High-strength water-resistant and freeze-resistant plastering and spraying mortar and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of building materials, and particularly discloses a high-strength water-resistant and freeze-resistant plastering and spraying mortar and a preparation method thereof. The high-strength water-resistant and freeze-resistant plastering and spraying mortar comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: high-free-calcium belite sulphoaluminate clinker 2.5%-9.3%, gypsum 20%-50%, granulated blast furnace slag powder 9.4%-56.5% and light aggregate 8%-34%. Through the design of the high-free-calcium belite sulphoaluminate clinker and the raw materials of the high-strength water-resistant and freeze-resistant plastering and spraying mortar, the high-free-calcium belite sulphoaluminate clinker and the granulated blast furnace slag powder can improve the hydration product type, composition and microstructure of the gypsum-based material, greatly increase the water-resistant and high-strength hydration product ettringite and C-(A)-S-H, and simultaneously realize the dense coating of the two on dihydrate gypsum, so that the problems of poor water resistance, poor frost resistance and low strength of the gypsum-based mortar are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building materials technology, and in particular to a high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Gypsum-based plastering mortar and spray mortar are premixed dry powder mortars made primarily of building gypsum (hemihydrate gypsum), compounded with lightweight aggregates and modified admixtures. They possess excellent characteristics such as being environmentally friendly, fast-setting and hardening, lightweight and insulating, crack-resistant, and having high construction efficiency. However, gypsum-based mortars have poor water resistance and low strength due to the high solubility of their hydration product, dihydrate gypsum, and the absence of colloidal hydration products. Prolonged contact with water or in humid environments with high humidity can lead to powdering. The compressive strength of existing gypsum-based mortars is approximately 4MPa to 6MPa, far lower than that of cement-based plastering mortars, thus limiting their load-bearing capacity. Furthermore, existing gypsum-based mortars also have poor water resistance and frost resistance. Therefore, gypsum-based plastering and spray mortars can only be used for leveling or decorative base treatment of walls in dry indoor areas. They cannot be used outdoors or in areas with load-bearing requirements, nor can they be used in damp areas such as kitchens, bathrooms, and basements.

[0003] The poor water resistance and low strength of gypsum-based plastering spray mortar severely limit its application. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a plastering spray mortar with high strength, water resistance, and freeze resistance. Besides addressing the technical bottlenecks of traditional gypsum-based mortar, a high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar can also solve the problems of high shrinkage, easy cracking, and high cost of existing cement-based plastering mortar, improve thermal insulation and sound insulation performance, and significantly improve the performance and quality of wall plastering spraying projects. Furthermore, existing gypsum-based mortars are mainly applied to single varieties such as desulfurized gypsum-based building gypsum, phosphogypsum-based building gypsum, anhydrite, α-high-strength gypsum, and fluorogypsum, and a comprehensive utilization technology applicable to all these types of gypsum has not yet been developed. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar to expand the application fields of industrial by-product gypsum, provide new technical ideas for the recycling of industrial by-product gypsum, and promote the harmless, large-scale, and resource-based utilization of industrial by-product gypsum. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar and its preparation method. Through the design of high-free-calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker and the design of raw materials for the high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar, the synergistic effect of high-free-calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker and granulated blast furnace slag powder can improve the types, composition, and microstructure of hydration products in gypsum-based materials, significantly increasing the water-resistant and high-strength hydration products ettringite and C-(A)-SH. At the same time, it achieves a dense coating of dihydrate gypsum by both, thereby solving the problems of poor water resistance, poor freeze resistance, and low strength of gypsum-based self-leveling materials.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, comprising the following raw materials in weight percentages: 2.5%~9.3% high free calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker, 20%~50% gypsum, 9.4%~56.5% granulated blast furnace slag powder, and 8%~34% lightweight aggregate;

[0007] The high-free-calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker comprises the following mineral components by mass percentage: anhydrous calcium sulfoaluminate 25.31%~33.27%, free calcium sulfate 6.55%~12.26%, free calcium oxide 14.82%~19.71%, belite 27.27%~33.87%, and iron phase 3.04%~6.08%.

