Cable tube convenient for construction

By arranging guide struts and adjustment mechanisms on the outer wall of the cable tube body, a stable connection of cable tubes of different specifications is achieved, the problem of poor adaptability of cable tube docking is solved, and construction efficiency and stability are improved.

CN120728474AInactive Publication Date: 2025-09-30KUNMING LUOQIAN INT TRADING CO LTD
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202511035733.3
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Applications(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Priority Date
2025-03-16
Filing Date
2025-07-25
Publication Date
2025-09-30
Estimated Expiration
Not applicable · inactive patent

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

In the prior art, there is a problem of difficulty in adapting the cable pipes of different specifications to each other, resulting in low construction efficiency.

Method used

A cable tube including a positioning connection mechanism and an adjustment mechanism is designed. By sleeved first and second guide struts on the outer wall of the cable tube body, positioning blocks and elastic connecting frames are used to achieve stable connection of cable tubes of different specifications. Dynamic adjustment and stability are achieved by combining an adjustment disk and a synchronization frame.

Benefits of technology

It improves the adaptability and stability of cable pipe docking construction, enhances construction efficiency, ensures that the cable pipe body is evenly stressed during connection, avoids loosening and dislocation, and maintains the straightness of the cable.

✦ Generated by Eureka AI based on patent content.

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Abstract

A cable tube convenient to construct disclosed by the present invention comprises a main body mechanism, the outer wall of the main body mechanism is sleeved with a positioning connection mechanism, one side of the positioning connection mechanism is fixedly connected with an adjusting mechanism, the main body mechanism at least comprises two cable tube bodies, and two sides of an elastic connection frame are fixedly connected with synchronous frames. A flexible supporting rod and a first telescopic spring are fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the elastic connecting frame, and a second telescopic spring is fixedly arranged between the first guiding supporting rod and the positioning block. When two cable tubes of different specifications are in butt joint, a first guide supporting rod can be moved towards the circle center direction of a first bearing sleeve, so that a second guide supporting rod moves towards a cable tube body until a positioning insertion plate arranged on a positioning block is attached to and clamped into a tube sleeve reinforcing ring; and the end parts of the cable pipe bodies with different sizes can be limited on the inner side of the first bearing sleeve through the positioning connecting mechanism, so that the adaptability of the cable pipes with different specifications during butt joint construction is greatly improved, and the working efficiency is improved.
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Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of electric power construction, and more particularly to a cable pipe that is easy to construct. Background Art

[0002] A cable pipe is a tubular structure used to protect and manage cables. It is an important component of the cable wiring system. Its main function is to provide mechanical protection for the cables and prevent damage to the cables from external environmental factors (such as moisture, dust, chemical corrosion, etc.). At the same time, it standardizes the wiring of the cables to avoid cable confusion or entanglement. Cable pipes are usually made of metal, plastic or composite materials, have high strength and durability, and can withstand external extrusion, impact and bending. In addition, according to different application requirements, cable pipes can be divided into rigid and flexible types. The former is used for fixed wiring scenarios, and the latter is suitable for scenarios that require a certain degree of bending flexibility; when renovating old cable pipelines, the laying length of the cable pipe needs to be lengthened by adding cable pipes, but in the existing technology, there are often problems with difficulty in adapting the docking work between cable pipes of different specifications. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention solves the above technical problems with the following technical solutions: a cable tube that is easy to construct, comprising a main body, an outer wall of the main body being provided with a positioning connection mechanism, one side of the positioning connection mechanism being fixedly connected to an adjustment mechanism;

