Natural plant feed additive for protecting liver and kidney of livestock and poultry and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application provides a kind of natural plant feed additive for livestock and poultry protection liver and kidney and preparation method, it is related to the field of feed additive, the feed additive is made of gynostemma pentaphyllum, chases yellow grass, gentian, phyllanthus urinaria, winter son, isatis root, polyporus umbellatus, big belly skin, Uncaria, rhinacanthus nasutus, talc, ginseng bark, cassia twig;Experimental data show that the feed additive of the application can significantly inhibit serum ALT, AST, ALP activity, reduce TBIL level, and enhance SOD, GSH-Px activity, restore T-AOC, reduce MDA production to realize the multi-dimensional liver protection function of acute liver injury laying hen;At the same time, the feed additive of the application can significantly improve the average daily gain of fattening pigs, reduce the feed conversion ratio, reduce ALT, AST activity, increase TP, ALB content, and realize the comprehensive physiological regulation effect of multi-target point;In addition, the difference of serum BUN and Cr content of each group of fattening pigs has no statistical significance, which confirms that it has no risk of abnormal kidney function, and provides a new solution for the development of green, efficient functional feed additive.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of feed additives, in particular to a natural plant feed additive for protecting liver and kidney of livestock and poultry and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of intensive and large-scale livestock and poultry breeding, the problem of liver and kidney diseases of livestock and poultry is increasingly prominent. Livestock and poultry are long-term exposed to feed toxins (such as aflatoxin, heavy metals, etc.), drug residues and excessive metabolic burden, which leads to a continuously increasing incidence of liver and kidney function damage. Liver, as a core metabolic organ, is responsible for detoxification, protein synthesis and energy conversion; kidney bears the key functions of excreting metabolic waste and regulating electrolyte balance. Liver damage not only reduces feed conversion rate, but also induces secondary infection, directly affecting animal production performance and livestock product safety.

[0003] Traditional feed additives are usually chemical synthetic drugs, which have certain effects on protecting liver and kidney, but their abuse can easily cause serious negative effects. On the one hand, the use of low-dose chemical synthetic drugs as growth promoters leads to the increase of drug resistance of pathogenic microorganisms, forming the risk of "super bacteria" and threatening human health through livestock and poultry product residues; on the other hand, the wrong use of chemical drugs directly increases the metabolic load of liver and kidney, and even causes drug-induced liver and kidney damage. Although trace element supplements and vitamin products can be used to alleviate nutritional imbalance, their single action cannot solve the problem of liver and kidney damage from the root.

[0004] In recent years, natural plant feed additives have become a research and application hotspot in the industry due to their advantages of multi-target, low residue and not easy to produce drug resistance. Natural plants contain various bioactive components such as polysaccharides, flavonoids, alkaloids and volatile oils, which can play a role through multiple pathways such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and metabolic regulation, and can protect liver and kidney while possibly improving immunity and promoting growth. However, the existing natural plant feed additives also have obvious shortcomings, such as the unfulfilled synergistic effect, the existing products are mostly single plant extracts or simple mixtures, and the scientific compounding according to the efficacy characteristics of different plant components has not been carried out, making it difficult to achieve synergistic effect among components and resulting in limited liver and kidney protection effect. Therefore, it is a technical problem to be solved in the current livestock breeding field to develop a feed additive which is scientifically compounded by multiple natural plants, has synergistic effect, can comprehensively protect liver and kidney function of livestock and poultry and is safe and residue-free. SUMMARY

[0005] (I) Technical problems solved

[0006] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a natural plant feed additive for protecting liver and kidney of livestock and poultry and a preparation method thereof.

