Dam centrifugal test model library water level controllable adjusting device and method

Abstract

The invention provides a dam centrifugal test model library water level controllable adjusting device and method, and relates to the technical field of rock-soil centrifugal model tests.The dam centrifugal test model library water level controllable adjusting device comprises a model box, a covering layer dam model is arranged at one end in the model box, and an occupying box is arranged at the end, away from the covering layer dam model, in the model box; a guide positioning mechanism is fixedly mounted at the bottom end of the model box, and vibration generated when the hydraulic actuator is frequently lifted or descended can be conducted to an elastic connecting mechanism by starting the hydraulic actuator; at the moment, supporting of a first-stage supporting platform in the elastic connecting mechanism is matched with a second-stage buffering platform, a second buffering spring, elastic damping of a movable connecting rod and a third-stage working platform are matched with fine adjustment of a precise guide rail pair, high-frequency vibration transmitted by the hydraulic actuator under the high g value is remarkably restrained, water level fluctuation distortion is avoided, and the reliability of test data is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rock and soil centrifuge model testing, in particular to a device and method for controlling the water level of a dam centrifuge test model reservoir. Background Art

[0002] In the field of water conservancy, the safe and stable operation of concrete-faced rockfill dams is closely related to reservoir water level fluctuations. Dam deformation occurs primarily in three stages: filling, centralized water storage, and stable operation. The cyclical rise and fall of the reservoir water level during the stable operation stage generates water cyclic loads. This low-frequency cyclic load can exacerbate the debonding of the concrete face, especially when the dam foundation is covered by a deep overburden layer. It can also severely impact the service life of key anti-seepage structures such as the cutoff wall and toe plate, threatening the safety of the dam.

[0003] The existing technology uses a single hydraulic actuator to directly drive the water tank to rise and fall. In an ultra-high gravity field environment, this structure has the problem of insufficient stability. In particular, it is prone to vibration when performing high-frequency water level changes, which reduces the reliability of the data. Therefore, we have made improvements to this and proposed a controllable water level adjustment device and method for a dam centrifuge test model reservoir. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a device and method for controllable water level regulation in a dam centrifugal test model reservoir, which solves the problem of using a single hydraulic actuator in the existing technology to directly drive the water tank to rise and fall. In an ultra-high gravity field environment, this structure has insufficient stability, especially when performing high-frequency water level changes, it is easy to generate vibration, which reduces the reliability of the data.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a device and method for controllable water level regulation of a dam centrifuge test model reservoir, comprising a model box, an inner end of the model box is provided with an overburden dam model, an inner end of the model box away from the overburden dam model is provided with a placeholder box, a guide positioning mechanism is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the model box, a hydraulic actuator is fixedly installed at both ends of the guide positioning mechanism, an output end of the hydraulic actuator is connected to a water tank through an elastic connection mechanism, the water tank is connected to the placeholder box through a water pipe, and a plurality of multi-stage water level regulating valves are provided on the water pipe.

[0006] Preferably, the guiding and positioning mechanism includes a limiting platform and a base;

[0007] Both ends of the limiting platform and the base are fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the hydraulic actuator.

[0008] Preferably, two auxiliary sliding rods are provided in a linear array in the center of the limit platform and the base, a main sliding rod is fixedly installed between the two auxiliary sliding rods, and an elliptical limit platform is fixedly installed on one end of the auxiliary sliding rod and the main sliding rod away from the limit platform and the base.

[0009] Preferably, a rubber shock-absorbing layer is provided on the outer surface of one end of the main slide rod close to the elliptical limit platform, and a spring is fixedly installed on one side surface of the elliptical limit platform and the limit platform, and is movably sleeved on the outer surface of the main slide rod.

[0010] Preferably, a C-shaped movable platform is movably mounted on the outer surfaces of the auxiliary sliding rod and the main sliding rod, and both ends of the C-shaped movable platform are connected with an elastic connection mechanism.

[0011] Preferably, the elastic connection mechanism includes a primary support platform;

[0012] The center of one side of the first-level support platform is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the hydraulic actuator, and the outer surface of the first-level support platform is connected to the C-shaped movable platform.

