Time-frequency deviation data processing method, device and electronic equipment

Abstract

This specification provides a time-frequency offset data processing method, apparatus, and electronic device, applicable to the field of satellite communication technology. After acquiring time-frequency offset estimation data for the first time of communication between the terminal and the satellite, the base station can first detect whether the difference between the first time and the second time at the time of the previous time-frequency offset adjustment is greater than a preset prohibition period. If the difference between the first time and the second time is greater than or equal to the preset prohibition period, a corresponding time-frequency offset adjustment command is generated based on the time-frequency offset estimation data for the first time to adjust the terminal's time-frequency offset accordingly. Conversely, if the difference between the first time and the second time is less than the preset prohibition period, the time-frequency offset estimation data for the first time is ignored and no processing is performed. This approach can better adapt to high-latency scenarios in satellite-to-ground transmission, effectively avoiding excessive accumulation of adjustment due to latency, and enabling timely and accurate time-frequency offset adjustment for satellite-to-ground transmission.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This specification pertains to the field of satellite communication technology, and particularly relates to time and frequency offset data processing methods, apparatuses, and electronic equipment. Background Technology

[0002] In satellite communication systems, the wireless signals emitted by the transmitting terminal need to be relayed by satellite before they can be received by the receiving terminal. The propagation distance of these wireless signals is typically much greater than that of terrestrial communication systems.

[0003] Based on existing time-frequency offset adjustment methods, due to the long propagation distance of wireless signals and the influence of propagation delay, it is easy for the adjustment amount of the transmitted signal to accumulate excessively during the time-frequency offset adjustment process, which leads to the deterioration of system performance and affects the stability of the system and the communication quality of the terminal. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This specification provides a time-frequency offset data processing method, apparatus, and electronic device that can be well adapted to the large time-delay scenario of satellite-to-ground transmission, effectively avoid excessive accumulation of adjustment due to time delay, and can realize timely and accurate time-frequency offset adjustment of satellite-to-ground transmission, thereby improving the communication quality based on satellite-to-ground transmission.

[0005] This specification provides a method for processing time-frequency offset data, including:

[0006] Acquire the time-frequency offset estimation data between the terminal and the satellite at the first time; wherein, the first time is the reception time of the reference signal;

[0007] When the difference between the first time and the second time is greater than or equal to a preset prohibition duration for adjustment, a time-frequency offset adjustment instruction is generated based on the time-frequency offset estimation data of the first time; wherein, the time-frequency offset adjustment instruction is used for time-frequency offset adjustment of the terminal, and the second time is the time of the previous time-frequency offset adjustment that is adjacent to the first time; the time-frequency offset adjustment instruction includes: a time offset adjustment instruction and / or a frequency offset adjustment instruction; the time offset adjustment instruction includes: a timing advance instruction (TAC); the frequency offset adjustment instruction includes: a frequency alignment instruction (FAC); the preset prohibition duration for adjustment includes: a preset time offset prohibition duration for adjustment, and / or, a preset frequency offset prohibition duration for adjustment;

[0008] When a preset trigger condition is met, the time-frequency offset adjustment command is sent to the terminal; the preset trigger condition includes: the difference between the first time and the start time of the corresponding adjustment period is equal to or greater than the preset adjustment period; and / or, the time-frequency offset adjustment amount indicated by the time-frequency offset adjustment command exceeds the preset adjustment amount range.

[0009] In one embodiment, the time-frequency offset estimation data includes: time offset estimation data and / or frequency offset estimation data.

[0010] In one embodiment, the time offset estimation data includes: instantaneous time offset estimate; the frequency offset estimation data includes: instantaneous frequency offset estimate.

[0011] In one embodiment, obtaining the time-frequency offset estimation data between the terminal and the satellite at the first moment includes:

[0012] Acquire a reference signal; wherein the reference signal includes: a detection reference signal SRS and / or a demodulation reference signal DMRS;

[0013] Based on the reference signal, the time-frequency offset estimation data for the first time period is determined.

[0014] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0015] When the difference between the first time and the second time is less than the preset prohibited adjustment duration, the time-frequency offset estimation data of the first time is ignored.

[0016] In one embodiment, when the difference between the first time and the second time is greater than or equal to a preset period for prohibiting adjustment, the method further includes:

[0017] When the estimated time-frequency offset data of the first time exceeds the preset range of estimated data values, it is determined that the estimated time-frequency offset data of the first time is abnormal, and the estimated time-frequency offset data of the first time is ignored.

[0018] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0019] When the estimated time-frequency offset data at the first time point falls within the preset range of estimated data values, the time-frequency offset adjustment command is generated based on the estimated time-frequency offset data at the first time point.

[0020] In one embodiment, generating a time-frequency offset adjustment command based on the time-frequency offset estimation data of the first time includes:

[0021] The time-frequency offset estimation data of the first time point is smoothed using a preset smoothing coefficient to obtain smoothed time-frequency offset estimation data.

[0022] The time-frequency offset adjustment command is generated based on the smoothed time-frequency offset estimation data.

[0023] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0024] When the first observation period is elapsed, the signal transmission distance between the terminal and the satellite is obtained;

[0025] The preset duration for which adjustment is prohibited is updated based on the signal transmission distance between the terminal and the satellite.

[0026] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0027] When the second observation time interval is reached, obtain the time-frequency offset estimation data within the current second observation time interval;

[0028] The preset smoothing coefficient is updated based on the time-frequency offset estimation data within the current second observation period.

[0029] This specification also provides a time-frequency offset data processing device, including:

[0030] The acquisition module is used to acquire the time-frequency offset estimation data between the terminal and the satellite at the first time; wherein, the first time is the reception time of the reference signal;

[0031] A generation module is configured to generate a time-frequency offset adjustment instruction based on the time-frequency offset estimation data of the first time when the difference between the first time and the second time is greater than or equal to a preset prohibition adjustment duration; wherein, the time-frequency offset adjustment instruction is used for time-frequency offset adjustment of the terminal, and the second time is the time of the previous time-frequency offset adjustment adjacent to the first time; the time-frequency offset adjustment instruction includes: a time offset adjustment instruction and / or a frequency offset adjustment instruction; the time offset adjustment instruction includes: a timing advance instruction (TAC); the frequency offset adjustment instruction includes: a frequency alignment instruction (FAC); the preset prohibition adjustment duration includes: a preset time offset prohibition adjustment duration, and / or, a preset frequency offset prohibition adjustment duration;

[0032] The sending module is used to send the time-frequency offset adjustment command to the terminal when a preset trigger condition is met; the preset trigger condition includes: the difference between the first time and the start time of the corresponding adjustment period is equal to or greater than the preset adjustment period; and / or, the time-frequency offset adjustment amount indicated by the time-frequency offset adjustment command exceeds a preset adjustment amount range.

[0033] This specification also provides an electronic device, including a processor and a memory for storing processor-executable instructions, wherein the processor, when executing the instructions, implements the steps of the time-frequency offset data processing method.

[0034] This specification also provides a computer-readable storage medium having computer instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the time-frequency offset data processing method.

[0035] This specification also provides a computer program product comprising a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the time-frequency offset data processing method.

[0036] Based on the time-frequency offset data processing method, apparatus, and electronic equipment provided in this specification, after acquiring the estimated time-frequency offset data for the first time during terminal-satellite communication, the base station can first detect whether the difference between the first time and the second time during the previous time-frequency offset adjustment is greater than a preset prohibited adjustment duration. When the difference between the first time and the second time is greater than or equal to the preset prohibited adjustment duration, a corresponding time-frequency offset adjustment command is generated based on the estimated time-frequency offset data for the first time. When a preset trigger condition is met, the time-frequency offset adjustment command is sent to the terminal to perform corresponding time-frequency offset adjustments. This approach can better adapt to high-latency scenarios in satellite-to-ground transmission, effectively avoid excessive accumulation of adjustments due to latency, and ensure system stability while achieving timely and accurate time-frequency offset adjustments for satellite-to-ground transmission, thereby improving the communication quality based on satellite-to-ground transmission. Attached Figure Description

[0037] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of this specification, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. The drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this specification. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0038] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a time-frequency offset data processing method provided in one embodiment of this specification;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of the time-frequency offset data processing method provided in this specification, applied in a scenario example.

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of the time-frequency offset data processing method provided in this specification, applied in a scenario example.

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structural composition of an electronic device provided in one embodiment of this specification;

[0042] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structural composition of a time-frequency offset data processing device provided in one embodiment of this specification;

[0043] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of the time-frequency offset data processing method provided in this specification, applied in a scenario example.

[0044] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of the time-frequency offset data processing method provided in this specification, applied in a scenario example.

[0045] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of the time-frequency offset data processing method provided in this specification, applied in a scenario example.

[0046] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of the time-frequency offset data processing method provided in this specification, applied in a scenario example.

[0047] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of the time-frequency offset data processing method provided in this specification, applied in a scenario example.