[0004] The camming mechanism comprises at least two cable tube bodies, and the outer walls of the two cable tube bodies are provided with multiple sleeve reinforcement rings. The positioning connection mechanism comprises two first supporting sleeves respectively sleeved on the outer walls of the two cable tube bodies, and the interior of the two first supporting sleeves are slidably installed with multiple first guide struts, and one side of the multiple first guide struts extending into the interior of the first supporting sleeve is provided with a second guide strut perpendicular to it, and one end of the multiple second guide struts is fixedly installed with a positioning block. The outer wall of the positioning block is provided with multiple positioning plug-ins, and the positioning plug-ins are plugged into the interiors of two adjacent sleeve reinforcement rings; the adjustment mechanism comprises an elastic connecting frame hingedly connected to one end of the second guide strut arranged inside the two first supporting sleeves, an elastic connecting frame is provided between the two corresponding second guide struts, and a synchronous frame is fixedly connected to both sides of the elastic connecting frame, a flexible strut and a first telescopic spring are fixed on the inner wall of the elastic connecting frame, and a second telescopic spring is fixed between the first guide strut and the positioning block.

[0005] Preferably, a forward threaded screw rod and a reverse threaded screw rod are respectively threadedly installed between the synchronous frames, and the forward threaded screw rod and the reverse threaded screw rod are fixedly connected.

[0006] Preferably, an adjustment disk is rotatably installed on one side of the first supporting sleeve, and a plurality of first directional sliding grooves arranged in a through shape are opened inside the adjusting disk. A first directional connecting rod fixedly connected to the first supporting sleeve is slidably installed inside the first directional sliding groove, and a second supporting sleeve is fixedly installed on the end of the first directional connecting rod away from the first supporting sleeve.

[0007] Preferably, one side of the adjustment disk is provided with a plurality of second directional sliding grooves arranged in a through shape, the curvature of the second directional sliding groove is inconsistent with the curvature of the adjustment disk, one end of the second directional sliding groove is close to the center of the adjustment disk, and the other end of the second directional sliding groove is away from the center of the adjustment disk; the inner cavities of the plurality of second directional sliding grooves are all slidably installed with a second directional connecting rod fixedly connected to the first guide support rod.

[0008] Preferably, a guide gear plate is fixedly mounted on the adjusting disk, and an adjusting gear rotatably connected to the first supporting sleeve is engaged on the guide gear plate.

[0009] Preferably, the number of the first guide struts is three, and a second guide strut perpendicular to the first guide struts is slidably installed inside each of the first guide struts. The first guide struts and the second guide struts are distributed in the shape of a right triangle on the inner wall of the first supporting sleeve. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the existing technical solutions, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0011] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0012] Figure 2 It is a partial structural diagram of the positioning connection mechanism of the present invention;

[0013] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structural assembly of the positioning connection mechanism and the adjustment mechanism of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A magnified view of the structure of part A;

[0015] Figure 5 A partial structural cross-sectional view of the positioning connection mechanism and the adjustment mechanism of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5A magnified view of the structure of part B;

[0017] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the adjustment mechanism of the present invention.

[0018] In the figure: 1. Main body; 101. Cable tube body; 102. Sleeve reinforcement ring; 2. Positioning connection mechanism; 21. First supporting sleeve; 22. First guide strut; 23. Second guide strut; 24. Positioning block; 25. Positioning plug plate; 26. Adjusting disk; 27. First directional slide; 28. First directional connecting rod; 29. ​​Second supporting sleeve; 210. Second directional slide; 211. Second directional connecting rod; 212. Guide gear plate; 213. Adjusting gear; 3. Adjusting mechanism; 31. Elastic connecting frame; 32. Flexible strut; 33. First telescopic spring; 34. Second telescopic spring; 35. Synchronous frame; 36. Forward threaded screw; 37. Reverse threaded screw. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0020] See also Figure 1-7 As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a cable tube that is easy to construct. Figure 1 As shown, it includes a main body mechanism 1, the outer wall of the main body mechanism 1 is provided with a positioning connection mechanism 2, and one side of the positioning connection mechanism 2 is fixedly connected to an adjustment mechanism 3;

[0021] The main body 1 comprises at least two cable tube bodies 101, and the outer walls of the two cable tube bodies 101 are provided with a plurality of tube sleeve reinforcement rings 102. Figure 2 As shown, the positioning connection mechanism 2 includes two first supporting sleeves 21 respectively sleeved on the outer walls of the two cable tube bodies 101, and a plurality of first guide struts 22 are slidably installed inside the two first supporting sleeves 21. A second guide strut 23 perpendicular to the first guide struts 22 extending into the first supporting sleeve 21 is provided on one side thereof. Figure 3 As shown, a positioning block 24 is fixedly mounted on one end of each of the plurality of second guide struts 23 , and a plurality of positioning inserts 25 are provided on the outer wall of the positioning block 24 . The positioning inserts 25 are inserted into the interior of two adjacent pipe sleeve reinforcement rings 102 .

