Anti-seismic toughened reinforced concrete and its preparation method

Abstract

This invention discloses a seismic-resistant, toughened, and reinforced concrete and its preparation method in the field of concrete technology. The concrete comprises the following components by weight: 15-20 parts silicate cement, 40-50 parts coarse aggregate, 20-30 parts fine aggregate, 1-5 parts seismic-resistant particles, 0.5-1 part quick-setting agent, 0.5-1 part water-reducing agent, 0.1-0.5 parts air-entraining agent, and 10-15 parts water. This invention utilizes soft-segment polymers, polyurethane-based materials, and borosilicates in the preparation process to construct a composite matrix that combines flexibility and rigidity, significantly improving the toughness and crack resistance of concrete. The nano-modification and uniform dispersion of the seismic-resistant particles significantly enhance the material's energy dissipation capacity, further delaying crack formation under seismic loads. Through a comprehensive modification of minerals, admixture systems, and chemical reinforcement methods, the durability, chemical stability, and impact resistance of the concrete are further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of concrete technology, specifically referring to a seismic-resistant, toughened, and reinforced concrete and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] With population growth and accelerated urbanization, the safety and stability of building structures are receiving increasing attention, especially for buildings in earthquake-prone areas, where their seismic performance directly affects the safety of residents and property loss. Therefore, researching and developing building materials with excellent seismic performance is of paramount importance.

[0003] Traditional concrete is prone to cracking and failure under earthquake loads due to its brittle nature. While concrete possesses high compressive strength, its tensile strength and toughness are relatively poor, limiting its seismic performance. To address these shortcomings, novel earthquake-resistant toughened reinforced concrete has emerged. This material enhances the toughness and tensile properties of concrete through a toughening mechanism, thereby improving its durability and overall stability during earthquakes.

[0004] Fiber reinforcement technology is one of the important means to improve the toughness of concrete. By adding fiber materials, such as steel fibers, polypropylene fibers, and carbon fibers, the propagation of cracks can be effectively prevented, thereby improving the tensile strength and toughness of concrete. Fibers act as bridges and distribute stress in the concrete matrix, thus inhibiting crack propagation. Furthermore, the addition of fibers can also improve the impact and fatigue properties of concrete, thereby enhancing its overall seismic resistance.

[0005] Besides fiber reinforcement technology, the application of nanomaterials is also attracting increasing attention. Due to their unique structure and properties, nanomaterials can significantly improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of concrete. For example, nano-silica and nano-alumina oxides, when dispersed in the cement matrix, can improve the density and strength of concrete. Their high activity can also promote the cement hydration process, thereby improving the early strength and durability of concrete.

[0006] In the preparation of earthquake-resistant and toughened reinforced concrete, certain admixtures can be used to improve the concrete's performance. These admixtures can be plasticizers, water-reducing agents, or specific chemical toughening agents, which can improve the rheological and workability properties of concrete, optimize the hardening process, and thus obtain better performance parameters.

[0007] In recent years, with the advancement of technology, the concept of smart materials has been introduced into the field of concrete. For example, self-healing concrete is an emerging technology that, by adding microcapsules or bacteria to concrete, allows the concrete to heal itself when microcracks appear, thereby maintaining the integrity and functional performance of the structure. This self-healing property can significantly improve the seismic resistance of concrete and reduce repair and maintenance costs.

[0008] In summary, the research and development of earthquake-resistant and toughened reinforced concrete requires not only innovation in materials science but also in-depth research in structural mechanics. Through the combination and optimization of various improvement methods, significant improvements in the seismic performance of concrete can be achieved, providing safer and more reliable solutions for modern buildings. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To address the above issues and overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a seismic-resistant, toughened, and reinforced concrete and its preparation method. This invention utilizes soft-segment polymers, polyurethane-based materials, and borosilicates in the preparation process to construct a composite matrix that combines flexibility and rigidity, significantly improving the toughness and crack resistance of the concrete. The nano-modification and uniform dispersion of the seismic-resistant particles significantly enhance the material's energy dissipation capacity, further delaying crack formation under seismic loads. Through a comprehensive approach involving modified minerals, admixtures, and chemical reinforcement methods, the durability, chemical stability, and impact resistance of the concrete are further improved.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: The present invention proposes a seismic-resistant and toughened reinforced concrete, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of silicate cement, 40-50 parts of coarse aggregate, 20-30 parts of fine aggregate, 1-5 parts of seismic-resistant particles, 0.5-1 part of quick-setting agent, 0.5-1 part of water-reducing agent, 0.1-0.5 parts of air-entraining agent, and 10-15 parts of water;

[0011] Preferably, the coarse aggregate includes at least one of granite crushed stone, basalt crushed stone, and limestone crushed stone;

[0012] Preferably, the fine aggregate includes at least one of river sand and quartz sand;

[0013] Preferably, the quick-setting agent includes at least one of calcium aluminate quick-setting agent and sulfoaluminate quick-setting agent;

[0014] Preferably, the water-reducing agent includes at least one of polycarboxylate water-reducing agent and carbonyl pyroaldehyde water-reducing agent;

[0015] Preferably, the air-entraining agent includes a sulfate air-entraining agent;