[0007] (II) Technical solutions

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present application is realized by the following technical solutions:

[0009] The present application provides a natural plant feed additive for protecting liver and kidney of livestock and poultry, which is made of the following raw materials in weight fraction: 5-25 parts of Centella asiatica, 5-25 parts of Rubus corchorifolius, 3-22 parts of Gentiana scabra, 3-22 parts of Phyllanthus urinaria, 1-20 parts of Ilicis latifoliae, 1-20 parts of Radix Isatidis, 3-22 parts of Polyporus umbellatus, 1-20 parts of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride, 1-15 parts of Uncariae Ramulus-spathulatus, 1-18 parts of Cyrtomium fortunei, 1-20 parts of Steatite, 1-13 parts of Eleutherococcus senticosus, and 1-20 parts of Cinnamomum cassia.

[0010] Specifically, the natural plant feed additive is made of the following raw materials in weight fraction: 10-20 parts of Centella asiatica, 10-20 parts of Rubus corchorifolius, 8-16 parts of Gentiana scabra, 8-16 parts of Phyllanthus urinaria, 5-15 parts of Ilicis latifoliae, 5-15 parts of Radix Isatidis, 8-16 parts of Polyporus umbellatus, 5-15 parts of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride, 3-10 parts of Uncariae Ramulus-spathulatus, 4-12 parts of Cyrtomium fortunei, 5-15 parts of Steatite, 3-9 parts of Eleutherococcus senticosus, and 5-15 parts of Cinnamomum cassia.

[0011] Specifically, the natural plant feed additive is made of the following raw materials in weight fraction: 15 parts of Centella asiatica, 15 parts of Rubus corchorifolius, 12 parts of Gentiana scabra, 12 parts of Phyllanthus urinaria, 10 parts of Ilicis latifoliae, 10 parts of Radix Isatidis, 12 parts of Polyporus umbellatus, 10 parts of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride, 5 parts of Uncariae Ramulus-spathulatus, 8 parts of Cyrtomium fortunei, 10 parts of Steatite, 7 parts of Eleutherococcus senticosus, and 10 parts of Cinnamomum cassia.

[0012] The present application provides a preparation method of the natural plant feed additive for protecting liver and kidney of livestock and poultry, which comprises the following steps:

[0013] (1) Raw material pretreatment: each raw material is weighed according to the above weight fraction, and then washed, dried, and crushed to pass through an 80-mesh sieve.

[0014] (2) Mixing and extraction: the crushed raw materials are mixed, and 4-8 times the total weight of the raw materials of water is added, and then ultrasonic extraction is performed for 2-3 times at room temperature, each time for 20-40 min, and the extraction liquid is combined.

[0015] (3) Concentration and drying: the extraction liquid is concentrated under reduced pressure at 45-65℃ to a relative density of 1.10-1.25 to obtain an extract, and then the extract is spray-dried to obtain the natural plant feed additive of the present application.

[0016] The effects of each natural plant in the natural plant feed additive of the present application are as follows:

[0017] Centella asiatica: bitter and pungent in taste, cold in nature, and belongs to liver, spleen and kidney channels; has the effects of clearing heat and reducing dampness, detoxifying and detumescence; used for treating damp-heat jaundice, heatstroke, diarrhea, urolithiasis, blood stones, carbuncle and sore, and injury.

[0018] Ganhuangcao: It has a sweet taste and warm nature, and enters the liver and kidney meridians; it has the effects of promoting diuresis and removing dampness, removing blood stasis and relieving pain; it is used for jaundice, edema, traumatic injuries, swelling and pain.

[0019] Gentian root: bitter in taste, cold in nature, enters the liver and gallbladder meridians; has the effects of clearing heat and drying dampness, purging liver and gallbladder fire; used for damp-heat jaundice, vulvar swelling and itching, leukorrhea, priapism, eczema and itching, red eyes, deafness, hypochondriac pain, bitter taste in the mouth, and infantile convulsions.

[0020] Phyllanthus urinaria: slightly bitter and sweet in taste, cool in nature; it has the effects of clearing heat and promoting diuresis, improving eyesight, and eliminating food stagnation; it is used for nephritis edema, urinary tract infection, stones, enteritis, dysentery, infantile malnutrition, keratitis, and jaundice hepatitis.

