Special base fertilizer for tea and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a special base fertilizer for tea and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of compound fertilizers. Comprising a compound fertilizer 18-10-14, and according to the weight of the compound fertilizer 18-10-14, 1-3% of medium trace element fertilizer, 1.0-1.5% of borax, 1.0-3.0% of potassium polyacrylate and 1.1-1.4 times of organic fertilizer are added. The organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 600-900 parts of waste fungus bags, 400-600 parts of animal waste, 300-550 parts of red loam, 100-250 parts of oil cakes, 80-150 parts of shell powder, 20-35 parts of urea, 15-30 parts of fungus residues, 2-5 parts of an RW fungicide, 2-6 parts of a functional fungicide, 1-4 parts of a nitrogen-fixing fungicide and 0.5-2 parts of a phosphate solubilizing fungicide. After the special fertilizer is applied, the yield, the selling price and the quality can be improved, the appearance can be improved, and the tea anthracnose morbidity can be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of compound fertilizers, and in particular relates to a base fertilizer special for tea and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Tea (Camellia sinensis) is a perennial cash crop harvested multiple times a year. Fertilization is a crucial measure for ensuring the proper growth of tea trees and improving both yield and quality, and it contributes significantly to their growth. Currently, traditional tea plantations primarily utilize fast-acting chemical fertilizers such as urea and compound fertilizers, and these fertilizers are used in high quantities, resulting in a gradual decline in tea quality.

[0003] For example, CN107805171A discloses a tea-specific organic fertilizer that significantly improves tea yield and quality. The tea-specific organic fertilizer comprises the following components by weight: 3-5 parts of animal-derived amino acids, 5 parts of plant humic acid, 3-6 parts of animal fur / skin residue, 3-8 parts of calcium cyanamide, 4-6 parts of dolomite powder, 1-2 parts of micronized hydroxyapatite, 6-9 parts of earthworm castings, and 7-15 parts of acidic charcoal powder. This tea-specific organic fertilizer is applied to the soil of tea-growing fields at a rate of 150-300 kg / mu, effectively improving the soil in tea gardens, providing sufficient nutrition for tea growth, and significantly increasing tea yield.

[0004] The cost of this tea-specific fertilizer is relatively high. CN107805171A requires animal-derived amino acids, calcium cyanamide, dolomite powder, micron hydroxyapatite, earthworm castings, and acidic charcoal powder, all of which are relatively expensive. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This patent provides a special base fertilizer for tea, suitable for the soil conditions in the southeast region. Application of this special fertilizer can increase yield, sales price and quality, improve appearance, and reduce the incidence of anthracnose in tea leaves. The compound fertilizer itself is low in cost and easy to apply. The technical solution is as follows: In one aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a base fertilizer specifically for tea, comprising compound fertilizer 18-10-14, to which are added 1-3% of medium and trace element fertilizers, 1.0-1.5% of borax, 1.0-3.0% of potassium polyacrylate, and 1.1-1.4 times the weight of organic fertilizer, based on the weight of compound fertilizer 18-10-14. The potassium polyacrylate acts as a soil water-retaining agent.

[0006] Among them, the organic fertilizer is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 600-900 parts of waste mushroom bags, 400-600 parts of animal manure, 300-550 parts of red soil, 100-250 parts of oil cakes, 80-150 parts of shell powder, 20-35 parts of urea, 15-30 parts of mushroom residue, 2-5 parts of RW bacterial agent, 2-6 parts of functional bacterial agent, 1-4 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacterial agent and 0.5-2 parts of phosphate-solubilizing bacterial agent.

[0007] Wherein, the preparation method of organic fertilizer is: S1: Mix the fungus residue with RW microbial agent according to the ratio and expand the culture.