[0008] Compared to existing technologies, the high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar provided by this invention introduces a specific amount of free calcium sulfate into high-free-calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker (hereinafter referred to as clinker). Anhydrous calcium sulfoaluminate can be dissolved in the liquid phase of free calcium sulfate (free calcium sulfate forms a liquid phase during high-temperature calcination), generating a mixture of amorphous anhydrous calcium sulfoaluminate and cubic anhydrous calcium sulfoaluminate. In the presence of free calcium sulfate, the activity of cubic anhydrous calcium sulfoaluminate is much higher than that of orthorhombic anhydrous calcium sulfoaluminate in conventional sulfoaluminate cement clinker. A specific amount of free calcium oxide is also introduced into the clinker. Free calcium oxide has high hydration activity and can react rapidly upon contact with water. Therefore, a higher level of free calcium oxide and a suitable amount of free calcium sulfate significantly enhance the activity of other minerals in the clinker and the clinker as a whole. This clinker reacts rapidly upon contact with water, generating a large number of highly active monosulfide-type hydrated calcium sulfoaluminate (AFm) microcrystals. Because the reactants mentioned above are highly reactive, the resulting AFm crystals are small in size, highly reactive, and in a metastable state. When Ca reappears in the system... 2+ and SO4 2- When ions are present, they can react rapidly to form a more stable trisulfide-type hydrated calcium sulfoaluminate (also known as ettringite, AFt).

[0009] The high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar provided by this invention utilizes the synergistic effect of high-free-calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker and granulated blast furnace slag powder to improve the types, composition, and microstructure of gypsum hydration products. It also promotes the directional growth of hydration products with excellent water resistance, AFt and C-(A)-SH gel, around dihydrate gypsum, preventing external moisture from dissolving the dihydrate gypsum. This significantly improves the water resistance and mechanical properties of the plastering spray mortar, and the curing strength in standard water is greater than that in standard dry air curing.

[0010] In this invention, the dihydrate gypsum crystals formed by the external addition of gypsum are densely coated with both AFt microcrystals and C-(A)-SH gel. Even with a high gypsum content, this prevents the easily water-soluble dihydrate gypsum from dissolving in water, thus solving the problems of poor water resistance, significantly reduced strength, and poor freeze-thaw resistance in gypsum-based plastering spray mortar caused by the high solubility of dihydrate gypsum. As the microstructure gradually becomes denser, the porosity of the high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-thaw resistant plastering spray mortar gradually decreases, thereby gradually increasing its mechanical strength.

[0011] Preferably, the belite comprises dicalcium silicate.

[0012] Preferably, the iron phase comprises tetracalcium aluminoferrite.

[0013] Preferably, the high free calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker further includes 5.03% to 7.66% mixed mineral components.

[0014] For example, based on a mass content of 100% high-free-calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker, the mixed mineral composition includes 2%~4% periclase, 0.85%~2.55% perovskite, and 0.5%~1.5% alkali metal sulfates.

[0015] Preferably, the high free calcium berite sulfoaluminate clinker comprises the following oxides in mass percentage: SiO2 9.5%~11.8%, Al2O3 14%~18%, CaO 55%~58%, SO3 8%~11%, and Fe2O3 1%~2%.

[0016] More preferably, the high-free-calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker further includes 4% to 6.7% mixed oxides.

[0017] For example, the hybrid oxides include at least one of MgO, TiO2, Na2O or K2O.

[0018] Preferably, the specific surface area of ​​the high free calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker is ≥500 m². 2 / kg.