[0021] Holly berries: sweet and bitter in taste, cool in nature, and enter the liver and kidney meridians; they have the effects of tonifying the liver and kidneys, dispelling wind and dampness, stopping bleeding and astringing sores; they are used for premature graying of hair, wind-induced arthralgia, bleeding from peptic ulcers, hemorrhoids, and non-healing ulcers.

[0022] Isatis root: bitter in taste, cold in nature, enters the heart and stomach meridians; has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, cooling blood and relieving sore throat; used for febrile diseases, fever and sore throat, febrile rashes, mumps, erysipelas, epidemic parotitis, erysipelas, and carbuncles.

[0023] Polyporus umbellatus: sweet and bland in taste, neutral in nature; enters the kidney and bladder meridians; has the effect of promoting diuresis and eliminating dampness; used for dysuria, edema, diarrhea, urinary tract infection, and leukorrhea.

[0024] Areca peel: It has a pungent taste and slightly warm nature. It enters the spleen, stomach, large intestine, and small intestine meridians. It has the effects of regulating qi and relieving abdominal distension, promoting diuresis and reducing swelling. It is used for dampness obstructing qi, abdominal distension, incomplete defecation, edema, beriberi, and difficulty urinating.

[0025] Uncaria rhynchophylla: sweet in taste and cool in nature, it enters the liver and pericardium meridians; it has the effects of calming wind and relieving convulsions, clearing heat and calming the liver; it is used for internal liver wind, epilepsy and convulsions, high fever convulsions, cold with convulsions, infantile convulsions, eclampsia, headache and dizziness.

[0026] Dryopteris crassirhizoma: bitter in taste, slightly cold in nature, enters the liver and stomach meridians; has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, and expelling parasites; used for abdominal pain due to intestinal parasites and sores.

[0027] Talc: It tastes sweet and bland, and is cold in nature. It enters the bladder, lung, and stomach meridians. It has the effects of promoting urination and relieving strangury, clearing heat and relieving summer heat. It is used for urinary tract infections, urinary stones, painful and burning urination, thirst due to summer heat and dampness, and diarrhea due to damp heat.

[0028] Acanthopanax bark: It is pungent and bitter in taste, warm in nature, and enters the liver and kidney meridians; it has the effects of dispelling wind and dampness, tonifying the liver and kidneys, strengthening tendons and bones, and promoting diuresis and reducing swelling; it is used for rheumatic arthralgia, weakness of tendons and bones, delayed walking in children, physical weakness and fatigue, edema, and beriberi.

[0029] Cassia twig: bitter, sweet, warm; return to the heart, lungs, bladder; has the effect of sweating and resolving the muscle, warming the meridian, helping the Yang and the gas, and the function of the lung; for colds, abdominal pain, blood cold, joint pain, phlegm, edema, palpitations, and the like.

[0030] (Three) beneficial effects

[0031] The application provides a kind of natural plant feed additive for livestock and poultry protection liver and kidney and preparation method, the natural plant feed additive is made of 13 Chinese herbal medicines of Centella asiatica, chases yellow grass, gentian, Phyllanthus urinaria, winter son, isatis root, polyporus, big belly skin, Uncaria, Rhizoma Corydalis, talc, ginseng bark, cassia twig, in the prescription, the monarch drug Centella asiatica, chases yellow grass, gentian, Phyllanthus urinaria, winter son, isatis root, polyporus, big belly skin, Uncaria, Rhizoma Corydalis, talc, ginseng bark, cassia twig, the core effect of clearing heat and dampness, detoxifying liver, and the function of the kidney orifice is played together; the auxiliary drug Phyllanthus urinaria, winter son, isatis root, polyporus, big belly skin, Uncaria, Rhizoma Corydalis, talc, ginseng bark, cassia twig, not only strengthen the power of clearing heat and detoxifying, but also can pass through the waterway to assist in discharging liver and kidney dampness, so that the whole prescription attacks evil and does not harm the normal; the medicine cassia twig leads the medicine to liver and kidney directly, and the cold and cool nature of the medicine is adjusted, so that the whole prescription is cold and not stagnated, and warm and unifies each other. The present application follows the principle of "liver and kidney homology" of traditional Chinese veterinary medicine, and forms the overall effect of "clearing heat and dampness, detoxifying liver, nourishing kidney and collateral, and regulating qi movement" through multi-level synergistic effect, realizes the targeted regulation and systematic protection of liver and kidney function of livestock and poultry, achieves the purpose of treating the symptoms and the root cause, and has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] (1) Multidimensional liver protection function for acute liver injury laying hen: in the aspect of liver function maintenance, the natural plant feed additive of the application can significantly inhibit serum ALT, AST and ALP activity, reduce TBIL level, indicating that it has protective effect on liver cell membrane structure, can effectively reduce enzyme escape caused by damage, and can improve cholestasis state and maintain bilirubin metabolism homeostasis; in the aspect of antioxidant defense, it can significantly enhance SOD and GSH-Px activity, restore T-AOC, and reduce MDA generation, build endogenous antioxidant barrier, and effectively block the cascade damage reaction caused by oxidative stress.