[0013] Preferably, a plurality of movable connecting rods are arranged in a circular array at the center of the side of the first-level support platform away from the hydraulic actuator, a plurality of second buffer springs are arranged in a circular array at the side of the first-level support platform away from the hydraulic actuator, and a secondary buffer platform is fixedly installed at one end of the movable connecting rods and the second buffer springs away from the first-level support platform.

[0014] Preferably, the side of the secondary buffer platform away from the movable connecting rod and the second buffer spring is connected to a third-level working platform through a precision guide rail pair, and the side of the third-level working platform away from the precision guide rail pair is connected to a water tank through a spherical hinge end.

[0015] Preferably, a plurality of horizontal baffles are vertically arranged inside the water tank, a plurality of through slots are opened inside the plurality of horizontal baffles, and the through slots opened inside each layer of the horizontal baffles are staggered, and two rectangular limit rods are fixedly installed on one side of the outer surface of the model box, and a water level monitoring camera is set at the center of one side of each rectangular limit rod close to the model box, and the water level monitoring camera is installed directly above the placeholder box.

[0016] A method for controlling the water level of a centrifugal test model reservoir of a dam, characterized by comprising the following operating steps:

[0017] By starting the hydraulic actuator, the vibration generated by the frequent lifting or lowering of the hydraulic actuator will be transmitted to the elastic connection mechanism. At this time, the support of the first-level support platform in the elastic connection mechanism is combined with the second-level buffer platform, the second buffer spring and the elastic damping of the movable connecting rod, and the fine adjustment of the third-level working platform and the precision guide rail pair. This significantly suppresses the high-frequency vibration transmitted by the hydraulic actuator under high g-force, avoids distortion of water level fluctuations, improves the reliability of test data, and can absorb and alleviate the impact force generated by the water tank during rapid movement, reducing wear on the hydraulic actuator and the entire system.

[0018] During frequent lifting or lowering, the C-shaped movable platform in the guide positioning mechanism is connected to the primary support platform and will also move up and down together. During the movement, the C-shaped movable platform is movably mounted on the auxiliary slide bar and the main slide bar. At this time, the auxiliary slide bar and the main slide bar can prevent the lifting of the water tank from changing the center of mass position of the entire system. The rubber shock-absorbing layer set on the main slide bar and the springs installed at both ends can reduce vibration, significantly suppressing the high-frequency vibration transmitted by the hydraulic actuator under high g-values, avoiding water level fluctuation distortion, improving the reliability of test data, and avoiding equipment overshoot.

[0019] The water supply pipes are equipped with several multi-stage water level regulating valves, each with a different opening size. Different valves can be manually rotated to open to achieve precise control of the water flow rate and improve the reliability of the test data.

[0020] The overburden dam model, constructed from materials such as soil, stone, and concrete, is housed within a model box. The upstream side of the overburden dam model houses the reservoir area, where a staking box is installed. This staking box consists of a horizontal bottom plate, three vertical side plates, and one inclined side plate. The box is impermeable, but the bottom and inclined side plates are transparent. A water-level monitoring camera is installed inside the box to monitor the reservoir water level. The top surface of the staking box is bolted to fixed rods, which are in turn bolted to the model box. The inclined side plates are parallel to the upstream dam slope, with a narrow gap between them. The horizontal bottom plate is parallel to the top surface of the dam foundation, with a narrow gap between them. Under a hypergravity field of g to g, water can be injected into the gap to apply a water load to the dam body. This method significantly reduces the amount of water in the reservoir area, minimizing changes in the center of mass caused by changes in the reservoir water level, thereby reducing the unbalanced forces during centrifuge operation.

[0021] A water tank is provided on the outside of the model box. The box body consists of four vertical side panels and a bottom plate. A hydraulic actuator is installed at the lower part of the bottom plate. The shaft of the actuator is connected to the water tank through a flange. A water hole is provided on the side wall of the water tank close to the bottom plate. A water hole is also provided on the side wall of the model box, which is located between the bottom plate of the placeholder box and the covering layer dam model. The water holes on the side wall of the water tank and the model box are connected through a water pipe.

