Device and method for converting isolated high-voltage pulse signal into 3.3 V signal

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of circuit design, in particular to a device and method for converting an isolated high-voltage pulse signal into a 3.3 V signal, and the device comprises the following modules: an isolated excitation signal conversion module which is used for converting a 400V high-voltage pulse signal output by a decoder into a low-voltage signal, and separating an excitation signal ground from a microcontroller ground; the logic level conversion module is a logic level conversion circuit, and after an optical coupler of the logic level conversion circuit is started, an output signal is a pulse signal of about 4V; the P0.1 pin of the microcontroller is connected with the output end of the phase inverter 74LVC2G06; according to the invention, the excitation range of 120V-400V is narrowed, and the interference of external factors on excitation signals is reduced as much as possible.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of circuit design, and in particular to a device and method for converting an isolated high-voltage pulse signal into a 3.3V signal. Background Art

[0002] During geological exploration operations, the detonation signal is triggered by the geological exploration BoomBox, an external excitation source that must follow a specific detonation process. The core detonation process for geological exploration electronic detonators is as follows: The seismic wave detection vehicle controls the encoder to generate a detonation command. This command is transmitted via the first radio to the second radio, and the decoder then outputs a 400V high-voltage pulse signal. This high-voltage signal is then transmitted to the detonator controller, where it is converted into a detonation bus signal, instantly detonating the explosives.

[0003] It's worth noting that the 400V high-voltage pulse signal output by the decoder presents compatibility issues with the low-voltage DC drive mode commonly used in electronic detonator initiator controllers. Since existing initiators cannot directly receive high-voltage pulse signals, the decoder's output signal must be recognized and converted. Furthermore, seismic exploration requires extremely high precision in the initiation delay of electronic detonators, requiring control within the microsecond range. During signal conversion, the response time of the excitation signal must be strictly considered to prevent signal delays and ensure that the electronic detonator can achieve precise and instantaneous detonation, meeting the technical requirements of geological exploration operations.

[0004] The existing level conversion method is to pass the 400V excitation signal through a voltage-stabilizing diode and a current-limiting resistor to obtain a stable 10V, and then use a series resistor voltage divider to obtain a 3.3V signal that can be recognized by the microcontroller.

[0005] Under normal circumstances, this method can detonate detonators according to the procedure. However, in practice, abnormal BoomBox conditions can occur. The existing 400V excitation signal ground is directly connected to the initiator ground, which can easily introduce noise interference to the output. In even worse cases, the BoomBox is damaged. This condition can cause the 400V output to continuously or intermittently output a voltage above 120V but less than 400V. Although this voltage is less than 10V after passing through the voltage regulator and voltage divider resistor, it can still activate the MOSFET (2N7002 MOSFET with a Vgs(th) of 1V) that controls the high-voltage detonation output. This can lead to a dangerous situation: detonation occurs even when it is expected, and the high-voltage detonation generated by the initiator is no longer controlled by the excitation signal provided by the operator, resulting in premature detonation. This poses a significant threat to the safety of personnel involved in the detonation operation and cannot guarantee the accuracy and integrity of the detonation process.

[0006] Therefore, a method is needed to narrow the excitation range of 120V to 400V and minimize the interference of external factors on the excitation signal. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an isolated high-voltage pulse signal to 3.3V signal conversion device and method, narrow the excitation range of 120V ~ 400V, and minimize the excitation signal from external factors.

[0008] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: An isolated high-voltage pulse signal to 3.3V signal conversion device, including the following modules: Isolated excitation signal conversion module: This module is used to convert the 400V high-voltage pulse signal output by the decoder into a low-voltage signal and separate the excitation signal ground from the microcontroller ground; Logic level conversion module, which is a logic level conversion circuit that converts 4V signals into safe voltage pulse signals recognized by 3.3V microcontrollers; The microcontroller is connected to the output terminal of the inverter 74LVC2G06.

