Passive shock absorption and energy absorption protector capable of detecting impact

Abstract

The invention provides a passive shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing protective tool capable of detecting impact, which comprises a shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing layer which comprises an upper fixing plate, a lower fixing plate and a plurality of buffer units arranged in an array between the two fixing plates, and the shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing layer disperses external force impact and absorbs impact energy through the buffer units; the plurality of frictional electricity energy acquisition units are arranged on the stress surface of the shock absorption and energy absorption layer in an array, and are used for converting mechanical energy generated by external force impact into electric energy through a frictional electricity effect and storing the electric energy when being impacted by the external force, and further providing the electric energy for an electric signal acquisition device; and the electric signal acquisition device is electrically connected with the frictional electricity acquisition device and is used for acquiring a frictional electric signal on the surface of the frictional electricity acquisition device and transmitting the acquired frictional electric signal to a data processing system for analysis so as to realize real-time detection and feedback of a current impact force parameter. The shock absorption and energy absorption protector can realize self-power supply and has impact detection and feedback functions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of intelligent protection technology, and in particular to a passive shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing protective gear capable of detecting impact. Background Art

[0002] As the performance requirements for protective equipment in sports, military, industry and other fields continue to increase, protective equipment now not only needs to provide reliable basic safety guarantees, but also needs to achieve breakthrough improvements in cutting-edge performance indicators such as weight reduction, intelligent response and intelligent warning to meet increasingly complex challenges.

[0003] However, traditional shock-absorbing protective gear often relies on batteries, external power sources, or manual operation to power built-in sensors and electronic systems. The use of batteries not only increases the weight of the protective gear, but also makes replacement and maintenance troublesome. The short battery life affects the durability and stability of the protective gear. In addition, traditional shock-absorbing protective gear usually only passively absorbs impact and lacks the ability to detect impact intensity and impact location in real time and provide feedback. In some high-risk scenarios, timely monitoring of impact and providing feedback to users are important for preventing injuries and assessing the risk of sports injuries.

[0004] Based on this, there is an urgent need to provide a passive shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing protective gear that can detect impact. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The embodiment of the present invention provides a passive shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing protective gear capable of detecting impact, which can provide a self-powered shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing protective gear with impact detection and feedback functions.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a passive shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing protective gear capable of detecting impact, comprising:

[0007] The shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing layer includes two upper and lower fixed plates and a plurality of buffer units arranged in an array between the two fixed plates. The shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing layer disperses external force impact and absorbs impact energy through the buffer units.

[0008] A plurality of triboelectric energy harvesting units are arranged in an array on the force-bearing surface of the shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing layer, and are used to convert the mechanical energy generated by the external force impact into electrical energy through the triboelectric effect and store the energy when the external force impacts, and further provide electrical energy for the electrical signal acquisition device;

[0009] An electrical signal acquisition device is electrically connected to the triboelectric acquisition device, and is used to collect triboelectric signals on the surface of the triboelectric acquisition device, and transmit the collected triboelectric signals to a data processing system for analysis, so as to realize real-time detection and feedback of current impact force parameters.

[0010] Preferably, the shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing layer is integrally formed of a shape memory polymer material through 4D printing.

[0011] Preferably, each of the buffer units is composed of at least one sudden bouncing component, and the geometric parameters of the sudden bouncing component are changed to enable the shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing layer to disperse external force impacts of different magnitudes and absorb impact energy.

[0012] Preferably, each of the sudden bouncing components includes two coaxially arranged fixed rings and an elastic ring located between the two fixed rings; wherein, the elastic ring is circumferentially distributed with a plurality of evenly alternating crests and troughs, so that the elastic ring is wavy, and at positions corresponding to the crests and troughs, each fixed ring is radially provided with a plurality of supporting structures, the number of the supporting structures is the same as the number of the crests or troughs, and the two fixed rings are respectively connected to the crests or troughs of the elastic ring through the supporting structures.