[0022] Before the test begins, the hydraulic actuator is retracted and a certain amount of water is injected into the water tank, bringing the water surface level with the bottom of the inclined slit reserved in the model box. After the centrifuge is started and the target centrifugal acceleration is reached, the hydraulic actuator's shaft is controlled to extend vertically. As the water tank rises, the water in the tank flows toward the reserved slit in the model box, gradually increasing the water level in the slit, thereby simulating the water storage process. When the reservoir water level reaches the target height, a water level drop can be simulated. The hydraulic actuator is controlled to retract vertically. As the water tank moves downward, the water in the reserved slit flows into the reservoir water tank, gradually decreasing the water level in the slit, thereby simulating the precipitation process. The rate of reservoir water level increase and decrease can be adjusted. In addition, by controlling the reciprocating motion of the hydraulic actuator, the cyclic rise and fall of the reservoir water level can be simulated.

[0023] The present invention provides a device and method for controlling the water level of a centrifugal test model reservoir in a dam. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] First, the hydraulic actuator is activated. The vibrations generated by the frequent lifting and lowering of the hydraulic actuator are transmitted to the elastic connection mechanism. The support of the first-stage support platform in the elastic connection mechanism, combined with the second-stage buffer platform, the second buffer spring, the elastic damping of the movable connecting rod, and the fine adjustment of the third-stage working platform and the precision guide rail pair, significantly suppress the high-frequency vibrations transmitted by the hydraulic actuator under high g-forces, avoid distortion of water level fluctuations, and improve the reliability of test data. At the same time, it can absorb and alleviate the impact force generated by the water tank during rapid movement, reducing wear on the hydraulic actuator and the entire system.

[0025] During frequent lifting or lowering, the C-shaped movable platform in the guide positioning mechanism is connected to the primary support platform and will also move up and down together. During the movement, the C-shaped movable platform is movably mounted on the auxiliary slide bar and the main slide bar. At this time, the auxiliary slide bar and the main slide bar can prevent the lifting of the water tank from changing the center of mass position of the entire system. The rubber shock-absorbing layer set on the main slide bar and the springs installed at both ends can reduce vibration, significantly suppressing the high-frequency vibration transmitted by the hydraulic actuator under high g-values, avoiding water level fluctuation distortion, improving the reliability of test data, and avoiding equipment overshoot.

[0026] The water supply pipes are equipped with several multi-stage water level regulating valves, each with a different opening size. Different valves can be manually rotated to open to achieve precise control of the water flow rate and improve the reliability of the test data. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the front side of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the back side of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of the front side of the multi-stage water level regulating valve of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the front side of the hydraulic actuator in the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the hydraulic actuator of the present invention from the side;

[0032] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the front side of the water storage tank in the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the side surface of the water storage tank in the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the cross section at AA.

[0035] In the figure, 1. model box; 2. cover layer dam model; 3. placeholder box; 4. water level monitoring camera; 5. water storage tank; 6. hydraulic actuator; 7. water pipe; 8. rectangular limit rod; 9. elastic connection mechanism; 901. three-level working platform; 902. second-level buffer platform; 903. first-level support platform; 904. spherical hinge end; 905. precision guide rail pair; 906. second buffer spring; 907. movable connecting rod; 10. guide and positioning mechanism; 1001. limit platform; 1002. attached slide bar; 1003. base; 1004. elliptical limit platform; 1005. spring; 1006. C-type movable platform; 1007. main slide bar; 1008. rubber shock-absorbing layer; 11. multi-stage water level regulating valve; 12. horizontal baffle; 13. through groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Example:

[0038] like Figure 1As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a device and method for controllable water level regulation of a dam centrifuge test model reservoir, comprising a model box 1, wherein an overburden dam model 2 is provided at one end of the interior of the model box 1, and a placeholder box 3 is provided at the end of the interior of the model box 1 away from the overburden dam model 2. A guide positioning mechanism 10 is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the model box 1, and a hydraulic actuator 6 is fixedly installed at both ends of the guide positioning mechanism 10. The output end of the hydraulic actuator 6 is connected to a water tank 5 through an elastic connection mechanism 9. The water tank 5 is connected to the placeholder box 3 through a water pipe 7, and a plurality of multi-stage water level regulating valves 11 are provided on the water pipe 7.

