Feed for cultivating broad loach and preparation method thereof

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, specifically a feed for raising earthworms and its preparation method. The invention uses corn stalks, well-rotted cow manure, and Panax notoginseng residue as core raw materials, supplemented with functional additives such as oyster shell powder and brewer's yeast sludge, optimizing the carbon-nitrogen ratio and trace elements (such as selenium) to ensure nutritional and medicinal value. Specifically, the Panax notoginseng residue, after fermentation with honey water, combined with other components in the feed, effectively promotes the growth of earthworms and enhances their medicinal value. The main raw materials, after pretreatment, are mixed with auxiliary materials for composting, temperature-controlled turning, and pH adjustment to achieve efficient degradation and sterilization, resulting in a feed that promotes the growth of earthworms and enhances their medicinal value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, specifically a feed for raising earthworms and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Pheretima aspergillum, a core variety in the Chinese medicinal herb market, holds an irreplaceable position in the Lingnan authentic medicinal herb system. Its pharmacological value primarily stems from highly active lumbrokinase, which has been clinically verified to increase the thrombolysis rate of cerebral thrombosis by over 50%. However, the physiological characteristics of Pheretima aspergillum make its artificial cultivation far more difficult than other earthworm species. Its unique locomotion pattern (deep burrowing, surface foraging) creates a special soil pore structure, maintaining intestinal microbial diversity. Its intestinal enzyme system has a lower efficiency in nutrient absorption than ordinary earthworms, requiring meticulous processing of feed components, such as a strict carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. An imbalance in the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio can lead to skin corrosion in Pheretima aspergillum, reducing its survival rate.

[0003] Due to the overhunting and killing of wild earthworms, the ecological environment has been severely damaged, and artificial breeding has gradually gained attention. However, compared with most farmed species, earthworms are difficult to breed, have a low survival rate, and are quite wild. Research in this area is still in the preliminary exploration stage. There is no mature feed and technology for artificially cultivating earthworm seedlings. Not only is the survival rate low, but the medicinal properties of artificially bred earthworms are also slightly inferior to those of wild earthworms. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new feed for breeding earthworms that can improve the survival rate and medicinal properties of artificially bred earthworms.

[0004] CN 114009599 A discloses an artificial breeding feed that promotes the rapid growth of *Earthworm*, which uses livestock and poultry waste, straw, fruit and vegetable waste, multivitamins, amino acids, and glucose as components, and strictly controls the carbon-nitrogen ratio. It can promote the rapid growth of *Earthworm* seedlings and improve the soil microbial environment; however, there is no exploration on improving the survival rate and medicinal properties of artificially bred *Earthworm*. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a feed for raising earthworms and a method for preparing the same.

[0006] A feed for raising earthworms, by weight percentage, consists of the following components:

[0007] 30-40wt% crushed corn stalks;

[0008] 30-50wt% well-rotted cow manure;

[0009] 5-15wt% fermented Panax notoginseng residue;

[0010] 6-10wt% oyster shell powder;

[0011] 3-8wt% brewer's yeast sludge;

[0012] 0.001-0.005wt% sodium selenite;

[0013] 0.5-2wt% stachyose.

[0014] Preferably, the feed for raising earthworms comprises, by weight percentage, the following components:

[0015] 33-38 wt% crushed corn stalks;

[0016] 35-45wt% well-rotted cow manure;

[0017] 8-12wt% fermented Panax notoginseng residue;

[0018] 7-9wt% oyster shell powder;

[0019] 4-6wt% brewer's yeast slurry;

[0020] 0.001-0.003wt% sodium selenite;

[0021] 0.5-1.5wt% stachyose.

[0022] Preferably, the feed for raising earthworms comprises, by weight percentage, the following components:

[0023] 35.998 wt% crushed corn stalks;

[0024] 40wt% well-rotted cow manure;

[0025] 10wt% fermented Panax notoginseng residue;

[0026] 8wt% oyster shell powder;

[0027] 5 wt% brewer's yeast slurry;

[0028] 0.002wt% sodium selenite;

[0029] 1wt% stachyose.

