by installation location and differences in occupant body size, resulting in significant blind spots. Similarly, gas-driven pretensioners are limited in response speed and adjustment levels, making it difficult to meet the millisecond-level multi-level fine-tuning requirements. This leads to an inability to precisely match the restraint force of the seatbelt on occupant displacement under different collision directions and complex in-vehicle conditions, posing a risk of being too loose or too tight, and failing to simultaneously meet the dual requirements of structural safety and occupant physiological safety. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in existing seat belt dynamic adjustment methods based on distributed optical fiber sensing, this invention is proposed. Therefore, the problem to be solved by this invention is how to provide a seat belt dynamic adjustment method based on distributed optical fiber sensing.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for dynamic adjustment of seat belts based on distributed optical fiber sensing, which includes deploying a distributed optical fiber sensor array to collect optical signal phase change data along the length direction of the seat belt and preprocessing it to obtain preprocessed seat belt strain distribution data.

[0007] Based on the calculated standard deviation and spatial gradient of the preprocessed seat belt strain distribution data, collision events are identified, and the dynamic adjustment mode of the seat belt is determined.

[0008] According to the dynamic adjustment mode, the drive motor performs adjustment operations within the response cycle and calculates the seat belt displacement error, and triggers the dynamic adjustment mode switching based on the seat belt displacement error.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the seat belt dynamic adjustment method based on distributed optical fiber sensing described in this invention, the preprocessing includes demodulating and sliding window filtering the acquired optical signal phase change data to convert the optical signal phase change data into seat belt strain distribution data.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the seatbelt dynamic adjustment method based on distributed optical fiber sensing described in this invention, the calculation of the standard deviation and spatial gradient of the preprocessed seatbelt strain distribution data to identify collision events includes:

[0011] Perform strain standard deviation calculation, calculate the strain standard deviation along the length of the seat belt, and express it as:

[0012] ;

[0013] in, For strain standard deviation, For average strain; For the first The strain value corresponding to sensor number 1 This represents the total number of sensors;

[0014] Obtain the collision trigger threshold. If the standard deviation of strain is greater than the collision trigger threshold, a collision event is determined to exist, and the collision type identification process begins; otherwise, monitoring continues.

[0015] Obtain the coordinates of the corresponding sensors and calculate the distance between adjacent sensors using the following formula:

[0016] ;

[0017] in, The distance between adjacent sensors. For sensors +1 corresponds to the coordinate; For sensors Corresponding coordinates;

[0018] The discrete spatial gradient of strain is calculated and expressed as:

[0019] ;

[0020] in, For the first Sensor No. and No. Discrete spatial gradient between sensor +1 For the first The strain value corresponding to sensor number +1;

[0021] Divide the area into shoulder and waist regions, and define the coordinate interval corresponding to the shoulder region. The coordinate range corresponding to the waist region ;

[0022] Extract the gradient peak values ​​of the divided regions and trigger collision events based on the gradient threshold.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment of the seatbelt dynamic adjustment method based on distributed optical fiber sensing described in this invention, the step of triggering the collision event based on a gradient threshold includes:

[0024] Extract the gradient peak values ​​of the segmented regions to obtain the maximum strain gradient of the shoulder and the maximum strain gradient of the waist; obtain the gradient trigger threshold of the shoulder and the gradient trigger threshold of the waist.

[0025] If, at the moment a collision event is triggered, the maximum strain gradient of the shoulder is greater than the shoulder gradient trigger threshold, then it is determined to be a frontal collision, and the first dynamic adjustment mode is activated.

[0026] If the maximum strain gradient at the waist is greater than the waist gradient trigger threshold, it is determined to be a side collision, and the second dynamic adjustment mode is activated.

[0027] If the maximum strain gradient at the shoulder does not exceed the shoulder gradient trigger threshold and the maximum strain gradient at the waist does not exceed the waist gradient trigger threshold, then the original state is maintained and no dynamic adjustment of the seat belt is performed.