[0039] like Figure 2 As shown, the guiding and positioning mechanism 10 includes a limiting platform 1001 and a base 1003;

[0040] The two ends of the limit platform 1001 and the base 1003 are fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the hydraulic actuator 6. The center of the limit platform 1001 and the base 1003 is provided with two auxiliary sliding rods 1002 in a linear array, and a main sliding rod 1007 is fixedly mounted between the two auxiliary sliding rods 1002. An elliptical limit platform 1004 is fixedly mounted on the end of the auxiliary sliding rod 1002 and the main sliding rod 1007 away from the limit platform 1001 and the base 1003. A rubber shock-absorbing layer 1008 is provided on the outer surface of the end of the main sliding rod 1007 close to the elliptical limit platform 1004. A spring 1005 is fixedly mounted on one side surface of the elliptical limit platform 1004 and the limit platform 1001, and is movably sleeved on the outer surface of the main sliding rod 1007. A C-shaped movable platform 1006 is movably mounted on the outer surface of the auxiliary sliding rod 1002 and the main sliding rod 1007, and both ends of the C-shaped movable platform 1006 are connected to an elastic connection mechanism 9.

[0041] like Figures 4 and 5 As shown, the elastic connection mechanism 9 includes a primary support platform 903;

[0042] The center of one side of the first-level support platform 903 is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the hydraulic actuator 6, and the outer surface of the first-level support platform 903 is connected to the C-shaped movable platform 1006. A plurality of movable connecting rods 907 are arranged in a circular array on the center of the side of the first-level support platform 903 away from the hydraulic actuator 6, and a plurality of second buffer springs 906 are arranged in a circular array on the side of the first-level support platform 903 away from the hydraulic actuator 6. A secondary buffer platform 902 is fixedly mounted on one end of the movable connecting rod 907 and the second buffer spring 906 away from the first-level support platform 903. The side of the secondary buffer platform 902 away from the movable connecting rod 907 and the second buffer spring 906 is connected to the third-level working platform 901 through a precision guide rail pair 905, and the side of the third-level working platform 901 away from the precision guide rail pair 905 is connected to the water tank 5 through a spherical hinge end 904.

[0043] like Figure 3 、 Figures 6 to 8 As shown, several horizontal baffles 12 are vertically arranged inside the water tank 5, and several through grooves 13 are opened inside the several horizontal baffles 12, and the through grooves 13 opened inside each layer of the horizontal baffles 12 are staggered. Two rectangular limit rods 8 are fixedly installed on one side of the outer surface of the model box 1, and a water level monitoring camera 4 is set at the center of one side of each rectangular limit rod 8 close to the model box 1. The water level monitoring camera 4 is installed directly above the placeholder box 3.

[0044] A method for controlling the water level of a centrifugal test model reservoir of a dam, characterized by comprising the following operating steps:

[0045] By starting the hydraulic actuator 6, the vibration generated by the frequent lifting or lowering of the hydraulic actuator 6 will be transmitted to the elastic connection mechanism 9. At this time, the support of the first-level support platform 903 in the elastic connection mechanism 9, combined with the elastic damping of the second-level buffer platform 902, the second buffer spring 906 and the movable connecting rod 907, and the fine adjustment of the third-level working platform 901 and the precision guide rail pair 905, significantly suppress the high-frequency vibration transmitted by the hydraulic actuator under high g-force, avoid distortion of water level fluctuations, improve the reliability of test data, and at the same time absorb and alleviate the impact force generated by the water tank during rapid movement, reducing wear on the hydraulic actuator and the entire system;

[0046] During frequent lifting or lowering, the C-shaped movable platform 1006 in the guide positioning mechanism 10 is connected to the primary support platform 903 and will also move up and down together. During the movement, the C-shaped movable platform 1006 is movably mounted on the auxiliary slide bar 1002 and the main slide bar 1007. At this time, the auxiliary slide bar 1002 and the main slide bar 1007 can prevent the lifting of the water tank from changing the center of mass position of the entire system, and the rubber shock-absorbing layer 1008 provided on the main slide bar 1007 and the springs 1005 installed at both ends can reduce shock, significantly suppressing the high-frequency vibration transmitted by the hydraulic actuator under high g-values, avoiding distortion of water level fluctuations, improving the reliability of test data, and avoiding overshoot of the equipment.

[0047] The water pipe 7 is provided with several multi-stage water level regulating valves 11, each of which has a different opening size. Different valves can be manually rotated to open to achieve precise control of the water flow rate, thereby improving the reliability of the test data.