[0030] This invention also provides a method for preparing feed for raising earthworms, comprising the following steps:

[0031] (1) Raw material pretreatment: Corn stalks are processed into 1-2cm fragments by hammer mill and passed through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain crushed corn stalks; cow manure is mixed with zeolite powder (the amount of zeolite powder added is 4-6wt% of the mass of cow manure), piled for 36-72h, and turned over 1-3 times to obtain decomposed cow manure; Panax notoginseng residue is sprayed with molasses water at a concentration of 1.5-3wt% and the amount of spraying is 6-10wt% of the mass of Panax notoginseng residue, sealed and fermented at 39-41℃ for 60-84h to obtain fermented Panax notoginseng residue;

[0032] (2) By mass percentage, add 30-40wt% crushed corn stalks, 30-50wt% decomposed cow manure, 5-15wt% fermented Panax notoginseng residue, 3-8wt% brewer's yeast mud, and 0.5-2wt% stachyose into a mixer and mix evenly to obtain raw materials. Add water to 65wt% of the raw materials and inoculate with EM bacterial solution at an inoculation rate of 4-6mL / kg. Continue stirring for 10-20min, then pour out of the mixer and pile into a trapezoidal pile with a bottom width of 1.2m and a height of 1m. Cover with burlap to keep it moist. Turn the pile on the 3rd, 5th, and 7th days and keep it at 55-60℃ for 72-96h. When the temperature is higher than 65℃, spread it out to dry immediately. On the 4th day, sprinkle in oyster shell powder, the mass of which accounts for 6-10wt% of the total mass of the raw materials. Adjust the pH of the raw materials to 6.8-7.2. Fermentation ends after 7 days to obtain fermented raw materials.

[0033] (3) Spray sodium selenite solution into the fermentation raw material obtained in step (2), spraying at a mass of sodium selenite of 0.001-0.005 wt% of the total mass of the raw material, and stir evenly to obtain the feed for the cultivated earthworm.

[0034] The sodium selenite solution contains 0.1-0.2 g / L sodium selenite.

[0035] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0036] This invention aims to prepare a feed for raising earthworms by balancing raw material selection, scientific formulation, and phased process control. This feed achieves a high survival rate for earthworms and enhances their medicinal components. The formula primarily uses agricultural waste, keeping costs under control, and ensures stable feed quality through three stages: pretreatment, primary fermentation, and post-processing.

[0037] This invention uses corn stalks, well-rotted cow manure, and Panax notoginseng residue as core raw materials, supplemented with functional additives such as oyster shell powder and brewer's yeast sludge, to optimize the carbon-nitrogen ratio and trace elements (such as selenium) and ensure nutritional and medicinal value. First, crushing the corn stalks helps to increase the fermentation rate; second, pre-compiling the cow manure with zeolite powder reduces the release of ammonia from the manure; finally, this invention found that fermenting Panax notoginseng residue with honey water, supplemented with other components in the feed, can effectively promote the growth of earthworms and enhance their medicinal value. This invention hypothesizes that this is because the triterpenoid saponins remaining in the Panax notoginseng residue are hydrophobic substances, which are almost impossible for earthworms to absorb directly. Fermentation with honey water effectively hydrolyzes the saponin glycosides, reducing the polarity of the aglycones, allowing them to penetrate the earthworm's epidermis and improving absorption efficiency. These hydrolyzed saponin glycosides effectively promote the growth of earthworms and enhance their medicinal value. After pretreatment, the main raw materials are mixed with auxiliary materials for composting, temperature control, turning, and pH adjustment to achieve efficient degradation and sterilization, resulting in a feed that can promote the growth of earthworms and enhance their medicinal value. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The following examples further illustrate the specific implementation of the present invention. Any processes not specifically described in detail are those that can be implemented or understood by those skilled in the art by referring to existing technology. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are considered to be conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0039] EM bacterial solution, product number: Bj-sw, Shandong Beijia Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0040] Stachyose, CAS: 10094-58-3.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] A feed for raising earthworms, by weight percentage, consists of the following components:

[0043] 35.998 wt% crushed corn stalks;

[0044] 40wt% well-rotted cow manure;

[0045] 10wt% fermented Panax notoginseng residue;

[0046] 8wt% oyster shell powder;

[0047] 5 wt% brewer's yeast slurry;

[0048] 0.002wt% sodium selenite;

[0049] 1wt% stachyose.