[0048] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating one embodiment of the time-frequency offset data processing method provided in this specification, applied in a scenario example. Detailed Implementation

[0049] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this specification, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this specification will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this specification, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this specification, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of this specification.

[0050] It should be noted that the information and data related to users involved in the embodiments of this specification are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by the relevant parties. Furthermore, the collection, storage, use, processing, transmission, provision, disclosure, and application of the relevant data all comply with relevant laws, regulations, and standards, and necessary confidentiality measures have been taken. They do not violate public order and good morals, and corresponding operation entry points are provided for users or relevant parties to choose to authorize or refuse.

[0051] It should also be noted that in the embodiments of this specification, certain software, components, models and other existing solutions in the industry may be mentioned. These should be regarded as exemplary and are only intended to illustrate the feasibility of implementing the technical solution of this application. However, it does not mean that the applicant has used or necessarily used the solution.

[0052] See Figure 1 As shown in the embodiments of this specification, a time-frequency offset data processing method is provided. In specific implementation, this method may include the following:

[0053] S101: Obtain the time-frequency offset estimation data between the terminal and the satellite at the first time; wherein, the first time is the reception time of the reference signal;

[0054] S102: When the difference between the first time and the second time is greater than or equal to a preset prohibition duration for adjustment, a time-frequency offset adjustment instruction is generated based on the time-frequency offset estimation data of the first time; wherein, the time-frequency offset adjustment instruction is used for the time-frequency offset adjustment of the terminal, and the second time is the time of the previous time-frequency offset adjustment that is adjacent to the first time; the time-frequency offset adjustment instruction includes: a time offset adjustment instruction and / or a frequency offset adjustment instruction; the time offset adjustment instruction includes: a timing advance instruction (TAC); the frequency offset adjustment instruction includes: a frequency alignment instruction (FAC); the preset prohibition duration for adjustment includes: a preset time offset prohibition duration for adjustment, and / or, a preset frequency offset prohibition duration for adjustment;

[0055] S103: When a preset triggering condition is met, the time-frequency offset adjustment command is sent to the terminal; the preset triggering condition includes: the difference between the first time and the start time of the corresponding adjustment period is equal to or greater than the preset adjustment period; and / or, the time-frequency offset adjustment amount indicated by the time-frequency offset adjustment command exceeds the preset adjustment amount range.

[0056] Specifically, the aforementioned time-frequency offset data processing method can be applied to the base station side.

[0057] Specifically, the aforementioned base stations can be satellite-based base stations deployed on satellites. In some cases, depending on the specific circumstances and processing requirements, the aforementioned time-frequency offset data processing method can also be applied to the ground base station side.

[0058] The aforementioned terminal can be understood as an electronic device with communication functions that accesses a satellite-to-ground transmission network.

[0059] Specifically, the aforementioned terminal can be either a sending terminal or a receiving terminal. For example, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2 As shown, based on satellite-to-ground transmission, the signal emitted by the transmitting terminal can be forwarded by the satellite-borne base station and sent to the receiving terminal.

[0060] Specifically, the aforementioned terminal may include an electronic device applied to the user side, capable of data acquisition, data transmission, and other functions. Examples of such terminals include smartphones, satellite phones, tablet computers, and so on.

[0061] The aforementioned first time can specifically refer to the time of receiving the reference signal.

[0062] Specifically, for example, a base station can receive reported reference signals in real time or at regular intervals. Each time a reference signal is received, the base station can be triggered to perform time-frequency offset estimation based on the received reference signal to obtain the first-time time-frequency offset estimation data between the terminal and the satellite. The reference signal received by the base station in a single instance can be a reference signal at a single time point. In some cases, the reference signal received in a single instance can also include reference signals from multiple time points.

[0063] Specifically, the second time can be the time point before the first time when the base station last sent a time-frequency offset adjustment command to the terminal to adjust the time-frequency offset of the terminal, that is, the time of the last time-frequency offset adjustment that is adjacent to the first time.

[0064] In practice, when the terminal first connects to the satellite, and the base station receives the reported reference signal or the preamble sent by the terminal for the first time, it does not need to check whether it is greater than or equal to the preset prohibition duration for adjustment. Instead, it directly generates the first time-frequency offset adjustment command based on the reference signal and sends this command to the terminal to perform the first time-frequency offset adjustment. The specific time for this first time-frequency offset adjustment can be the time point when the terminal first receives the reference signal after connecting to the satellite. Specifically, when sending the first time-frequency offset adjustment command, a Random Access Response (RAR) can be used to send the command to the terminal to perform the first time-frequency offset adjustment.

[0065] The aforementioned time-frequency offset adjustment command can be understood as a type of instruction data used to instruct the terminal to perform time-frequency adjustment. Furthermore, the aforementioned time-frequency offset adjustment command can also indicate a specific time-frequency offset adjustment amount.

[0066] The aforementioned preset time limit for prohibiting adjustment can be understood as a time threshold determined based on the signal transmission distance between the terminal and the satellite, taking into account the satellite-to-ground transmission delay.

[0067] Specifically, the preset duration for prohibiting adjustment can be determined based on the signal transmission distance between the terminal and the satellite; alternatively, the preset duration for prohibiting adjustment can be determined based on the transmission distance between the terminal and the satellite, combined with the redundancy duration during the adjustment process.

[0068] The preset duration that cannot be adjusted can be a static, fixed duration or a dynamically adjustable duration.

[0069] In practice, the base station can first estimate the time-frequency offset by detecting and analyzing the channel state between the terminal and the satellite based on the received reference signal, and then determine the estimated time-frequency offset data between the terminal and the satellite at the first time. Then, it can detect whether the difference between the first time and the second time is greater than the preset prohibition adjustment duration to obtain the corresponding detection result.

[0070] Based on the detection results, when the difference between the first and second times is less than the preset prohibited adjustment duration, it can be determined that the time interval between the most recent time-frequency adjustment command sent to the terminal before the first time and the first time itself is short. Due to the long latency of satellite-to-ground transmission, the terminal has not yet had time to respond to the most recent time-frequency offset adjustment command and complete the relevant time-frequency offset adjustment in the first time. In this case, if a new time-frequency adjustment command is sent to the terminal, there is a high risk that the terminal will repeatedly perform time-frequency adjustments, leading to excessive accumulation of adjustment amounts and affecting system stability. Therefore, to ensure system stability and avoid excessive accumulation of adjustment amounts, the time-frequency offset estimation data of the first time can be ignored, no response processing is performed, and no corresponding time-frequency offset adjustment command is generated. This effectively avoids excessive accumulation of adjustment amounts due to latency and ensures system stability.

[0071] Conversely, based on the detection results, when the difference between the first time and the second time is greater than or equal to the preset prohibition period for adjustment, it can be determined that the time interval between the most recent time-frequency adjustment command sent to the terminal before the first time and the first time is long enough that the terminal has responded to the most recent time-frequency offset adjustment command and completed the relevant time-frequency offset adjustment. In this case, a corresponding time-frequency offset adjustment command can be generated based on the estimated time-frequency offset data of the first time; and, combined with the specific circumstances, this time-frequency offset adjustment command can be used to perform a new time-frequency offset adjustment on the terminal. In this way, the terminal can be timely adjusted to match the time-frequency offset to maintain time synchronization and / or frequency synchronization of the terminals (including the transmitting and receiving terminals) with respect to the wireless signal, thereby improving communication quality.

[0072] Based on the above embodiments, by introducing and using a preset prohibition of adjustment duration, it can be better adapted to the high latency scenario of satellite-to-ground transmission, effectively avoid excessive accumulation of adjustment due to latency, and ensure system stability and improve satellite-to-ground communication quality while timely and accurately adjusting the time and frequency offset of satellite-to-ground transmission.

[0073] In some embodiments, the time-frequency offset estimation data (e.g., may be denoted as estXo) may specifically include: time offset estimation data (e.g., instantaneous time offset estimate estTo) and / or frequency offset estimation data (e.g., instantaneous frequency offset estimate estFo).

[0074] Accordingly, the time-frequency offset adjustment command may specifically include: a time offset adjustment command (e.g., TAC) and / or a frequency offset adjustment command (e.g., FAC).

[0075] Among them, TAC (Timing Advance Command) can specifically specify timing advance instructions; FAC (Frequency Alignment Command) can specifically refer to frequency alignment instructions.

[0076] The preset prohibition duration may specifically include: a preset time offset prohibition duration (e.g., tacProhibitDuration) and / or a preset frequency offset prohibition duration (e.g., facProhibitDuration).

[0077] In practical implementation, depending on the specific circumstances, when simultaneous time offset adjustment and frequency offset adjustment are required, the aforementioned time-frequency offset estimation data can simultaneously include both time offset estimation data and frequency offset estimation data; correspondingly, the time-frequency offset adjustment command can simultaneously include both time offset adjustment command and frequency offset adjustment command, and the preset prohibition duration can simultaneously include both a preset time offset prohibition duration and a preset frequency offset prohibition duration. In this way, independent time offset and frequency offset adjustments can be performed simultaneously on the terminal.