[0028] As a preferred embodiment of the seatbelt dynamic adjustment method based on distributed optical fiber sensing described in this invention, the step of driving the motor to perform adjustment operations according to the dynamic adjustment mode within the response period includes:

[0029] Obtain the real-time regional gradient peak, the initial buckle displacement and the maximum allowable displacement of the seat belt, and set the response period; calculate the shoulder gradient error and the waist gradient error, expressed as:

[0030] ;

[0031] ;

[0032] in, For shoulder gradient error, For the waist gradient error, For the shoulder area The maximum strain gradient at time t; Waist area The maximum strain gradient at time t; The shoulder gradient trigger threshold, The threshold for gradient triggering at the waist;

[0033] The intrathoracic pressure attenuation coefficient is calculated and expressed as:

[0034] ;

[0035] in, This is the intrathoracic pressure attenuation coefficient. Real-time pressure in the occupant's chest cavity; To withstand the maximum pressure; It is a pressure-responsive index;

[0036] The single-step displacement increment under different dynamic adjustment modes is obtained based on the shoulder gradient error, waist gradient error, and thoracic pressure attenuation coefficient.

[0037] As a preferred embodiment of the seatbelt dynamic adjustment method based on distributed optical fiber sensing described in this invention, the calculation of seatbelt displacement error includes:

[0038] The target displacement of the seat belt is calculated based on the dynamic adjustment mode, and the target displacement of the seat belt is expressed as:

[0039] ;

[0040] in, For the target displacement of the seat belt, This represents the actual displacement after the previous iteration. This represents the initial buckle displacement of the seatbelt. This represents the single-step displacement increment for the first dynamic adjustment mode. This represents the single-step displacement increment for the second dynamic adjustment mode. This is the first dynamic adjustment mode. This is the second dynamic adjustment mode;

[0041] Within the response period, a bidirectional linear motor is driven to move towards the target displacement of the seat belt at a constant speed or a preset acceleration curve. The real-time displacement of the seat belt is acquired by a sensor, and the displacement error is calculated and expressed as:

[0042] ;

[0043] in, For displacement error, For the first Level actual response displacement.

[0044] As a preferred embodiment of the seatbelt dynamic adjustment method based on distributed optical fiber sensing described in this invention, the step of triggering dynamic adjustment mode switching based on seatbelt displacement error includes:

[0045] If the absolute value of the displacement error Displacement convergence tolerance If the actual response displacement of the seat belt exceeds the maximum allowable travel, the drive will be stopped immediately and the hydraulic buffer will be triggered.

[0046] If the dynamic adjustment mode is the first dynamic adjustment mode and the occupant's real-time chest pressure exceeds the chest pressure safety threshold, the tightening is immediately interrupted, and the second dynamic adjustment mode is switched to. After the adjustment is completed, the cycle is exited.

[0047] If the absolute value of the displacement error > Displacement convergence tolerance Update for Then proceed to the next level of the loop.

[0048] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a computer device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of a seat belt dynamic adjustment method based on distributed optical fiber sensing.

[0049] Thirdly, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of a seatbelt dynamic adjustment method based on distributed optical fiber sensing.

[0050] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This method achieves high spatiotemporal resolution measurement of strain at various positions of the seat belt; it can accurately acquire the strain distribution characteristics of the belt surface, improve sensing accuracy, and eliminate blind spots and noise interference in single-point measurements. It enables rapid differentiation of collision events; it can improve discrimination sensitivity, shorten response delay, and enhance system robustness. Based on different adjustment modes, it performs multi-level tightening or loosening operations and calculates the seat belt displacement error in real time to trigger mode switching, dynamically matching the occupant restraint force with the collision situation, ensuring occupant physiological safety, and achieving precise seat belt restraint. Attached Figure Description

[0051] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0052] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the seat belt dynamic adjustment method based on distributed optical fiber sensing according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0053] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more readily understood, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0054] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0055] Secondly, the term "an embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in different places throughout this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a single embodiment or an embodiment selectively excluded from other embodiments.