[0050] This invention also provides a method for preparing feed for raising earthworms, comprising the following steps:

[0051] (1) Raw material pretreatment: Corn stalks are processed into 1-2cm fragments by hammer mill and passed through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain crushed corn stalks; cow manure is mixed with zeolite powder (the amount of zeolite powder added is 5wt% of the mass of cow manure), piled for 48h, and turned over twice to obtain decomposed cow manure; Panax notoginseng residue is sprayed with molasses water at a concentration of 2wt% and the amount of spraying is 8wt% of the mass of Panax notoginseng residue, and sealed and fermented at 40℃ for 72h to obtain fermented Panax notoginseng residue;

[0052] (2) By mass percentage, 35.998 wt% of crushed corn stalks, 40 wt% of decomposed cow manure, 10 wt% of fermented Panax notoginseng residue, 5 wt% of brewer's yeast mud, and 1 wt% of stachyose were put into a mixer and mixed evenly to obtain raw materials. Water was added to 65 wt% of the raw materials, and EM bacterial solution was inoculated at an inoculation rate of 5 mL / kg. The mixture was stirred for 15 min and then poured out of the mixer and piled into a trapezoidal pile with a bottom width of 1.2 m and a height of 1 m. The pile was covered with burlap to keep it moist. The pile was turned over on the 3rd, 5th, and 7th days and kept at 58℃ for 72 h. When the temperature was higher than 65℃, it was immediately spread out to dry. On the 4th day, oyster shell powder was sprinkled in. The mass of oyster shell powder accounted for 8 wt% of the total mass of the raw materials. The pH of the raw materials was adjusted to 7.0. Fermentation was completed after 7 days to obtain fermented raw materials.

[0053] (3) Spray sodium selenite solution into the fermentation raw material obtained in step (2), spraying at a mass of sodium selenite of 0.002 wt% of the total mass of the raw material, and stir evenly to obtain the feed for the cultivated earthworm.

[0054] The sodium selenite solution contains 0.1 g / L sodium selenite.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] A feed for raising earthworms, by weight percentage, consists of the following components:

[0057] 35.998 wt% crushed corn stalks;

[0058] 40wt% well-rotted cow manure;

[0059] 10wt% fermented Panax notoginseng residue;

[0060] 8wt% oyster shell powder;

[0061] 5 wt% brewer's yeast slurry;

[0062] 0.002wt% sodium selenite;

[0063] 1wt% stachyose.

[0064] This invention also provides a method for preparing feed for raising earthworms, comprising the following steps:

[0065] (1) Raw material pretreatment: Corn stalks are processed into 1-2cm fragments by hammer mill and passed through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain crushed corn stalks; cow manure is piled up for 48 hours and turned over twice to obtain decomposed cow manure; Panax notoginseng residue is sprayed with molasses water at a concentration of 2wt% and the spraying amount is 8wt% of the mass of Panax notoginseng residue, and sealed and fermented at 40℃ for 72 hours to obtain fermented Panax notoginseng residue;

[0066] (2) By mass percentage, 35.998 wt% of crushed corn stalks, 40 wt% of decomposed cow manure, 10 wt% of fermented Panax notoginseng residue, 5 wt% of brewer's yeast mud, and 1 wt% of stachyose were put into a mixer and mixed evenly to obtain raw materials. Water was added to 65 wt% of the raw materials, and EM bacterial solution was inoculated at an inoculation rate of 5 mL / kg. The mixture was stirred for 15 min and then poured out of the mixer and piled into a trapezoidal pile with a bottom width of 1.2 m and a height of 1 m. The pile was covered with burlap to keep it moist. The pile was turned over on the 3rd, 5th, and 7th days and kept at 58℃ for 72 h. When the temperature was higher than 65℃, it was immediately spread out to dry. On the 4th day, oyster shell powder was sprinkled in. The mass of oyster shell powder accounted for 8 wt% of the total mass of the raw materials. The pH of the raw materials was adjusted to 7.0. Fermentation was completed after 7 days to obtain fermented raw materials.