[0078] When only time offset adjustment is required, the aforementioned time-frequency offset estimation data can include only the time offset estimation data; correspondingly, the time-frequency offset adjustment command can include only the time offset adjustment command, and the preset time offset adjustment prohibition duration can include only the preset time offset adjustment prohibition duration. In this way, time offset adjustment can be performed only on the terminal.

[0079] When only frequency offset adjustment is required, the aforementioned time-frequency offset estimation data can include only the frequency offset estimation data; correspondingly, the time-frequency offset adjustment command can include only the frequency offset adjustment command, and the preset prohibition duration can include only the preset frequency offset prohibition duration. In this way, frequency offset adjustment can be performed only on the terminal.

[0080] In some embodiments, see Figure 3 As shown, the acquisition of the first-time frequency offset estimation data described above can, in practice, include the following:

[0081] S3-1: Acquire a reference signal; wherein, the reference signal may specifically include: a detection reference signal SRS and / or a demodulation reference signal DMRS;

[0082] S3-2: Based on the reference signal, determine the time-frequency offset estimation data for the first time.

[0083] Specifically, the SRS (Sounding Reference Signal) mentioned above refers to a sounding reference signal. Since the base station can collect this signal at fixed intervals, the SRS can be understood as a periodic signal.

[0084] The aforementioned DMRS (Demodulation Reference Signal) specifically refers to the demodulation reference signal. More specifically, the DMRS can be based on the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), that is, the DMRS collected on the PUSCH. Since the base station can only collect this signal when there is service data transmission on the PUSCH, the aforementioned DMRS can be understood as an aperiodic signal.

[0085] Furthermore, the reference signal acquired by the base station can specifically be a reference signal at a single point in time. In some cases, the acquired reference signal may also include reference signals at multiple points in time.

[0086] In specific implementation, the above-mentioned acquisition of reference signals may include: detecting whether there is service data transmission on the channel between the terminal and the satellite, and obtaining the corresponding service data transmission detection result; based on the service data transmission detection result, distinguishing between two cases: the presence of service data transmission and the absence of service data transmission, and adopting differentiated methods for different cases to obtain a reference signal with better performance.

[0087] Specifically, when it is determined that there is business data transmission between the terminal and the satellite based on the business data transmission detection results, the SRS and DMRS of the terminal can be obtained simultaneously as reference signals. By introducing additional DMRS, the original periodic and relatively sparse SRS can be supplemented with signal sample points, thereby obtaining a more comprehensive and richer reference signal that can more accurately reflect the environmental changes of the terminal channel.

[0088] Of course, in specific implementations, depending on the specific circumstances and processing requirements, the SRS can be acquired separately as a reference signal; or the DMRS can be acquired separately as a reference signal.

[0089] When it is determined, based on the results of service data transmission detection, that there is no service data transmission between the terminal and the satellite, only the SRS can be acquired as a reference signal.

[0090] Based on the above embodiments, different situations can be distinguished to obtain a reference signal with better performance.

[0091] In some embodiments, the acquisition of the reference signal may specifically include: when there is service data transmission between the terminal and the satellite, acquiring the SRS and / or DMRS as the reference signal.

[0092] In some embodiments, the acquisition of the reference signal may further include: when there is no business data transmission between the terminal and the satellite, acquiring the SRS as the reference signal.

[0093] In some embodiments, the time-frequency offset estimation data for the first time is determined based on the reference signal. Specifically, this may include: performing cross-correlation processing on the reference signal in conjunction with a known preset signal to obtain the corresponding cross-correlation operation result (e.g., a correlation sequence); and determining the time offset estimation data for the first time and / or the frequency offset estimation data for the first time based on the cross-correlation operation result.

[0094] Specifically, determining the time offset estimation data for the first time based on the reference signal may include: performing cross-correlation processing based on the SRS and / or DMRS, combined with known preset SRS and / or preset DMRS signals used as references, to obtain the corresponding cross-correlation calculation results; then, based on the cross-correlation calculation results, performing an inverse Fourier transform (IFFT) to obtain the corresponding transformation results; and finally, based on the transformation results, determining the time offset estimation data for the first time by calculating the corresponding peak positions.

[0095] Determining the frequency offset estimation data for the first time based on the reference signal may include: calculating the angle based on the cross-correlation operation results to obtain the corresponding angle result; and then dividing the angle result by 2π to determine the frequency offset estimation data for the first time.

[0096] In specific implementation, when the reference signal includes both SRS and DMRS, the above-mentioned determination of the time-frequency offset estimation data of the first time based on the reference signal may further include: determining the first intermediate time-frequency offset estimation data according to SRS; simultaneously determining the second intermediate time-frequency offset estimation data according to DMRS; jointly using the first intermediate time-frequency offset estimation data and the second intermediate time-frequency offset estimation data, and combining them with historical time-frequency offset estimation data for joint correction, to obtain the time-frequency offset estimation data of the first time with relatively higher accuracy and relatively smaller error.

[0097] In some embodiments, the method may further include: when the difference between the first time and the second time is less than the preset prohibited adjustment duration, ignoring the time-frequency offset estimation data of the first time. In this case, no time-frequency offset adjustment instruction may be generated, and no time-frequency offset adjustment may be performed on the terminal. This avoids excessive accumulation of adjustment due to latency, ensuring system stability.

[0098] In some embodiments, the preset duration for prohibiting adjustment may specifically include: a preset duration for prohibiting adjustment of time offset, and / or a preset duration for prohibiting adjustment of frequency offset, etc.

[0099] In some embodiments, the physical layer of the base station can acquire and calculate time-frequency offset estimation data for a first time based on the reference signal, and report the time-frequency offset estimation data to the MAC layer (Media Access Control) of the base station.

[0100] After obtaining the time-frequency offset estimation data at the first time, the MAC layer of the base station can detect and determine whether the difference between the first time and the second time is greater than or equal to the preset prohibition adjustment duration.

[0101] Before implementation, the corresponding preset duration of the time-frequency offset adjustment prohibition can be configured in advance at the MAC layer, as well as the corresponding time-frequency offset adjustment prohibition timer; and the MAC layer maintains the time-frequency offset adjustment prohibition timer.

[0102] The aforementioned time and frequency offset prohibition adjustment timers include: time offset prohibition adjustment timers (e.g., tacProhibitTimer) and / or frequency offset prohibition adjustment timers (e.g., facProhibitTimer).

[0103] Accordingly, in specific implementation, the MAC layer of the base station can use the time-frequency offset prohibition adjustment timer to start timing from the second time; and based on the preset prohibition adjustment duration, detect whether the first time corresponding to the time-frequency offset estimation data of the first time has timed out; if it has timed out, determine that the difference between the first time and the second time is greater than or equal to the preset prohibition adjustment duration; conversely, if it has not timed out, determine that the difference between the first time and the second time is less than the preset prohibition adjustment duration.

[0104] In some embodiments, in order to more accurately adjust the time-frequency deviation of the terminal, after determining that the difference between the first time and the second time is greater than or equal to the preset adjustment prohibition duration by prohibiting timing detection, outlier detection can be further performed on the time-frequency deviation estimation data of the first time.

[0105] In practice, the above-mentioned outlier detection may include: detecting whether the estimated time-frequency offset data at the first time exceeds the preset range of estimated data values.

[0106] Specifically, the preset range of estimated data values ​​may include: a preset range of time offset estimated data values ​​(e.g., [validToTh1, validToTh2]) and / or a preset range of frequency offset estimated data values ​​(e.g., [validFoTh1, validFoTh2]).

[0107] Based on the detection results, when the estimated time-frequency offset data at the first moment exceeds the preset estimated data range, it can be determined that the estimated time-frequency offset data at the first moment is abnormal. In this case, if a corresponding time-frequency offset adjustment command is generated based on the estimated time-frequency offset data at the first moment, and the terminal is adjusted according to the time-frequency offset adjustment command, it is easy to make adjustment errors, which will have a more serious impact on the stability of the system. At this time, the estimated time-frequency offset data at the first moment can be ignored, no processing is required, no time-frequency offset adjustment command is generated, and no time-frequency offset adjustment is performed in this instance. The adjustment will be performed again in the next instance based on normal time-frequency offset estimation data.

[0108] Conversely, based on the detection results, if the estimated time-frequency offset data at the first time does not exceed the preset estimated data value range (or the estimated time-frequency offset data at the first time falls within the preset estimated data value range), it can be determined that the estimated time-frequency offset data at the first time is not abnormal, i.e., it belongs to normal data. At this time, a corresponding time-frequency offset command can be generated based on the estimated time-frequency offset data at the first time; and based on this time-frequency offset adjustment command, the time-frequency offset of the terminal can be adjusted in a timely manner.