[0022] At the same time, combined Figure 3-4 and Figure 7 As shown, the adjustment mechanism 3 includes an elastic connection frame 31 hinged to one end of the second guide support rod 23 provided inside the two first supporting sleeves 21, Figure 6 As shown, the second guide support rod 23 is installed inside the first guide support rod 22 in a horizontal sliding state.

[0023] It can be understood that when docking two cable pipes of different specifications, the user can first sleeve the ends of the two cable pipe bodies 101 into the first supporting sleeve 21, and then move the first guide strut 22 toward the center of the first supporting sleeve 21, so that the second guide strut 23 moves toward the direction of the cable pipe body 101, until the positioning plug 25 set on the positioning block 24 is fitted and snapped into the interior of the pipe sleeve reinforcement ring 102, so that the ends of the cable pipe bodies 101 of different sizes can be limited together on the inner side of the first supporting sleeve 21 through the positioning connection mechanism 2, which greatly improves the adaptability between different specifications during the cable pipe docking construction and improves the working efficiency.

[0024] Further, refer to Figure 2-3 As shown, multiple sleeve reinforcement rings 102 are linearly and equidistantly arranged along the horizontal center line of the cable tube body 101. The purpose of this arrangement is to enhance the compressive strength of the module and facilitate the rapid splicing of the module. Multiple positioning plug-ins 25 are linearly and equidistantly arranged along the horizontal center line of the positioning block 24. The purpose of this arrangement is to increase the contact friction between the positioning block 24 and the cable tube body 101, so that when the multiple positioning plug-ins 25 are inserted between the sleeve reinforcement rings 102, their gripping force is stronger.

[0025] It should be noted that although the above technical solution can restrain the ends of two cable tubes of different specifications together and is suitable for most docking scenarios, it may not be applicable when the docking stability of the cable tubes is required to be high. To this end, the above solution can be further designed, as shown below:

[0026] Further, refer to Figure 2-3 As shown, the number of the first guide struts 22 is multiple, preferably three, and a second guide strut 23 perpendicular to the first guide struts 22 is slidably installed in each of the multiple first guide struts 22. The multiple first guide struts 22 and the second guide struts 23 are distributed in the shape of a right triangle on the inner wall of the first supporting sleeve 21. The multiple second guide struts 23 can also be arranged in a ring-shaped and equidistant state around the inner circumferential surface of the first supporting sleeve 21. The purpose of such an arrangement is that when the multiple corresponding positioning blocks 24 and positioning plug plates 25 are in contact with the cable tube body 101 and the pipe sleeve reinforcement ring 102, the overall force of the cable tube body 101 can be made more uniform, so that it is more stable when fixed and not easy to fall off.

[0027] Further, refer to Figure 2 and Figure 4As shown, an adjusting disk 26 is rotatably installed on one side of the first supporting sleeve 21, and a plurality of first directional sliding grooves 27 arranged in a through shape are opened inside the adjusting disk 26. A first directional connecting rod 28 fixedly connected to the first supporting sleeve 21 is slidably installed inside the first directional sliding groove 27, and a second supporting sleeve 29 is fixedly installed on the end of the first directional connecting rod 28 away from the first supporting sleeve 21; the purpose of such arrangement is to achieve dynamic adjustment and stable connection, wherein the curvature of the plurality of first directional sliding grooves 27 is consistent with the curvature of the adjusting disk 26, which not only ensures the fit between the components, but also avoids the misalignment of the first directional connecting rod 28 during rotation, and the center points of the plurality of first directional sliding grooves 27 are at the same position as the center point of the adjusting disk 26, so that smooth sliding is achieved during rotation, ensuring the smoothness and stability of the connection.