[0009] As a further solution of the present invention: the isolated excitation signal conversion module includes: Transient voltage suppressor TVS1 clamps the input voltage peak, absorbs the transient energy of the high-voltage pulse, and protects the subsequent circuits; A rectifier bridge D1 that realizes polarity adaptation to ensure that the output voltage polarity is fixed; Current-limiting resistors R1 and R4 that limit the current through the circuit; Adjusting resistors R5, R6, and R2 for adjusting the range of the actual effective excitation voltage; MURA160T3 fast-recovery high-voltage diode that suppresses reverse current; The HCPL-0201-500E optocoupler achieves electrical isolation between input and output terminals and converts high-voltage pulses into low-voltage optical signals.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention: the two connection ends of the transient voltage suppressor TVS1 correspond to the first voltage input terminal HV-1 and the second voltage input terminal HV-2 of the input end of the access circuit respectively; the two ends of the transient voltage suppressor TVS1 are simultaneously connected to the AC1 and AC2 ports of the input end of the rectifier bridge D1.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention, the two connection terminals of the transient voltage suppressor TVS1 correspond to the first voltage input terminal HV-1 and the second voltage input terminal HV-2 of the input terminal of the access circuit, respectively. When a pulse voltage is input, the input voltage is clamped within 400V. The two ends of the transient voltage suppressor TVS1 are simultaneously connected to the AC1 and AC2 ports of the rectifier bridge D1 input, similarly limiting the voltage at the rectifier bridge input to below the 400V safety threshold, ensuring the normal and stable operation of the rectifier bridge.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention: the rectifier bridge D1 adopts a full-bridge rectifier bridge of model EABS24, the input end of the rectifier bridge D1 is connected in series with TVS1 and then connected to the AC side of the rectifier bridge, and the DC side is output to the current limiting resistor.

[0013] As a further solution of the present invention, MURA160T3 is connected in series with current-limiting resistors R1 and R4 and then connected to the input end of the optocoupler HCPL-0201-500E.

[0014] As a further solution of the present invention: the input end of the HCPL-0201-500E optocoupler is connected to the fast recovery high voltage diode MURA160T3, and the output end of the HCPL-0201-500E optocoupler is connected to the logic level conversion module.

[0015] As a further solution of the present invention, the optocoupler HCPL-0201-500E is activated when its built-in light-emitting diode passes a current of 1.6mA to 1.8mA. Connecting resistor R6 in parallel with the corresponding pin of the optocoupler allows the voltage TP1 across R6 to cooperate with the adjustment resistor R5 to generate the appropriate current required to activate the optocoupler when an activation signal is received.

[0016] As a further solution of the present invention: the logic level conversion module includes: The inverter 74LVC2G06 shapes the 4V pulse output by the optocoupler into a 3.3V square wave. The input end of the inverter 74LVC2G06 receives the pulse signal from the optocoupler; the output end of the inverter 74LVC2G06 is connected to the P0.1 pin of the microcontroller 30 to provide a converted logic level signal.

[0017] A method for converting an isolated high-voltage pulse signal into a 3.3V signal comprises the following steps: The isolated excitation signal conversion module is used to convert the excitation high-voltage pulse signal into a low-voltage signal and separate the excitation signal ground from the microcontroller ground. The full-bridge rectifier used in the circuit has a power supply polarity adaptive function; it automatically identifies and adjusts to ensure that the output end always outputs a voltage with a fixed polarity. The optocoupler HCPL-0201-500E turns on when its built-in light-emitting diode passes a current of 1.6mA to 1.8mA. Connecting resistor R6 in parallel with the corresponding pin of the optocoupler allows the voltage across R6, TP1, and adjustment resistor R5 to generate the appropriate current required to turn on the optocoupler when an excitation signal is received. According to actual application requirements, it is necessary to ensure that the actual effective excitation voltage range is between 390V and 400V; the actual effective excitation voltage range is determined by the current value range required to turn on the optocoupler and the resistors R5, R6, and R2. The lower limit of this range can be infinitely approached to 400V by adjusting the resistors R5, R6, and R2.

[0018] Beneficial effects of the present invention: An isolated high-voltage excitation signal conversion device and method for geological exploration electronic detonators are proposed by using optocouplers to isolate the excitation voltage and the initiator. The device narrows the excitation range from 120V to 400V, minimizes the interference of external factors on the excitation signal, greatly shortens the actual effective excitation voltage range, separates the excitation signal ground from the microcontroller ground, and eliminates common ground interference.

[0019] It provides certain help in ensuring the logic and integrity of the geological exploration electronic detonator detonation process, and strengthens the safety of life and property of personnel involved in geological exploration operations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a circuit block diagram of a device for converting an isolated high-voltage pulse signal to a 3.3V signal according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1

[0023] Figure 1This is a flow chart of an isolated high-voltage pulse signal to 3.3V signal conversion device provided in Example 1 of the present invention. The device of the embodiment of the present invention narrows the excitation range of 120V to 400V and minimizes interference of the excitation signal by external factors.