[0008] S2: After the spent fungus bags are broken up, dried and crushed, they are mixed with red soil, shell powder and steamed oil cake according to the ratio. Animal manure and expanded culture are poured on the surface of the mixture and urea solution (for adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio) is added according to the ratio to control the moisture content to 60-65%. Fermentation is carried out once. The conditions for one fermentation are: fermentation at 70-75℃ for 16-20 days, and turning the pile every 5-6 days. S3: Spray nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphate-dissolving bacteria on the surface of the fermentation pile according to the ratio to carry out secondary fermentation. The conditions for the secondary fermentation are: fermentation at 42-48°C for 25-30 days, and turning the pile every 5-6 days.

[0009] S4: Spray the functional bacterial agent on the surface of the fermentation pile according to the ratio, and leave it for 8-12 days to obtain organic fertilizer, and control the moisture content to ≤27%.

[0010] The source of red soil is: natural red soil is burned into brown by hay and mixed with the ash from the burnt grass, and the amount of hay used is 0.4-0.8 times the weight of the natural red soil.

[0011] Among them, the oil cakes are steamed for 4-6 hours.

[0012] The medium and trace element fertilizer includes magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate, sodium ferric EDTA, zinc sulfate, and copper sulfate. The mass ratio of magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate, sodium ferric EDTA, zinc sulfate, and copper sulfate is 20-35:5-12:2-5:1-2:0.3-0.5. Preferably, the mass ratio of magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate, sodium ferric EDTA, zinc sulfate, and copper sulfate is 25:8:3:2:0.4.

[0013] The waste mushroom bags are selected from one or more of King Oyster Mushroom, Oyster Mushroom, or Shiitake Mushroom waste bags, preferably King Oyster Mushroom waste bags (which are cheaper). The animal manure is selected from one or more of cow dung, sheep dung, chicken dung, or rabbit dung, preferably a combination of sheep dung and chicken dung, with a mass ratio of sheep dung to chicken dung of 5-7:4. The oil cake is selected from one or more of rapeseed cake, sesame cake, or peanut cake, preferably rapeseed cake (which has a high phosphorus content). The shell powder is selected from one or more of oyster powder or clam powder, preferably oyster powder.

[0014] Specifically, the nitrogen-fixing bacteria agent is Bacillus subtilis. The phosphate-solubilizing bacteria agent is Bacillus pumilus laterosporus. Functional bacteria agents include Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis. The effective viable bacterial count ratio of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens to Bacillus subtilis is 1:2-5, and the effective viable bacterial count of the functional bacteria agent is greater than 200 million per gram.

[0015] Preferably, the organic fertilizer is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 700 parts of spent King Oyster Mushroom bags, 300 parts of sheep manure, 200 parts of chicken manure, 360 parts of red soil, 220 parts of rapeseed cake, 100 parts of oyster powder, 25 parts of urea, 20 parts of mushroom residue, 4 parts of RW microbial agent, 4 parts of functional microbial agent, 2 parts of nitrogen-fixing agent, and 1.2 parts of phosphate-solubilizing agent. The nitrogen-fixing agent is Bacillus subtilis; the phosphate-solubilizing agent is Bacillus pumilus laterosporus; the functional microbial agent includes Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis, with the effective viable bacterial count ratio of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens to Bacillus subtilis being 1:2-5, and the effective viable bacterial count of the functional microbial agent being greater than 200 million per gram.

[0016] Among them, compound fertilizer 18-10-14 is a sulfur-based compound fertilizer with a chlorine content of less than 0.5%. Chloride ions will affect the growth of tea trees.

[0017] Preferably, based on the weight of compound fertilizer 18-10-14, 2.2% of medium and trace element fertilizer, 1.1% of borax, 2% of potassium polyacrylate and 1.2 times the weight of organic fertilizer are added.

[0018] On the other hand, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for preparing the aforementioned tea-specific base fertilizer, the method comprising: mixing compound fertilizer 18-10-14, medium and trace element fertilizer, borax, potassium polyacrylate and organic fertilizer according to a proportion and granulating, and obtaining the product after drying, screening and coating.