[0067] (3) Spray sodium selenite solution into the fermentation raw material obtained in step (2), spraying at a mass of sodium selenite of 0.002 wt% of the total mass of the raw material, and stir evenly to obtain the feed for the cultivated earthworm.

[0068] The sodium selenite solution contains 0.1 g / L sodium selenite.

[0069] Example 3

[0070] A feed for raising earthworms, by weight percentage, consists of the following components:

[0071] 35.998 wt% crushed corn stalks;

[0072] 40wt% well-rotted cow manure;

[0073] 10wt% fermented Panax notoginseng residue;

[0074] 8wt% oyster shell powder;

[0075] 5 wt% brewer's yeast slurry;

[0076] 0.002wt% sodium selenite;

[0077] 1wt% stachyose.

[0078] This invention also provides a method for preparing feed for raising earthworms, comprising the following steps:

[0079] (1) Raw material pretreatment: Corn stalks are processed into 1-2cm fragments by hammer mill and passed through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain crushed corn stalks; cow manure is mixed with zeolite powder (the amount of zeolite powder added is 5wt% of the mass of cow manure), piled for 48h, and turned over twice to obtain decomposed cow manure; Panax notoginseng residue is sealed and fermented at 40℃ for 72h to obtain fermented Panax notoginseng residue;

[0080] (2) By mass percentage, 35.998 wt% of crushed corn stalks, 40 wt% of decomposed cow manure, 10 wt% of fermented Panax notoginseng residue, 5 wt% of brewer's yeast mud, and 1 wt% of stachyose were put into a mixer and mixed evenly to obtain raw materials. Water was added to 65 wt% of the raw materials, and EM bacterial solution was inoculated at an inoculation rate of 5 mL / kg. The mixture was stirred for 15 min and then poured out of the mixer and piled into a trapezoidal pile with a bottom width of 1.2 m and a height of 1 m. The pile was covered with burlap to keep it moist. The pile was turned over on the 3rd, 5th, and 7th days and kept at 58℃ for 72 h. When the temperature was higher than 65℃, it was immediately spread out to dry. On the 4th day, oyster shell powder was sprinkled in. The mass of oyster shell powder accounted for 8 wt% of the total mass of the raw materials. The pH of the raw materials was adjusted to 7.0. Fermentation was completed after 7 days to obtain fermented raw materials.

[0081] (3) Spray sodium selenite solution into the fermentation raw material obtained in step (2), spraying at a mass of sodium selenite of 0.002 wt% of the total mass of the raw material, and stir evenly to obtain the feed for the cultivated earthworm.

[0082] The sodium selenite solution contains 0.1 g / L sodium selenite.

[0083] Example 4

[0084] A feed for raising earthworms, by weight percentage, consists of the following components:

[0085] 35.998 wt% crushed corn stalks;

[0086] 40wt% well-rotted cow manure;

[0087] 10wt% Panax notoginseng residue;

[0088] 8wt% oyster shell powder;

[0089] 5 wt% brewer's yeast slurry;

[0090] 0.002wt% sodium selenite;

[0091] 1wt% stachyose.

[0092] This invention also provides a method for preparing feed for raising earthworms, comprising the following steps:

[0093] (1) Raw material pretreatment: Corn stalks are processed into 1-2cm fragments by hammer mill and passed through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain crushed corn stalks; cow manure is mixed with zeolite powder (the amount of zeolite powder added is 5wt% of the mass of cow manure), piled for 48h, and turned over twice to obtain decomposed cow manure.

[0094] (2) By mass percentage, 35.998 wt% of crushed corn stalks, 40 wt% of decomposed cow manure, 10 wt% of Panax notoginseng residue, 5 wt% of brewer's yeast mud, and 1 wt% of stachyose were put into a mixer and mixed evenly to obtain raw materials. Water was added to 65 wt% of the raw materials and EM bacterial solution was inoculated at an inoculation rate of 5 mL / kg. The mixture was stirred for 15 min and then poured out of the mixer and piled into a trapezoidal pile with a bottom width of 1.2 m and a height of 1 m. The pile was covered with burlap to keep it moist. The pile was turned over on the 3rd, 5th, and 7th days and kept at 58℃ for 72 h. When the temperature was higher than 65℃, it was immediately spread out to dry. On the 4th day, oyster shell powder was sprinkled in. The mass of oyster shell powder accounted for 8 wt% of the total mass of the raw materials. The pH of the raw materials was adjusted to 7.0. Fermentation was completed after 7 days to obtain fermented raw materials.