[0109] Before implementation, a suitable preset range of estimated data values ​​can be determined based on the receiver's performance parameters.

[0110] In addition, a large amount of historical time-frequency offset estimation data can be collected in advance; clustering processing can be performed using the above-mentioned historical time-frequency offset estimation data to obtain the corresponding clustering results; and then, based on the clustering results and the performance parameters of the receiver, the preset range of estimated data values ​​that meet the requirements can be determined.

[0111] In some embodiments, when the difference between the first time and the second time is greater than or equal to a preset period for prohibiting adjustment, the method may further include the following:

[0112] When the estimated time-frequency offset data at the first time exceeds the preset range of estimated data values, it is determined that the estimated time-frequency offset data at the first time is abnormal, and the estimated time-frequency offset data at the first time is ignored.

[0113] In some embodiments, the method may further include the following:

[0114] When the estimated time-frequency offset data at the first time point falls within the preset range of estimated data values, the time-frequency offset adjustment command is generated based on the estimated time-frequency offset data at the first time point.

[0115] In some embodiments, the generation of time-frequency offset adjustment instructions based on the time-frequency offset estimation data of the first time point may specifically include the following:

[0116] S1: The time-frequency offset estimation data of the first time is smoothed using a preset smoothing coefficient to obtain smoothed time-frequency offset estimation data.

[0117] S2: Generate the time-frequency offset adjustment command based on the smoothed time-frequency offset estimation data.

[0118] In specific implementation, the time-frequency offset estimation data of the first time period is smoothed using a preset smoothing coefficient to obtain smoothed time-frequency offset estimation data, including:

[0119] Using a preset smoothing coefficient, the time-frequency offset estimation data for the first time period is smoothed according to the following formula to calculate the smoothed time-frequency offset estimation data:

[0120] fltXo=a*fltXo+(1-aX)*estXo

[0121] Where estXo is the time-frequency offset estimation data at the first time, aX is the preset smoothing coefficient, and fltXo is the time-frequency offset estimation data after smoothing.

[0122] The preset smoothing coefficient has a value range of (0, 1). Furthermore, the preset smoothing coefficient may include: a preset first smoothing coefficient for time offset (e.g., aT), and / or a preset second smoothing coefficient for frequency offset (e.g., aF).

[0123] In practice, historical time-frequency offset estimation data within a reference time period prior to the first time can be obtained; and based on the historical time-frequency offset estimation data within the reference time period prior to the first time, statistical analysis results can be obtained through statistical analysis; and then the previously used preset smoothing coefficient can be updated using the statistical analysis results to obtain the preset smoothing coefficient for the first time.

[0124] In practice, when the time-frequency offset estimation data for the first time step only includes the time offset estimation data for the first time step, the smoothed time offset estimation data can be calculated using the following formula:

[0125] fltTo = a * fltTo + (1 - aT) * estTo

[0126] Where estTo is the time-biased estimation data at the first time point, aT is the first smoothing coefficient preset for the time bias, and fltTo is the time-biased estimation data after smoothing.

[0127] Similarly, when the time-frequency offset estimation data for the first time step only includes the frequency offset estimation data for the first time step, the smoothed frequency offset estimation data can be calculated using the following formula:

[0128] fltFo=a*fltFo+(1-aF)*estFo

[0129] Where estFo is the frequency offset estimation data at the first time, aF is the second smoothing coefficient preset for the frequency offset, and fltFo is the frequency offset estimation data after smoothing.

[0130] In practice, the smoothed time-frequency offset estimation data can be mapped into corresponding time-frequency offset adjustment commands according to the preset protocol rules.

[0131] Specifically, the aforementioned preset protocol rules can be understood as rules agreed upon in advance by the terminal and the base station, which include corresponding mapping relationships.

[0132] The aforementioned time-frequency offset adjustment command may also carry an adjustment identifier parameter that the terminal can recognize; wherein, the aforementioned adjustment identifier parameter is used to indicate the time-frequency offset adjustment amount; the aforementioned time-frequency offset adjustment amount is determined based on preset protocol rules and smoothed time-frequency offset estimation data.

[0133] The aforementioned time-frequency offset adjustment instructions may specifically include: time offset adjustment instructions (e.g., TAC instructions) and / or frequency offset adjustment instructions (e.g., FAC instructions).

[0134] In some embodiments, after generating the time-frequency offset adjustment command, the time-frequency offset adjustment command can be sent to the terminal. Accordingly, the terminal can perform corresponding time-frequency offset adjustments based on the time-frequency offset adjustment command.

[0135] To achieve more accurate and efficient time-frequency offset adjustment of the terminal, after generating the time-frequency offset adjustment command, it is possible to first check whether a preset trigger condition is met. When the preset trigger condition is met, the time-frequency offset adjustment command is sent to the terminal to perform the corresponding time-frequency offset adjustment in a timely manner. Conversely, when the preset trigger condition is not met, the time-frequency offset adjustment command is not sent to the terminal temporarily to avoid wasting resources and time on time-frequency offset adjustment due to extremely small deviations.

[0136] Specifically, the aforementioned preset triggering conditions can be understood as the triggering conditions for sending time-frequency offset adjustment commands to the terminal. The preset triggering conditions may include: periodic triggering conditions, and / or, non-periodic triggering conditions. Based on periodic triggering conditions, the periodic sending of time-frequency offset adjustment commands to the terminal can be achieved. Based on non-periodic triggering conditions, the non-periodic sending of time-frequency offset adjustment commands to the terminal can be achieved.

[0137] In practical implementation, when the preset triggering conditions include both periodic and non-periodic triggering conditions, the system can periodically send time-frequency offset adjustment commands to the terminal, enabling the terminal to perform corresponding time-frequency offset adjustments at regular intervals to effectively handle time-frequency offsets under normal circumstances. At the same time, it can also send time-frequency offset adjustment commands to the terminal non-periodically, enabling the terminal to perform additional time-frequency offset adjustments at irregular intervals to effectively handle time-frequency offsets under special circumstances. This allows for more accurate and timely completion of time-frequency offset adjustments, ensuring time-frequency synchronization.

[0138] In some embodiments, after generating the time-frequency offset adjustment command, the method may further include: sending the time-frequency offset adjustment command to the terminal when a preset triggering condition is met.

[0139] In some embodiments, the preset triggering condition may specifically include:

[0140] The difference between the first time and the start time of the corresponding adjustment period is equal to or greater than the preset adjustment period (which can be referred to as the first type of triggering condition, a periodic triggering condition); and / or, the time-frequency offset adjustment amount indicated by the time-frequency offset adjustment command exceeds the preset adjustment amount range (which can be referred to as the second type of triggering condition, a non-periodic triggering condition).

[0141] In specific implementation, for the first type of triggering condition, checking whether the preset triggering condition is met may include: checking whether the difference between the first time and the second time is equal to or greater than a preset adjustment period; when the difference between the first time and the second time is greater than or equal to the preset adjustment period, it is determined that the preset triggering condition is met. At this time, the time-frequency offset adjustment command can be sent to the corresponding terminal.

[0142] Conversely, if the difference between the first and second times is less than the preset adjustment period, it is determined that the preset triggering condition has not been met. In this case, the frequency offset adjustment command can be temporarily withheld.

[0143] The preset adjustment period can be determined based on the corresponding communication standards and historical time and frequency offset adjustment records during satellite-to-ground transmission.

[0144] The aforementioned preset adjustment period may specifically include: time offset adjustment period (e.g., tacPeriod) and / or frequency offset adjustment period (e.g., facPeriod).

[0145] In practical implementation, the MAC layer of the base station can establish and maintain corresponding adjustment period timers. These adjustment period timers can include a time offset adjustment period timer (e.g., tacPeriodTimer) and / or a frequency offset adjustment period timer (e.g., facPeriodTimer). Based on these adjustment period timers, after the end of the previous adjustment period, the start time of the current adjustment period is determined, and the timing of the current adjustment period begins. Based on a preset adjustment period, it is checked whether a timeout has occurred within the corresponding adjustment period. If a timeout occurs, it is determined that the difference between the first time and the start time of the corresponding adjustment period is greater than or equal to the preset adjustment period. In this case, a time / frequency offset adjustment command can be sent to the terminal, and the time / frequency offset adjustment period is reset to begin the next adjustment period. Conversely, if no timeout occurs, it is determined that the difference between the first time and the start time of the corresponding adjustment period is less than the preset adjustment period. In this case, it is not necessary to send a time / frequency offset adjustment command to the terminal, and the current adjustment period continues.

[0146] For the second type of triggering condition, detecting whether the preset triggering condition is met may include: detecting whether the time-frequency offset adjustment amount indicated by the time-frequency offset adjustment command exceeds the preset adjustment amount range; when the time-frequency offset adjustment amount exceeds the preset adjustment amount range, it is determined that the preset triggering condition is met, and at this time, the time-frequency offset adjustment command can be sent to the corresponding terminal.