[0019] This patent has the following advantages: 1. This special fertilizer contains a large amount of organic matter and is easy to absorb; this special fertilizer contains rich effective live bacteria that can promote the absorption of nutrients by crops.

[0020] 2. The tea leaves treated with this special fertilizer appear larger in appearance and have longer buds.

[0021] 3. The yield of tea trees treated with this special fertilizer is higher than that of tea trees treated with other fertilizers. The fresh leaf yield per mu is 150.6 kg higher, an increase of 16.80%, and the dry tea yield per mu is 11.52% higher.

[0022] 4. It can reduce the incidence of anthracnose in tea leaves.

[0023] 5. After applying this special fertilizer, the content of tea polyphenols and amino acids in tea leaves increased significantly, increasing by 17.84% and 18.92% respectively, and the difference was significant. The caffeine content decreased slightly, and the difference in water extract was not significant. Combining the data of multiple quality indicators, it can be concluded that the quality of tea leaves has been significantly improved after applying this special fertilizer, with better taste and richer nutrition.

[0024] 6. The application of this special fertilizer costs an average of 500 yuan more per mu than the application of other fertilizers, but it can increase the dry tea yield by 19 kg per mu, and the unit price of tea treated with this special fertilizer is higher, an average of 10 yuan / kg higher, which ultimately leads to an increase of 3,245 yuan in income per mu, and a profit growth rate of up to 23.95%.

[0025] 7. The cost of organic fertilizer is low, less than 0.45 yuan / jin (calculated based on the following costs: 0.1 yuan / jin for waste bags of king oyster mushrooms, 0.4 yuan / jin for animal manure, 1.3 yuan / jin for oil cakes, 0.2 yuan / jin for oyster powder, 1.3 yuan / jin for urea, and 0.5 yuan / jin for red soil). It is only slightly more expensive than conventional organic fertilizer (made by fermenting animal manure with straw, mushroom bags, etc.). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is the soil condition of the test site; The left side shows the soil conditions, and the right side shows a distant view of the test site. Figure 2 This is a comparison of the early stages of tea trees under different treatments; The left side is the test site for this special fertilizer, and the right side is the test site for the control fertilizer; Figure 3 This is a comparison of the incidence of tea anthracnose under different treatments; The left side is the test site for this special fertilizer, and the right side is the test site for the control fertilizer; Figure 4 This is a comparison chart of the incidence of tea leaf blight under different treatments; Among them, the left side is the test site for this special fertilizer, and the right side is the test site for the control fertilizer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] Example 1 Example 1 provides a base fertilizer specifically for tea, comprising 1000 kg of 18-10-14 compound fertilizer, 22 kg of medium and trace element fertilizer, 11 kg of borax, 20 kg of potassium polyacrylate, and 1200 kg of organic fertilizer. The 18-10-14 compound fertilizer is a sulfur-based compound fertilizer with a chlorine content of 0.39%. The medium and trace element fertilizer includes magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate, sodium ferric EDTA, zinc sulfate, and copper sulfate, with the mass ratio of magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate, sodium ferric EDTA, zinc sulfate, and copper sulfate being 25:8:3:2:0.4.

[0029] The organic fertilizer is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 700 parts of spent King Oyster Mushroom bags, 300 parts of sheep manure, 200 parts of chicken manure, 360 parts of red soil, 220 parts of rapeseed cake, 100 parts of oyster powder, 25 parts of urea, 20 parts of mushroom residue, 4 parts of RW microbial agent, 4 parts of functional microbial agent, 2 parts of nitrogen-fixing agent, and 1.2 parts of phosphate-solubilizing agent. The nitrogen-fixing agent is Bacillus subtilis. The phosphate-solubilizing agent is Bacillus laterosporus. The functional microbial agents include Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis, with the effective viable cell count ratio of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens to Bacillus subtilis being 1:4.