[0056] Reference Figure 1 This embodiment provides a method for dynamic adjustment of seat belts based on distributed optical fiber sensing, including:

[0057] S1: Deploy a distributed fiber optic sensor array to collect optical signal phase change data along the length of the seat belt and perform preprocessing to obtain preprocessed seat belt strain distribution data;

[0058] Specifically, a distributed fiber optic sensor array is deployed at equal intervals along the length of the seatbelt. The phase change of the optical signal from each sensor is collected in real time. A demodulation algorithm is used to convert the phase change into strain values ​​at various locations on the seatbelt, generating a seatbelt strain distribution dataset. This strain distribution dataset is then subjected to sliding window filtering to eliminate high-frequency noise interference, resulting in preprocessed strain distribution data.

[0059] A coherent laser source and a two-arm interferometer were selected. The measuring fiber was laid in segments along the length of the safety belt and coherently detected with the reference arm in the interferometer to determine the pulse width and repetition frequency to meet the required spatial resolution and update rate.

[0060] At the receiving end, the in-phase and quadrature components after interference are acquired separately using a photodetector. The values ​​of the in-phase and quadrature components are then acquired in real time using an FPGA or high-speed sampling card according to the pulse triggering sequence.

[0061] The instantaneous phase is calculated using the atan2 function for the acquired in-phase and quadrature component data, and a phase expansion algorithm is applied to the phase sequence to obtain a continuous phase curve.

[0062] In the initial state without external loading, the baseline phase of each spatial point is recorded, and the phase increment is obtained by subtracting the baseline phase from the real-time phase.

[0063] Based on the theory or experimental calibration of fiber photoelasticity, the conversion constant is calculated or measured, the phase increment is mapped to the strain value per unit length, and resampling is performed at a set spatial interval.

[0064] The strain values ​​at each sampling point are output as a one-dimensional spatiotemporal matrix or discrete curve to obtain a strain distribution dataset. The strain distribution dataset is then subjected to sliding window filtering to eliminate high-frequency noise interference, resulting in preprocessed strain distribution data.

[0065] S2: Based on the calculated standard deviation and spatial gradient of the preprocessed seat belt strain distribution data, collision events are identified, and the dynamic adjustment mode of the seat belt is determined.

[0066] Specifically, preliminary identification of collision events is performed, assuming a time... The distributed fiber optic sensor collected preprocessed strain values ​​at N locations, denoted as:

[0067] ;

[0068] in, For the first The strain value corresponding to sensor number 1 This represents the total number of sensors.

[0069] Perform strain standard deviation calculation, calculate the strain standard deviation along the length of the seat belt at this moment, and express it as:

[0070] ;

[0071] in, For strain standard deviation, For average strain;

[0072] Let the pre-calibrated collision trigger threshold be... When the strain standard deviation is greater than the collision trigger threshold, a collision event is determined to exist, and the collision type identification process begins; otherwise, monitoring continues.

[0073] To identify collision types and distinguish between frontal and side collisions, it is necessary to quantify the spatial gradient characteristics of strain distribution in the shoulder and waist regions.

[0074] The length direction coordinate of the seat belt is denoted as the z-axis, starting from the top of the head, with a value range of [0, L], where L is the total length of the seat belt;

[0075] sensor Corresponding coordinates The formula for calculating the spacing between adjacent sensors in an equally spaced layout is:

[0076] ;

[0077] in, The distance between adjacent sensors. For sensors +1 corresponds to the coordinate;

[0078] Define the discrete spatial gradient of strain:

[0079] ;

[0080] in, For the first Sensor No. and No. Discrete spatial gradient between sensor +1 For the first The strain value corresponding to sensor number +1;

[0081] Divide the area into shoulder and waist regions, and define the coordinate interval corresponding to the shoulder region. The coordinate range corresponding to the waist region .

[0082] Extract the gradient peaks of the segmented regions to obtain the maximum strain gradient of the shoulder. and the maximum strain gradient at the waist .

[0083] Collision events are determined based on gradient triggering thresholds; the shoulder gradient triggering threshold is obtained as follows. The gradient trigger threshold for the waist is .

[0084] If at the moment when the collision event is triggered If the maximum strain gradient of the shoulder is greater than the shoulder gradient trigger threshold, it is determined to be a frontal collision and the first dynamic adjustment mode is activated.