[0095] (3) Spray sodium selenite solution into the fermentation raw material obtained in step (2), spraying at a mass of sodium selenite of 0.002 wt% of the total mass of the raw material, and stir evenly to obtain the feed for the cultivated earthworm.

[0096] The sodium selenite solution contains 0.1 g / L sodium selenite.

[0097] Example 5

[0098] A feed for raising earthworms, by weight percentage, consists of the following components:

[0099] 35.998 wt% crushed corn stalks;

[0100] 40wt% well-rotted cow manure;

[0101] 10wt% fermented Panax notoginseng residue;

[0102] 8wt% oyster shell powder;

[0103] 5 wt% brewer's yeast slurry;

[0104] 0.002wt% sodium selenite;

[0105] 1wt% stachyose.

[0106] This invention also provides a method for preparing feed for raising earthworms, comprising the following steps:

[0107] (1) Raw material pretreatment: Corn stalks are processed into 1-2cm fragments by hammer mill and passed through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain crushed corn stalks; cow manure is mixed with zeolite powder (the amount of zeolite powder added is 5wt% of the mass of cow manure), piled for 48h, and turned over twice to obtain decomposed cow manure; Panax notoginseng residue is sprayed with molasses water at a concentration of 2wt% and the amount of spraying is 8wt% of the mass of Panax notoginseng residue, and sealed and fermented at 40℃ for 72h to obtain fermented Panax notoginseng residue;

[0108] (2) By mass percentage, 35.998 wt% of crushed corn stalks, 40 wt% of decomposed cow manure, 10 wt% of fermented Panax notoginseng residue, 8 wt% of oyster shell powder, 5 wt% of brewer's yeast mud, and 1 wt% of stachyose were put into a mixer and mixed evenly to obtain raw materials. Water was added to 65 wt% of the raw materials, and EM bacterial solution was inoculated at an inoculation rate of 5 mL / kg. The mixture was stirred for 15 min and then poured out of the mixer and piled into a trapezoidal pile with a bottom width of 1.2 m and a height of 1 m. The pile was covered with burlap to keep it moist. The pile was turned over on the 3rd, 5th, and 7th days and kept at 58℃ for 72 h. When the temperature was higher than 65℃, it was immediately spread out to dry. Fermentation was completed after 7 days to obtain fermented raw materials.

[0109] (3) Spray sodium selenite solution into the fermentation raw material obtained in step (2), spraying at a mass of sodium selenite of 0.002 wt% of the total mass of the raw material, and stir evenly to obtain the feed for the cultivated earthworm.

[0110] The sodium selenite solution contains 0.1 g / L sodium selenite.

[0111] Comparative Example 1

[0112] The difference from Example 1 is that fermented Panax notoginseng residue is not added, while the mass ratio of other components remains unchanged;

[0113] The mass ratio of crushed corn stalks, decomposed cow manure, oyster shell powder, brewer's yeast sludge, sodium selenite, and stachyose was 35.998:40:8:5:0.002:1.

[0114] Comparative Example 2

[0115] A feed for raising earthworms, by weight percentage, consists of the following components:

[0116] 35.998 wt% crushed corn stalks;

[0117] 40wt% well-rotted cow manure;

[0118] 10wt% fermented Panax notoginseng residue;

[0119] 8wt% oyster shell powder;

[0120] 5 wt% brewer's yeast slurry;

[0121] 0.002wt% sodium selenite;

[0122] 1wt% stachyose.