[0048] The present invention provides a device and method for controlling the water level of a centrifugal test model reservoir in a dam. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0049] First, the hydraulic actuator 6 is started. When the hydraulic actuator 6 is frequently raised or lowered, the vibration generated is transmitted to the elastic connection mechanism 9. At this time, the support of the first-level support platform 903 in the elastic connection mechanism 9 is combined with the elastic damping of the second-level buffer platform 902, the second buffer spring 906 and the movable connecting rod 907, and the fine adjustment of the third-level working platform 901 and the precision guide rail pair 905. This significantly suppresses the high-frequency vibration transmitted by the hydraulic actuator under high g-values, avoids distortion of water level fluctuations, improves the reliability of test data, and can absorb and alleviate the impact force generated by the water tank during rapid movement, reducing wear on the hydraulic actuator and the entire system.

[0050] During frequent lifting or lowering, the C-shaped movable platform 1006 in the guide positioning mechanism 10 is connected to the primary support platform 903 and will also move up and down together. During the movement, the C-shaped movable platform 1006 is movably mounted on the auxiliary slide bar 1002 and the main slide bar 1007. At this time, the auxiliary slide bar 1002 and the main slide bar 1007 can prevent the lifting of the water tank from changing the center of mass position of the entire system, and the rubber shock-absorbing layer 1008 provided on the main slide bar 1007 and the springs 1005 installed at both ends can reduce shock, significantly suppressing the high-frequency vibration transmitted by the hydraulic actuator under high g-values, avoiding distortion of water level fluctuations, improving the reliability of test data, and avoiding overshoot of the equipment.

[0051] The water pipe 7 is provided with several multi-stage water level regulating valves 11, each of which has a different opening size. Different valves can be manually rotated to open to achieve precise control of the water flow rate, thereby improving the reliability of the test data.

[0052] The overburden dam model 2, constructed from materials such as soil, stone, and concrete, is placed within a model box 1. The upstream side of the overburden dam model 2, which serves as the reservoir, is equipped with a placeholder box 3. This placeholder box 3 consists of a horizontal bottom plate, three vertical side plates, and one inclined side plate. The box is impermeable, with a transparent bottom plate and inclined side plates. A water-level monitoring camera 4 is installed inside the box to monitor the reservoir water level. The top surface of the placeholder box is bolted to a fixed rod, which in turn is bolted to the model box. The inclined side plates are parallel to the upstream dam slope, with a narrow gap between them. The horizontal bottom plate is parallel to the top surface of the dam foundation, with a narrow gap between them. Under a hypergravity field of 100 to 200 g, water can be injected into the gap to apply a water load to the dam body. This method significantly reduces the amount of water in the reservoir, minimizing changes in the center of mass caused by changes in the reservoir water level, thereby reducing the unbalanced forces during centrifuge operation.

[0053] A water tank 5 is provided on the outside of the model box. The box body consists of four vertical side panels and a bottom plate. A hydraulic actuator 6 is installed at the lower part of the bottom plate. The shaft of the actuator is connected to the water tank 5 through a flange. A water supply hole is provided on the side wall of the water tank 5 close to the bottom plate. A water supply hole is also provided on the side wall of the model box, which is located between the bottom plate of the placeholder box 3 and the cover layer dam model 2. The water tank 5 is connected to the water supply hole on the side wall of the model box 1 through a water pipe.

[0054] Before the test begins, the hydraulic actuator 6 is retracted and a certain amount of water is injected into the water tank 5 so that the water surface is level with the bottom of the inclined slit reserved in the model box. After the centrifuge is started and the target centrifugal acceleration is reached, the hydraulic axis of the hydraulic actuator 6 is controlled to extend vertically. As the water tank 5 rises, the water in the tank flows toward the reserved slit in the model box, and the water level in the slit gradually increases, thus simulating the water storage process. When the reservoir water level reaches the target height, the water level can be simulated to decrease. The hydraulic actuator 6 is controlled to retract vertically. As the water tank 5 moves downward, the water in the reserved slit flows into the reservoir water tank body, and the water level in the slit gradually decreases, thus simulating the precipitation process. The rate of increase and decrease of the reservoir water level can be adjusted. In addition, by controlling the reciprocating motion of the hydraulic actuator 5, the periodic rise and fall of the reservoir water level can be simulated.