[0028] Furthermore, in combination Figure 6 As shown, one side of the adjustment disk 26 is provided with a plurality of second directional chute 210 arranged in a through shape, the curvature of the second directional chute 210 is inconsistent with the curvature of the adjustment disk 26, one end of the second directional chute 210 is close to the center of the adjustment disk 26, and the other end of the second directional chute 210 is away from the center of the adjustment disk 26; the inner cavities of the plurality of second directional chute 210 are all slidably mounted with a second directional connecting rod 211 fixedly connected to the first guide support rod 22, Figure 4 As shown, under normal circumstances, the second directional connecting rod 211 is located on the side of the second directional slide 210 away from the center of the adjusting disk 26. At this time, the length of the first guide strut 22 extending into the first supporting sleeve 21 is relatively short. In actual use, by rotating the adjusting disk 26, the second directional connecting rod 211 can be moved along the internal track of the adjusting disk 26, so that it gradually drives the first guide strut 22 to move toward the center of the adjusting disk 26, and at the same time adjusts the spacing of the elastic connecting frame 31. Among them, since the second directional connecting rod 211 is tightly matched with the internal track of the second directional slide 210, no shaking or loosening will occur during the sliding process, thereby ensuring that the device maintains structural stability during the adjustment process.

[0029] It can be understood that in actual use, by rotating the adjusting disk 26, the second directional connecting rod 211 can be moved along the internal trajectory of the adjusting disk 26, thereby gradually driving the first guide strut 22 to move toward the center of the circle of the adjusting disk 26. By moving multiple first guide struts 22 toward the center of the circle of the first supporting sleeve 21, the distances between multiple second guide struts 23 are made closer to each other until the positioning plug 25 set on the positioning block 24 on each second guide strut 23 is fitted and snapped into the interior of the pipe sleeve reinforcement ring 102. At this time, the first guide strut 22 and the second guide strut 23 can form a stable three-point support for the end of the cable tube. This design not only ensures that the cable tube body 101 can be evenly dispersed when subjected to force, avoiding concentrated stress from damaging the outer wall of the cable tube body 101, but also effectively reduces the loosening that may be caused by external force, making the cable tube docking more stable.

[0030] Optionally, a guide gear plate 212 is fixedly mounted on the adjustment disk 26 , and an adjustment gear 213 rotatably connected to the first supporting sleeve 21 is engaged on the guide gear plate 212 .

[0031] Specifically, refer to Figure 4 As shown, a guide gear plate 212 is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the adjusting disk 26, and an adjusting gear 213 is meshed on the outer wall of the guide gear plate 212 with a rotationally connected adjusting gear 213 which is connected to the first supporting sleeve 21. In actual use, by fixing the first supporting sleeve 21 and the second supporting sleeve 29, and then starting the adjusting gear 213 to rotate, the guide gear plate 212 can be synchronously driven to drive the adjusting disk 26 to deflect, thereby driving the multiple first guide struts 22 to displace so that the multiple second guide struts 23 and the positioning blocks 24 are limited and fixed on the outer wall of the cable tube body 101, thereby limiting and fixing the cable tube body 101. After the adjustment is completed, the meshing connection between the guide gear plate 212 and the adjusting gear 213 ensures that the adjusting disk 26 remains stable after the adjustment is completed.

[0032] Optionally, the adjusting gear 213 can be fixedly connected to the rotating screw, and the user can manually adjust the rotating screw to rotate, thereby allowing the adjusting gear 213 to adjust the adjusting disk 26. After the adjustment is completed, the rotating screw can be fixed and limited.

[0033] Preferably, an elastic connecting frame 31 is provided between the two corresponding second guide struts 23, and a synchronization frame 35 is fixedly connected to both sides of the elastic connecting frame 31. A flexible strut 32 and a first telescopic spring 33 are fixed on the inner wall of the elastic connecting frame 31, and a second telescopic spring 34 is fixed between the first guide strut 22 and the positioning block 24.