[0016] Preferably, the raw materials for preparing the anti-seismic particles include the following components in parts by weight: 5-8 parts of polyurethane-based reinforcing agent, 15-20 parts of epoxy resin, 3.5-5 parts of diluent, 0.5-0.7 parts of nano-SiO2, and 3.5-5 parts of curing agent;

[0017] Preferably, the epoxy resin includes at least one of E-54 bisphenol A type epoxy resin, E-51 bisphenol A type epoxy resin, and E44 bisphenol A type epoxy resin;

[0018] Preferably, the diluent includes at least one of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, propylene glycol diglycidyl ether, and polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether;

[0019] Preferably, the curing agent comprises triethanolamine;

[0020] Preferably, the method for preparing the earthquake-resistant particles specifically includes the following steps:

[0021] S1. Place diol compounds and diacid compounds in a flask, add catalyst, mix well, raise the reaction temperature to carry out dehydration condensation reaction, after the reaction is completed, continue to raise the reaction temperature to carry out polymerization reaction, after the reaction is completed, cool, add anhydrous ethanol for washing, purify and dry to obtain soft segment polymer.

[0022] S2. After the soft segment polymer is heated to melt, flowing nitrogen gas is introduced, and then diisocyanate compounds are added and mixed. The reaction temperature is maintained to carry out the polymerization reaction. After the reaction is completed, the prepolymer is obtained.

[0023] S3. Add DMF (N,N-dimethylformamide) to the prepolymer reaction system prepared in step S2 to dissolve it, add chain extender solution under nitrogen atmosphere, maintain reaction temperature to carry out chain extension reaction, add anhydrous methanol for end-capping treatment, and rotary evaporate to obtain polyurethane-based polymer.

[0024] S4. Mix 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane with anhydrous THF (tetrahydrofuran) until homogeneous, then introduce high-purity argon gas. Under ice-water bath conditions, add boron dimethyl sulfide complex dropwise. After mixing until homogeneous, raise the reaction temperature and stir the reaction. Add anhydrous ethanol to terminate the reaction. Cool the reaction mixture and pour it into a cooled saturated sodium carbonate solution to neutralize the reaction system. Separate the organic layer and the aqueous layer using a separatory funnel. Dry the organic layer with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove residual moisture. Filter to remove anhydrous magnesium sulfate and remove the solvent by rotary evaporation to obtain the silicon boron compound.

[0025] S5. Dissolve the polyurethane-based polymer prepared in step S3 in anhydrous THF, introduce flowing nitrogen gas, add the silicon-boron compound prepared in step S4, mix evenly, add benzoyl peroxide to initiate the reaction, raise the reaction temperature to 40-60℃, react for 12-16 h, after the reaction is completed, wash repeatedly with anhydrous diethyl ether and deionized water, dry the organic phase with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, purify and rotary evaporate to obtain the polyurethane-based reinforcing agent;

[0026] S6. After the epoxy resin and diluent are mixed evenly, the polyurethane-based reinforcing agent prepared in step S5 is added, and the mixture is stirred continuously. The reaction temperature is increased to carry out the mixing reaction. After the reaction is completed, the mixture is cooled, SiO2 nanoparticles are added, and the mixture is stirred continuously and ultrasonically treated. The curing agent is added, and the mixture is stirred continuously. After vacuum degassing, the mixture is cured and ground to obtain shock-resistant particles.

[0027] Preferably, in step S1, the diol compound includes at least one of 1,4-butanediol, ethylene glycol, and 1,3-propanediol;

[0028] Preferably, in step S1, the diacid compound includes at least one of succinic acid, adipic acid, and glutaric acid;

[0029] Preferably, in step S1, the catalyst is at least one of dibutyltin diacetate, stannous chloride, and dibutyltin dilaurate;

[0030] Preferably, in step S1, the mass ratio between the diol compound and the diacid compound is 1:1.3-2.4;

[0031] Preferably, in step S1, the mass of the catalyst added is 0.2%-0.5% of the mass of the diacid compound;

[0032] Preferably, in step S1, the reaction temperature of the dehydration condensation reaction is 180°C, the reaction time of the dehydration condensation reaction is 1 hour, the reaction temperature of the polymerization reaction is 210-230°C, and the reaction time of the polymerization reaction is 1-3 hours.

[0033] Preferably, in step S2, the diisocyanate compound includes at least one of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), toluene-2,6-diisocyanate (2,6-TDI), and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI);

[0034] Preferably, in step S2, the mass ratio between the soft segment polymer and the diisocyanate compound is 7-10:0.6-1;

[0035] Preferably, in step S2, the polymerization reaction temperature is 120-150℃ and the polymerization reaction time is 1-2 hours;

[0036] Preferably, in step S3, the chain extender solution is a mixed solution of 1,4-butanediol and dibromoneopentyl glycol in DMF, wherein the mass concentration of 1,4-butanediol in DMF is 0.013-0.018 g / mL, and the mass concentration of dibromoneopentyl glycol in DMF is 0.016-0.026 g / mL;

[0037] Preferably, in step S3, the reaction temperature of the chain extension reaction is 120-140℃, and the reaction time of the chain extension reaction is 4-8h;

[0038] Preferably, in step S4, the mass ratio between the 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane and the boron dimethyl sulfide complex is 6.5-7.5:1;

[0039] Preferably, in step S4, the stirring speed of the stirring reaction is 400-600 rpm, the reaction temperature is 40-60℃, and the reaction time is 8-12 h.