[0055] Working principle:

[0056] First, the hydraulic actuator 6 is started. When the hydraulic actuator 6 is frequently raised or lowered, the vibration generated is transmitted to the elastic connection mechanism 9. At this time, the support of the first-level support platform 903 in the elastic connection mechanism 9 is combined with the elastic damping of the second-level buffer platform 902, the second buffer spring 906 and the movable connecting rod 907, and the fine adjustment of the third-level working platform 901 and the precision guide rail pair 905. This significantly suppresses the high-frequency vibration transmitted by the hydraulic actuator under high g-values, avoids distortion of water level fluctuations, improves the reliability of test data, and can absorb and alleviate the impact force generated by the water tank during rapid movement, reducing wear on the hydraulic actuator and the entire system.

[0057] During frequent lifting or lowering, the C-shaped movable platform 1006 in the guide positioning mechanism 10 is connected to the primary support platform 903 and will also move up and down together. During the movement, the C-shaped movable platform 1006 is movably mounted on the auxiliary slide bar 1002 and the main slide bar 1007. At this time, the auxiliary slide bar 1002 and the main slide bar 1007 can prevent the lifting of the water tank from changing the center of mass position of the entire system, and the rubber shock-absorbing layer 1008 provided on the main slide bar 1007 and the springs 1005 installed at both ends can reduce shock, significantly suppressing the high-frequency vibration transmitted by the hydraulic actuator under high g-values, avoiding distortion of water level fluctuations, improving the reliability of test data, and avoiding overshoot of the equipment.

[0058] The water pipe 7 is provided with several multi-stage water level regulating valves 11, each of which has a different opening size. Different valves can be manually rotated to open to achieve precise control of the water flow rate, thereby improving the reliability of the test data.

[0059] The overburden dam model 2, constructed from materials such as soil, stone, and concrete, is placed within a model box 1. The upstream side of the overburden dam model 2, which serves as the reservoir, is equipped with a placeholder box 3. This placeholder box 3 consists of a horizontal bottom plate, three vertical side plates, and one inclined side plate. The box is impermeable, with a transparent bottom plate and inclined side plates. A water-level monitoring camera 4 is installed inside the box to monitor the reservoir water level. The top surface of the placeholder box is bolted to a fixed rod, which in turn is bolted to the model box. The inclined side plates are parallel to the upstream dam slope, with a narrow gap between them. The horizontal bottom plate is parallel to the top surface of the dam foundation, with a narrow gap between them. Under a hypergravity field of 100 to 200 g, water can be injected into the gap to apply a water load to the dam body. This method significantly reduces the amount of water in the reservoir, minimizing changes in the center of mass caused by changes in the reservoir water level, thereby reducing the unbalanced forces during centrifuge operation.

[0060] A water tank 5 is provided on the outside of the model box. The box body consists of four vertical side panels and a bottom plate. A hydraulic actuator 6 is installed at the lower part of the bottom plate. The shaft of the actuator is connected to the water tank 5 through a flange. A water supply hole is provided on the side wall of the water tank 5 close to the bottom plate. A water supply hole is also provided on the side wall of the model box, which is located between the bottom plate of the placeholder box 3 and the cover layer dam model 2. The water tank 5 is connected to the water supply hole on the side wall of the model box 1 through a water pipe.

[0061] Before the test begins, the hydraulic actuator 6 is retracted and a certain amount of water is injected into the water tank 5 so that the water surface is level with the bottom of the inclined slit reserved in the model box. After the centrifuge is started and the target centrifugal acceleration is reached, the hydraulic axis of the hydraulic actuator 6 is controlled to extend vertically. As the water tank 5 rises, the water in the tank flows toward the reserved slit in the model box, and the water level in the slit gradually increases, thus simulating the water storage process. When the reservoir water level reaches the target height, the water level can be simulated to decrease. The hydraulic actuator 6 is controlled to retract vertically. As the water tank 5 moves downward, the water in the reserved slit flows into the reservoir water tank body, and the water level in the slit gradually decreases, thus simulating the precipitation process. The rate of increase and decrease of the reservoir water level can be adjusted. In addition, by controlling the reciprocating motion of the hydraulic actuator 5, the periodic rise and fall of the reservoir water level can be simulated.