[0033] (2) Multi-target comprehensive physiological regulation effect on finishing pigs: In terms of liver protection, the natural plant feed additive of the application effectively relieves liver metabolic stress by reducing the activities of serum ALT and AST of finishing pigs; in terms of protein metabolism optimization, the serum TP and ALB contents of the test group show a dose-dependent upward trend, indicating that it can enhance protein synthesis efficiency and improve the nitrogen balance of the body by regulating the amino acid metabolism pathway; in the safety verification of the kidney, there is no statistically significant difference in the serum BUN and Cr contents of the finishing pigs in each group, and all the indicators are within the physiological reference range, confirming that it has no risk of abnormal kidney function; in terms of growth performance improvement, under the premise of stable feed intake, the natural plant feed additive of the application can significantly improve the average daily gain and reduce the feed conversion ratio, indicating that it can realize growth promotion effect by optimizing the efficiency of nutrient allocation.

[0034] The application verifies the scientific value of the natural plant feed in the healthy breeding of livestock and poultry through modern pharmacological research methods, and provides a new solution for the development of green and efficient functional feed additives. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 For comparison of the growth performance of each group of finishing pigs, note that compared with the control group, * P<0.05, ** P<0.01.

[0036] Figure 2 For comparison of the serum biochemical indicators (AST, ALT, TP, ALB, BUN, Cr) of each group of finishing pigs, note that compared with the control group, * P<0.05, ** P<0.01. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the application clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the application will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the embodiments of the application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the application.

[0038] Embodiment 1

[0039] The natural plant feed additive for protecting the liver and kidney of livestock and poultry is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: Centella asiatica 15 parts, Rubus parvifolius 15 parts, Gentiana scabra 12 parts, Phyllanthus urinaria 12 parts, Illicium lanceolatum 10 parts, Isatis indigotica 10 parts, Polyporus umbellatus 12 parts, Poria cocos 10 parts, Uncaria tomentosa 5 parts, Cyrtomium fortunei 8 parts, talc 10 parts, Eleutherococcus senticosus 7 parts, Cinnamomum cassia 10 parts.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the natural plant feed additive is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: Centella asiatica 5 parts, Rubus corchorifolius 5 parts, Gentiana 3 parts, Phyllanthus 3 parts, Illicium lanceolatum 1 part, Isatidis radix 1 part, Polyporus 3 parts, Poria cocos 1 part, Uncaria 1 part, Cyrtomium 1 part, Steatite 1 part, Eleutherococcus 1 part, Cinnamomum 1 part.

[0042] Example 3

[0043] The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the natural plant feed additive is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: Centella asiatica 22 parts, Rubus corchorifolius 22 parts, Gentiana 20 parts, Phyllanthus 18 parts, Illicium lanceolatum 15 parts, Isatidis radix 16 parts, Polyporus 18 parts, Poria cocos 13 parts, Uncaria 11 parts, Cyrtomium 15 parts, Steatite 16 parts, Eleutherococcus 12 parts, Cinnamomum 12 parts.