[0040] Preferably, in step S6, the stirring speed of the mixing reaction is 600-800 rpm, the reaction temperature of the mixing reaction is 150-160℃, and the reaction time of the mixing reaction is 3-5 h;

[0041] Preferably, in step S6, the ultrasonic treatment power is 500-700W, and the ultrasonic treatment time is 1-2 hours;

[0042] Preferably, in step S6, the curing temperature of the curing treatment is 80-120℃, and the curing time of the curing treatment is 18-24h;

[0043] This invention also provides a method for preparing earthquake-resistant and toughened reinforced concrete, specifically including the following steps:

[0044] S7. Coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, silicate cement, seismic granules, quick-setting agent, water-reducing agent, air-entraining agent and water are mixed according to the weight parts to obtain seismic toughening and reinforced concrete.

[0045] The beneficial effects achieved by this invention are as follows:

[0046] This invention provides a seismic-resistant, toughened, and reinforced concrete and its preparation method. The invention constructs a composite matrix that combines flexibility and rigidity through the use of soft-segment polymers, polyurethane-based materials, and borosilicates during the preparation process. This significantly improves the toughness and crack resistance of the concrete. The nano-modification and uniform dispersion of the seismic-resistant particles significantly enhance the material's energy dissipation capacity, further delaying crack formation under seismic loads. By comprehensively modifying minerals, admixture systems, and chemical reinforcement methods, the durability, chemical stability, and impact resistance of the concrete are further improved. In this invention, glycol compounds and diacid compounds undergo dehydration condensation reaction under the catalysis of a catalyst to generate polyester soft-segment polymers, forming soft-segment structures with certain flexibility and tensile properties. The soft-segment polyester imparts good flexibility to the polymer. When the material is deformed or subjected to vibration and impact, the polyester soft segments can absorb and dissipate some energy through the slippage of molecular chain segments, thereby enhancing the seismic performance of concrete. The soft-segment polymer reacts with MDI (diphenylmethane diisocyanate) at 120°C to generate a polyurethane prepolymer with active end groups. During this process, the isocyanate groups react with the hydroxyl groups of the soft segments to form isocyanate-end-group prepolymers that can undergo further reactions. The polyurethane prepolymer encapsulates the flexible soft segments, which, combined with subsequent reinforcing agents, will further enhance the toughening properties of the material and help buffer severe vibrations. After adding chain extenders, the length and degree of cross-linking of molecular chains increase. Finally, anhydrous methanol is used for end capping to stabilize the molecular structure. The entire process is completed in DMF, ensuring the uniformity and effectiveness of the reaction. Chain extension provides a stronger molecular network structure, giving the material better toughness and mechanical properties, significantly improving the energy dissipation capacity of the polyurethane-based polymer, thereby improving seismic performance. The reaction of 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane with a boron dimethyl sulfide complex generates a boron-silicon compound. The boron element in the boron-silicon compound has high reactivity, while the silicon-oxygen structure provides good chemical stability. The introduction of the boron-silicon compound gives the polymer system both flexibility and hardness. This material can not only absorb energy during vibration but also enhance the strength and stability of concrete. The reaction of the polyurethane-based polymer with the boron-silicon compound, initiated by benzoyl peroxide, allows the boron-silicon compound to be embedded in the polyurethane-based polymer, forming a material with a synergistic toughening effect between polymers. The polyurethane-based reinforcing agent has good impact resistance and toughening properties. Its distribution in concrete can significantly improve seismic resistance while enhancing the material's ductility and crack healing performance. The epoxy resin undergoes a curing reaction, forming a cross-linked structure. Simultaneously, the polyurethane-based reinforcing agent and SiO2 nanoparticles are added and uniformly dispersed in the matrix through ultrasonic treatment. These composite particles, after curing, form high-strength earthquake-resistant particles of appropriate size to enhance the bonding performance of concrete. These prepared earthquake-resistant particles form uniformly distributed points in the concrete, and their combination of rigidity and flexibility can effectively enhance the toughness and ductility of earthquake-resistant concrete and improve the resistance to crack propagation. Attached Figure Description

[0047] Figure 1 The compressive stress-strain curves of the anti-seismic particles prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 are shown.

[0048] Figure 2 The graph shows the compressive strength results of the concrete prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3;

[0049] Figure 3 The diagram shows the differential stress-strain curves of the concrete specimens prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 of this invention.

[0050] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. Detailed Implementation

[0051] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those familiar to those skilled in the art. Furthermore, any methods and materials similar to or equivalent to those described herein may be applied to this invention. The preferred embodiments and materials described herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not limit the scope of this application.

[0053] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods; unless otherwise specified, the experimental materials and test strains used in the following examples were purchased from commercial channels.

[0054] Example 1

[0055] This embodiment provides a seismic-resistant and toughened reinforced concrete, which comprises the following components by weight: 15 parts silicate cement, 40 parts granite crushed stone, 20 parts river sand, 1 part seismic-resistant particles, 0.5 parts calcium aluminate quick-setting agent, 0.5 parts carbonyl pyroaldehyde water-reducing agent, 0.3 parts sulfate air-entraining agent, and 10 parts water.