[0030] The preparation method of organic fertilizer is: S1: Mix the fungus residue with RW microbial agent according to the ratio and expand the culture.

[0031] S2: After the spent fungus bags are broken up, dried and crushed, they are mixed with red soil, shell powder and steamed oil cake according to the ratio. Animal feces and expanded culture are poured on the surface of the mixture and urea solution is added according to the ratio to control the moisture content to 60-65%. Fermentation is carried out once. The conditions for one fermentation are: fermentation at 72°C for 18 days. S3: Spray nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphate-dissolving bacteria on the surface of the fermentation pile according to the ratio to carry out secondary fermentation. The conditions for the secondary fermentation are: fermentation at 45°C for 25 days.

[0032] S4: Spray the functional bacterial agent on the surface of the fermentation pile according to the ratio, and leave it for 10 days to obtain organic fertilizer.

[0033] The parameters of the obtained compound fertilizer are: brown, odorless, pH value 7.6, moisture content 26.3%; organic carbon 121.2g / kg, N 45g / kg, phosphorus pentoxide 43.59g / kg, potassium oxide 74.39g / kg, and total nutrients 162.98g / kg.

[0034] Example 2 Example 2 provides a special base fertilizer for tea, including 1000 kg of compound fertilizer 18-10-14, 25 kg of medium and trace element fertilizer, 15 kg of borax, 20 kg of potassium polyacrylate and 1200 kg of organic fertilizer; the organic fertilizer is the same as that in Example 1.

[0035] 1. Materials and Methods 1.1 Test location: Xingtian Town, Wuyishan City, Fujian Province.

[0036] 1.2 Test soil: The test soil is yellow-red soil with medium soil fertility, soil organic matter 15.3g / kg, soil alkaline nitrogen 88.4mg / kg, available phosphorus 56.1mg / kg, available potassium 124.2mg / kg, and soil pH = 5.54.

[0037] 1.3 Test crops and varieties: Cinnamon and tea trees are mostly over 20 years old 1.4 Planting area: The special base fertilizer of this patent is 3.6 mu; other fertilizers (19-5-8) are 3 mu.

[0038] 1.5 Time: October 2022 to April 15, 2023, harvesting spring tea.

[0039] 1.6 Fertilizers for testing: special base fertilizer of this patent, other fertilizers (19-5-8), sulfur-based compound fertilizer (15-15-15) and topdressing, etc.

[0040] 1.7 Treatment settings and fertilization methods: Treatment 1: This special fertilizer (Example 1) Fertilization method: Apply 180kg / mu of this patented special fertilizer in early October, mainly by broadcasting, supplemented by furrow application, and normal topdressing.

[0041] Treatment 2: Other fertilizer (19-5-8) Fertilization method: Apply base fertilizer in early October, 100kg / mu of organic fertilizer + 80kg / mu of other fertilizers (19-5-8), mainly broadcasting, supplemented by furrow application, and normal topdressing.

[0042] 1.8 Pest and disease management: Tea tree pests can have a significant adverse impact on the normal growth of tea trees and reduce the quality of tea.

[0043] The main tea tree pests include: false-eyed green leafhopper, tea aphid, white scale, black thorn powder, green stink bug, tea silkworm, tea cricket, white grub, etc.

[0044] Tea tree diseases mainly include: tea anthracnose, tea cloud leaf blight, tea sooty mold, dodder tea tree root rot and tea seedling root knot nematode disease.

[0045] Key prevention and control methods: First, prune and clean the tea garden thoroughly, especially before wintering. Remove any remaining root cuttings and cocoons in the soil, and prune branches and leaves that harbor pests to reduce the pest population. Increase fertilization efforts, including increasing the application rate of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, to improve the resistance of the tea plants. Traditional pest and disease control methods, such as nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV), spinetoram, and Weber's spore fungus, can also be used.