[0062] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not limitations on the implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in the relevant field, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is impossible to list all the implementation methods here. Any obvious changes or modifications derived from the technical solution of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for controlling the water level of a centrifugal test model reservoir of a dam, comprising a model box (1), characterized in that: An overburden dam model (2) is provided at one end of the model box (1), and a placeholder box (3) is provided at one end of the model box (1) away from the overburden dam model (2). A guide positioning mechanism (10) is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the model box (1), and a hydraulic actuator (6) is fixedly installed at both ends of the guide positioning mechanism (10). The output end of the hydraulic actuator (6) is connected to a water storage tank (5) via an elastic connection mechanism (9). The water storage tank (5) is connected to the placeholder box (3) via a water pipe (7), and a plurality of multi-stage water level regulating valves (11) are provided on the water pipe (7).

2. The water level controllable regulating device for a dam centrifuge test model reservoir according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guiding and positioning mechanism (10) comprises a limiting platform (1001) and a base (1003); Both ends of the limiting platform (1001) and the base (1003) are fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the hydraulic actuator (6).

3. The water level controllable regulating device for a dam centrifuge test model reservoir according to claim 2, characterized in that: Two auxiliary sliding bars (1002) are provided in a linear array at the center of the limiting platform (1001) and the base (1003), a main sliding bar (1007) is fixedly installed between the two auxiliary sliding bars (1002), and an elliptical limiting platform (1004) is fixedly installed at one end of the auxiliary sliding bar (1002) and the main sliding bar (1007) away from the limiting platform (1001) and the base (1003).

4. The water level controllable regulating device for a dam centrifuge test model reservoir according to claim 3, characterized in that: A rubber shock-absorbing layer (1008) is provided on the outer surface of one end of the main slide bar (1007) close to the elliptical limiting platform (1004), and a spring (1005) is fixedly installed on one side surface of the elliptical limiting platform (1004) and the limiting platform (1001), and is movably sleeved on the outer surface of the main slide bar (1007).

5. The water level controllable regulating device for a dam centrifuge test model reservoir according to claim 3, characterized in that: A C-shaped movable platform (1006) is movably mounted on the outer surfaces of the auxiliary sliding rod (1002) and the main sliding rod (1007), and both ends of the C-shaped movable platform (1006) are connected to elastic connection mechanisms (9).

6. The device for controlling the water level of a centrifugal test model reservoir of a dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic connection mechanism (9) includes a primary support platform (903); The center of one side of the primary support platform (903) is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the hydraulic actuator (6), and the outer surface of the primary support platform (903) is connected to the C-shaped movable platform (1006).

7. The device for controlling the water level of a centrifugal test model reservoir of a dam according to claim 6, characterized in that: A plurality of movable connecting rods (907) are arranged in a circular array at the center of one side of the first-level support platform (903) away from the hydraulic actuator (6), and a plurality of second buffer springs (906) are arranged in a circular array at one side of the first-level support platform (903) away from the hydraulic actuator (6). A secondary buffer platform (902) is fixedly installed on one end of the movable connecting rod (907) and the second buffer spring (906) away from the first-level support platform (903).

8. The device for controlling the water level of a centrifugal test model reservoir of a dam according to claim 7, characterized in that: The side of the secondary buffer platform (902) away from the movable connecting rod (907) and the second buffer spring (906) is connected to the third-level working platform (901) via a precision guide rail pair (905), and the side of the third-level working platform (901) away from the precision guide rail pair (905) is connected to the water tank (5) via a spherical hinge end (904).

9. The device for controlling the water level of a centrifugal test model reservoir of a dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water storage tank (5) is vertically provided with a plurality of horizontal baffles (12), and a plurality of through slots (13) are provided inside the plurality of horizontal baffles (12). The through slots (13) provided inside each layer of the horizontal baffles (12) are arranged in a staggered manner. Two rectangular limiting rods (8) are fixedly installed on one side of the outer surface of the model box (1). A water level monitoring camera (4) is provided at the center of one side of each rectangular limiting rod (8) close to the model box (1). The water level monitoring camera (4) is installed directly above the place-occupying box (3).