[0019] Preferably, the method for preparing the high-free-calcium berit sulfoaluminate clinker includes the following steps:

[0020] Limestone, bauxite and gypsum are mixed and ground to obtain raw material;

[0021] The raw material is calcined at 1200℃~1300℃ to obtain high free calcium berite sulfoaluminate clinker.

[0022] The present invention provides a method for preparing high-free-calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker. The method designs the amount of raw materials based on the mineral composition of the clinker, thereby calculating the proportion of each oxide in the clinker. Through extensive experimentation, the present invention has found that the optimal firing temperature range for this type of clinker is 1200℃ to 1300℃. Temperatures that are too high or too low will not allow for the formation of the target mineral composition. If the calcination temperature is too low, the mineral composition of the clinker will not be fully formed; if the calcination temperature is too high, some mineral components will decompose, and neither method will achieve the desired mineral composition range.

[0023] More preferably, the mass ratio of limestone, bauxite and gypsum is (60~71):(17~23):(12~19).

[0024] More preferably, the chemical components in the raw material satisfy the following:

[0025] ([CaO]-1.87×[SiO2]-1.05×[Fe2O3]-0.7×[TiO2]-0.55×[Al2O3]-0.7×[SO3]) / (100%-α)= 14.82%~19.71%

[0026] (1.7×[SO3]-0.45×[Al2O3]+0.28×[Fe2O3]) / (100%-α)=6.55%~12.26%

[0027] In the formula, α is the loss on ignition of the raw meal.

[0028] It should be noted that in this invention, [CaO] represents the mass percentage of CaO in the raw meal, [SiO2] represents the mass percentage of SiO2 in the raw meal, [Fe2O3] represents the mass percentage of Fe2O3 in the raw meal, [TiO2] represents the mass percentage of TiO2 in the raw meal, [Al2O3] represents the mass percentage of Al2O3 in the raw meal, and [SO3] represents the mass percentage of SO3 in the raw meal; α = ∑ mass percentage of each chemical component in the raw meal × loss on ignition of each chemical component.

[0029] This invention ensures that the content of free calcium oxide in the obtained clinker meets the requirements by limiting the content to {[CaO]-1.87×[SiO2]-1.4×[Fe2O3]-0.7×[TiO2]-0.73([Al2O3]-0.64×[Fe2O3])-0.7[[SO3]-([Al2O3]-0.64×[Fe2O3]) / 3.82]} / (100%-α)=14.82%~19.71%. Similarly, by limiting the content to 1.7[[SO3]-([Al2O3]-0.64[Fe2O3]) / 3.82] / (100%-α)=6.55%~12.26%, the content of free calcium sulfate in the obtained clinker meets the requirements.

[0030] More preferably, the particle size of the raw material is less than 15% after passing through a 0.08mm square hole sieve.

[0031] For example, calcination is carried out in a rotary kiln, and the time from entering the kiln to exiting it is 30 to 60 minutes. The specific calcination time can be adjusted according to the specific conditions of different rotary kilns.

[0032] For example, after calcination, the process also includes cooling and grinding to obtain powdered high-free-calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker.

[0033] Preferably, the gypsum includes at least one of desulfurized gypsum-based building gypsum, phosphogypsum-based building gypsum, dried desulfurized gypsum, dried phosphogypsum, wet desulfurized gypsum, wet phosphogypsum, α-high strength gypsum, fluorogypsum, anhydrite, or dihydrate gypsum.

[0034] In this invention, desulfurized gypsum-based building gypsum and phosphogypsum-based building gypsum should meet the requirements of GB / T 9776-2022 "Building Gypsum"; desulfurized gypsum, phosphogypsum, and fluorogypsum should meet the requirements of GB / T 21371-2019 "Industrial By-product Gypsum Used in Cement", and phosphogypsum should also meet the requirements of GB / T 23456-2018 "Phosphogypsum"; α-high-strength gypsum should meet the requirements of JC / T 2038-2010 "α-type High-strength Gypsum"; anhydrite and dihydrate gypsum should meet the requirements of GB / T 5483-2024 "Natural Gypsum". When this invention uses two or more types of gypsum in a compound formulation, there are no requirements regarding the dosage of different gypsum types. It should be noted that dried desulfurized gypsum is obtained by drying wet desulfurized gypsum, and dried phosphogypsum is obtained by drying wet phosphogypsum.