[0046] 1.9 Measurement indicators: After harvest, samples are taken to measure some indicators such as morphological indicators of tea leaves, size and color, yield indicators such as 100 bud weight and bud density, etc., and quality indicators such as caffeine, theophylline, tea polyphenols and other substances.

[0047] 1.10 Test site conditions like Figure 1As shown, the experimental site is located at the foot of a high mountain. It has a slight slope but is generally flat. The tea garden is well managed, and tea trees are planted at a strict spacing of 40 x 130 meters. The soil in the experimental site is slightly acidic and has a lot of moss on the ground. However, the overall fertility is good.

[0048] 1.11 Statistical Methods All data were statistically analyzed by EXCEL and SAS, and then the difference significance test was performed.

[0049] 2. Crop Fertilization Management Process Application of basal fertilizer: The purpose of basal fertilizer in tea gardens is to provide sufficient, slowly degradable nutrients to ensure that the tea trees have the nutrients they need for their activities after winter. It also provides nutrients for the germination of tea buds the following year. Generally, basal fertilizer is applied around mid-October in Wuyishan.

[0050] First Topdressing: To fully meet the nutrient requirements of spring tea and encourage early, frequent, uniform, and vigorous growth, timely topdressing is recommended. This is commonly known as "germination-accelerating fertilizer" in tea-growing areas along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. This period is generally around early March. Use a sulfur-based compound fertilizer (15-15-15).

[0051] Second topdressing: This is the critical period for summer tea to supplement nutrients, which is generally around late May, and mainly uses high-nitrogen fertilizers.

[0052] The third topdressing: This is the critical period for supplementing nutrients for autumn tea, which is generally between the end of July and the beginning of August.

[0053] 3. Results and Analysis 3.1 Effects of different fertilizer treatments on the physical and chemical properties of tea soil As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the unfertilized treatment, the physical and chemical properties of the soil have changed after fertilization, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient contents have increased, and the difference in alkaline nitrogen content is significant. Among them, the organic matter content in the soil after applying the special fertilizer of this patent has increased more than that of other fertilizers. This is because this special fertilizer contains a large amount of organic matter and is easy to absorb; compared with the application of other fertilizers, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and other nutrient contents in the soil after applying this special fertilizer are at the same level. At the same time, this special fertilizer contains rich effective live bacteria that can promote the absorption of nutrients by crops. Soil organic matter is 15.3g / kg, soil alkaline nitrogen is 88.4mg / kg, available phosphorus is 56.1mg / kg, available potassium is 124.2mg / kg, and soil pH is 5.5.

[0054] Table 1: Physical and chemical properties of soil before and after fertilization in the experimental plot

[0055] 3.2 Effects of different fertilizer treatments on tea trees Before the experiment began, after the last batch of 2022 harvest was completed and before winter fertilizer was applied, the morphological indicators of the tea trees under the two different treatments were measured, such as plant height, leaf length and width, leaf color, and SPAD. The specific data are shown in Table 2. As can be seen from Table 2, the growth conditions of the tea trees before the two different fertilizer treatments were roughly the same, with no significant differences in plant height, leaf length and width. The leaves were all dark green, but not smooth, indicating that the tea trees had been infected with diseases and insect pests. The SPAD values ​​were similar, indicating that the growth conditions of the tea trees on both sides were not much different, making them very suitable for use as experimental fields.

[0056] Table 2: Effects of different fertilizer treatments on the early growth of tea leaves

[0057] 3.3 Effects of different fertilizer treatments on tea Spring tea, a favorite due to its rich nutrient content, has thick mesophyll, high levels of aromatic substances and vitamins, a fresh and refreshing flavor, a strong aroma, and a firm, dense appearance. The spring tea harvest is the most important in the tea harvest, accounting for approximately 40% of the annual output. The harvest typically takes place around the Qingming Festival. The first tea harvest took place in mid-April 2023, and both yield and quality testing were conducted.