[0013] Preferably, two adjacent sudden bouncing components share a fixed ring, and along the thickness direction of the shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing layer, the diameters of the two adjacent fixed rings are different;

[0014] More preferably, along the force-bearing surface direction of the shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing layer, the diameters of two adjacent fixed rings gradually decrease.

[0015] Preferably, each of the triboelectric collection units includes an insulating layer and a first conductive layer arranged in sequence along the thickness direction; wherein, the first conductive layer and the insulating layer are fixedly connected at both ends, and when subjected to external force, the first conductive layer and the insulating layer are in frictional contact with each other to generate an electrical signal.

[0016] Preferably, a fixing layer is provided on the surface of the first conductive layer and the insulating layer respectively. The fixing layer is integrally formed with the insulating layer and the first conductive layer respectively, and the fixing layer is used to support the first conductive layer and the insulating layer respectively.

[0017] More preferably, a second conductive layer is provided between the insulating layer and the fixed layer. The second conductive layer is integrally formed with the fixed layer and the insulating layer. The second conductive layer is used to collect charges generated on the surface of the insulating layer.

[0018] Preferably, the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are both copper foils, and the insulating layer is made of one or more of polyurethane, polytetrafluoroethylene or fluoride.

[0019] Preferably, the impact force parameters include the magnitude and position of the impact force; the data processing system uses a physical information neural network module to identify and predict the currently collected triboelectric signal to achieve real-time detection and feedback of the impact force parameters; wherein, the physical information neural network module is trained using historical triboelectric signals and the spatial position of the triboelectric signal as input training data, and using historical impact force magnitude and position as output training data.

[0020] Preferably, during the training process, the loss function used by the physical information neural network module is as follows:

[0021] Loss total =ωLoss data +(1-ω)Loss physics

[0022] in,

[0023] Where, Loss total is the loss function of the physical information neural network module, Loss data is the data fitting term, ω is the loss function factor, Loss physics is the physical constraint term, N F is the total amount of the impact force, is the spatial coordinate of the i-th triboelectric signal, is the voltage of the i-th triboelectric signal, N X is the total number of impact force locations, is the impact force of the i-th sample, is the impact force of the i-th sample; is the predicted impact of the i-th sample, n is the total number of samples, F i is the expected impact force of the i-th sample, is the predicted position of the i-th sample, X i is the expected position of the i-th sample.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0025] The shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing protective gear in the present invention uses a shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing layer as the main impact-resistant and shock-absorbing structure. The shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing layer has a sandwich structure. A plurality of array-arranged buffer units are provided in the sandwich layer. The buffer units are used to disperse the external force impact and absorb the impact energy. In addition, a plurality of friction electric energy collection units and electrical signal collection devices are arranged in an array on the force-bearing surface of the shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing layer. When subjected to external force impact, the friction electric energy collection unit can generate and store electrical energy through the friction electric effect, and further provide electrical energy for the electrical signal collection device, so that the protective gear can operate stably for a long time without relying on an external power supply or battery; and the electrical signal collection device can collect the friction electric signal on the surface of the friction electric collection device and transmit it to the data processing system for analysis, so that the impact on the protective gear can be continuously monitored and fed back to the external device, so that the user can grasp the impact intensity and position in time and make corresponding responses. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the surface structure of a passive shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing protective gear capable of detecting impact provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a passive shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing protective gear capable of detecting impact provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing layer in a passive shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing protective gear capable of detecting impact, provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of a sudden bouncing component in a shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing layer of a passive shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing protective gear capable of detecting impact, provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of a triboelectric energy harvesting unit in a passive shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing protective gear capable of detecting impact, provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] In the figure, 100-shock absorption and energy absorption layer, 200-triboelectric energy collection unit, 101-fixed plate, 102-buffer unit, 1021-fixed ring, 1022-elastic ring, 1023-support structure, 201-fixed layer, 202-second conductive layer, 203-insulating layer, 204-first conductive layer, 205-fixed layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a passive shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing protective gear capable of detecting impact, comprising:

[0035] The shock-absorbing layer 100 includes two upper and lower fixed plates 101 and a plurality of buffer units 102 arranged in an array between the two fixed plates. The shock-absorbing layer 100 disperses external force impact and absorbs impact energy through the buffer units 102.