[0056] Among them, calcium aluminate quick-setting agent is Hongxing No. 1 quick-setting agent, whose main components are alumina clinker (Ca(AlO2)2), sodium carbonate and quicklime, and are prepared in a mass ratio of 1:1:0.5.

[0057] Carbonyl pyroaldehyde water-reducing agent, also known as aliphatic water-reducing agent, has its core component as sulfonated acetone formaldehyde condensate (carbonyl pyroaldehyde), specifically as an HSB type aliphatic water-reducing agent;

[0058] Sulfate air-entraining agents are anionic surfactants, specifically sodium sulfate of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether.

[0059] The raw materials for preparing the anti-seismic particles include the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts polyurethane-based reinforcing agent, 15 parts E-54 bisphenol A type epoxy resin, 3.5 parts ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, 0.5 parts nano SiO2, and 3.5 parts triethanolamine;

[0060] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing earthquake-resistant and toughened reinforced concrete, specifically including the following steps:

[0061] The preparation method of earthquake-resistant particles specifically includes the following steps:

[0062] S1. Place 4.5g of 1,4-butanediol and 5.85g of succinic acid in a flask, add 30mg of stannous chloride, mix well, raise the reaction temperature to 180℃ to carry out dehydration condensation reaction, react for 1h. After the reaction is completed, continue to raise the reaction temperature to 230℃ to carry out polymerization reaction, react for 2h. After the reaction is completed, after the reaction system is cooled to room temperature, add anhydrous ethanol for washing, collect the reaction product, purify and dry it to obtain soft segment polymer.

[0063] S2. Place 7.0g of soft segment polymer in a flask, raise the temperature to 120℃ to completely melt the soft segment polymer, then introduce flowing nitrogen gas, add 1.0g of MDI and mix, maintain the reaction temperature at 120℃, carry out the polymerization reaction, react for 1 hour, and after the reaction is completed, the prepolymer is obtained.

[0064] S3. Add 50 mL of DMF to the prepolymer reaction system prepared in step S2. After the prepolymer is completely dissolved, continuously purge with flowing nitrogen to maintain a nitrogen atmosphere. Dissolve 0.18 g of 1,4-butanediol and 0.26 g of dibromoneopentyl glycol in 10 mL of DMF to obtain a chain extender solution. Add the chain extender solution to the reaction system and maintain the reaction temperature at 120 °C for chain extension reaction. After reacting for 6 h, cool to 80 °C and add anhydrous methanol for end-capping treatment. After end-capping reaction for 1 h, remove the reaction solvent by rotary evaporation to obtain a polyurethane-based polymer.

[0065] S4. Mix 2.25 g of 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane with 100 mL of anhydrous THF. After the reaction system is homogeneous, introduce flowing high-purity argon gas and transfer the reaction system to an ice-water bath. Add 0.3 g of borane dimethyl sulfide complex at a rate of 1 mL / min and stir at 400 rpm. Raise the reaction temperature to 40°C and react for 12 h. Terminate the reaction by adding anhydrous ethanol and cooling. Pour the reaction mixture into a cooled saturated sodium carbonate solution to neutralize the reaction system. Separate the organic layer and the aqueous layer using a separatory funnel. Dry the organic layer with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove residual water. Filter out the anhydrous magnesium sulfate and remove the solvent by rotary evaporation to obtain the silicon-boron compound.

[0066] S5. Take 6.0g of the polyurethane-based polymer prepared in step S3 and place it in a flask. Add anhydrous DMF and stir until the polyurethane-based polymer is completely dissolved. After passing through flowing nitrogen gas, add 2.0g of the silicon boron compound prepared in step S4. After mixing evenly, add 10mg of benzoyl peroxide to initiate the reaction. Raise the reaction temperature to 50℃ and react for 14h. After the reaction is completed, wash repeatedly with anhydrous diethyl ether and deionized water. Dry the organic phase with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, purify and rotary evaporate to obtain the polyurethane-based reinforcing agent.

[0067] S6. Take 15g of E-54 bisphenol A type epoxy resin and 3.5g of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, mix them evenly, add 5g of the polyurethane-based reinforcing agent prepared in step S5, stir continuously at a stirring speed of 600rpm, raise the reaction temperature to 150℃ for mixing and reaction, and react for 5h. After the reaction is completed, after the reaction system cools to room temperature, add 0.5g of SiO2 nanoparticles, stir continuously at a speed of 600rpm and sonicate at 500W for 2h, add 3.5g of triethanolamine, continue stirring at a speed of 600rpm, vacuum degassing, cure at 80℃ for 24h, grind to obtain shock-resistant particles;

[0068] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing earthquake-resistant and toughened reinforced concrete, specifically including the following steps:

[0069] S7. Granite crushed stone, river sand, silicate cement, seismic granules, calcium aluminate quick-setting agent, carbonyl pyroaldehyde water-reducing agent, sulfate air-entraining agent and water are mixed according to the weight parts to obtain seismic toughening and reinforced concrete.

[0070] Example 2

[0071] This embodiment provides a seismic-resistant and toughened reinforced concrete, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 18 parts silicate cement, 40 parts basalt crushed stone, 10 parts limestone crushed stone, 30 parts river sand, 3 parts seismic-resistant particles, 1 part sulfoaluminate quick-setting agent, 0.8 parts polycarboxylate superplasticizer, 0.5 parts sulfate air-entraining agent, and 15 parts water.