[0058] Wuyishan Cinnamon, an oolong tea, was compared with tea leaves treated with two different fertilizers. The following indicators were measured: average bud length, leaf length, leaf width, and number of leaves per bud, as shown in Table 3. Compared with tea leaves treated with other fertilizers, the morphological parameters of the tea leaves did not change much after application of this fertilizer, with no significant differences between the two. However, as shown in Table 3, the tea leaves treated with this fertilizer appeared larger, with average bud length increasing by 8.89%.

[0059] Table 3: Effects of different fertilizer treatments on tea morphological parameters

[0060] 3.4 Effects of different fertilizer treatments on tea yield Yield is one of the key indicators for measuring the impact of fertilizer on tea trees. During the first spring tea harvest, tea bud weight, tea bud density, unit fresh leaf weight, fresh leaf yield per mu, and dry tea yield per mu were measured. Specific data are shown in Table 4. The data in the table show that compared with the application of other fertilizers, the bud weight of tea leaves treated with this special fertilizer was significantly different, indicating that the tea leaves treated with this special fertilizer were heavier. Compared with the application of other fertilizers, there were no significant differences in tea bud density, unit fresh leaf weight, fresh leaf yield per mu, and dry tea yield per mu after the application of this special fertilizer. However, the data show that the yield of tea trees treated with this special fertilizer was higher than that of tea trees treated with other fertilizers. The fresh leaf yield per mu was 150.6 kg higher, an increase of 16.80%, and the dry tea yield per mu was 11.52% higher, indicating a relatively ideal effect.

[0061] Table 4: Effects of different fertilizer treatments on tea yield indicators

[0062] 3.5 Effects of different fertilizer treatments on tea pests and diseases In addition to the size, appearance and yield of tea leaves, tea plant diseases and insect pests are also key factors affecting the economic benefits of tea. It was observed that the main tea plant diseases and insect pests in the experimental area were anthracnose and leaf blight ( Figure 3 、 4 As shown in the figure), through statistical analysis of the data, it was found that the occurrence of the two diseases was different under the two fertilizer treatments. As for anthracnose, there was no significant difference between the two fertilizer treatments in sample plots I and II, but there was a significant difference in sample plot three. Overall, the two fertilizer treatments were significantly different. The incidence of anthracnose in tea leaves treated with other fertilizers was 13.4% higher than that treated with this special fertilizer.

[0063] Table 5: Effects of different fertilizer treatments on tea plant diseases and insect pests

[0064] 3.6 Effects of different fertilizer treatments on tea quality Tea quality is a key factor influencing its price. Therefore, to compare the two different fertilizers, tea polyphenols, amino acids, caffeine, and water extract were measured. The specific data are shown in Table 6. Tea polyphenol content determines the concentration and astringency of tea liquor. Amino acids have a savory, slightly sweet flavor and are important flavor compounds in tea. Caffeine, while bitter on its own, forms complexes with tea polyphenols and oxidation products, creating a refreshing, zesty substance. Together, these factors determine tea quality. The data in the table show that, compared with other fertilizers, the application of this special fertilizer significantly increased tea polyphenol and amino acid content, by 17.84% and 18.92%, respectively. The differences were significant, while caffeine content decreased slightly. The difference in water extract was not significant. Taking these multiple quality indicators into account, we conclude that the application of this special fertilizer significantly improved tea quality, resulting in a better taste and richer nutrition.

[0065] Table 6: Content of tea quality indicators under different fertilizer treatments

[0066] 3.7 Economic benefits of tea under different fertilizer treatments Yield and quality are the direct factors determining the final economic benefits. Yield determines how much tea can be sold, while quality determines the price. Final statistical analysis compared the profits generated by tea treated with two different fertilizers, as shown in Table 7. The data in the table shows that applying this special fertilizer costs an average of 500 yuan more per mu than applying other fertilizers, but it also increases dry tea yield by 19 kg per mu. Furthermore, tea treated with this special fertilizer has a higher unit price, averaging 10 yuan higher per kg. This ultimately results in an additional 3,245 yuan per mu in revenue, a profit growth rate of 23.95%, a remarkable effect.