[0044] Example 4

[0045] The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the natural plant feed additive is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: Centella asiatica 7 parts, Rubus corchorifolius 7 parts, Gentiana 5 parts, Phyllanthus 5 parts, Illicium lanceolatum 3 parts, Isatidis radix 3 parts, Polyporus 5 parts, Poria cocos 3 parts, Uncaria 2 parts, Cyrtomium 4 parts, Steatite 3 parts, Eleutherococcus 2 parts, Cinnamomum 3 parts.

[0046] Example 5

[0047] The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the natural plant feed additive is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: Centella asiatica 10 parts, Rubus corchorifolius 10 parts, Gentiana 8 parts, Phyllanthus 7 parts, Illicium lanceolatum 6 parts, Isatidis radix 6 parts, Polyporus 8 parts, Poria cocos 6 parts, Uncaria 4 parts, Cyrtomium 6 parts, Steatite 7 parts, Eleutherococcus 5 parts, Cinnamomum 5 parts.

[0048] Example 6

[0049] The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the natural plant feed additive is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: Centella asiatica 25 parts, Rubus corchorifolius 25 parts, Gentiana 22 parts, Phyllanthus 22 parts, Illicium lanceolatum 20 parts, Isatidis radix 20 parts, Polyporus 22 parts, Poria cocos 20 parts, Uncaria 15 parts, Cyrtomium 18 parts, Steatite 20 parts, Eleutherococcus 13 parts, Cinnamomum 20 parts.

[0050] Example 7

[0051] The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that the natural plant feed additive is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: Centella asiatica 18 parts, Herba rubescens 18 parts, Gentiana 18 parts, Phyllanthus 15 parts, Wintergreen 12 parts, Radix isatidis 13 parts, Polyporus 16 parts, Cortex lycii 15 parts, Uncaria 8 parts, Cyrtomium 13 parts, Steatite 12 parts, Cortex acanthopanacis 9 parts, Cinnamomum 15 parts.

[0052] Test Example 1

[0053] Protective effect of the natural plant feed of the application on acute chemical liver injury of laying hens

[0054] 1. Materials and methods

[0055] 1.1 Test drugs

[0056] Test 1 group: Centella asiatica 15 parts, Herba rubescens 15 parts, Gentiana 12 parts, Phyllanthus 12 parts, Wintergreen 10 parts, Radix isatidis 10 parts, Polyporus 12 parts, Cortex lycii 10 parts, Uncaria 5 parts, Cyrtomium 8 parts, Steatite 10 parts, Cortex acanthopanacis 7 parts, Cinnamomum 10 parts.

[0057] Test 2 group: Herba rubescens 15 parts, Gentiana 12 parts, Wintergreen 10 parts, Radix isatidis 10 parts, Polyporus 12 parts, Cyrtomium 8 parts, Steatite 10 parts, Cortex acanthopanacis 7 parts, Cinnamomum 10 parts.

[0058] Test 3 group: Centella asiatica 15 parts, Gentiana 12 parts, Phyllanthus 12 parts, Radix isatidis 10 parts, Polyporus 12 parts, Cortex lycii 10 parts, Uncaria 5 parts, Cortex acanthopanacis 7 parts, Cinnamomum 10 parts.

[0059] Test 4 group: Centella asiatica 15 parts, Herba rubescens 15 parts, Phyllanthus 12 parts, Wintergreen 10 parts, Cortex lycii 10 parts, Uncaria 5 parts, Cyrtomium 8 parts, Steatite 10 parts.

[0060] The raw materials are weighed according to the above weight parts, washed, dried, and crushed to pass through an 80-mesh sieve; the crushed raw materials are mixed, 6 times the total weight of the raw materials of water is added, and ultrasonic extraction is carried out at room temperature for 2 times, 30 min each time, and the extraction liquids are combined; the extraction liquid is concentrated to an extract with a relative density of 1.10 at 45°C under reduced pressure, and is spray-dried into a powder to obtain the natural plant feed additives of test 1-4 groups.