[0072] Among them, the core component of the sulfoaluminate quick-setting agent is calcium sulfoaluminate mineral (3CaO·Al2O3·3CaSO4), specifically the alkali-free sulfoaluminate quick-setting agent Sichuan Shuangli SL-GB type.

[0073] Polycarboxylate superplasticizer, specifically Subote PCA®-Ⅰ series polycarboxylate high-performance superplasticizer;

[0074] Sulfate air-entraining agents are anionic surfactants, specifically sodium sulfate of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether.

[0075] The raw materials for preparing the anti-seismic particles include the following components in parts by weight: 6 parts polyurethane-based reinforcing agent, 16 parts E-51 bisphenol A type epoxy resin, 4 parts propylene glycol diglycidyl ether, 0.5 parts nano SiO2, and 4 parts triethanolamine.

[0076] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing earthquake-resistant and toughened reinforced concrete, specifically including the following steps:

[0077] The preparation method of earthquake-resistant particles specifically includes the following steps:

[0078] S1. Place 3.1g of ethylene glycol and 7.44g of adipic acid in a flask, add 15mg of dibutyltin diacetate, mix well, raise the reaction temperature to 180℃ to carry out dehydration condensation reaction, react for 1h. After the reaction is completed, continue to raise the reaction temperature to 210℃ to carry out polymerization reaction, react for 3h. After the reaction is completed, after the reaction system is cooled to room temperature, add anhydrous ethanol for washing, collect the reaction product, purify and dry it to obtain soft segment polymer.

[0079] S2. Place 7.4g of soft segment polymer in a flask, raise the temperature to 120℃ to completely melt the soft segment polymer, then introduce flowing nitrogen gas, add 0.6g of 2,6-TDI and mix, maintain the reaction temperature at 135℃ and carry out the polymerization reaction for 2 hours. After the reaction is completed, the prepolymer is obtained.

[0080] S3. Add 50 mL of DMF to the prepolymer reaction system prepared in step S2. After the prepolymer is completely dissolved, continuously purge with flowing nitrogen to maintain a nitrogen atmosphere. Dissolve 0.16 g of 1,4-butanediol and 0.16 g of dibromoneopentyl glycol in 10 mL of DMF to obtain a chain extender solution. Add the chain extender solution to the reaction system and maintain the reaction temperature at 130 °C for chain extension reaction. After reacting for 8 h, cool to 80 °C and add anhydrous methanol for end-capping treatment. After end-capping reaction for 1 h, remove the reaction solvent by rotary evaporation to obtain a polyurethane-based polymer.

[0081] S4. Mix 2.8 g of 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane with 100 mL of anhydrous THF. After the reaction system is homogeneous, introduce flowing high-purity argon gas and transfer the reaction system to an ice-water bath. Add 0.4 g of borane dimethyl sulfide complex at a rate of 1 mL / min and stir at 600 rpm. Raise the reaction temperature to 50 °C and react for 8 h. Terminate the reaction by adding anhydrous ethanol. Cool the reaction mixture and pour it into a cooled saturated sodium carbonate solution to neutralize the reaction system. Separate the organic layer and the aqueous layer using a separatory funnel. Dry the organic layer with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove residual water. Filter out the anhydrous magnesium sulfate and remove the solvent by rotary evaporation to obtain the silicon-boron compound.

[0082] S5. Take 6.0g of the polyurethane-based polymer prepared in step S3 and place it in a flask. Add anhydrous DMF and stir until the polyurethane-based polymer is completely dissolved. After passing through flowing nitrogen gas, add 2.0g of the silicon boron compound prepared in step S4. After mixing evenly, add 10mg of benzoyl peroxide to initiate the reaction. Raise the reaction temperature to 40℃ and react for 16h. After the reaction is completed, wash repeatedly with anhydrous diethyl ether and deionized water. Dry the organic phase with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, purify and rotary evaporate to obtain the polyurethane-based reinforcing agent.

[0083] S6. Take 16g of E-51 bisphenol A type epoxy resin and 4g of propylene glycol diglycidyl ether, mix them evenly, add 6g of the polyurethane-based reinforcing agent prepared in step S5, stir continuously at a stirring speed of 700rpm, raise the reaction temperature to 160℃ for mixing and reaction, and react for 4h. After the reaction is completed, after the reaction system cools to room temperature, add 0.6g of SiO2 nanoparticles, stir continuously at a speed of 700rpm and sonicate at 600W for 1h, add 4g of triethanolamine, continue stirring at a speed of 700rpm, vacuum degassing, cure at 100℃ for 18h, grind to obtain shock-resistant particles;

[0084] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing earthquake-resistant and toughened reinforced concrete, specifically including the following steps:

[0085] S7. Basalt crushed stone, limestone crushed stone, river sand, silicate cement, seismic granules, ettringite quick-setting agent, polycarboxylate superplasticizer, sulfate air-entraining agent and water are mixed according to the weight parts to obtain seismic toughening and reinforced concrete.