[0036] A plurality of triboelectric energy harvesting units 200 are arranged in an array on the force-bearing surface of the shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing layer 100. When subjected to an external force, they are used to convert the mechanical energy generated by the external force impact into electrical energy through the triboelectric effect and store the energy, and further provide electrical energy for the electrical signal acquisition device;

[0037] An electrical signal acquisition device (not shown in the figure) is electrically connected to the triboelectric acquisition device, and is used to collect the triboelectric signals on the surface of the triboelectric acquisition device, and transmit the collected triboelectric signals to the data processing system for analysis, so as to realize real-time detection and feedback of the current impact force parameters.

[0038] like Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, the shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing protective gear in the embodiment of the present invention uses a shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing layer as the main impact-resistant and shock-absorbing structure. The shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing layer has a sandwich structure. A plurality of arrayed buffer units are arranged in the sandwich layer. The buffer units are used to disperse the external force impact and absorb the impact energy. In addition, a plurality of triboelectric energy collection units and electrical signal collection devices are arranged in an array on the force-bearing surface of the shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing layer. When subjected to external force impact, the triboelectric energy collection unit can generate and store electrical energy through the triboelectric effect, and further provide electrical energy for the electrical signal collection device, so that the protective gear can operate stably for a long time without relying on an external power supply or battery; and the electrical signal collection device can collect the triboelectric signal on the surface of the triboelectric collection device and transmit it to the data processing system for analysis, so that the impact on the protective gear can be continuously monitored and fed back to the external device, so that the user can grasp the impact intensity and position in time and make corresponding responses.

[0039] According to some preferred embodiments, the shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing layer 100 is integrally formed of a shape memory polymer material through 4D printing.

[0040] In the embodiment of the present invention, the overall structure of the shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing layer is formed in one piece by 4D printing using a shape memory polymer material. This allows for precise control of the material distribution and structural morphology in the shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing layer to achieve complex geometric shape design and provide customized functions. Furthermore, the 4D printing process helps optimize the weight, comfort, and flexibility of the protective gear. At the same time, the shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing layer is made of a shape memory polymer material, which has good shape memory properties as a whole. The shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing layer can be reshaped under external stimulation (such as thermal drive), thereby achieving intelligent adjustment of the curvature radius and elastic modulus of its contact surface, generating a shape that precisely fits the user's joint anatomical structure, and eliminating the ineffective compression areas of traditional protective gear (such as Figure 2 shown).

[0041] It should be noted that the shape memory polymer material is not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present invention. For example, it can be an epoxy thermoplastic shape memory polymer, an epoxy thermosetting shape memory polymer, a polyimide shape memory polymer, or a cyanate shape memory polymer; specifically, one or more of shape memory polylactic acid, shape memory polyurethane, shape memory polycaprolactone, shape memory chitosan, and their complexes and derivatives can be used.

[0042] like Figure 3 As shown, according to some preferred embodiments, each of the buffer units is composed of at least one sudden bouncing component, and the geometric parameters of the sudden bouncing component are changed to enable the shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing layer to disperse external force impacts of different sizes and absorb impact energy.

[0043] According to some preferred embodiments, each of the sudden bouncing components includes two coaxially arranged fixed rings 1021 and an elastic ring 1022 located between the two fixed rings 1021; wherein, the elastic ring 1022 is circumferentially distributed with a plurality of evenly alternating crests and troughs, so that the elastic ring 1022 is wavy, and at positions corresponding to the crests and troughs, each fixed ring is radially provided with a plurality of supporting structures 1023, and the number of the supporting structures 1023 is the same as the number of the crests or troughs, and the two fixed rings 1021 are respectively connected to the crests or troughs of the elastic ring 1022 through the supporting structures.