[0035] The difficulty of processing different types of gypsum varies greatly in this field, especially the processing of phosphogypsum, which is a major challenge in China. Therefore, many current gypsum processing technologies are mostly designed for processing single types of gypsum. However, this invention is applicable to almost all types of gypsum, especially industrial by-product gypsum, without requiring special restrictions on the type of gypsum, and is characterized by high efficiency, energy saving, and wide applicability.

[0036] In this invention, the granulated blast furnace slag powder should meet the requirements of GB / T 18046-2017 "Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Powder for Cement, Mortar and Concrete" for granulated blast furnace slag powder of grade not lower than S75, and is further preferably S95 grade.

[0037] Preferably, the lightweight aggregate includes at least one of perlite or vitrified microspheres.

[0038] Preferably, the high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar comprises the following raw materials in the following mass percentages: 3%~8% high free calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker, 20%~50% gypsum, 10%~50% granulated blast furnace slag powder, and 10%~30% lightweight aggregate.

[0039] Preferably, the high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar further includes the following raw materials in weight percentage: 0-1% amorphous calcium aluminate.

[0040] More preferably, the amorphous content of the amorphous calcium aluminate is ≥99.0%.

[0041] More preferably, the specific surface area of ​​the amorphous calcium aluminate is ≥500 m². 2 / kg.

[0042] The preferred amorphous calcium aluminate has extremely high hydration activity and can react completely within 5 minutes.

[0043] In this invention, high-free-calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker, amorphous calcium aluminate, and granulated blast furnace slag powder exhibit a synergistic hydration effect. The free calcium oxide in the clinker provides a suitable alkaline environment, which, under the synergistic activation effect of amorphous calcium aluminate, can activate the glassy structure in the granulated blast furnace slag powder. The generated AFt microcrystals induce the dissolution of substances within the glassy structure. Under the induction of AFt microcrystals, [Al(OH)4] can be dissolved from the granulated blast furnace slag powder. - and Ca 2+ It reacts with the externally added gypsum to continue generating AFt, which fills the pores; the remaining Ca in the granulated blast furnace slag powder 2+ and SiO3 2- It also gradually dissolves, and the AFt microcrystals generated in the early clinker reaction are Ca. 2+ and SiO3 2-The reaction generates C-(A)-SH gel, providing growth sites and accelerating its formation. Furthermore, the C-(A)-SH gel can create an encapsulation effect on the surface of gypsum dihydrate crystals. In addition, these C-(A)SH gels have a low calcium-to-silica ratio and a denser microstructure, resulting in better encapsulation of gypsum dihydrate. As the microstructure gradually becomes denser, the porosity of the high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering mortar gradually decreases, thereby gradually increasing its mechanical strength.

[0044] More preferably, the high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar further includes the following raw materials in weight percentages: microspheres 0-10%, silica fume 0-3.5%, mineral admixtures 0-37%, sand 0-40%, water-reducing agent 0-0.3%, air-entraining agent 0-0.02%, redispersible latex powder 0-3.5%, water-retaining thickener 0-0.13%, retarder 0-0.31%, waterproofing agent 0-0.3%, and pigment 0-6%.

[0045] More preferably, the mineral admixture includes at least one of fly ash, limestone powder, steel slag powder, or dolomite powder.

[0046] This invention allows mineral admixtures to be used in high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar, increasing the types of minerals that can be added besides mineral powder. In particular, it can effectively utilize industrial waste (fly ash, steel slag powder), effectively solving the problem of industrial waste reuse.

[0047] More preferably, the sand includes at least one of river sand, dry-mixed sand, quartz sand, or manufactured sand.