[0147] Conversely, if the frequency offset adjustment amount does not exceed the preset adjustment range, it is determined that the preset triggering condition is not met. In this case, the frequency offset adjustment command can be temporarily withheld.

[0148] Specifically, the aforementioned preset adjustment range can be determined through machine learning based on historical time and frequency offset adjustment records during satellite-to-ground transmission, combined with terminal equipment performance and communication quality requirements.

[0149] In practice, when the time frequency offset adjustment amount indicated by the time frequency offset adjustment command exceeds the preset adjustment range, it indicates that the current time frequency offset of the terminal is relatively serious, and there is a risk that it will affect the normal communication of the terminal. At this time, it is necessary to immediately send a time frequency offset adjustment command to adjust the time frequency offset of the terminal and ensure normal communication of the terminal.

[0150] Conversely, if the time frequency offset adjustment amount indicated by the time frequency offset adjustment command does not exceed the preset adjustment range, it indicates that the current time frequency offset of the terminal is relatively slight, and the impact on the normal communication of the terminal is relatively small. At this time, the terminal can still communicate relatively normally without immediately sending a time frequency offset adjustment command, thus temporarily refraining from sending the command to reduce the number of adjustments and lower processing costs.

[0151] Specifically, the preset adjustment range may include: time offset adjustment range (e.g., [tacSendTh1, tacSendTh2]) and / or frequency offset adjustment range (e.g., [facSendTh1, facSendTh2]).

[0152] In some embodiments, after sending the time-frequency offset adjustment to the terminal, the terminal can perform targeted time-frequency offset adjustment (including time offset adjustment and / or frequency offset adjustment) according to the received time-frequency offset adjustment instruction, so as to synchronize with the completed time-frequency offset.

[0153] In some embodiments, the method may further include the following:

[0154] S1: When the first observation time interval is reached, the signal transmission distance between the terminal and the satellite is obtained;

[0155] S2: Update the preset duration of the restriction on adjustment based on the signal transmission distance between the terminal and the satellite.

[0156] In practice, the current terminal's location information can be obtained at each first observation time interval; at the same time, the current satellite's location information can be determined based on the satellite's ephemeris information; and then, the signal transmission distance between the current terminal and the satellite can be determined based on the current terminal's location information and the current location information.

[0157] Furthermore, the current preset duration of the restriction on adjustment can be redefined based on the signal transmission distance between the terminal and the satellite. This new preset duration is then used to replace the previously used preset duration, thus updating the preset duration of the restriction on adjustment. This ensures that the preset duration of the restriction on adjustment is accurate and effective.

[0158] In some embodiments, the method may further include the following:

[0159] S1: When the second observation time interval is reached, obtain the time-frequency offset estimation data within the current second observation time interval;

[0160] S2: Update the preset smoothing coefficient based on the time-frequency offset estimation data within the current second observation period.

[0161] In practice, the time-frequency offset estimation data for the current second observation period can be obtained at every second observation period. Based on the time-frequency offset estimation data for the current second observation period, a preset smoothing coefficient that matches the time-frequency offset estimation data appearing in the current second observation period can be determined through data statistics. Then, this preset smoothing coefficient is used to replace the previously used preset smoothing coefficient, thereby updating the preset smoothing coefficient. Subsequently, the updated preset smoothing coefficient can be used to achieve smoothing processing more accurately.

[0162] This specification also provides a time-frequency offset data processing method, including: detecting whether the difference between a first time and a second time is greater than or equal to a preset prohibited adjustment duration; wherein, the second time is the time-frequency offset adjustment time before the first time; when the difference between the first time and the second time is greater than or equal to the preset prohibited adjustment duration, acquiring time-frequency offset estimation data of the terminal and the satellite at the first time; generating a time-frequency offset adjustment command based on the time-frequency offset estimation data of the first time; wherein, the time-frequency offset adjustment command is used for time-frequency offset adjustment of the terminal.

[0163] As can be seen from the above, based on the time-frequency offset data processing method provided in the embodiments of this specification, after the base station obtains the time-frequency offset estimation data of the first time of terminal-satellite communication, it can first detect whether the difference between the first time and the second time of the previous time-frequency offset adjustment is greater than a preset prohibition adjustment duration. When the difference between the first time and the second time is greater than or equal to the preset prohibition adjustment duration, a corresponding time-frequency offset adjustment command is generated based on the time-frequency offset estimation data of the first time. When a preset triggering condition is met, the time-frequency offset adjustment command is sent to the terminal to perform corresponding time-frequency offset adjustment on the terminal. Conversely, when the difference between the first time and the second time is less than the preset prohibition adjustment duration, the time-frequency offset estimation data of the first time is ignored and no processing is performed. This method can better adapt to high-latency scenarios in satellite-to-ground transmission, effectively avoid excessive accumulation of adjustment due to latency, and ensure system stability and improve satellite-to-ground communication quality while achieving timely and accurate time-frequency offset adjustment in satellite-to-ground transmission. Furthermore, by introducing a combination of PUSCH-based DMRS and SRS signals for time-frequency offset estimation, the sample point data for time-frequency offset estimation can be effectively expanded, thus enabling more timely and accurate time-frequency offset adjustment. Moreover, by setting preset trigger conditions, an aperiodic transmission method is introduced on top of the periodic transmission method to send relevant time-frequency offset adjustment commands, triggering specific time-frequency offset adjustments. This makes the time-frequency offset adjustment more targeted and timely, and more effectively ensures system stability.

[0164] This specification provides an electronic device through its embodiments. (See attached document.) Figure 4As shown. The electronic device includes a network communication port 401, a processor 402, and a memory 403. These structures are connected by internal cables so that they can perform specific data interaction.

[0165] Specifically, the network communication port 401 can be used to obtain the time-frequency offset estimation data between the terminal and the satellite at the first moment.

[0166] The processor 402 is specifically configured to generate a time-frequency offset adjustment instruction based on the time-frequency offset estimation data of the first time when the difference between the first time and the second time is greater than or equal to a preset prohibition adjustment duration; wherein, the time-frequency offset adjustment instruction is used for time-frequency offset adjustment of the terminal, and the second time is the time of the previous time-frequency offset adjustment adjacent to the first time; the time-frequency offset adjustment instruction includes: a time offset adjustment instruction and / or a frequency offset adjustment instruction; the time offset adjustment instruction includes: a timing advance instruction (TAC); the frequency offset adjustment instruction includes: a frequency alignment instruction (FAC); the preset prohibition adjustment duration includes: a preset time offset prohibition adjustment duration, and / or, a preset frequency offset prohibition adjustment duration; when a preset trigger condition is met, the processor sends the time-frequency offset adjustment instruction to the terminal; the preset trigger condition includes: the difference between the first time and the start time of the corresponding adjustment period is equal to or greater than a preset adjustment period; and / or, the time-frequency offset adjustment amount indicated by the time-frequency offset adjustment instruction exceeds a preset adjustment amount range.

[0167] The memory 403 can be used to store the corresponding instruction program, as well as related data such as the time-frequency offset estimation data at the first moment.

[0168] Based on the above method, the relevant structural performance of electronic devices can be effectively utilized to improve the data processing speed of electronic devices and efficiently realize the relevant time-frequency offset data processing.

[0169] In this embodiment, the network communication port 401 can be a virtual port bound to different communication protocols, thereby enabling the sending or receiving of different data. For example, the network communication port can be a port responsible for web data communication, a port responsible for FTP data communication, or a port responsible for email data communication. Furthermore, the network communication port can also be a physical communication interface or communication chip. For example, it can be a wireless mobile network communication chip, such as GSM or CDMA; it can also be a Wi-Fi chip; or it can be a Bluetooth chip.

[0170] In this embodiment, the processor 402 can be implemented in any suitable manner. For example, the processor can take the form of a microprocessor or processor and a computer-readable medium storing computer-readable program code (e.g., software or firmware) executable by the (micro)processor, logic gates, switches, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable logic controllers, and embedded microcontrollers, etc. This specification is not limiting.

[0171] In this embodiment, the memory 403 may include multiple layers. In a digital system, anything that can store binary data can be a memory. In an integrated circuit, a circuit with storage function but no physical form is also called a memory, such as RAM, FIFO, etc. In a system, a storage device with a physical form is also called a memory, such as a memory stick, TF card, etc.