[0061] 1.2 Grouping of test animals, modeling, and administration

[0062] 300 healthy 200-day-old laying hens were randomly divided into 6 groups, namely blank group, model group and test groups 1-4, 50 in each group. The blank group was fed with the basic diet, and the other groups were fed with the basic diet added with 0.5 mg / kg AFB1 and 200 mg / kg of natural plant additives corresponding to each test group, for 21 days. The basic diet was formulated according to NRC (1994) laying hen nutritional requirements, and each nutritional index met the nutritional requirements of laying hens.

[0063] 1.3 Detection index

[0064] 1.3.1 Serum biochemical index

[0065] On the 21st day of the experiment, 12 laying hens were randomly selected from each treatment group for subclavicular vein blood collection. After centrifugation of whole blood samples at 4°C and 3000 rpm for 10 min, serum was separated, and the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the content of total bilirubin (TBIL) in the serum of each group of laying hens were detected according to the methods of the detection kit instruction book.

[0066] 1.3.2 Liver tissue homogenate index

[0067] After blood collection, the laying hens were euthanized and dissected, and the liver tissue was peeled off and rinsed with pre-cooled physiological saline. After the surface residual blood was absorbed with filter paper, the liver tissue was divided into 0.5 g tissue blocks, pre-cooled physiological saline was added at a ratio of 1:9 (w / v), and the liver was fully ground into tissue homogenate using a tissue homogenizer in an ice bath environment. After centrifugation of the homogenate at 4°C and 10000×g for 15 min, the supernatant was taken, and the activities of total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver tissue homogenate of each group of laying hens were determined according to the requirements of the corresponding detection kit instruction book.

[0068] 1.4 Statistical method

[0069] The data were analyzed using Graphpad Prism 8 statistical software, and the experimental data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation , and the comparison between groups was performed using one-way ANOVA, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

[0070] 2 Results

[0071] 2.1 Effect of each test group on serum biochemical index of laying hens

[0072] As shown in Table 2, compared with the blank group, the activities of serum ALT, AST and ALP and the level of TBIL of the model group were significantly increased (P<0.01), indicating that the laying hen liver injury model was successfully constructed; compared with the model group, the serum liver injury related indexes of test groups 1-4 were decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01), among which, the decreasing trend of test group 1 was the most significant, indicating that the natural plant feed of the application can effectively improve the liver function of laying hens and reduce liver injury through multi-target synergistic effect.

[0073] Table 2 Comparison of serum biochemical indexes of laying hens in each group

[0074]

[0075] Note: Different letters in the same column indicate significant difference (P<0.05), and the same letter indicates no significant difference (P>0.05).

[0076] 2.2 Effect of each test group on liver tissue homogenate indexes of laying hens

[0077] As shown in Table 3, compared with the blank group, the activities of SOD and GSH-Px and the ability of T-AOC in the liver tissue homogenate of the model group were significantly reduced (P<0.01), and the content of MDA was significantly increased (P<0.01); compared with the model group, the activities of SOD and GSH-Px and the ability of T-AOC in the liver tissue homogenate of each test group were increased to different degrees, and the content of MDA was significantly reduced (P<0.05, P<0.01), and the regulation effect of test group 1 on the liver tissue homogenate indexes of laying hens was the most significant, indicating that the natural plant feed of the application can effectively enhance the antioxidant capacity of the liver of laying hens, reduce oxidative stress injury, and further protect the liver function.

[0078] Table 3 Comparison of liver tissue homogenate indexes of laying hens in each group

[0079]

[0080] Note: Different letters in the same column indicate significant difference (P<0.05), and the same letter indicates no significant difference (P>0.05).