[0085] If the maximum strain gradient at the waist is greater than the waist gradient trigger threshold, it is determined to be a side collision, and the second dynamic adjustment mode is activated.

[0086] If neither of these conditions exceeds the trigger threshold, the original state is maintained, and no dynamic adjustment of the seat belt is performed.

[0087] S3: According to the dynamic adjustment mode, the drive motor performs multi-level tightening or loosening operations within the response cycle. When there is chest overpressure or the buckle travel limit, it triggers reverse loosening or hydraulic buffering to realize the dynamic adjustment of the seat belt based on distributed optical fiber sensing.

[0088] Specifically, based on the determined adjustment mode, the bidirectional linear motor is driven to perform dynamic adjustment:

[0089] The collision type identification result provides a dynamic adjustment mode identifier, represented as:

[0090] ;

[0091] in, It is a dynamic adjustment mode. This is the first dynamic adjustment mode. This is the second dynamic adjustment mode;

[0092] Obtain the real-time regional gradient peak, the initial buckle displacement and the maximum allowable displacement of the seat belt, and set the response period;

[0093] The shoulder gradient error and waist gradient error are calculated and expressed as follows:

[0094] ;

[0095] ;

[0096] in, For shoulder gradient error, For the waist gradient error, For the shoulder area The maximum strain gradient at time t; Waist area The maximum strain gradient at time t.

[0097] The intrathoracic pressure attenuation coefficient is calculated and expressed as:

[0098] ;

[0099] in, This is the intrathoracic pressure attenuation coefficient. Real-time pressure in the occupant's chest cavity; To withstand the maximum pressure; It is a pressure-response index used to adjust the rate at which the pressure level decays with the adjustment step.

[0100] For different dynamic adjustment modes, the same PID control structure is used, and then multiplied by the pressure decay coefficient and saturation suppression function, which is expressed as:

[0101] ;

[0102] ;

[0103] in, and For unsaturated PID output, , and These are proportional, integral, and differential gains, respectively. For the response period.

[0104] To prevent excessively large single operations, a two-sided saturation mapping function is introduced to map the single-step control quantity, expressed as:

[0105] ;

[0106] in, It is a two-sided saturation mapping function. This represents the maximum tightening amount per step. This represents the maximum relaxation amount in a single step.

[0107] The final step size is calculated to obtain the single-step displacement increment under different dynamic adjustment modes, which is expressed as:

[0108] ;

[0109] ;

[0110] in, This represents the single-step displacement increment for the first dynamic adjustment mode. This represents the single-step displacement increment for the second dynamic adjustment mode.

[0111] The number of grading steps K is set according to the system bandwidth and the expected total travel. The number of grading steps is the maximum number of iterations allowed in the response to a single collision event.

[0112] For each level (1≤ ≤K) Perform the following steps:

[0113] The target displacement of the seat belt is calculated based on the dynamic adjustment mode, and the target displacement of the seat belt is expressed as:

[0114] ;

[0115] in, For the target displacement of the seat belt, This represents the actual displacement after the previous iteration. This represents the initial buckle displacement of the seatbelt. This is the first dynamic adjustment mode. This is the second dynamic adjustment mode; This represents the single-step displacement increment for the first dynamic adjustment mode. This represents the single-step displacement increment for the second dynamic adjustment mode.

[0116] In response cycle Inside, a bidirectional linear motor is driven towards a constant speed or a preset acceleration curve. Directional movement is measured by real-time displacement of the seatbelt using sensors, and the displacement error is calculated and expressed as:

[0117] ;

[0118] in, For displacement error, For the first Level actual response displacement;

[0119] If displacement error Displacement convergence tolerance If the actual response displacement of the seat belt exceeds the maximum allowable travel, the drive is immediately stopped and the hydraulic buffer is triggered. If the dynamic adjustment mode is the first dynamic adjustment mode and the occupant's real-time chest pressure exceeds the chest pressure safety threshold, the tightening is immediately interrupted, and the system switches to the second dynamic adjustment mode. After the adjustment is completed, the cycle exits. If the displacement error... > Displacement convergence tolerance Update for Then proceed to the next level of the loop.