[0067] Table 7: Analysis of economic benefits of tea under different fertilization treatments

[0068] As can be seen from Table 4-7, the yield of tea has been improved after the application of this special fertilizer, the dry tea yield has increased by 19kg / mu, the size of the tea leaves has become larger, the quality has improved, the average unit price has increased by 10 yuan / kg, and the occurrence of diseases and pests has also been reduced.

[0069] Comparative experiment The planting area of ​​each comparative ratio was 0.6 mu, and it was carried out at the same time as the above experiment. The fertilization method and amount were the same as the above experiment, and the treatment location was the same.

[0070] Comparative Example 1 In Comparative Example 1, compound fertilizer 18-10-14 was replaced by compound fertilizer 19-5-8 of equal weight, and the rest was the same as in Example 1.

[0071] Comparative Example 2 In Comparative Example 2, compound fertilizer 18-10-14 was replaced by compound fertilizer 15-15-15 of equal weight, and the rest was the same as in Example 1.

[0072] Comparative Example 3 In Comparative Example 3, the organic fertilizer was replaced with an equal weight of commercially available organic fertilizer, and the rest was the same as in Example 1.

[0073] Comparative Example 4 In Comparative Example 4, borax and potassium polyacrylate were not added, and the other conditions were the same as those in Example 1.

[0074] Comparative Example 5 In Comparative Example 5, the organic fertilizer was fermented by using the same proportions of waste Pleurotus eryngii bags, sheep manure, chicken manure, red soil, rapeseed cake and conventional fermentation bacteria, and the rest was the same as in Example 1.

[0075] Comparative Example 6 In Comparative Example 6, the red soil was replaced with natural red soil of the same mass, the rapeseed cake was not steamed, and the rest was the same as in Example 1.

[0076] Comparative Example 7 In Comparative Example 7, the same weight of pig manure was used to replace sheep manure and chicken manure, and the rest was the same as in Example 1.

[0077] Comparative Example 8 In Comparative Example 8, the fermentation conditions were adjusted, and the RW bacterial agent, functional bacterial agent, nitrogen-fixing bacterial agent and phosphate-solubilizing bacterial agent were all added at the beginning of the fermentation. The fermentation conditions were: fermentation at 70° C. for 50 days.

[0078] The results are shown in Table 8: Table 8

[0079] From the comparison results, it can be seen that under the conditions of this patent, all parameters are the best.

[0080] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. Special base fertilizer for tea, characterized in that: The invention comprises compound fertilizer 18-10-14, and based on the weight of compound fertilizer 18-10-14, 1-3% of medium and trace element fertilizer, 1.0-1.5% of borax, 1.0-3.0% of potassium polyacrylate and 1.1-1.4 times the weight of organic fertilizer are added; The organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 600-900 parts of waste fungus bags, 400-600 parts of animal feces, 300-550 parts of red soil, 100-250 parts of oil cakes, 80-150 parts of shell powder, 20-35 parts of urea, 15-30 parts of fungus residues, 2-5 parts of RW bacterial agent, 2-6 parts of functional bacterial agent, 1-4 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacterial agent and 0.5-2 parts of phosphate-solubilizing bacterial agent.