[0172] This specification also provides a computer-readable storage medium based on the above-described time-frequency offset data processing method. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer program instructions that, when executed, implement: acquiring estimated time-frequency offset data between the terminal and the satellite at a first time; when the difference between the first time and a second time is greater than or equal to a preset prohibition adjustment duration, generating a time-frequency offset adjustment instruction based on the estimated time-frequency offset data at the first time; wherein the time-frequency offset adjustment instruction is used for time-frequency offset adjustment of the terminal, and the second time is the time-frequency offset adjustment time prior to the first time; the time-frequency offset adjustment instruction includes... The time-frequency offset adjustment instruction includes a timing advance instruction (TAC) and a frequency offset adjustment instruction (FAC). The preset prohibition duration includes a preset prohibition duration for time-frequency offset adjustment and / or a preset prohibition duration for frequency-frequency offset adjustment. When a preset trigger condition is met, the time-frequency offset adjustment instruction is sent to the terminal. The preset trigger condition includes: the difference between the first time and the start time of the corresponding adjustment period is equal to or greater than the preset adjustment period; and / or the time-frequency offset adjustment amount indicated by the time-frequency offset adjustment instruction exceeds a preset adjustment amount range.

[0173] In this embodiment, the storage medium includes, but is not limited to, Random Access Memory (RAM), Read-Only Memory (ROM), Cache, Hard Disk Drive (HDD), or Memory Card. The memory can be used to store computer program instructions. The network communication unit can be an interface configured according to standards specified in the communication protocol for network connection communication.

[0174] In this embodiment, the specific functions and effects implemented by the program instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium can be explained in comparison with other embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0175] This specification also provides a computer program product, comprising at least a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the following method steps: acquiring time-frequency offset estimation data between the terminal and the satellite at a first time; when the difference between the first time and a second time is greater than or equal to a preset prohibited adjustment duration, generating a time-frequency offset adjustment instruction based on the time-frequency offset estimation data of the first time; wherein, the time-frequency offset adjustment instruction is used for time-frequency offset adjustment of the terminal, and the second time is the previous time-frequency offset adjustment time adjacent to the first time; the time-frequency offset adjustment instruction includes: a time offset adjustment instruction and... / or frequency offset adjustment command; the time offset adjustment command includes: timing advance command (TAC); the frequency offset adjustment command includes: frequency alignment command (FAC); the preset prohibition adjustment duration includes: preset time offset prohibition adjustment duration, and / or, preset frequency offset prohibition adjustment duration; when a preset trigger condition is met, the time and frequency offset adjustment command is sent to the terminal; the preset trigger condition includes: the difference between the first time and the start time of the corresponding adjustment period is equal to or greater than the preset adjustment period; and / or, the time and frequency offset adjustment amount indicated by the time and frequency offset adjustment command exceeds the preset adjustment amount range.

[0176] See Figure 5 As shown in the embodiments of this specification, a time-frequency offset data processing device is also provided, which may specifically include the following structural modules:

[0177] The acquisition module 501 can be used to acquire the first-time frequency offset estimation data between the terminal and the satellite;

[0178] The generation module 502 is specifically used to generate a time-frequency offset adjustment instruction based on the time-frequency offset estimation data of the first time when the difference between the first time and the second time is greater than or equal to a preset prohibition adjustment duration. The time-frequency offset adjustment instruction is used for time-frequency offset adjustment of the terminal, and the second time is the time of the previous time-frequency offset adjustment closest to the first time. The time-frequency offset adjustment instruction includes a time offset adjustment instruction and / or a frequency offset adjustment instruction. The time offset adjustment instruction includes a timing advance instruction (TAC); the frequency offset adjustment instruction includes a frequency alignment instruction (FAC); and the preset prohibition adjustment duration includes a preset time offset prohibition adjustment duration and / or a preset frequency offset prohibition adjustment duration.

[0179] The sending module 503 can be specifically used to send the time-frequency offset adjustment command to the terminal when a preset trigger condition is met; the preset trigger condition includes: the difference between the first time and the start time of the corresponding adjustment period is equal to or greater than the preset adjustment period; and / or, the time-frequency offset adjustment amount indicated by the time-frequency offset adjustment command exceeds the preset adjustment amount range.

[0180] In some embodiments, the time-frequency offset estimation data may specifically include: time offset estimation data and / or frequency offset estimation data, etc.

[0181] In some embodiments, when the acquisition module 501 is specifically implemented, it can acquire the time-frequency offset estimation data of the first time in the following manner: acquire the reference signal of the first time; wherein, the reference signal includes: SRS (Sounding Reference Signal) signal and / or PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel) signal; and determine the time-frequency offset estimation data of the first time based on the reference signal of the first time.

[0182] In some embodiments, when the acquisition module 501 is specifically implemented, the reference signal for the first time can be acquired in the following manner: when there is business data transmission between the first time terminal and the satellite, the SRS signal and / or the DMRS signal based on PUSCH are acquired as the reference signal for the first time.

[0183] In some embodiments, when the acquisition module 501 is specifically implemented, the reference signal for the first time can also be acquired in the following manner: when there is no business data transmission between the first time terminal and the satellite, the SRS signal is acquired as the reference signal for the first time.

[0184] In some embodiments, when the difference between the first time and the second time is greater than or equal to a preset prohibited adjustment duration, the device can also be used to: determine that the time-frequency offset estimation data of the first time is abnormal and ignore the time-frequency offset estimation data of the first time when the time-frequency offset estimation data of the first time exceeds a preset estimation data value range.

[0185] In some embodiments, the device can also be used to: generate the time-frequency offset adjustment command based on the time-frequency offset estimation data of the first time when the time-frequency offset estimation data of the first time is within a preset range of estimation data values.

[0186] In some embodiments, when the generation module 502 is specifically implemented, it can generate a time-frequency offset adjustment instruction based on the time-frequency offset estimation data of the first time in the following manner: smoothing the time-frequency offset estimation data of the first time using a preset smoothing coefficient to obtain smoothed time-frequency offset estimation data; and generating the time-frequency offset adjustment instruction based on the smoothed time-frequency offset estimation data.

[0187] In some embodiments, the device may also be used to: obtain the signal transmission distance between the terminal and the satellite at intervals of a first observation time period; and update the preset prohibition of adjustment duration based on the signal transmission distance between the terminal and the satellite.

[0188] In some embodiments, the device can also be used to: obtain time-frequency offset estimation data within the current second observation time period when the second observation time period is intermittent; and update the preset smoothing coefficient based on the time-frequency offset estimation data within the current second observation time period.

[0189] It should be noted that the units, devices, or modules described in the above embodiments can be implemented by computer chips or physical entities, or by products with certain functions. For ease of description, the above devices are described by dividing them into various modules according to their functions. Of course, in implementing this specification, the functions of each module can be implemented in one or more software and / or hardware, or the module that implements the same function can be implemented by a combination of multiple sub-modules or sub-units, etc. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and there may be other division methods in actual implementation. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection between the devices or units shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units can be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0190] As can be seen from the above, the time-frequency offset data processing device provided in the embodiments of this specification can be well adapted to the large time-delay scenario of satellite-to-ground transmission, effectively avoid excessive accumulation of adjustment due to time delay, and can ensure system stability and improve satellite-to-ground communication quality while timely and accurately adjusting the time-frequency offset of satellite-to-ground transmission.

[0191] In a specific scenario example, the time-frequency offset data processing method provided in this manual can be used to implement time-frequency offset control of a satellite communication system. For detailed implementation procedures, please refer to the following content.

[0192] In this scenario example, considering that in terrestrial mobile communication systems, there are time and frequency offsets in the propagation of wireless signals between the transmitting and receiving terminals, these offsets can affect the correct reception of wireless signals by the receiving terminal. To ensure correct reception of wireless signals, the system requires that the transmitted signals maintain time and frequency synchronization between the transmitting and receiving terminals. In 5G NR (5G New Radio) systems, system time synchronization is controlled through timing advance commands. Specifically, the base station receives a reference signal to estimate the timing advance and periodically sends timing advance commands through the air interface to instruct the terminal to adjust the time offset of the transmitted signal, thereby completing the transmission timing adjustment.

[0193] In satellite communication systems, the propagation distance of wireless signals between the transmitting and receiving terminals is much greater than that of terrestrial communication systems. Due to the influence of satellite-to-ground propagation delay, the adjustment amount of the transmitted signal is easily over-accumulated, leading to system performance degradation.

[0194] Specifically, terrestrial wireless communication systems typically do not implement frequency offset control schemes. In the commonly used time offset control schemes of terrestrial wireless communication systems, the base station generates a timing advance command based on the time offset estimation result of the Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) and sends it to the terminal via the air interface. The terminal receives the adjustment command and adjusts the time offset of its transmitted signal accordingly, completing the transmission timing adjustment. However, the periodic SRS signal provides relatively few sample points, making it difficult to track changes in the channel environment in a timely manner. Especially in satellite communication systems, the propagation distance between the transmitting and receiving terminals is much greater than in terrestrial communication systems, resulting in larger estimation errors from instantaneous and sparse sample points, which is detrimental to maintaining system stability. Furthermore, due to the influence of satellite-to-ground propagation delay, the transmitted signal received by the base station has not yet taken effect for a period after the adjustment command is sent. Generating another adjustment command based on the received signal at this time can easily lead to excessive accumulation of adjustment amounts in subsequent transmitted signals, causing system performance degradation or even loss of synchronization.