[0123] This invention also provides a method for preparing feed for raising earthworms, comprising the following steps:

[0124] (1) Raw material pretreatment: Corn stalks are processed into 1-2cm fragments by hammer mill and passed through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain crushed corn stalks; cow manure is mixed with zeolite powder (the amount of zeolite powder added is 5wt% of the mass of cow manure), piled for 48h, and turned over twice to obtain decomposed cow manure; Panax notoginseng residue is sprayed with molasses water at a concentration of 2wt% and the amount of spraying is 8wt% of the mass of Panax notoginseng residue, and sealed and fermented at 40℃ for 72h to obtain fermented Panax notoginseng residue;

[0125] (2) By mass percentage, 35.998 wt% of crushed corn stalks, 40 wt% of decomposed cow manure, 10 wt% of fermented Panax notoginseng residue, 5 wt% of brewer's yeast mud, and 1 wt% of stachyose were put into a mixer and mixed evenly to obtain raw materials. Water was added to 65 wt% of the raw material mass, and the mixture was stirred for 15 minutes. Then the mixture was poured out of the mixer and piled into a trapezoidal pile with a bottom width of 1.2 m and a height of 1 m. The pile was covered with burlap to keep it moist. The pile was turned over on the 3rd, 5th, and 7th days and kept at 58℃ for 72 hours. When the temperature was higher than 65℃, it was immediately spread out to dry. On the 4th day, oyster shell powder was sprinkled in. The mass of oyster shell powder accounted for 8 wt% of the total mass of the raw materials. The pH of the raw materials was adjusted to 7.0. Fermentation was completed after 7 days to obtain fermented raw materials.

[0126] (3) Spray sodium selenite solution into the fermentation raw material obtained in step (2), spraying at a mass of sodium selenite of 0.002 wt% of the total mass of the raw material, and stir evenly to obtain the feed for the cultivated earthworm.

[0127] The sodium selenite solution contains 0.1 g / L sodium selenite.

[0128] Comparative Example 3

[0129] A feed for raising earthworms, by weight percentage, consists of the following components:

[0130] 35.998 wt% crushed corn stalks;

[0131] 40wt% well-rotted cow manure;

[0132] 10wt% fermented Panax notoginseng residue;

[0133] 8wt% oyster shell powder;

[0134] 5 wt% brewer's yeast slurry;

[0135] 0.002wt% sodium selenite;

[0136] 1wt% stachyose.

[0137] This invention also provides a method for preparing feed for raising earthworms, comprising the following steps:

[0138] (1) Raw material pretreatment: Corn stalks are processed into 1-2cm fragments by hammer mill and passed through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain crushed corn stalks; cow manure is mixed with zeolite powder (the amount of zeolite powder added is 5wt% of the mass of cow manure), piled for 48h, and turned over twice to obtain decomposed cow manure; Panax notoginseng residue is sprayed with molasses water at a concentration of 2wt% and the amount of spraying is 8wt% of the mass of Panax notoginseng residue, and sealed and fermented at 40℃ for 72h to obtain fermented Panax notoginseng residue;

[0139] (2) By mass percentage, 35.998 wt% of crushed corn stalks, 40 wt% of decomposed cow manure, 10 wt% of fermented Panax notoginseng residue, 5 wt% of brewer's yeast mud, and 1 wt% of stachyose were put into a mixer and mixed evenly to obtain raw materials. Water was added to 65 wt% of the raw materials, and EM bacterial solution was inoculated at an inoculation rate of 5 mL / kg. The mixture was stirred for 15 min and then poured out of the mixer and piled into a trapezoidal pile with a bottom width of 1.2 m and a height of 1 m. The pile was covered with burlap to keep it moist. The pile was turned over on the 3rd, 5th, and 7th days and kept at 58℃ for 72 h. When the temperature was higher than 65℃, it was immediately spread out to dry. On the 7th day, oyster shell powder was sprinkled in. The mass of oyster shell powder accounted for 8 wt% of the total mass of the raw materials. The pH of the raw materials was adjusted to 7.0. Fermentation was completed after 7 days to obtain fermented raw materials.

[0140] (3) Spray sodium selenite solution into the fermentation raw material obtained in step (2), spraying at a mass of sodium selenite of 0.002 wt% of the total mass of the raw material, and stir evenly to obtain the feed for the cultivated earthworm.