[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides an isolated high-voltage pulse signal to 3.3V signal conversion device, including the following modules: Isolated excitation signal conversion module 10: This module is used to convert the 400V high-voltage pulse signal output by the decoder into a low-voltage signal and separate the excitation signal ground from the microcontroller ground. The module contains: The transient voltage suppressor TVS1 clamps the input voltage peak (within 400V), absorbs the transient energy of the high-voltage pulse, and protects the subsequent circuit. The two connection terminals of the transient voltage suppressor TVS1 correspond to the first voltage input terminal HV-1 and the second voltage input terminal HV-2 of the input terminal of the circuit. The two ends of the transient voltage suppressor TVS1 are also connected to the AC1 and AC2 ports of the input terminal of the rectifier bridge D1. Transient voltage suppressor (TVS1) plays a crucial dual role in circuit protection. First, its two terminals connect to the circuit input terminals (HV-1 and HV-2). When a pulse voltage is applied, it quickly clamps the input voltage to below 400V, effectively preventing damage to the circuit caused by excessive pulse voltage. Second, its two terminals are connected to the AC1 and AC2 terminals of the rectifier bridge D1, similarly limiting the voltage at the rectifier bridge input to below the 400V safety threshold, ensuring the normal and stable operation of the rectifier bridge.

[0025] Polarity adaptation is achieved to ensure that the output voltage polarity is fixed for the rectifier bridge D1. The rectifier bridge D1 uses a full-bridge rectifier bridge model EABS24. The input end of the rectifier bridge D1 is connected in series with TVS1 and then connected to the AC side of the rectifier bridge. The DC side output is connected to the current limiting resistor. The full-bridge rectifier used in the circuit features adaptive power polarity. Regardless of the polarity of the external input power supply, whether forward or reverse, the full-bridge rectifier automatically detects and adjusts its internal structure to ensure that the output terminal always outputs a voltage with a fixed polarity. This design greatly simplifies circuit connection operations. Users no longer need to carefully distinguish and consider the polarity of the input pins when connecting to the power supply, significantly improving the convenience and reliability of the circuit. Current-limiting resistors R1 and R4 limit the current passing through the circuit; the current-limiting resistors R1 and R4 are connected in series between the output end of the rectifier bridge D1 and the fast recovery high-voltage diode MURA160T3; more specifically, the first end of the current-limiting resistor R1 is directly connected to the positive output end of the rectifier bridge D1 (after being clamped by TVS1), and the last end of the current-limiting resistor R4 is connected to the anode of the fast recovery diode MURA160T3. The end of the current-limiting resistor R1 and the beginning of the current-limiting resistor R4 intersect at node N1. A transient suppression diode TVS2 is connected in parallel to node N1, and the cathode of TVS2 is connected to the input ground. Among them, the function of the current limiting resistors R1 and R4 is to limit the current passing through the circuit and protect subsequent components from the impact of excessive current.

[0026] Adjustment resistors R5, R6, and R2 are used to adjust the range of the actual effective excitation voltage. Adjustment resistors R5, R6, and R2 are connected to the input of the optocoupler HCPL-0201-500E. More specifically, one end of adjustment resistor R5 is connected to the power supply / ground, and the other end of adjustment resistor R5 is connected to the signal node. Adjustment resistor R6 is fixedly connected to the reference voltage, and the sliding end of adjustment resistor R6 outputs a continuous voltage. Adjustment resistor R2 is connected in series with the front end of a sensitive device (such as an MCU pin). Among them, the role of adjusting resistors R5, R6, and R2 is to adjust the range of the actual effective excitation voltage to ensure that the optocoupler can be triggered to turn on only within a specific voltage range; The MURA160T3, a fast-recovery, high-voltage diode that suppresses reverse current, is connected in series with current-limiting resistors R1 and R4 and then connected to the input of the optocoupler HCPL-0201-500E. This fast-recovery, high-voltage diode suppresses reverse current, ensuring stable operation of the circuit under high-voltage pulse signals and preventing reverse voltage from damaging the optocoupler.