[0086] Example 3

[0087] This embodiment provides a seismic-resistant and toughened reinforced concrete, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts silicate cement, 20 parts granite crushed stone, 25 parts basalt crushed stone, 25 parts quartz sand, 5 parts seismic-resistant particles, 0.8 parts sulfoaluminate quick-setting agent, 1 part polycarboxylate superplasticizer, 0.1 parts sulfate air-entraining agent, and 12 parts water.

[0088] Among them, the core component of the sulfoaluminate quick-setting agent is calcium sulfoaluminate mineral (3CaO·Al2O3·3CaSO4), specifically the alkali-free sulfoaluminate quick-setting agent Sichuan Shuangli SL-GB type.

[0089] Polycarboxylate superplasticizer, specifically Subote PCA®-Ⅰ series polycarboxylate high-performance superplasticizer;

[0090] Sulfate air-entraining agents are anionic surfactants, specifically sodium sulfate of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether.

[0091] The raw materials for preparing the anti-seismic particles include the following components in parts by weight: 8 parts polyurethane-based reinforcing agent, 20 parts E44 bisphenol A type epoxy resin, 5 parts polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, 0.7 parts nano SiO2, and 5 parts triethanolamine.

[0092] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing earthquake-resistant and toughened reinforced concrete, specifically including the following steps:

[0093] The preparation method of earthquake-resistant particles specifically includes the following steps:

[0094] S1. Place 3.8g of 1,3-propanediol and 6.46g of glutaric acid in a flask, add 24mg of dibutyltin dilaurate, mix well, raise the reaction temperature to 180℃ to carry out dehydration condensation reaction, react for 1h. After the reaction is completed, continue to raise the reaction temperature to 220℃ to carry out polymerization reaction, react for 1h. After the reaction is completed, after the reaction system is cooled to room temperature, add anhydrous ethanol for washing, collect the reaction product, purify and dry it to obtain soft segment polymer.

[0095] S2. Place 10.0g of soft segment polymer in a flask, raise the temperature to 120℃ to completely melt the soft segment polymer, then introduce flowing nitrogen gas, add 0.67g of IPDI and mix, maintain the reaction temperature at 150℃, carry out the polymerization reaction, react for 1 hour, and after the reaction is completed, the prepolymer is obtained.

[0096] S3. Add 50 mL of DMF to the prepolymer reaction system prepared in step S2. After the prepolymer is completely dissolved, continuously purge with flowing nitrogen to maintain a nitrogen atmosphere. Dissolve 0.13 g of 1,4-butanediol and 0.18 g of dibromoneopentyl glycol in 10 mL of DMF to obtain a chain extender solution. Add the chain extender solution to the reaction system and maintain the reaction temperature at 140 °C for chain extension reaction. After reacting for 4 h, cool to 80 °C and add anhydrous methanol for end-capping treatment. After the end-capping reaction for 1 h, remove the reaction solvent by rotary evaporation to obtain a polyurethane-based polymer.

[0097] S4. Mix 6.5 g of 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane with 100 mL of anhydrous THF. After the reaction system is homogeneous, introduce flowing high-purity argon gas and transfer the reaction system to an ice-water bath. Add 0.5 g of borane dimethyl sulfide complex at a rate of 1 mL / min and stir at 500 rpm. Raise the reaction temperature to 60°C and react for 10 h. Add anhydrous ethanol to terminate the reaction. Cool the reaction mixture and pour it into a cooled saturated sodium carbonate solution to neutralize the reaction system. Separate the organic layer and the aqueous layer using a separatory funnel. Dry the organic layer with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove residual water. Filter out the anhydrous magnesium sulfate and remove the solvent by rotary evaporation to obtain the silicon-boron compound.

[0098] S5. Take 6.0g of the polyurethane-based polymer prepared in step S3 and place it in a flask. Add anhydrous DMF and stir until the polyurethane-based polymer is completely dissolved. After passing through flowing nitrogen gas, add 2.0g of the silicon boron compound prepared in step S4. After mixing evenly, add 10mg of benzoyl peroxide to initiate the reaction. Raise the reaction temperature to 60℃ and react for 12h. After the reaction is completed, wash repeatedly with anhydrous diethyl ether and deionized water. Dry the organic phase with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, purify and rotary evaporate to obtain the polyurethane-based reinforcing agent.

[0099] S6. Take 20g of E44 bisphenol A type epoxy resin and 5g of polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, mix them evenly, add 8g of the polyurethane-based reinforcing agent prepared in step S5, stir continuously at a stirring speed of 800rpm, raise the reaction temperature to 155℃ for mixing and reaction, and react for 3h. After the reaction is completed, after the reaction system cools to room temperature, add 0.7g of SiO2 nanoparticles, stir continuously at a speed of 800rpm and sonicate at 700W for 1h, add 5g of triethanolamine, continue stirring at a speed of 800rpm, vacuum degassing, cure at 120℃ for 21h, and grind to obtain shock-resistant particles.

[0100] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing earthquake-resistant and toughened reinforced concrete, specifically including the following steps:

[0101] S7. Granite crushed stone, basalt crushed stone, quartz sand, silicate cement, seismic granules, sulfoaluminate quick-setting agent, polycarboxylate superplasticizer, sulfate air-entraining agent and water are mixed according to the weight parts to obtain seismic toughening and reinforced concrete.

[0102] Comparative Example 1

[0103] This comparative example provides a concrete and its preparation method, which differs from Example 1 only in that the raw materials for preparing the earthquake-resistant particles do not include polyurethane-based reinforcing agents, while the remaining components and their contents are the same as in Example 1.