[0141] The sodium selenite solution contains 0.1 g / L sodium selenite.

[0142] Test Example 1

[0143] Survival rate test of ground worm: 80m 2 The breeding beds, including Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-3, were divided into 8 groups, each group consisting of 10m². 2 The breeding beds were prepared using feed specifically designed for raising *Eriocheir sinensis*. The feed was spread to a thickness of 5 cm across the bed area and covered with damp straw to retain moisture. One hundred *Eriocheir sinensis* seedlings were placed per square meter, and their 30-day survival rate was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0144] Table 1: Survival rate test results of *Geocystis jirovecii*

[0145] 30-day survival rate / % Example 1 92.7 Example 2 81.3 Example 3 85.1 Example 4 78.6 Example 5 80.9 Comparative Example 1 73.8 Comparative Example 2 68.4 Comparative Example 3 75.2

[0146] Test Example 2

[0147] Medicinal value testing of Guangdilong: 80m 2 The breeding beds, including Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-3, were divided into 8 groups, each group consisting of 10m². 2 The breeding bed was prepared using the corresponding feed for raising *Eriocheir sinensis*. The feed was spread according to the area of ​​the breeding bed, with a thickness of 5 cm, and covered with wet straw to retain moisture. There were 100 *Eriocheir sinensis* seedlings per square meter. The lumbrokinase activity was tested after 90 days of breeding. Two seedlings were randomly selected from each square meter for testing, and the average value was taken. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0148] Table 1: Results of Medicinal Value Testing of Guangdilong (Earthworm)

[0149] Lumbrokinase activity (U / g) Example 1 237.6 Example 2 206.5 Example 3 192.8 Example 4 178.3 Example 5 188.7 Comparative Example 1 158.4 Comparative Example 2 143.2 Comparative Example 3 166.9

[0150] As can be seen from Tables 1 and 2, the feed for raising *Earthworm* prepared in the embodiments of the present invention significantly improves the survival rate and medicinal value of *Earthworm* compared to the comparative example, with Example 1 showing the most significant effect. The present invention believes this is because Example 1 uses corn stalks, well-rotted cow manure, and *Panax notoginseng* residue as core raw materials, supplemented with functional additives such as oyster shell powder and brewer's yeast mud, optimizing the carbon-nitrogen ratio and trace elements (such as selenium) to ensure nutritional and medicinal value. First, crushing corn stalks helps to increase the fermentation rate. Second, pre-compiling cow manure mixed with zeolite powder reduces the release of ammonia from the manure. Finally, this invention found that fermenting Panax notoginseng residue with honey water, supplemented with other components in the feed, can effectively promote the growth of earthworms and enhance their medicinal value. This invention speculates that this is because the triterpenoid saponins remaining in the Panax notoginseng residue are hydrophobic substances, which are almost impossible for earthworms to absorb when directly fed to them. After fermentation with honey water, the saponin sugars can be effectively hydrolyzed, reducing the polarity of the aglycones, allowing them to penetrate the earthworm's epidermis and improving absorption efficiency. These hydrolyzed saponin sugars can effectively promote the growth of earthworms and enhance their medicinal value. After pretreatment, the main raw materials are mixed with auxiliary materials for composting, temperature-controlled turning, and pH adjustment to achieve efficient degradation and sterilization, resulting in a feed that can promote the growth of earthworms and enhance their medicinal value. In addition, Example 1 also uses oyster powder to regulate pH, control the fermentation process, and optimize the fermentation effect.

[0151] In Example 2, the absence of zeolite powder in the cow dung led to an imbalance in the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, resulting in excessive ammonia nitrogen that corroded the respiratory organs of the earthworms. Simultaneously, the lack of zeolite caused heavy metal leaching, inhibiting enzyme catalytic activity and reducing feed performance. In Example 3, the absence of honey water and the lack of activation of the Panax notoginseng residue resulted in decreased saponin bioavailability, affecting the absorption by the earthworms. In Example 4, the Panax notoginseng residue was not fermented and was directly mixed with other raw materials for fermentation. The further decrease in the survival rate and medicinal value of the earthworms raised in this example further confirms this point. Comparative Example 1, which did not add Panax notoginseng residue, showed a further decrease in effectiveness compared to Example 4. A comparison of Examples 1, 3, 4, and Comparative Example 1 clearly shows that fermentation of Panax notoginseng residue mixed with honey water, supplemented with other feed components, can effectively promote the growth of earthworms and enhance their medicinal value, thus advancing the technological development of rapid and efficient artificial breeding and cultivation of earthworms.