[0048] More preferably, the water-reducing agent includes at least one of polycarboxylate water-reducing agent, melamine water-reducing agent, melamine-based high-efficiency water-reducing agent, lignin water-reducing agent, or naphthalene-based water-reducing agent.

[0049] More preferably, the air-entraining agent includes at least one of rosin resin-based air-entraining agents, nonionic surfactant-based air-entraining agents, alkylbenzene sulfonate-based air-entraining agents, lignin sulfonate-based air-entraining agents, or carboxylic acid-based air-entraining agents.

[0050] More preferably, the redispersible latex powder includes at least one of acrylic polymer powder, vinyl acetate polymer powder, vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer powder, styrene-acrylate copolymer powder, butadiene-styrene copolymer powder, or ethylene-vinyl chloride copolymer powder.

[0051] More preferably, the water-retaining thickener includes at least one of methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), carboxymethylcellulose, starch ether, or hydroxyethyl methylcellulose.

[0052] More preferably, the retarder includes at least one of citric acid, sodium citrate, sodium gluconate, zinc carbonate, tartaric acid, or gypsum retarder.

[0053] More preferably, the waterproofing agent includes at least one of stearate water-repellent agent, paraffin emulsion water-repellent agent, or organosilicon penetrating crystalline waterproofing agent.

[0054] More preferably, the pigment includes at least one of titanium dioxide, ultramarine, iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow, iron oxide black, chromium oxide green, cobalt blue, manganese oxide, chromium oxide, ochre, mica, or Prussian red.

[0055] Preferably, the compressive strength of the high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar after 28 days of standard underwater curing is 15.3 MPa to 39.1 MPa.

[0056] Preferably, the 28-day standard underwater curing strength of the high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar is greater than the 28-day standard dry curing strength.

[0057] Preferably, the high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar has a frost resistance rating of F75 or higher.

[0058] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for preparing the high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, comprising the following steps:

[0059] After mixing all the raw materials of high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, water is added and mixed. The water-to-material ratio is 0.25~0.46 to obtain high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar.

[0060] The method for preparing high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar provided by this invention can balance the workability, strength, and volume deformation of the mortar by limiting the water-to-material ratio. It should be noted that the amount of water used in this invention is calculated based on the water-to-material ratio and is not included in the raw materials of the high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar. The strength, frost resistance rating, and other performance data of the aforementioned high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar are test results after mixing with water and curing for a certain period of time.

[0061] Preferably, the water-to-material ratio is 0.27 to 0.4, and more preferably 0.3 to 0.37.

[0062] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0063] Traditional gypsum-based mortars produce gypsum dihydrate, a highly soluble hydration product, but lack colloidal hydration products, resulting in low strength, poor water resistance, and extremely poor frost resistance. In severe cases, this can lead to collapse upon contact with water. The high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar provided by this invention optimizes the types, crystal forms, and growth locations of early and late-stage hydration products by adding high-free-calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker, amorphous calcium aluminate, and granulated blast furnace slag powder to the gypsum. This allows for the directional growth of highly water-resistant hydration products around the gypsum dihydrate, preventing dissolution of the gypsum dihydrate by external moisture. Even with high gypsum content, this significantly increases the density of the gypsum-based mortar, further enhancing its water resistance, frost resistance, and mechanical properties.