[0104] Comparative Example 2

[0105] This comparative example provides a concrete and its preparation method, which differs from Example 1 only in that, in the preparation method of the earthquake-resistant particles, the soft segment polymer is replaced with the same weight parts of polycarbonate diol, while the other components and component contents are the same as in Example 1.

[0106] Comparative Example 3

[0107] This comparative example provides a concrete and its preparation method, which differs from Example 1 only in that the preparation method of the earthquake-resistant particles does not include steps S4 and S5, and the polyurethane-based reinforcing agent mentioned in step S6 is replaced by the same weight parts of the polyurethane-based polymer prepared in step S3. The remaining components and component contents are the same as in Example 1.

[0108] Experimental Example 1

[0109] The mechanical properties of the earthquake-resistant particles prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were tested using an RTR-1500 triaxial rock mechanics testing system.

[0110] Figure 1 Figure 1 shows the compressive stress-strain curves of the anti-seismic particles prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3. As shown in the figure, when the anti-seismic particles prepared in Examples 1-3 of this invention reach the yield point, their strain is relatively high and their compressive stress is relatively large. The high compressive stress corresponding to the yield point indicates that it can maintain an elastic state under greater pressure. The high strain at the yield point means that it can absorb more external energy before entering the plastic deformation stage, indicating that it will not break rapidly when subjected to external force, but will dissipate energy through deformation. Compared with Comparative Examples 1-3, the anti-seismic particles prepared in Examples 1-3 of this invention have higher toughness. Materials with high toughness can absorb a large amount of stress fluctuation energy in the plastic deformation stage, thereby preventing stress concentration and structural damage caused by earthquakes. The anti-seismic particles prepared in Examples 1-3 of this invention have high toughness and seismic performance.

[0111] Experiment Example 2

[0112] This experiment tests the mechanical properties of the concrete prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3. The concrete prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 was placed in a mold and cured to obtain concrete specimens. The compressive strength of the concrete specimens prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 was tested using an NYL-300 compression testing machine. The elasticity of the concrete specimens prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 was tested using a triaxial rock mechanics testing system.

[0113] Figure 2The figure shows the compressive strength results of the concrete prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3. As shown in the figure, after 48 hours of compressive strength testing, the concrete specimens prepared in Examples 1-3 have good compressive strength, with a compressive strength of over 50 MPa. However, the compressive strength of Comparative Example 1 is the worst, with a compressive strength of 38.7 MPa after 48 hours of compressive strength testing. Comparative Example 2 maintains a compressive strength of 47.2 MPa, and Comparative Example 3 maintains a compressive strength of 42.5 MPa.

[0114] Figure 3 The figure shows the differential stress-strain curves of the concrete specimens prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 of this invention. As shown in the figure, the differential stress-strain curve is usually used to analyze the energy dissipation ability of materials during loading and unloading, especially the performance under cyclic loading conditions. Materials with high toughness usually exhibit a longer plastic stage. After reaching the peak stress, the curve does not drop rapidly to zero, but instead shows a plateau region or a gentle slope. The concrete specimens prepared in Examples 1-3 of this invention show a gentle slope downward trend when the curve reaches its peak. After reaching the maximum stress, the materials with high toughness do not break immediately, but can slowly convert energy through continuous deformation, thus showing the ability to resist cracking and fracture. This indicates that the concrete specimens prepared in Examples 1-3 have higher toughness. In engineering design, selecting materials with high toughness for seismic structures can significantly improve their ability to withstand seismic impacts, and improve the safety and service life of the structure.

[0115] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention.