[0044] Considering that most existing shock-absorbing protective gears use a single cushioning material (such as foam, gel, etc.) as a shock-absorbing layer to mitigate the impact force, the shock-absorbing effect of the shock-absorbing protective gear is relatively limited and cannot effectively disperse and absorb high-intensity impacts. Based on this, Figure 3 As shown, in the embodiment of the present invention, by further designing the structure of the buffer unit, each buffer unit is composed of at least one sudden bouncing component (such as Figure 4 As shown), the impact force can be absorbed and transmitted in layers through the sudden bouncing components, which can ensure that the shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing protective gear can still maintain excellent shock-absorbing effects under impacts of different intensities; the sudden bouncing component is annular in structure as a whole and has central symmetry, and each sudden bouncing component includes two coaxially arranged fixed rings and an elastic ring located between the two fixed rings, wherein the elastic ring is composed of a series of alternating crests (convex parts) and troughs (concave parts), and the crests and troughs are distributed along the circumference of the elastic ring, so that the elastic ring forms a continuous wavy profile, and at a position corresponding to the crests, a support structure protruding toward the elastic ring is provided on the fixed ring above the elastic ring (the number is the same as the crests), and at a position corresponding to the troughs, a support structure protruding toward the elastic ring is provided on the fixed ring below the elastic ring (the number is the same as the troughs), and the upper and lower fixed rings are connected to the crests and troughs of the elastic ring through the support structure to form an integral body. This structure has good flexibility and elasticity. When subjected to external force impact, the structure can enable the shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing layer to achieve uniform deformation, and allow the shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing layer to deform in multiple directions (such as radial and axial directions), thereby making the shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing layer have stronger impact energy absorption capacity. At the same time, by designing the geometric parameters and structure of each sudden bouncing component, the shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing layer can disperse impact forces of different sizes and absorb impact energy, thereby achieving the best shock absorption effect.

[0045] In addition, the shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing layer in the embodiment of the present invention has shape memory properties as a whole, so that the shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing protective gear has better comfort and flexible adjustability. During use, the shape memory properties can be used to reshape the buffer unit structure in the shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing layer to form an optimal pressure distribution; for example, according to the user's body size and activity type, the shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing layer can be compressed or stretched to regulate the structure of its internal mutation bouncing unit to achieve the regulation of the impact resistance and energy absorption performance of the shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing layer, thereby making the shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing protective gear adapt to different sports needs.

[0046] Continue to refer Figure 3 and Figure 4 According to some preferred embodiments, two adjacent sudden bouncing components share a fixed ring 1021, and along the thickness direction of the shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing layer 100, the diameters of the two adjacent fixed rings 1021 are different; preferably, along the force-bearing surface direction of the shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing layer, the diameters of the two adjacent fixed rings gradually decrease.

[0047] In the embodiment of the present invention, Figure 4 As shown, by setting the diameters of the two adjacent fixed rings in each sudden bouncing component to different sizes, so that the sudden bouncing component has a variable cross-section structure along the thickness direction, not only the shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing guard has stronger anti-shear and anti-lodging capabilities, but also the shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing guard has better adaptability under different stress conditions. At the same time, the inclination angle of its cross-section (that is, the angle α between the line connecting the edges of the two adjacent fixed rings and the vertical direction) can be controlled to make it transition from a stable state to a bistable state. When it is about to transition to the critical state of the bistable state, the structure not only has good bistable shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing performance, but also can recover autonomously to achieve the purpose of reuse.

[0048] It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the number, arrangement position and arrangement method of the sudden bouncing components, and the height of the crests and troughs in the elastic ring can be adjusted according to the requirements of the impact force during actual application; at the same time, it should be noted that the angle range between the edge connection line of two adjacent fixed rings and the vertical direction is related to the thickness of the elastic ring and the height of the sudden bouncing component, which can be specifically determined and optimized through experimental simulation, and will not be elaborated in the present invention.