[0064] This invention, through research, discovered that clinker provides a slight excess of free calcium oxide. Due to the moderate calcium sulfate content in the system, free calcium oxide, amorphous / cubic anhydrous calcium sulfoaluminate, and free calcium sulfate in the clinker can react rapidly, generating a large amount of highly reactive monosulfide-type hydrated calcium sulfoaluminate (AFm) microcrystals, rather than hydrated calcium aluminate (C3AH6) or trisulfide-type hydrated calcium sulfoaluminate (i.e., ettringite, AFt). Furthermore, because the above reactants are all highly reactive, the generated AFm microcrystals are small in size, highly reactive, and in a metastable state. When Ca reappears in the system... 2+ and SO4 2- When ions are present, a rapid reaction can occur, generating a more stable AFt; as the externally added gypsum hydrates, dihydrate gypsum crystals gradually form, and the surrounding Ca... 2+ and SO4 2- Increased ion concentration induces an AFm reaction, leading to the formation of AFt microcrystals around gypsum dihydrate. These AFt microcrystals gradually encapsulate the gypsum dihydrate crystals formed by the hydration of the externally added gypsum. The AFt microcrystals generated in this invention are small in size and have excellent encapsulation effect, enabling the high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering mortar to rapidly form a skeleton, generating a dense microstructure and producing high early strength. The high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering mortar of this invention exhibits micro-expansion properties, and the gypsum dihydrate crystals are densely encapsulated by both ettringite microcrystals and C-(A)-SH gel, resulting in a compact structure that significantly improves the mortar's frost resistance.

[0065] Compared to traditional gypsum-based mortar, the high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant sprayable plastering mortar provided by this invention significantly improves water resistance, strength, and frost resistance. Ordinary gypsum-based mortar has poor water resistance, with a softening coefficient (the ratio of water-cured strength to dry-cured strength) typically below 0.5. In contrast, the high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant sprayable plastering mortar of this invention exhibits excellent water resistance, with a water-cured strength to dry-cured strength ratio exceeding 100%, thus solving the problem that the water strength of traditional gypsum-based mortar is far lower than its dry-cured strength.

[0066] The national standard "Plastering Gypsum" (GB / T 28627-2012) requires that the compressive strength of gypsum-based plastering materials be ≥4.0MPa. The compressive strength of existing products is generally 4MPa~6MPa, and the compressive strength of existing cement plastering mortar is generally 3MPa~15MPa. The high-strength water-resistant and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar of this invention has a compressive strength of up to 15.3MPa~39.1MPa after 28 days of standard underwater curing.

[0067] In the industry standard "Standard for Test Methods of Basic Performance of Building Mortar", the frost resistance test of gypsum plaster mortar is only F25 (that is, it can withstand 25 freeze-thaw cycles), and the frost resistance test of cement plaster mortar is only F50 (that is, it can withstand 50 freeze-thaw cycles). The frost resistance test of the high-strength frost-resistant sprayed plaster mortar of this invention can reach F75 or above (that is, it can withstand 75 freeze-thaw cycles).

[0068] Cement plastering mortar has high shrinkage and is prone to cracking. According to the standard JGJ / T70-2009 "Standard for Test Methods of Basic Performance of Building Mortar", the shrinkage value generally exceeds 0.21%. The high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant sprayed plastering mortar of this invention has a shrinkage of only 0.023%~0.098%, which is much lower than the shrinkage value of cement plastering mortar. This significantly reduces the risk of cracking and greatly improves its durability.

[0069] In this embodiment of the invention, the dry density of the high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar is 1000 kg / m³. 3 ~1400kg / m 3 and ≤1000kg / m 3 There are two main categories: low dry density and low thermal conductivity. They can be used for both interior and exterior walls, and have excellent thermal insulation properties. They can also solve the problems of cold bridges and thermal bridges in the structure. Attached Figure Description

[0070] Figure 1 This is an electron microscope image of the high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar in Example 5 of the present invention after 28 days of curing.

[0071] Figure 2 This is an electron microscope image of the high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar in Example 6 of the present invention after 28 days of curing.