[0116] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above. This description is not restrictive, and the accompanying drawings are only one embodiment of the present invention. The actual application is not limited to this. In conclusion, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar methods and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, they should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A seismic-resistant, toughened, and reinforced concrete, characterized in that: The earthquake-resistant and toughened reinforced concrete comprises the following components by weight: 15-20 parts silicate cement, 40-50 parts coarse aggregate, 20-30 parts fine aggregate, 1-5 parts earthquake-resistant particles, 0.5-1 part quick-setting agent, 0.5-1 part water-reducing agent, 0.1-0.5 parts air-entraining agent, and 15 parts water. The raw materials for preparing the anti-seismic particles include the following components in parts by weight: 5-8 parts of polyurethane-based reinforcing agent, 15-20 parts of epoxy resin, 3.5-5 parts of diluent, 0.5-0.7 parts of nano-SiO2, and 3.5-5 parts of curing agent. The method for preparing the earthquake-resistant particles specifically includes the following steps: S1. Place diol compounds and diacid compounds in a flask, add catalyst, mix well, raise the reaction temperature to carry out dehydration condensation reaction, after the reaction is completed, continue to raise the reaction temperature to carry out polymerization reaction, after the reaction is completed, cool, add anhydrous ethanol for washing, purify and dry to obtain soft segment polymer. S2. After the soft segment polymer is heated to melt, flowing nitrogen gas is introduced, and then diisocyanate compounds are added and mixed. The reaction temperature is maintained to carry out the polymerization reaction. After the reaction is completed, the prepolymer is obtained. S3. Add DMF to the prepolymer reaction system prepared in step S2 to dissolve it, add chain extender solution under nitrogen atmosphere, maintain reaction temperature to carry out chain extension reaction, add anhydrous methanol for end-capping treatment, and rotary evaporate to obtain polyurethane-based polymer. S4. Mix 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane with anhydrous THF until homogeneous, then introduce high-purity argon gas. Under ice-water bath conditions, add boron dimethyl sulfide complex dropwise. After mixing until homogeneous, raise the reaction temperature and stir the reaction. Add anhydrous ethanol to terminate the reaction. Cool the reaction mixture and pour it into a cooled saturated sodium carbonate solution to neutralize the reaction system. Separate the organic layer and the aqueous layer using a separatory funnel. Dry the organic layer with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove residual moisture. Filter out the anhydrous magnesium sulfate and remove the solvent by rotary evaporation to obtain the silicon boron compound. S5. Dissolve the polyurethane-based polymer prepared in step S3 in anhydrous THF, introduce flowing nitrogen gas, add the silicon-boron compound prepared in step S4, mix evenly, add benzoyl peroxide to initiate the reaction, raise the reaction temperature to 40-60℃, react for 12-16 h, after the reaction is completed, wash repeatedly with anhydrous diethyl ether and deionized water, dry the organic phase with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, purify and rotary evaporate to obtain the polyurethane-based reinforcing agent; S6. After mixing epoxy resin and diluent evenly, add the polyurethane-based reinforcing agent prepared in step S5, stir continuously, raise the reaction temperature to carry out the mixing reaction, after the reaction is completed, cool, add SiO2 nanoparticles, stir continuously and perform ultrasonic treatment, add curing agent, continue stirring, vacuum degassing, perform curing treatment, and after grinding, obtain shock-resistant particles.

2. The earthquake-resistant and toughened reinforced concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coarse aggregate includes at least one of granite crushed stone, basalt crushed stone, and limestone crushed stone; the fine aggregate includes at least one of river sand and quartz sand; the quick-setting agent includes at least one of calcium aluminate quick-setting agent and sulfoaluminate quick-setting agent; the water-reducing agent includes at least one of polycarboxylate water-reducing agent and carbonyl pyroaldehyde water-reducing agent; and the air-entraining agent includes a sulfate air-entraining agent.

3. The earthquake-resistant and toughened reinforced concrete according to claim 2, characterized in that: The epoxy resin includes at least one of E-54 bisphenol A type epoxy resin, E-51 bisphenol A type epoxy resin, and E44 bisphenol A type epoxy resin; the diluent includes at least one of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, propylene glycol diglycidyl ether, and polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether; and the curing agent includes triethanolamine.

4. The earthquake-resistant and toughened reinforced concrete according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S1, the diol compound includes at least one selected from 1,4-butanediol, ethylene glycol, and 1,3-propanediol; the diacid compound includes at least one selected from succinic acid, adipic acid, and glutaric acid; the catalyst is at least one selected from dibutyltin diacetate, stannous chloride, and dibutyltin dilaurate; the mass ratio between the diol compound and the diacid compound is 1:1.3-2.4; and the added mass of the catalyst is 0.2%-0.5% of the mass of the diacid compound. The reaction temperature for the dehydration condensation reaction is 180℃, and the reaction time is 1 hour. The reaction temperature for the polymerization reaction is 210-230℃, and the reaction time is 1-3 hours.

5. The earthquake-resistant and toughened reinforced concrete according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S2, the diisocyanate compound includes at least one of diphenylmethane diisocyanate, toluene-2,6-diisocyanate, and isophorone diisocyanate; the mass ratio between the soft segment polymer and the diisocyanate compound is 7-10:0.6-1; the polymerization temperature is 120-150℃, and the polymerization time is 1-2h.

6. The earthquake-resistant and toughened reinforced concrete according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S3, the chain extender solution is a mixed solution of 1,4-butanediol and dibromoneopentyl glycol in DMF. The mass concentration of 1,4-butanediol in DMF is 0.013-0.018 g / mL, and the mass concentration of dibromoneopentyl glycol in DMF is 0.016-0.026 g / mL. The reaction temperature of the chain extension reaction is 120-140℃, and the reaction time is 4-8 h.

7. The earthquake-resistant and toughened reinforced concrete according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S4, the mass ratio between the 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane and the boron dimethyl sulfide complex is 6.5-7.5:1; the stirring speed of the stirring reaction is 400-600 rpm, the reaction temperature of the stirring reaction is 40-60℃, and the reaction time of the stirring reaction is 8-12 h.

8. The earthquake-resistant and toughened reinforced concrete according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S6, the stirring speed of the mixing reaction is 600-800 rpm, the reaction temperature of the mixing reaction is 150-160℃, and the reaction time of the mixing reaction is 3-5 h; the power of the ultrasonic treatment is 500-700 W, and the ultrasonic treatment time is 1-2 h; the curing temperature of the curing treatment is 80-120℃, and the curing time of the curing treatment is 18-24 h.

9. A method for preparing earthquake-resistant and toughened reinforced concrete according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: Specifically, the steps include the following: Coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, silicate cement, seismic granules, quick-setting agent, water-reducing agent, air-entraining agent and water are mixed according to the weight proportions to obtain seismic-resistant and toughened reinforced concrete.

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