[0081] 3. Conclusion

[0082] The above test results reveal that the natural plant feed of the present application realizes the liver protection function through multi-dimensional action mechanism: in the liver function maintenance aspect, the natural plant feed of the present application can significantly inhibit the serum ALT, AST activity, indicating that it has a protective effect on the liver cell membrane structure, and can effectively reduce the enzyme escape caused by damage; by reducing the ALP activity and TBIL level, it is confirmed that it can improve the bile duct excretion function, relieve the bile stasis state, and maintain the bilirubin metabolism homeostasis. In the antioxidant defense aspect, the natural plant feed of the present application can significantly enhance the SOD, GSH-Px activity, restore T-AOC, and form an endogenous antioxidant barrier; at the same time, by inhibiting the lipid peroxidation reaction, reducing the MDA generation amount, and blocking the oxidative stress cascade damage.

[0083] The comparison between groups shows that the test group 1 has significant advantages in the regulation of liver enzyme spectrum, improvement of bilirubin metabolism and antioxidant capacity, etc. The test groups 2-4 lack some components, resulting in an incomplete active ingredient network, and the protection effect is significantly weaker than that of the test group 1. The results not only show that the multiple components in the natural plant feed of the present application have synergistic effect, but also provide a scientific basis for the development of functional feed, especially in exploring green and safe liver protection feed, which has important application value.

[0084] Test Example 2

[0085] Effect of the natural plant feed of the present application on the kidney function and production performance of fattening pigs

[0086] 1. Materials and methods

[0087] 1.1 Test drug

[0088] 15 parts of Gynostemma pentaphyllum, 15 parts of Artemisia japonica, 12 parts of Gentiana scabra, 12 parts of Phyllanthus urinaria, 10 parts of Illicium lanceolatum, 10 parts of Isatidis radix, 12 parts of Polyporus umbellatus, 10 parts of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride, 5 parts of Uncaria, 8 parts of Cyrtomium fortunei, 10 parts of talc, 7 parts of Acanthopanax giraldii Harms, and 10 parts of Cinnamomum cassia. According to the above weight fraction, each raw material is washed, dried, and crushed to pass through an 80-mesh sieve; the crushed raw materials are mixed, 6 times the total weight of the raw materials of water is added, and ultrasonic extraction is carried out at room temperature for 2 times, 30 min each time, and the extraction liquids are combined; the extraction liquid is concentrated to an extract with a relative density of 1.10 at 45°C under reduced pressure, and is spray dried into a powder to obtain the natural plant feed additive of the present application.

[0089] 1.2 Test design

[0090] Select 120 head 60 days old, weight similar and good health of three hybrid (Du × Chang × big) fattening pigs, male and female each half, randomly divided into 4 groups, namely control group, the natural plant feed low dose group of the application, the natural plant feed medium dose group of the application, the natural plant feed high dose group of the application, 5 replicates each group, 6 heads each replicate. The control group was fed with basic feed, and the test group was fed with 5 g / kg, 10 g / kg, 20 g / kg natural plant feed additive in the basic diet, for 8 weeks. The basic feed was prepared according to NRC (2012) pig nutrition requirement standard.

[0091] 1.3 Feeding management

[0092] The house was cleaned and disinfected before the test started, and the pigs were dewormed and immunized strictly according to the management system and epidemic prevention system of the pig farm during the test. During the test, the pigs were allowed to eat and drink freely, the house was cleaned every day, disinfected regularly, kept clean and tidy, ventilated well, and the temperature and humidity were suitable.

[0093] 1.4 Detection index

[0094] 1.4.1 Growth performance

[0095] The body weight of all pigs in each test group was weighed 1 day before the test started and the day the test ended; the feed intake and residual amount of each replicate group were recorded daily. After the test, the average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed gain ratio (F / G) of each test group were calculated.

[0096] Average daily gain (kg) = (final weight - initial weight) / test days

[0097] Average daily feed intake (kg) = total feed intake / test days

[0098] Feed gain ratio = average daily feed intake / average daily gain

[0099] 1.4.2 Serum biochemical index

[0100] After the test, all pigs were fasted for 12 h without water, 2 fattening pigs were randomly selected in each replicate for antecubital vein blood sampling, and the blood was placed at room temperature for 1.5 h, then centrifuged at 3500 rpm, 4℃ for 10 min, the upper serum was taken, and the contents of glutathione transaminase (ALT), glutathione transaminase (AST), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) were detected according to the kit instructions.