[0027] The HCPL-0201-500E optocoupler achieves electrical isolation (3000VDC) between the input and output terminals, converting high-voltage pulses into low-voltage optical signals. The input of the HCPL-0201-500E optocoupler is connected to a fast-recovery, high-voltage diode (MURA160T3), while the output is connected to a logic-level conversion module. The HCPL-0201-500E optocoupler activates when a current of 1.6mA to 1.8mA flows through its built-in light-emitting diode. Resistor R6 is connected in parallel with the corresponding pin of the optocoupler. When an excitation signal arrives, the voltage across R6 (TP1) and the adjustment resistor R5 generate the appropriate current required to activate the optocoupler. The HCPL-0201-500E optocoupler achieves electrical isolation, isolating the high-voltage pulse signal from the low-voltage circuit. It also switches the output on or off based on the input current (within a certain range), thereby converting the signal.

[0028] It should be noted that the isolated excitation signal conversion module 10 needs to ensure that the actual effective excitation voltage range is between 390V and 400V according to actual application requirements (due to the existence of TVS1, the voltage above 400V is not discussed, and it is only guaranteed that voltages below 390V cannot be excited). The actual effective excitation voltage range is determined by the current value range required for the optocoupler to turn on and the resistors R5, R6, and R2. In theory, the lower limit of this range can be infinitely close to 400V by adjusting the resistors R5, R6, and R2. Figure 1 In the example, selecting R2 155Ω, R5 180Ω, and R6 0.68Ω can make the actual effective excitation voltage between 394.7V and 400V. In summary, through the connection and coordination of the above components, the isolated excitation signal conversion module 10 can effectively convert the high-voltage pulse signal into a low-voltage signal and achieve electrical isolation, providing a stable and reliable signal input for subsequent logic level conversion and microcontroller recognition. Furthermore, the device for converting isolated high-voltage pulse signals to 3.3V signals also includes the following modules: The logic level conversion module is a logic level conversion circuit 20. When the optocoupler is turned on, the output signal of the logic level conversion circuit 20 is a pulse signal of about 4V. This signal is not suitable for directly inputting into a 3.3V microcontroller. Therefore, the signal is input into the inverter 74LVC2G06. After two inverse rectifications, a 3.3V square wave is obtained. In this way, the 4V signal is converted into a safe voltage pulse signal that can be recognized by the 3.3V microcontroller. Finally, the P0.1 pin of the microcontroller recognizes this signal and uses it as the basis for determining the arrival of the excitation signal. The logic level conversion module includes: Inverter 74LVC2G06 shapes the 4V pulse output of the optocoupler into a 3.3V square wave. The input of inverter 74LVC2G06 receives the pulse signal from the optocoupler. The output of inverter 74LVC2G06 is connected to pin P0.1 of microcontroller 30, providing the converted logic level signal. The main function of inverter 74LVC2G06 is to shape and level-shift the pulse signal output by the optocoupler. It converts the optocoupler output signal, which may be irregular or not meet the microcontroller's level requirements, into a standard 3.3V square wave signal. Inverter 74LVC2G06 also provides a signal inversion function, that is, when the input is high, the output is low, and when the input is low, the output is high (however, in this application, its level shifting function is more important). Pull-up resistors R7 and R8 provide stable signal levels. More specifically, one end of pull-up resistor R7 is connected to the power supply VCC (3.3V) and the other end to the inverter input (pin 1A). Pull-up resistor R7 is located between the optocoupler output and the inverter. Pull-up resistor R7 clamps the floating signal of the optocoupler (open-collector output) to a high level (3.3V) to prevent false triggering caused by idle voltage drift. One end of pull-up resistor R8 is connected to the power supply VCC (3.3V) and the other end to the inverter output (pin 2Y). Pull-up resistor R8 is located between the output of the second-stage inverter and the MCU. Pull-up resistor R8 improves the load capacity of the inverter output signal, ensuring a steep rise even with long traces or large MCU input capacitance. That is, the pull-up resistors R7 and R8 are used to ensure that the output terminal of the inverter can provide a stable level signal when it is in an idle or low level state, thereby preventing the output terminal from being left floating and causing an uncertain state.

[0029] Furthermore, the device for converting isolated high-voltage pulse signals to 3.3V signals also includes the following modules: Microcontroller 30, P0.1 pin of microcontroller 30 is connected to the output end of inverter 74LVC2G06; The technical solution of this embodiment: The isolated excitation signal conversion module 10 is used to convert the excitation high-voltage pulse signal into a low-voltage signal, and separate the excitation signal ground from the microcontroller ground.