[0034] Specifically, referring to Figure 3As shown, each two second guide struts 23 arranged inside the two first supporting sleeves 21 are symmetrically arranged about the vertical center line of the elastic connecting frame 31, and a synchronous frame 35 is fixedly connected to both sides of the elastic connecting frame 31. In actual use, when the two sides of an elastic connecting frame 31 are forced to approach each other, the synchronous frame 35 can synchronously drive multiple elastic connecting frames 31 to move synchronously, and then synchronously drive the second guide struts 23 hinged to the multiple elastic connecting frames 31 to move. The purpose of such a setting is that the elastic connecting frame 31 serves as a horizontal fulcrum, and through the synchronous frames 35 symmetrically distributed at both ends, the alignment of the two cable tube bodies 101 is ensured in the process of pulling the two second guide struts 23 closer or farther away, and when the two second guide struts 23 move, due to the symmetrical layout, the force is evenly distributed in the entire device, preventing offset or distortion between the two cable tube bodies 101.

[0035] Furthermore, with reference to Figure 4 As shown, a flexible support rod 32 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the elastic connection frame 31, and a first telescopic spring 33 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the elastic connection frame 31 in a horizontal shape, and a second telescopic spring 34 is fixedly installed between the first guide support rod 22 and the positioning block 24; under normal circumstances, the first telescopic spring 33 is in an extended state to limit and lift the two sides of the elastic connection frame 31, so that the expansion angle on both sides of the elastic connection frame 31 is at the maximum state, and then the distance between the corresponding two second guide support rods 23 is far. In the static state, the first telescopic spring 33 serves as an internal fixed support, so that the two sides of the elastic connection frame 31 are in an expanded state, ensuring the initial stability of the connection of the cable tube body 101. When the spacing of the cable tube body 101 needs to be adjusted, the first telescopic spring 33 can be retracted to a certain extent, providing operating space for the contraction or expansion of the two ends of the elastic connection frame 31.

[0036] It can be understood that in actual use, by sliding the first guide strut 22 and adjusting the second guide strut 23, the positioning block 24 and the positioning plug plate 25 are engaged and fixed on the outer wall of the cable tube body 101 to form a stable three-point support. At this time, since the multiple first guide struts 22 and the second guide struts 23 move synchronously, the two cable tubes will be limited to the center position of the first supporting sleeve 21; afterwards, the user can adjust the distance between the two cable tube bodies 101 through the elastic connecting frame 31, and by causing the two sides of the elastic connecting frame 31 to undergo horizontal displacement toward each other, thereby driving the two The corresponding second guide struts 23 will be displaced horizontally toward each other, which can synchronously pull the two cable tube bodies 101 to move horizontally toward each other; since the multiple elastic connecting frames 31 and the synchronous frames 35 are symmetrically arranged between the two first supporting sleeves, when the distance between the two cable tube bodies 101 is adjusted by the elastic connecting frames 31, the two cable tube bodies 101 can always remain in a concentric state, making the subsequent connection and fixing of the two cable tube bodies 101 more stable, and can always keep the cables in the cable tube bodies straight, avoiding damage to the cables due to misalignment between the cable tube bodies.

[0037] Optionally, a forward threaded screw rod 36 and a reverse threaded screw rod 37 are respectively threadedly installed between the synchronization frames 35, and the forward threaded screw rod 36 and the reverse threaded screw rod 37 are fixedly connected.

[0038] Specifically, combined Figure 5 As shown, a forward-threaded screw rod 36 and a reverse-threaded screw rod 37 are respectively threadedly installed between the two synchronous frames 35. The forward-threaded screw rod 36 and the reverse-threaded screw rod 37 are fixedly connected. In actual use, by rotating the forward-threaded screw rod 36 and the reverse-threaded screw rod 37, the two synchronous frames 35 can be respectively translated on the two outer walls, thereby driving the two synchronous frames 35 to move closer to or away from each other, thereby synchronously driving the two second guide struts 23 connected to the elastic connection frame 31 to move respectively inside the first guide strut 22, thereby driving the cable tube bodies 101 arranged inside the two first supporting sleeves 21 to move closer to or away from each other. The threaded connection design between the synchronous frames 35 can flexibly adapt to different spacings between the cable tube bodies 101. Whether adjusting the tightness of the connection or changing the distance between the cable tube bodies 101, it can be completed by a rotation operation, which is very simple to operate and can also quickly complete the adjustment and fixation of the module during on-site construction. Preferably, multiple pairs of forward-threaded screw rods 36 and reverse-threaded screw rods 37 can be provided between the synchronous frames 35.