[0072] Figure 3 This is an electron microscope image of the gypsum-based plaster spray mortar in Comparative Example 2 of the present invention after 28 days of curing. Detailed Implementation

[0073] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0074] In this invention, the amorphous calcium aluminate was purchased from Anhui Qiming New Materials Co., Ltd., and it has no crystalline phase and a specific surface area of ​​551 m². 2 / kg, density is 2.95g / cm³ 3 The desulfurized gypsum-based building gypsum was purchased from Luanxian Fuyou Renewable Resources Co., Ltd., or Shijiazhuang Rongqiang New Building Materials Co., Ltd.; the phosphogypsum-based building gypsum was purchased from Shandong Shantian Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.; the fluorogypsum was purchased from Anhui Jinyang Fluorochemical Co., Ltd.; the anhydrite was purchased from Anhui Huantai New Materials Co., Ltd.; the α-high-strength gypsum was purchased from Pingyi Yuantong Gypsum Products Co., Ltd.; the desulfurized gypsum was purchased from Qian'an Yangang; the phosphogypsum was purchased from Qinhuangdao Huaying Phosphoric Acid Co., Ltd.; the wet desulfurized gypsum was purchased from Qian'an Yangang; the wet phosphogypsum was purchased from Qinhuangdao Huaying Phosphoric Acid Co., Ltd.; the dried desulfurized gypsum was obtained by drying the wet desulfurized gypsum; the dried phosphogypsum was obtained by drying the wet phosphogypsum; the S95 grade granulated blast furnace slag powder was purchased from Qian'an Shengjiu Building Materials Co., Ltd.; the S75 grade granulated blast furnace slag powder was purchased from Yunnan Xinping Yongfu Environmental Protection Co., Ltd.

[0075] Secondary fly ash was purchased from Huashan Fly Ash Distribution Center in Kaiping District; limestone powder was purchased from Tangshan Guoxin Shengmei Trading Co., Ltd., with a specific surface area of ​​253 m². 2 / kg. Microspheres were purchased from Beijing Zhengyuan Yiqing New Materials Co., Ltd. Water-reducing agents were selected from naphthalene-based water-reducing agents, melamine water-reducing agents, C900 polycarboxylate water-reducing agents, or Xindadi (XDD) polycarboxylate water-reducing agents. Waterproofing agent ELOTEX® SEAL80 was selected, a highly active redispersible silane hydrophobic agent. Redispersible latex powder was selected from acrylic polymer powder, vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer powder, or styrene-acrylate copolymer powder. PO 42.5 grade ordinary Portland cement was purchased from Tangshan Jidong Qixin Cement Co., Ltd.

[0076] All other products without a specified manufacturer are available through retail purchase.

[0077] To better illustrate the present invention, further examples are provided below.

[0078] Example 1

[0079] This embodiment provides a high-free-calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker, comprising the following mineral components by mass percentage: anhydrous calcium sulfoaluminate 25.84%, free calcium sulfate 12.14%, free calcium oxide 15.39%, belite 33.29%, iron phase 5.78%, and mixed mineral components 7.56%. The high-free-calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker also comprises the following oxides by mass percentage: SiO2 11.60%, Al2O3 14.20%, CaO 55.20%, SO3 10.50%, Fe2O3 1.90%, and mixed oxides 6.60%.

[0080] The preparation method of the above-mentioned high free calcium berite sulfoaluminate clinker includes the following steps:

[0081] S100. According to the chemical composition ratio, weigh the raw materials limestone, bauxite and gypsum. The mass ratio of limestone, bauxite and gypsum is 60.5:21.0:18.5. After mixing and grinding, the residue after passing through a 0.08mm square hole sieve is 13%, and the raw material is obtained.

[0082] The chemical components in the raw material satisfy the following:

[0083] ([CaO]-1.87×[SiO2]-1.05×[Fe2O3]-0.7×[TiO2]-0.55×[Al2O3]-0.7×[SO3]) / (100%-α)= 15.39%

[0084] (1.7×[SO3]-0.45×[Al2O3]+0.28×[Fe2O3]) / (100%-α)=12.14%

[0085] In the formula, α is the loss on ignition of the raw meal.

[0086] S200: The raw material is calcined in a rotary kiln at 1250℃ and then ground to obtain a specific surface area of ​​530m². 2 / kg of high free calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker.