[0101] 1.5 Statistical method

[0102] The data were analyzed using Graphpad Prism 8 statistical software. Experimental data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The data indicates that one-way ANOVA was used for comparisons between groups, and a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

[0103] 2 Results

[0104] 2.1 Effects of each drug administration group on the growth performance of fattening pigs

[0105] Depend on Figure 1 It can be seen that, compared with the control group, the average daily weight gain of fattening pigs in each treatment group was significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01), the average daily feed intake was not significantly different, and the feed conversion ratio was significantly decreased (P<0.05). This indicates that the natural plant feed of the present invention can effectively promote the growth and development of fattening pigs and significantly improve feed utilization efficiency.

[0106] 2.2 Effects of each treatment group on serum biochemical parameters of fattening pigs

[0107] Depend on Figure 2 It was found that, compared with the control group, the serum AST and ALT activities of fattening pigs in each treatment group were significantly reduced (P<0.05, P<0.01), indicating that the natural plant feed of the present invention can alleviate liver damage; the TP and ALB contents were significantly increased (P<0.05), indicating that the natural plant feed of the present invention has the effect of promoting protein metabolism in fattening pigs; although the BUN and Cr contents showed an increasing trend, they did not reach a significant effect (P>0.05), indicating that the natural plant feed of the present invention does not cause significant renal burden on fattening pigs. In addition, all serum biochemical indicators in this experiment were within the normal range, indicating that the natural plant feed of the present invention has no negative impact on the health of fattening pigs.

[0108] 3. Conclusion

[0109] Enzymes as catalytic animal body biochemical reaction and metabolic process of key biological catalyst, in which serum ALT, AST activity is an important indicator of liver health assessment. Liver injury can cause ALT, AST release, and the natural plant feed of the application can significantly reduce the serum AST, ALT activity of fattening pigs, confirming its role in relieving liver damage. Serum TP and ALB content is a core parameter reflecting the efficiency of protein metabolism, and the natural plant feed additive of the application can significantly increase the serum TP and ALB content of fattening pigs, suggesting that the feed may promote protein metabolism. In terms of kidney function indicators, serum BUN and Cr content showed a slight upward trend, but none reached a significant level, indicating that the addition amount did not cause significant kidney burden. All serum biochemical indicators are in the physiological normal range, which verifies its application safety. At the same time, the feed can significantly improve the growth performance of fattening pigs, which is manifested as the increase of average daily gain, the decrease of feed conversion ratio and the stable daily feed intake. In summary, the natural plant feed of the application has liver and kidney protection function while improving production performance, and the use safety is reliable, which has the application potential as a green feed additive.

[0110] The above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not to limit it; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing examples, or make equivalent replacement for part of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A natural plant-based feed additive for protecting the liver and kidneys of livestock and poultry, characterized in that, The natural plant feed additive is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts Centella asiatica, 15 parts Gynostemma pentaphyllum, 12 parts Gentiana scabra, 12 parts Phyllanthus urinaria, 10 parts Ilex chinensis, 10 parts Isatis indigotica, 12 parts Polyporus umbellatus, 10 parts Areca catechu, 5 parts Uncaria rhynchophylla, 8 parts Dryopteris crassirhizoma, 10 parts Talcum, 7 parts Acanthopanax senticosus, and 10 parts Cinnamomum cassia.

2. The preparation method of the natural plant feed additive for protecting the liver and kidneys of livestock and poultry as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Raw material pretreatment: Weigh each raw material according to the above weight proportions, wash, dry, and crush them through an 80-mesh sieve; (2) Mixed extraction: Mix the pulverized raw materials, add 4-8 times the total weight of water, and extract by ultrasonication 2-3 times at room temperature, each time for 20-40 minutes. Combine the extracts. (3) Concentration and drying: The extract is concentrated under reduced pressure at 45-65℃ to a paste with a relative density of 1.10-1.25, and then spray-dried into powder to obtain a natural plant feed additive.

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