[0195] To address the aforementioned problems with existing methods and their root causes, this scenario example considers improvements to the time-frequency offset control of satellite communication, including the following three aspects: instantaneous time-frequency offset estimation, time-frequency offset adjustment command (or time-frequency offset instruction) generation design, and time-frequency offset command transmission design. This aims to effectively adjust the time-frequency offset of transmitted signals in scenarios with large time delays in satellite-to-ground transmission, thereby improving system stability and ensuring the quality of satellite-to-ground communication.

[0196] In this example, based on the above approach, the instantaneous time-frequency offset estimation (e.g., acquiring the time-frequency offset estimation data at the first moment) includes: performing time offset estimation and frequency offset estimation based on the reference signal, and outputting the instantaneous time offset estimate estTo (e.g., time offset estimation data) and the instantaneous frequency offset estimate estFo (e.g., frequency offset estimation data). The reference signal can be a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) or a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH).

[0197] Specifically, SRS is a periodic signal that can provide periodic time-frequency offset estimates to the base station in scenarios where there is no service data transmission, ensuring the normal operation of the time-frequency offset control mechanism; PUSCH is a data channel that can provide the base station with more timely and sufficient sample points in scenarios where there is service data transmission, thereby assisting the time-frequency offset control mechanism to make more timely and accurate control decisions.

[0198] When generating time-frequency offset adjustment commands, please refer to [the relevant documentation / reference]. Figure 6 and Figure 7 The specific generation of the time offset adjustment command (or time offset adjustment instruction) includes: S6-1: The MAC layer receives the instantaneous time offset estimate reported by the physical layer; S6-2: By detecting whether the time offset disable timer has expired, a time-disable judgment (or time-disable detection) is performed; S6-3: If a timeout is determined (corresponding to case Y), an outlier judgment (or outlier detection) is performed by detecting whether it is an outlier; if no timeout is determined (corresponding to case N), the outlier judgment is not triggered; S6-4: If it is determined not to be an outlier, the time offset estimate data is smoothed; S6-5: Based on the smoothing result, the corresponding time offset adjustment command is generated; if it is determined to be an outlier, no processing is performed, and no time offset adjustment command is generated. Similarly, when generating the frequency offset adjustment command (or frequency offset adjustment instruction), the process includes: S7-1: The MAC layer receives the instantaneous frequency offset estimate reported by the physical layer; S7-2: The timing is disabled by checking whether the time offset disable timer has expired; S7-3: If a timeout is determined (corresponding to case Y), an outlier is determined by checking whether it is an outlier. If no timeout is determined, the outlier determination is not triggered; S7-4: If it is determined not to be an outlier (corresponding to case N), the frequency offset estimate data is smoothed; S7-5: The corresponding frequency offset adjustment command is generated based on the smoothing result. If it is determined to be an outlier, no processing is performed, and no frequency offset adjustment command is generated.

[0199] The MAC layer receives estimated values ​​reported by the physical layer, including: for the received time offset and frequency offset estimates, estimates based on SRS and PUSCH can be used as input information.

[0200] The prohibition timing judgment includes: pre-configuring the time offset adjustment prohibition duration tacProhibitDuration (e.g., the preset time offset prohibition duration in the preset prohibition adjustment duration) and the frequency offset adjustment prohibition duration facProhibitDuration (e.g., the preset frequency offset prohibition adjustment duration in the preset prohibition adjustment duration); the MAC layer maintains the time offset adjustment prohibition timer tacProhibitTimer, with a timing duration equal to the time offset adjustment prohibition duration tacProhibitDuration. If the time offset prohibition timer has not expired, the instantaneous time offset estimate value estTo reported by the physical layer is ignored and not included in subsequent processing; the MAC layer maintains the frequency offset adjustment prohibition timer facProhibitTimer, with a timing duration equal to the frequency offset adjustment prohibition duration facProhibitDuration. If the frequency offset prohibition timer has not expired, the instantaneous frequency offset estimate value estFo reported by the physical layer is ignored and not included in subsequent processing.

[0201] The outlier determination includes: if the estimated value is determined to be an outlier, it is ignored and not included in subsequent processing. The determination criteria are: if the instantaneous time offset estimate estTo exceeds the range [validToTh1, validToTh2] (e.g., a preset time offset estimate range within a preset range of estimated data values), it is determined to be an outlier and is not included in the smoothing process of time offset estimation; if the instantaneous frequency offset estimate estFo exceeds the range [validFoTh1, validFoTh2] (e.g., a preset frequency offset estimate range within a preset range of estimated data values), it is determined to be an outlier and is not included in the smoothing process of frequency offset estimation. Here, validToTh1, validToTh2, validFoTh1, and validFoTh2 are all preset values, and their values ​​can be determined with reference to receiver performance.

[0202] The smoothing process includes: calculating a smoothed time offset estimate fltTo from the newly reported instantaneous time offset estimate estTo, where fltTo = a * fltTo + (1-a) * estTo; and smoothing the newly reported instantaneous frequency offset estimate estFo to obtain a smoothed frequency offset estimate fltFo, where fltFo = b * fltFo + (1-b) * estFo, where a and b are preset values ​​(e.g., preset smoothing coefficients) with a range of (0, 1). Specifically, if fltTo = 0, a is set to 0; if fltFo = 0, b is set to 0, thereby improving the tracking ability of the smoothed value to the instantaneous value.

[0203] The generation of time offset adjustment command and frequency offset adjustment command includes: mapping the time offset adjustment command TAC to the smoothed time offset estimate fltTo according to the pre-agreed mapping relationship between the time and frequency offset adjustment amount and the adjustment command between the terminal and the base station; and mapping the frequency offset adjustment command FAC to the smoothed frequency offset estimate fltFo.

[0204] The transmission of the time-frequency offset adjustment command includes: the MAC layer performing periodic and aperiodic transmission of the time-frequency offset adjustment command based on the generated time offset adjustment command TAC and frequency offset adjustment command FAC.

[0205] The periodicity of the adjustment command can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown. Specifically, when sending the time offset adjustment command, the process may include: S8-1: Pre-configuring the time offset adjustment period tacPeriod and timing the time offset adjustment period; S8-2: The MAC layer maintains the time offset adjustment period timer tacPeriodTimer and checks for timeout; S8-3: When a timeout occurs (corresponding to case Y, for example, equal to or greater than the preset adjustment period), the corresponding time offset adjustment command is sent; if no timeout occurs, no time offset adjustment command is sent; S8-4: By resetting the time offset adjustment period timer, the time offset adjustment parameters are reset to prepare for the next adjustment command transmission check. Similarly, when sending a frequency offset adjustment command, the following steps can be taken: S9-1: Pre-configure the frequency offset adjustment period facPeriod and time the frequency offset adjustment period; S9-2: The MAC layer maintains the frequency offset adjustment period timer facPeriodTimer and checks whether it has timed out; S9-3: When the timeout occurs (corresponding to case Y), send the corresponding frequency offset adjustment command; when the timeout does not occur, do not send the frequency offset adjustment command; S9-4: Reset the frequency offset adjustment period timer to reset the frequency offset adjustment parameters in order to detect the next adjustment command to be sent.

[0206] The MAC layer maintains a time offset adjustment period timer tacPeriodTimer. After the timer expires, a time offset adjustment command TAC is sent, and the time offset adjustment parameters are reset.

[0207] The time offset adjustment parameter reset includes: resetting the time offset adjustment period timer tacPeriodTimer, the time offset adjustment disable timer tacProhibitTimer, and clearing the smoothed time offset estimate fltTo=0.

[0208] The MAC layer maintains a frequency offset adjustment period timer facPeriodTimer. After the timer expires, it sends a frequency offset adjustment command FAC and resets the frequency offset adjustment parameters.

[0209] The frequency offset adjustment parameter reset includes: resetting the frequency offset adjustment period timer facPeriodTimer, the frequency offset adjustment prohibition timer facProhibitTimer, and clearing the smoothed frequency offset estimate fltFo=0.

[0210] The aperiodic transmission of the adjustment command includes: if the time-frequency offset adjustment command exceeds the aperiodic transmission threshold, then triggering the aperiodic transmission of the adjustment command.

[0211] The time offset adjustment command is sent aperiodically; please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown. Specifically, when sending the time offset adjustment command, the process may include: S10-1: Pre-configure the aperiodic time offset adjustment sending threshold [tacSendTh1, tacSendTh2] (e.g., a preset adjustment range), and obtain the time offset adjustment command TAC; S10-2: Detect whether the adjustment amount indicated by the time offset adjustment command exceeds the threshold range; S10-3: If it is determined that it has not exceeded the threshold (corresponding to case N), send the time offset adjustment command; if it is determined that a timeout has occurred, do not send the time offset adjustment command; S10-4: Reset the time offset adjustment parameters. When sending a frequency offset adjustment command, the following steps may be taken: S11-1: Pre-configure the frequency offset adjustment aperiodic transmission threshold [facSendTh1, facSendTh2] and obtain the frequency offset adjustment command FAC; S11-2: Detect whether the adjustment amount indicated by the frequency offset adjustment command exceeds the threshold range; S11-3: If it is determined that it does not exceed the threshold (corresponding to case N), send the frequency offset adjustment command; if it is determined that the timeout has occurred, do not send the frequency offset adjustment command; S11-4: Reset the frequency offset adjustment parameters.