[0030] The full-bridge rectifier used in this circuit features adaptive power polarity. Regardless of the polarity of the external input power supply, whether forward or reverse, the full-bridge rectifier automatically detects and adjusts to ensure a constant output voltage polarity. This design greatly simplifies circuit connection, eliminating the need to carefully identify and consider input pin polarity when connecting the power supply, significantly improving the circuit's ease of use and reliability.

[0031] The optocoupler HCPL-0201-500E turns on when its built-in light-emitting diode (LED) passes a current of 1.6mA to 1.8mA. Connecting resistor R6 in parallel with the corresponding pin of the optocoupler allows the voltage across R6 (TP1) to combine with adjustment resistor R5 to generate the appropriate current required to turn on the optocoupler when an excitation signal is received.

[0032] To meet actual application requirements, ensure that the effective excitation voltage range is between 390V and 400V. This range is determined by the current required to turn on the optocoupler and resistors R5, R6, and R2. Theoretically, the lower limit of this range can be approached to 400V by adjusting resistors R5, R6, and R2. Choosing R2 155Ω, R5 180Ω, and R6 0.68Ω results in an effective excitation voltage between 394.7V and 400V.

[0033] Logic level conversion circuit 20: The signal output by the optocoupler after it is turned on is a pulse signal of about 4V. This signal is not suitable for directly entering a 3.3V microcontroller, so the signal is introduced into the inverter 74LVC2G06. After two inverse rectifications, a 3.3V square wave is obtained. In this way, the 4V signal is converted into a safe voltage pulse signal that can be recognized by the 3.3V microcontroller. Finally, the P0.1 pin of the microcontroller recognizes the signal and uses it as the basis for judging the arrival of the excitation signal. Example 2

[0034] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for converting an isolated high-voltage pulse signal into a 3.3V signal, comprising the following steps: The isolated excitation signal conversion module 10 converts the high-voltage excitation pulse signal into a low-voltage signal and separates the excitation signal ground from the microcontroller ground. The full-bridge rectifier used in the circuit features adaptive power supply polarity. Due to its internal structural characteristics, the full-bridge rectifier automatically identifies and adjusts to ensure that the output terminal always outputs a voltage of fixed polarity.

[0035] The optocoupler HCPL-0201-500E turns on when its built-in light-emitting diode (LED) passes a current of 1.6mA to 1.8mA. Connecting resistor R6 in parallel with the corresponding pin of the optocoupler allows the voltage across R6 (TP1) to combine with adjustment resistor R5 to generate the appropriate current required to turn on the optocoupler when an excitation signal is received.

[0036] Based on actual application requirements, the effective excitation voltage must be between 390V and 400V. (Voltage values ​​above 400V are not discussed due to the presence of TVS1; we only guarantee that voltages below 390V will not trigger the device.) The effective excitation voltage range is determined by the current range required to turn on the optocoupler and resistors R5, R6, and R2. Theoretically, the lower limit of this range can be brought as close to 400V as possible by adjusting resistors R5, R6, and R2.

[0037] The signal output by the optocoupler after it is turned on is a pulse signal of about 4V. This signal is not suitable for directly entering the 3.3V microcontroller, so the signal is introduced into the inverter 74LVC2G06. After two reverse rectifications, a 3.3V square wave is obtained. In this way, the 4V signal is converted into a safe voltage pulse signal that can be recognized by the 3.3V microcontroller. Finally, the P0.1 pin of the microcontroller recognizes the signal and uses it as the basis for judging the arrival of the excitation signal.

[0038] The above is a detailed description of an embodiment of the present invention. However, the content described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be considered to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and improvements made within the scope of the present invention should still fall within the scope of the patent coverage of the present invention.

Claims

1. An isolated high-voltage pulse signal to 3.3V signal conversion device, characterized in that: Includes the following modules: Isolated excitation signal conversion module (10): This module is used to convert the 400V high-voltage pulse signal output by the decoder into a low-voltage signal and separate the excitation signal ground from the microcontroller ground; A logic level conversion module, wherein the logic level conversion module is a logic level conversion circuit (20), and the logic level conversion circuit (20) converts a 4V signal into a safe voltage pulse signal recognized by a 3.3V microcontroller; The microcontroller (30) is connected to the output end of the inverter 74LVC2G06.