10. A method for controlling the water level of a centrifuge test model reservoir in a dam, characterized by: The following steps are included: By starting the hydraulic actuator (6), when the hydraulic actuator (6) is frequently lifted or lowered, the vibration generated will be transmitted to the elastic connection mechanism (9). At this time, the support of the first-level support platform (903) in the elastic connection mechanism (9) cooperates with the elastic damping of the second-level buffer platform (902), the second buffer spring (906) and the movable connecting rod (907) and the fine adjustment of the third-level working platform (901) and the precision guide rail pair (905), which significantly suppresses the high-frequency vibration transmitted by the hydraulic actuator under high g value, avoids water level fluctuation distortion, improves the reliability of test data, and can absorb and alleviate the impact force generated by the water tank during rapid movement, reducing wear on the hydraulic actuator and the entire system; During frequent lifting or lowering, the C-shaped movable platform (1006) in the guide positioning mechanism (10) is connected to the primary support platform (903) and will also move up and down together. During the movement, the C-shaped movable platform (1006) is movably mounted on the auxiliary slide bar (1002) and the main slide bar (1007). At this time, the auxiliary slide bar (1002) and the main slide bar (1007) can prevent the lifting of the water tank from changing the center of mass position of the entire system. The rubber shock-absorbing layer (1008) provided on the main slide bar (1007) and the springs (1005) installed at both ends can reduce shock, significantly suppressing the high-frequency vibration transmitted by the hydraulic actuator under high g value, avoiding water level fluctuation distortion, improving the reliability of test data, and avoiding equipment overshoot. The water supply pipe (7) is provided with a plurality of multi-stage water level regulating valves (11), each of which has a different opening size. The water flow rate can be precisely controlled by manually rotating and selecting different valves to open, thereby improving the reliability of the test data. The cover layer dam model (2) is composed of materials such as soil, stone, and concrete, and is placed in a model box (1). The upstream side of the cover layer dam model (2) is a reservoir area, and a placeholder box (3) is set. The placeholder box (3) is composed of a horizontal bottom plate, three vertical side plates, and an inclined side plate. The box body is impermeable, and the bottom plate and inclined side plates of the box body are transparent. A water level monitoring camera (4) is set inside the box body to monitor the water level of the reservoir area. The upper surface of the placeholder box is connected to a fixed rod by bolts, and the fixed rod is connected to the model box by bolts. The inclined side plate is parallel to the upstream dam slope, and a slit is reserved between the two. The horizontal bottom plate is parallel to the top surface of the dam foundation, and a slit is also reserved between the two. Under a supergravity field of 100g to 200g, after water is injected into the slit, a water load can be applied to the dam body. In this way, the water volume in the reservoir area can be significantly reduced, the center of mass change caused by the change of the reservoir water level can be reduced, and the unbalanced force when the centrifuge is running can be reduced. A water storage tank (5) is provided on the outside of the model box. The box body is composed of four vertical side plates and a bottom plate. A hydraulic actuator (6) is installed at the lower part of the bottom plate. The shaft of the actuator is connected to the water storage tank (5) through a flange. A water delivery hole is provided on the side wall of the water storage tank (5) close to the bottom plate. A water delivery hole is also provided on the side wall of the model box and is located between the bottom plate of the placeholder box (3) and the cover layer dam model (2). The water storage tank (5) is connected to the water delivery hole on the side wall of the model box (1) through a water delivery pipe. Before the test begins, the hydraulic actuator (6) needs to be retracted, and a certain amount of water is injected into the water tank (5) so that the water surface is level with the bottom of the inclined slit reserved in the model box. After the centrifuge is started and the target centrifugal acceleration is reached, the axis of the hydraulic actuator (6) is controlled to extend in the vertical direction. As the water tank (5) rises, the water in the box flows to the reserved slit in the model box, and the water level in the slit gradually rises, thereby simulating the water storage process. When the reservoir water level reaches the target height, the water level reduction simulation can be carried out. The hydraulic actuator (6) is controlled to retract in the vertical direction. As the water tank (5) moves down, the water in the reserved slit flows to the reservoir water box body, and the water level in the slit gradually decreases, thereby simulating the precipitation process. The rate of increase and decrease of the reservoir water level can be adjusted. In addition, by controlling the reciprocating motion of the (5) hydraulic actuator, the periodic rise and fall simulation of the reservoir water level can be achieved.

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