[0120] This embodiment also provides a computer device applicable to the dynamic adjustment method of seat belts based on distributed optical fiber sensing, comprising: a memory and a processor; the memory is used to store computer-executable instructions, and the processor is used to execute the computer-executable instructions to implement all or part of the steps of the method described in the above embodiments of the present invention.

[0121] This embodiment also provides a storage medium on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it performs the method in any optional implementation of the above embodiments. The storage medium can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), Programmable Red-Only Memory (PROM), Read-Only Memory (ROM), magnetic storage, flash memory, magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0122] The storage medium proposed in this embodiment and the data storage method proposed in the above embodiments belong to the same inventive concept. Technical details not described in detail in this embodiment can be found in the above embodiments, and this embodiment has the same beneficial effects as the above embodiments.

[0123] In summary, this method achieves high spatiotemporal resolution measurement of strain at various locations on the seatbelt; it can accurately acquire the strain distribution characteristics of the seatbelt surface, improve sensing accuracy, and eliminate blind spots and noise interference in single-point measurements. It enables rapid differentiation of collision events, improves discrimination sensitivity, shortens response delay, and enhances system robustness.

[0124] It performs multi-level tightening or loosening operations according to different adjustment modes, and calculates the seat belt displacement error in real time to trigger mode switching. It can dynamically match the occupant restraint force with the collision situation, ensure the physiological safety of the occupant, and achieve precise restraint of the seat belt.

[0125] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A seat belt dynamic adjustment method based on distributed fiber optic sensing, characterized in that: The application relates to a safety belt dynamic adjustment method and device. The method comprises the following steps: The method comprises the following steps: The method comprises the following steps: The method comprises the following steps: wherein, is the standard deviation of strain, is the average strain; is the strain value corresponding to the i-th sensor, is the total number of sensors; The method comprises the following steps: The method comprises the following steps: wherein, is the adjacent sensor spacing, is the corresponding coordinate for sensor i+1; is the corresponding coordinate for sensor i; The method comprises the following steps: wherein, is a discrete spatial gradient between the i-th sensor and the i+1-th sensor, is a strain value corresponding to the i+1-th sensor; The shoulder region and the waist region are divided, and the shoulder region corresponds to a coordinate interval ; the waist region corresponds to a coordinate interval ; The method comprises the following steps: The method comprises the following steps:

2. The distributed fiber optic sensing based seat belt dynamic adjustment method of claim 1, wherein: The method comprises the following steps:

3. The distributed fiber optic sensing based seat belt dynamic adjustment method of claim 2, wherein: The method comprises the following steps: The method comprises the following steps: The method comprises the following steps: The method comprises the following steps: The method comprises the following steps:

4. The distributed fiber optic sensing based seat belt dynamic adjustment method of claim 3, wherein: The method comprises the following steps: The method comprises the following steps: wherein, is the shoulder gradient error, is the lumbar gradient error, is the maximum strain gradient at time t in the shoulder region; is the maximum strain gradient at time t in the lumbar region; is the shoulder gradient trigger threshold, is the lumbar gradient trigger threshold; The method comprises the following steps: wherein, is the thoracic pressure decay coefficient, is the occupant thoracic real-time pressure; is the maximum pressure that can be sustained; is the pressure response type index; The method comprises the following steps:

5. The distributed fiber optic sensing based seat belt dynamic adjustment method of claim 4, wherein: The method comprises the following steps: The method comprises the following steps: wherein, is a seat belt target displacement, is an actual displacement after the previous iteration, is an initial latch displacement of the seat belt, is a single step displacement increment for a first dynamic adjustment mode, is a single step displacement increment for a second dynamic adjustment mode; is the first dynamic adjustment mode, is the second dynamic adjustment mode; The method comprises the following steps: wherein, is the displacement error, is the actual response displacement of the nth stage.

6. 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8. A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, characterized in that: The computer program is executed by the processor to implement the steps of the safety belt dynamic adjustment method based on distributed optical fiber sensing according to any one of claims 1-6.

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