[0049] like Figure 5 As shown, according to some preferred embodiments, each of the triboelectric collection units includes an insulating layer 203 and a first conductive layer 204 arranged along the thickness direction; wherein, the first conductive layer 204 and the insulating layer 203 are fixedly connected at both ends, and when subjected to external force, the first conductive layer 204 and the surface of the insulating layer 203 rub against each other to generate an electrical signal.

[0050] In an embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of triboelectric energy harvesting units are arranged in an array along the force-bearing surface of the shock-absorbing layer. Each triboelectric energy harvesting unit comprises a first conductive layer and an insulating layer, each of which is fixedly connected to the shock-absorbing layer at both ends. In a natural state, the first conductive layer and the insulating layer are separated from each other. When subjected to an external force, the first conductive layer and the insulating layer contact each other, generating and storing an electrical signal through the triboelectric effect. Furthermore, the presence of the shock-absorbing layer not only reduces the durability of the triboelectric harvesting unit but also converts elastic energy into kinetic energy, further promoting the triboelectric effect. This allows the shock-absorbing protective gear of the present invention to power the entire protective gear without an external power source. Furthermore, the triboelectric energy harvesting device is connected to a built-in battery or supercapacitor to store the generated electrical energy and provide the required power for the electrical signal acquisition device to detect and provide feedback on the impact force parameters in real time. This not only avoids battery replacement and maintenance, but also extends the service life of the shock-absorbing protective gear and reduces its environmental impact.

[0051] In order to further promote the occurrence of triboelectric effect, several protrusions or depressions are designed on the surface of the triboelectric collection unit, which helps to maximize the friction force of the triboelectric collection unit when an impact occurs, thereby improving the energy conversion efficiency.

[0052] It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the number and arrangement of the triboelectric energy harvesting units can be optimized according to the common force areas of human body movement, which is conducive to improving the sensitivity and accuracy of impact detection.

[0053] Continue to refer Figure 5 According to some preferred embodiments, a fixed layer 201 is respectively provided on the surface of the first conductive layer 204 and the insulating layer 203, and the fixed layer 201 is respectively integrally formed with the insulating layer 203 and the first conductive layer 204, and the fixed layer 201 is used to support the first conductive layer 204 and the insulating layer 203 respectively; a second conductive layer 202 is also provided between the insulating layer 203 and the fixed layer 201, and the second conductive layer 202 is integrally formed with the fixed layer 201 and the insulating layer 203, and the second conductive layer 202 is used to collect the charges generated on the surface of the insulating layer.

[0054] According to some preferred embodiments, the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are both made of copper foil, and the insulating layer is made of polyurethane, polytetrafluoroethylene or fluoride.

[0055] In an embodiment of the present invention, by respectively arranging fixed layers on the surfaces of the first conductive layer and the insulating layer, the fixed layers can support and protect the first conductive layer and the insulating layer, thereby ensuring the stability of the first conductive layer and the insulating layer during the friction process; further, by arranging a second conductive layer between the insulating layer and the fixed layer, when the first conductive layer and the insulating layer are triboelectrically electrified, the charge on the insulating layer can be collected and transmitted through the second conductive layer, thereby effectively transferring the charge from the friction interface to the built-in battery or supercapacitor for storage.

[0056] At the same time, the insulating layer uses high-efficiency polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film and the conductive layer uses copper foil, so that the triboelectric harvesting unit can have higher triboelectric energy conversion efficiency and stronger mechanical stability; the fixed layer can be made of plastic or metal materials, for example.

[0057] According to some preferred embodiments, the impact force parameters include the magnitude and location of the impact force. The data processing system utilizes a physical information neural network module to identify and predict the currently acquired triboelectric signal, thereby enabling real-time detection and feedback of the impact force parameters. The physical information neural network module is trained using historical triboelectric signals and the spatial locations where these signals were generated as input training data, and historical impact force magnitudes and locations as output training data.