2. The device for converting an isolated high-voltage pulse signal to a 3.3V signal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The isolated excitation signal conversion module (10) comprises: Transient voltage suppressor TVS1 clamps the input voltage peak, absorbs the transient energy of the high-voltage pulse, and protects the subsequent circuits; A rectifier bridge D1 that realizes polarity adaptation to ensure that the output voltage polarity is fixed; Current-limiting resistors R1 and R4 that limit the current through the circuit; Adjusting resistors R5, R6, and R2 for adjusting the range of the actual effective excitation voltage; MURA160T3 fast-recovery high-voltage diode that suppresses reverse current; The HCPL-0201-500E optocoupler achieves electrical isolation between input and output terminals and converts high-voltage pulses into low-voltage optical signals.

3. The device for converting an isolated high-voltage pulse signal to a 3.3V signal according to claim 2, characterized in that: The two connection ends of the transient voltage suppressor TVS1 correspond to the first voltage input terminal HV-1 and the second voltage input terminal HV-2 of the input end of the access circuit respectively; the two ends of the transient voltage suppressor TVS1 are simultaneously connected to the AC1 and AC2 ports of the input end of the rectifier bridge D1.

4. The device for converting an isolated high-voltage pulse signal to a 3.3V signal according to claim 2, characterized in that: The two connection terminals of transient voltage suppressor TVS1 correspond to the first voltage input terminal HV-1 and the second voltage input terminal HV-2 of the access circuit input terminal, respectively. When there is a pulse voltage input, the input voltage is clamped within 400V. The two ends of transient voltage suppressor TVS1 are simultaneously connected to the AC1 and AC2 ports of the rectifier bridge D1 input terminal, similarly limiting the voltage at the rectifier bridge input terminal to below the 400V safety threshold, ensuring the normal and stable operation of the rectifier bridge.

5. The device for converting an isolated high-voltage pulse signal to a 3.3V signal according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rectifier bridge D1 uses a full-bridge rectifier bridge model EABS24. The input end of the rectifier bridge D1 is connected in series with TVS1 and then connected to the AC side of the rectifier bridge, and the DC side is output to the current limiting resistor.

6. The device for converting an isolated high-voltage pulse signal to a 3.3V signal according to claim 2, characterized in that: MURA160T3 is connected in series with current-limiting resistors R1 and R4 and then connected to the input of the optocoupler HCPL-0201-500E.

7. The device for converting an isolated high-voltage pulse signal to a 3.3V signal according to claim 2, characterized in that: The input end of the HCPL-0201-500E optocoupler is connected to the fast-recovery high-voltage diode MURA160T3, and the output end of the HCPL-0201-500E optocoupler is connected to the logic level conversion module.

8. The device for converting an isolated high-voltage pulse signal to a 3.3V signal according to claim 2, characterized in that: The optocoupler HCPL-0201-500E turns on when its built-in light-emitting diode passes a current of 1.6mA to 1.8mA. Connecting resistor R6 in parallel with the corresponding pin of the optocoupler allows the voltage across R6 (TP1) to combine with the adjustment resistor R5 to generate the current required to turn on the optocoupler when the excitation signal arrives.

9. The device for converting an isolated high-voltage pulse signal to a 3.3V signal according to claim 2, characterized in that: ‌Logic level conversion module includes: The inverter 74LVC2G06 shapes the 4V pulse output by the optocoupler into a 3.3V square wave. The input end of the inverter 74LVC2G06 receives the pulse signal from the optocoupler; the output end of the inverter 74LVC2G06 is connected to the P0.1 pin of the microcontroller 30 to provide a converted logic level signal.

10. A method for converting an isolated high-voltage pulse signal into a 3.3V signal, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The isolated excitation signal conversion circuit (10) is used to convert the excitation high-voltage pulse signal into a low-voltage signal and separate the excitation signal ground from the microcontroller ground. The full-bridge rectifier bridge used in the circuit has a power supply polarity adaptive function; it automatically identifies and adjusts to ensure that the output end always outputs a voltage with a fixed polarity. The optocoupler HCPL-0201-500E turns on when its built-in light-emitting diode passes a current of 1.6mA to 1.8mA. Connecting resistor R6 in parallel with the corresponding pin of the optocoupler, when an excitation signal arrives, the voltage across R6 (TP1) and the adjustment resistor R5 combine to generate the current required to turn on the optocoupler. According to actual application requirements, it is necessary to ensure that the actual effective excitation voltage range is between 390V and 400V; the actual effective excitation voltage range is determined by the current value range required to turn on the optocoupler and the resistors R5, R6, and R2. The lower limit of this range can be infinitely approached to 400V by adjusting the resistors R5, R6, and R2.

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