[0039] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cable conduit that is easy to construct, comprising a main body (1), characterized in that: The outer wall of the main body mechanism (1) is provided with a positioning connection mechanism (2), and one side of the positioning connection mechanism (2) is fixedly connected to an adjustment mechanism (3); The main body mechanism (1) comprises at least two cable tube bodies (101), the outer walls of the two cable tube bodies (101) are provided with a plurality of sleeve reinforcement rings (102), the positioning connection mechanism (2) comprises two first supporting sleeves (21) respectively sleeved on the outer walls of the two cable tube bodies (101), a plurality of first guide struts (22) are slidably mounted inside the two first supporting sleeves (21), a second guide strut (23) perpendicular to the first guide struts (22) is provided on one side of the plurality of first guide struts (22) extending into the interior of the first supporting sleeve (21), a positioning block (24) is fixedly mounted on one end of the plurality of second guide struts (23), and the outer wall of the positioning block (24) is provided with a plurality of first guide struts (22). A plurality of positioning plug plates (25) are provided, and the positioning plug plates (25) are inserted into the interior of two adjacent pipe sleeve reinforcement rings (102); the adjustment mechanism (3) includes an elastic connection frame (31) hingedly connected to one end of a second guide support rod (23) arranged inside two first supporting sleeves (21), an elastic connection frame (31) is provided between two corresponding second guide support rods (23), and synchronous frames (35) are fixedly connected to both sides of the elastic connection frame (31), a flexible support rod (32) and a first telescopic spring (33) are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the elastic connection frame (31), and a second telescopic spring (34) is fixedly installed between the first guide support rod (22) and the positioning block (24).

2. The cable tube for easy construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: A forward threaded screw rod (36) and a reverse threaded screw rod (37) are respectively threadedly installed between the synchronous frames (35), and the forward threaded screw rod (36) and the reverse threaded screw rod (37) are fixedly connected.

3. The cable tube for easy construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: An adjusting disk (26) is rotatably mounted on one side of the first supporting sleeve (21), and a plurality of first directional sliding grooves (27) arranged in a through-shaped manner are opened inside the adjusting disk (26). A first directional connecting rod (28) fixedly connected to the first supporting sleeve (21) is slidably mounted inside the first directional sliding groove (27), and a second supporting sleeve (29) is fixedly mounted on one end of the first directional connecting rod (28) away from the first supporting sleeve (21).

4. The cable tube for easy construction according to claim 3, characterized in that: A plurality of second directional chute (210) arranged in a through-shape is provided on one side of the adjustment disk (26); the curvature of the second directional chute (210) is inconsistent with the curvature of the adjustment disk (26); one end of the second directional chute (210) is close to the center of the adjustment disk (26), and the other end of the second directional chute (210) is away from the center of the adjustment disk (26); the inner cavities of the plurality of second directional chute (210) are all slidably mounted with a second directional connecting rod (211) fixedly connected to the first guide support rod (22).

5. The cable tube for easy construction according to claim 4, characterized in that: A guide gear plate (212) is fixedly mounted on the regulating disk (26), and an regulating gear (213) rotatably connected to the first supporting sleeve (21) is meshed on the guide gear plate (212).

6. The cable tube for easy construction according to claim 4, characterized in that: The number of the first guide struts (22) is three, and a second guide strut (23) perpendicular to the first guide struts (22) is slidably installed inside each of the first guide struts (22). The first guide struts (22) and the second guide struts (23) are distributed in the shape of a right triangle on the inner wall of the first supporting sleeve (21).