[0152] In summary, this invention innovatively uses three core main ingredients—crushed corn stalks, decomposed cow manure, and fermented Panax notoginseng residue—supplemented with oyster shell powder, yeast mud, and selenium. By fermenting and activating the Panax notoginseng residue with honey water, it significantly improves the penetration rate of hydrophobic components on the surface of *Pheretima aspergillum*, promotes the growth of *Pheretima aspergillum*, enhances its medicinal value, and advances the technological development of rapid and efficient artificial cultivation and breeding of *Pheretima aspergillum*.

Claims

1. A feed for raising earthworms, characterized in that, It consists of the following components by mass percentage: 30-40wt% crushed corn stalks; 30-50wt% well-rotted cow manure; 5-15wt% fermented Panax notoginseng residue; 6-10wt% oyster shell powder; 3-8wt% brewer's yeast sludge; 0.001-0.005wt% sodium selenite; 0.5-2wt% stachyose; The method for treating the decomposed cow manure includes the following steps: mixing cow manure with zeolite powder, piling it up for 36-72 hours, turning it over 1-3 times to obtain decomposed cow manure, wherein the amount of zeolite powder added is 4-6 wt% of the mass of the cow manure; The method for treating fermented Panax notoginseng residue includes the following steps: spraying the Panax notoginseng residue with molasses water at a concentration of 1.5-3wt%, the amount of which is 6-10wt% of the mass of the Panax notoginseng residue, and sealing and fermenting at 39-41℃ for 60-84 hours to obtain fermented Panax notoginseng residue; The method for preparing feed for the farmed earthworm is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) Raw material pretreatment: Corn stalks are processed into 1-2cm fragments by hammer mill and passed through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain crushed corn stalks; cow manure is mixed with zeolite powder, piled for 36-72h, and turned over 1-3 times to obtain decomposed cow manure, in which the amount of zeolite powder added is 4-6wt% of the mass of cow manure; Panax notoginseng residue is sprayed with molasses water at a concentration of 1.5-3wt%, the amount of spraying is 6-10wt% of the mass of Panax notoginseng residue, and sealed and fermented at 39-41℃ for 60-84h to obtain fermented Panax notoginseng residue; (2) By mass percentage, add 30-40wt% crushed corn stalks, 30-50wt% decomposed cow manure, 5-15wt% fermented Panax notoginseng residue, 3-8wt% brewer's yeast mud, and 0.5-2wt% stachyose into a mixer, mix evenly to obtain raw materials, add water and inoculate with EM bacterial solution, continue mixing for 10-20 minutes, then pour out of the mixer, pile into a trapezoidal pile with a bottom width of 1.2m and a height of 1m, and cover with burlap to keep moist; turn the pile on the 3rd, 5th, and 7th days, keep it at 55-60℃ for 72-96 hours, and spread it out to dry immediately when the temperature is higher than 65℃. On the 4th day, sprinkle in oyster shell powder and adjust the pH of the raw materials to 6.8-7.

2. Fermentation ends after 7 days to obtain fermented raw materials; (3) Spray sodium selenite solution into the fermentation raw material obtained in step (2), spraying at a mass of sodium selenite of 0.001-0.005 wt% of the total mass of the raw material, and stir evenly to obtain the feed for the cultivated earthworm.

2. The feed for raising earthworms as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The inoculation amount of EM bacterial solution in step (2) is 4-6 mL / kg.

3. The feed for raising earthworms as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The oyster shell powder in step (2) accounts for 6-10 wt% of the total mass of the raw materials.

4. The feed for raising earthworms as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The amount of water added in step (2) is 65 wt% of the raw material mass.

5. The feed for raising earthworms as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The sodium selenite solution in step (3) contains 0.1-0.2 g / L sodium selenite.