2. The special base fertilizer for tea according to claim 1, wherein The preparation method of the organic fertilizer is: S1: Mix the fungus residue with RW microbial agent according to the ratio and expand the culture; S2: After the spent fungus bags are broken up, dried and crushed, they are mixed with red soil, shell powder and steamed oil cake according to a certain ratio. Animal feces and expanded culture are poured on the surface of the mixture and urea solution is added according to a certain ratio to control the moisture content to 60-65%. The primary fermentation is carried out under the following conditions: fermentation at 70-75°C for 16-20 days, and turning the pile every 5-6 days; S3: Spray nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphate-dissolving bacteria on the surface of the fermentation pile according to the ratio to carry out secondary fermentation. The conditions for the secondary fermentation are: fermentation at 42-48°C for 25-30 days, and turning the pile every 5-6 days; S4: Spray the functional bacterial agent on the surface of the fermentation pile according to the ratio, and leave it for 8-12 days to obtain organic fertilizer, and control the moisture content to ≤27%; The source of red soil is: natural red soil is burned into brown by hay and mixed with the ash from the burnt grass. The amount of hay used is 0.4-0.8 times the weight of the natural red soil. Among them, the oil cakes are steamed for 4-6 hours.

3. The special base fertilizer for tea according to claim 1, wherein The medium and trace element fertilizer comprises magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate, sodium ferric edetate, zinc sulfate and copper sulfate; the mass ratio of the magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate, sodium ferric edetate, zinc sulfate and copper sulfate is 20-35:5-12:2-5:1-2:0.3-0.

5.

4. The special base fertilizer for tea according to claim 1, wherein The waste mushroom bags are selected from one or more of King Oyster Mushroom waste bags, Pleurotus ostreatus waste bags or Lentinus edodes waste bags, the animal manure is selected from one or more of cow dung, sheep dung, chicken dung or rabbit dung, the oil cake is selected from one or more of rapeseed cake, sesame cake or peanut cake, and the shell powder is selected from one or more of oyster powder or clam powder.

5. The special base fertilizer for tea according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waste mushroom bags are waste bags of King Oyster Mushroom; the animal manure includes sheep manure and chicken manure, and the mass ratio of the sheep manure to the chicken manure is 5-7:4; the oil cake is rapeseed cake; and the shell powder is oyster powder.

6. The special base fertilizer for tea according to claim 1, characterized in that The nitrogen-fixing bacterial agent is Bacillus subtilis; the phosphate-solubilizing bacterial agent is Bacillus pumilus laterosporus; the functional bacterial agent includes Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis, the effective viable bacterial count ratio of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens to Bacillus subtilis is 1:2-5, and the effective viable bacterial count of the functional bacterial agent is greater than 200 million / gram.

7. The special base fertilizer for tea according to claim 1, characterized in that The organic fertilizer is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 700 parts of waste bags of king oyster mushrooms, 300 parts of sheep manure, 200 parts of chicken manure, 360 parts of red soil, 220 parts of rapeseed cake, 100 parts of oyster powder, 25 parts of urea, 20 parts of mushroom residue, 4 parts of RW microbial agent, 4 parts of functional microbial agent, 2 parts of nitrogen-fixing microbial agent and 1.2 parts of phosphate-solubilizing microbial agent; The nitrogen-fixing bacterial agent is Bacillus subtilis; the phosphate-solubilizing bacterial agent is Bacillus pumilus laterosporus; the functional bacterial agent includes Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis, the effective viable bacterial count ratio of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens to Bacillus subtilis is 1:2-5, and the effective viable bacterial count of the functional bacterial agent is greater than 200 million / gram.

8. The special base fertilizer for tea according to claim 1, characterized in that The compound fertilizer 18-10-14 is a sulfur-based compound fertilizer with a chlorine content of less than 0.5%.

9. The special base fertilizer for tea according to claim 1, characterized in that Based on the weight of compound fertilizer 18-10-14, add 2.2% of medium and trace element fertilizer, 1.1% of borax, 2% of potassium polyacrylate and 1.2 times the weight of organic fertilizer.

10. The method for preparing the special base fertilizer for tea according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: The method comprises the following steps: mixing compound fertilizer 18-10-14, medium and trace element fertilizer, borax, potassium polyacrylate and organic fertilizer according to a proportion, granulating the mixture, and obtaining the product after drying, screening and coating.

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