[0058] In an embodiment of the present invention, an electrical signal acquisition device is also provided inside the shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing protective gear. This device is capable of collecting the electrical signals generated by the triboelectric energy collection unit, converting this information into analyzable data through a microcircuit, and transmitting it to a data processing system for analysis. The system includes an embedded processor, a wireless communication module, and a display unit. The embedded processor is capable of processing the data acquired by the microcircuit and analyzing the impact force intensity and location using a model trained by a neural network. The results are further transmitted to an external device (such as a smartphone or other terminal) via a wireless communication module (such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, etc.), and the real-time impact data (including impact time, intensity, location, etc.) is displayed on the display unit for real-time feedback and recording.

[0059] The data processing system utilizes a physical information neural network module, comprised of a physical information neural network (PINN) and a long short-term memory network (LSTM). Using historical triboelectric signals and spatial position feature data at varying impact intensities as training samples, the system employs a deep learning algorithm for adaptive learning and optimization. This enables real-time analysis and identification of different impact intensities, positions, frequencies, and directions based on triboelectric signals, ensuring accurate and real-time impact detection. Furthermore, the data processing system can assess impact intensity based on historical impact intensity and triboelectric data, helping users better understand impact situations during exercise and generating personalized protection recommendations. This allows for scientific exercise risk assessments and the development of safer exercise plans.

[0060] According to some preferred embodiments, during the training process, the loss function used by the physical information neural network module is as follows:

[0061] Loss total =ωLoss data +(1-ω)Loss physics

[0062] Where, Loss total is the loss function of the physical information neural network module, Loss data is the data fitting term, ω is the loss function factor, when ω = 1, the physical information neural network module is purely data driven, and when ω = 0, the physical information neural network module is completely driven by physical constraints, Loss physics is a physical constraint;

[0063] in,

[0064] Where N F is the total amount of the impact force, is the spatial coordinate of the i-th triboelectric signal, is the voltage of the i-th triboelectric signal, N X is the total number of impact force locations, The position coordinates of the i-th sample;

[0065] Loss physics =Loss F +Loss X

[0066] in,

[0067] According to the above formula, the physical loss term is finally as follows:

[0068]

[0069] Where, Loss F is the force error, Loss X is the position error, F is the force calculated by the physical model, X is the position calculated by the physical model, λ is the hyperparameter, v is the voltage of the triboelectric signal, x is the spatial position coordinate of the triboelectric signal, χ(x) is the distribution function of the triboelectric signal, when x i When the friction generator at the coordinate generates an electrical signal, χ(x i )=1; otherwise χ(x i )=0, n is the total number of training samples, is the predicted impact of the i-th training sample, F i is the expected impact of the i-th training sample, is the predicted position of the i-th training sample, X i is the expected position of the i-th training sample.

[0070] In an embodiment of the present invention, during the training process of the physical information neural network module, a loss function consisting of a data fitting term and a physical constraint term is constructed. The data fitting term is used to constrain the consistency of the network output with the measured data, and the physical constraint term combines the mechanical principle to ensure that the output result conforms to the preset physical law. The above-mentioned loss function is adopted, which is not only conducive to the physical information neural network module to use limited experimental data for training, but also can greatly reduce the number of training samples and reduce the difficulty of data acquisition. It can also improve the prediction accuracy through the constraints of physical laws, thereby achieving effective training and prediction when the data is sparse.

[0071] In summary, in the embodiments of the present invention, the shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing layer is designed by combining triboelectric energy supply, intelligent impact detection and feedback, and a multi-layer variable-section sudden ricochet structure, so that the shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing protective gear can not only effectively reduce the impact, but also has the functions of self-power supply and intelligent monitoring. It is widely applicable to sports protection, occupational safety, military protection and other fields, and has important application value.