[0212] The time offset adjustment parameter reset includes: resetting the time offset adjustment period timer tacPeriodTimer, the time offset adjustment prohibition timer tacProhibitTimer, and clearing the smoothed time offset estimate fltTo=0.

[0213] The frequency offset adjustment command is sent aperiodically, including: pre-configuring aperiodic frequency offset adjustment transmission thresholds [facSendTh1, facSendTh2]. If the frequency offset adjustment command FAC exceeds this range, the frequency offset adjustment command FAC is sent and the frequency offset adjustment parameters are reset.

[0214] The frequency offset adjustment parameter reset includes: resetting the frequency offset adjustment period timer facPeriodTimer, the frequency offset adjustment prohibition timer facProhibitTimer, and clearing the smoothed frequency offset estimate fltFo=0.

[0215] The above scenario examples validate the time-frequency offset data processing method provided in this specification. It employs instantaneous time-frequency offset estimation, a time-frequency offset adjustment command generation design, and a time-frequency offset adjustment command transmission design. Specifically, the time-frequency offset adjustment command generation design addresses the problem of excessive adjustment accumulation in high-latency scenarios by disabling timed judgment, and reduces the risk of abnormal adjustments through outlier detection. The time-frequency offset adjustment command transmission design, while implementing periodic transmission of adjustment commands to ensure the normal operation of the control mechanism, also allows for a non-periodic transmission mechanism to promptly indicate the time-frequency offset adjustment of the transmitted signal when necessary, improving system stability. Instantaneous time-frequency offset estimation uses a non-single reference signal source, ensuring the normal operation of the control mechanism while providing more timely and sufficient sample points to the base station in scenarios with service data transmission, thereby assisting the time-frequency offset control mechanism in making more timely and accurate control decisions.

[0216] While this specification provides the steps of operation for the methods described in the embodiments or flowcharts, more or fewer steps may be included based on conventional or non-inventive means. The order of steps listed in the embodiments is merely one possible order of execution among many steps and does not represent the only possible order. In actual device or client product execution, the methods shown in the embodiments or drawings may be executed sequentially or in parallel (e.g., in a parallel processor or multi-threaded processing environment, or even a distributed data processing environment). The terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, product, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, product, or apparatus. Without further limitations, the presence of other identical or equivalent elements in a process, method, product, or apparatus that includes said elements is not excluded. The terms "first," "second," etc., are used to denote names and do not indicate any particular order.

[0217] Those skilled in the art will also know that, besides implementing the controller using purely computer-readable program code, the same functions can be achieved by logically programming the method steps, making the controller function as logic gates, switches, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable logic controllers (PLCs), and embedded microcontrollers. Therefore, such a controller can be considered a hardware component, and the devices within it used to implement various functions can also be considered structures within that hardware component. Alternatively, the devices used to implement various functions can be considered as both software modules implementing the method and structures within a hardware component.

[0218] This specification can be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions that are executed by a computer, such as program modules. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, classes, etc., that perform a specific task or implement a specific abstract data type. This specification can also be practiced in distributed computing environments, where tasks are performed by remote processing devices connected via a communication network. In distributed computing environments, program modules can reside in local and remote computer-readable storage media, including storage devices.

[0219] As can be seen from the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that this specification can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms. Based on this understanding, the technical solutions of this specification can essentially be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, mobile terminal, electronic device, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments of this specification.

[0220] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. Each embodiment focuses on its differences from other embodiments. This specification can be used in numerous general-purpose or special-purpose computer system environments or configurations. Examples include: personal computers, electronic computer, handheld or portable devices, tablet devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, set-top boxes, programmable electronic devices, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, and distributed computing environments including any of the above systems or devices, etc.

[0221] Although this specification has been described by way of examples, those skilled in the art will recognize that many variations and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit of this specification, and it is intended that the appended claims cover such variations and modifications without departing from the spirit of this specification.

Claims

1. A time-frequency offset data processing method, characterized in that, include: Acquire the time-frequency offset estimation data between the terminal and the satellite at the first time; wherein, the first time is the reception time of the reference signal; When the difference between the first time and the second time is greater than or equal to a preset prohibition duration for adjustment, a time-frequency offset adjustment instruction is generated based on the time-frequency offset estimation data of the first time; wherein, the time-frequency offset adjustment instruction is used for time-frequency offset adjustment of the terminal, and the second time is the time of the previous time-frequency offset adjustment that is adjacent to the first time; the time-frequency offset adjustment instruction includes: a time offset adjustment instruction and / or a frequency offset adjustment instruction; the time offset adjustment instruction includes: a timing advance instruction (TAC); the frequency offset adjustment instruction includes: a frequency alignment instruction (FAC); the preset prohibition duration for adjustment includes: a preset time offset prohibition duration for adjustment, and / or, a preset frequency offset prohibition duration for adjustment; When a preset trigger condition is met, the time-frequency offset adjustment command is sent to the terminal; the preset trigger condition includes: the difference between the first time and the start time of the corresponding adjustment period is equal to or greater than the preset adjustment period; and / or, the time-frequency offset adjustment amount indicated by the time-frequency offset adjustment command exceeds the preset adjustment amount range.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The time-frequency offset estimation data includes: time offset estimation data and / or frequency offset estimation data.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The time offset estimation data includes: instantaneous time offset estimate; the frequency offset estimation data includes: instantaneous frequency offset estimate.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The acquisition of the time-frequency offset estimation data between the terminal and the satellite at the first moment includes: Acquire a reference signal; wherein the reference signal includes: a detection reference signal SRS and / or a demodulation reference signal DMRS; Based on the reference signal, the time-frequency offset estimation data for the first time period is determined.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: When the difference between the first time and the second time is less than the preset prohibited adjustment duration, the time-frequency offset estimation data of the first time is ignored.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the difference between the first time and the second time is greater than or equal to a preset period for prohibiting adjustment, the method further includes: When the estimated time-frequency offset data of the first time exceeds the preset range of estimated data values, it is determined that the estimated time-frequency offset data of the first time is abnormal, and the estimated time-frequency offset data of the first time is ignored.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method further includes: When the estimated time-frequency offset data at the first time point falls within the preset range of estimated data values, the time-frequency offset adjustment command is generated based on the estimated time-frequency offset data at the first time point.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of generating a time-frequency offset adjustment command based on the time-frequency offset estimation data of the first time includes: The time-frequency offset estimation data of the first time point is smoothed using a preset smoothing coefficient to obtain smoothed time-frequency offset estimation data. The time-frequency offset adjustment command is generated based on the smoothed time-frequency offset estimation data.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: When the first observation period is elapsed, the signal transmission distance between the terminal and the satellite is obtained; The preset duration for which adjustment is prohibited is updated based on the signal transmission distance between the terminal and the satellite.

10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The method further includes: When the second observation time interval is reached, obtain the time-frequency offset estimation data within the current second observation time interval; The preset smoothing coefficient is updated based on the time-frequency offset estimation data within the current second observation period.

11. A time-frequency offset data processing device, characterized in that, include: The acquisition module is used to acquire the time-frequency offset estimation data between the terminal and the satellite at the first time; wherein, the first time is the reception time of the reference signal; A generation module is configured to generate a time-frequency offset adjustment instruction based on the time-frequency offset estimation data of the first time when the difference between the first time and the second time is greater than or equal to a preset prohibition adjustment duration; wherein, the time-frequency offset adjustment instruction is used for time-frequency offset adjustment of the terminal, and the second time is the time of the previous time-frequency offset adjustment adjacent to the first time; the time-frequency offset adjustment instruction includes: a time offset adjustment instruction and / or a frequency offset adjustment instruction; the time offset adjustment instruction includes: a timing advance instruction (TAC); the frequency offset adjustment instruction includes: a frequency alignment instruction (FAC); the preset prohibition adjustment duration includes: a preset time offset prohibition adjustment duration, and / or, a preset frequency offset prohibition adjustment duration; The sending module is used to send the time-frequency offset adjustment command to the terminal when a preset trigger condition is met; the preset trigger condition includes: the difference between the first time and the start time of the corresponding adjustment period is equal to or greater than the preset adjustment period; and / or, the time-frequency offset adjustment amount indicated by the time-frequency offset adjustment command exceeds a preset adjustment amount range.

12. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes a processor and a memory for storing processor-executable instructions, wherein the processor, when executing the instructions, implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

13. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, It stores computer instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

14. A computer program product, characterized in that, It includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

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