[0072] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A passive shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing protective gear capable of detecting impact, characterized in that: include: The shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing layer includes two upper and lower fixed plates and a plurality of buffer units arranged in an array between the two fixed plates. The shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing layer disperses external force impact and absorbs impact energy through the buffer units. A plurality of triboelectric energy harvesting units are arranged in an array on the force-bearing surface of the shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing layer, and are used to convert the mechanical energy generated by the external force impact into electrical energy through the triboelectric effect and store the energy when the external force impacts, and further provide electrical energy for the electrical signal acquisition device; An electrical signal acquisition device is electrically connected to the triboelectric acquisition device, and is used to collect triboelectric signals on the surface of the triboelectric acquisition device, and transmit the collected triboelectric signals to a data processing system for analysis, so as to realize real-time detection and feedback of current impact force parameters.

2. The shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing protective gear according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing layer is integrally formed of a shape memory polymer material through 4D printing.

3. The shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing protective gear according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Each of the buffer units is composed of at least one sudden bouncing component. By changing the geometric parameters of the sudden bouncing component, the shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing layer can disperse external force impacts of different sizes and absorb impact energy.

4. The shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing protective gear according to claim 3, characterized in that: Each of the sudden bouncing components comprises two coaxially arranged fixed rings and an elastic ring located between the two fixed rings; Among them, the elastic ring is distributed circumferentially with multiple evenly alternating crests and troughs, so that the elastic ring is wavy. At positions corresponding to the crests and troughs, each fixed ring is provided with several support structures in the radial direction. The number of the support structures is the same as the number of crests or troughs. The two fixed rings are connected to the crests or troughs of the elastic ring respectively through the support structures.

5. The shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing protective gear according to claim 4, characterized in that: Two adjacent sudden bouncing components share a fixed circular ring, and along the thickness direction of the shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing layer, the diameters of the two adjacent fixed circular rings are different; Preferably, along the force-bearing surface direction of the shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing layer, the diameters of two adjacent fixed rings gradually decrease.

6. The shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing protective gear according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the triboelectric collection units includes an insulating layer and a first conductive layer arranged along the thickness direction; wherein, the first conductive layer and the insulating layer are fixedly connected at both ends, and when subjected to external force, the surfaces of the first conductive layer and the insulating layer frictionally contact each other to generate an electrical signal.

7. The shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing protective gear according to claim 6, characterized in that: A fixing layer is provided on the surface of the first conductive layer and the insulating layer, respectively. The fixing layer is integrally formed with the insulating layer and the first conductive layer, and the fixing layer is used to support the first conductive layer and the insulating layer, respectively. Preferably, a second conductive layer is provided between the insulating layer and the fixed layer. The second conductive layer is integrally formed with the fixed layer and the insulating layer. The second conductive layer is used to collect charges generated on the surface of the insulating layer.

8. The shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing protective gear according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are both copper foils, and the insulating layer is made of one or more of polyurethane, polytetrafluoroethylene or fluoride.

9. The shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing protective gear according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impact force parameters include the magnitude and position of the impact force; The data processing system uses a physical information neural network module to identify and predict the currently collected triboelectric signals to achieve real-time detection and feedback of impact force parameters; wherein, the physical information neural network module is trained using historical triboelectric signals and the spatial locations where the triboelectric signals are generated as input training data, and using historical impact force magnitudes and locations as output training data.

10. The shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing protective gear according to claim 9, characterized in that: During the training process, the loss function used by the physical information neural network module is as follows: Loss total =ωLoss data +(1-ω)Loss physics in, Where, Loss total is the loss function of the physical information neural network module, Loss data is the data fitting term, ω is the loss function factor, Loss physics is the physical constraint term, N F is the total amount of the impact force, is the spatial coordinate of the i-th triboelectric signal, is the voltage of the i-th triboelectric signal, is the impact force of the i-th sample, N X is the total number of impact force locations, is the position coordinate of the i-th sample; n is the total number of samples, is the predicted impact of the i-th sample, F i The physical model predicts the impact force for the i-th sample, is the predicted position of the i-th sample, X i The physical model predicts the position of the i-th sample.

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