[0087] Example 2

[0088] This embodiment provides a high-free-calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker, comprising the following mineral components by weight percentage: anhydrous calcium sulfoaluminate 25.31%, free calcium sulfate 12.26%, free calcium oxide 14.82%, belite 33.87%, iron phase 6.08%, and mixed mineral components 7.66%. The high-free-calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker also comprises the following oxides by weight percentage: SiO2 11.80%, Al2O3 14.00%, CaO 55.00%, SO3 10.50%, Fe2O3 2.00%, and mixed oxides 6.70%.

[0089] The preparation method of the above-mentioned high free calcium berite sulfoaluminate clinker includes the following steps:

[0090] S100. According to the chemical composition ratio, weigh the raw materials limestone, bauxite and gypsum. The mass ratio of limestone, bauxite and gypsum is 60.0:21.3:18.7. After mixing and grinding, the residue after passing through a 0.08mm square hole sieve is 12%, and the raw material is obtained.

[0091] The chemical components in the raw material satisfy the following:

[0092] ([CaO]-1.87×[SiO2]-1.05×[Fe2O3]-0.7×[TiO2]-0.55×[Al2O3]-0.7×[SO3]) / (100%-α)= 14.82%

[0093] (1.7×[SO3]-0.45×[Al2O3]+0.28×[Fe2O3]) / (100%-α)=12.26%

[0094] In the formula, α is the loss on ignition of the raw meal.

[0095] S200: The raw material is calcined in a rotary kiln at 1200℃ and then ground to obtain a specific surface area of ​​520m². 2 / kg of high free calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker.

[0096] Example 3

[0097] This embodiment provides a high-free-calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker, comprising the following mineral components by mass percentage: anhydrous calcium sulfoaluminate 32.08%, free calcium sulfate 9.57%, free calcium oxide 16.92%, belite 29.27%, iron phase 6.08%, and mixed mineral components 6.08%. The high-free-calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker also comprises the following oxides by mass percentage: SiO2 10.20%, Al2O3 17.40%, CaO 55.20%, SO3 9.80%, Fe2O3 2.00%, and mixed oxides 5.40%.

[0098] The preparation method of the above-mentioned high free calcium berite sulfoaluminate clinker includes the following steps:

[0099] S100. According to the chemical composition ratio, weigh the raw materials limestone, bauxite and gypsum. The mass ratio of limestone, bauxite and gypsum is 61.9:20.6:17.5. After mixing and grinding, the residue after passing through a 0.08mm square hole sieve is 14%, and the raw material is obtained.

[0100] The chemical components in the raw material satisfy the following:

[0101] ([CaO]-1.87×[SiO2]-1.05×[Fe2O3]-0.7×[TiO2]-0.55×[Al2O3]-0.7×[SO3]) / (100%-α)= 16.92%

[0102] (1.7×[SO3]-0.45×[Al2O3]+0.28×[Fe2O3]) / (100%-α)=9.57%

[0103] In the formula, α is the loss on ignition of the raw meal.

[0104] S200: The raw material is calcined in a rotary kiln at 1300℃ and then ground to obtain a specific surface area of ​​510m². 2 / kg of high free calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker.

[0105] Example 4

[0106] This embodiment provides a high-free-calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker, comprising the following mineral components by mass percentage: anhydrous calcium sulfoaluminate 31.92%, free calcium sulfate 6.55%, free calcium oxide 19.71%, belite 32.14%, iron phase 4.56%, and mixed mineral components 5.12%. The high-free-calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker also comprises the following oxides by mass percentage: SiO2 11.20%, Al2O3 17.00%, CaO 58.00%, SO3 8.00%, Fe2O3 1.50%, and mixed oxides 4.30%.

[0107] The preparation method of the above-mentioned high free calcium berite sulfoaluminate clinker includes the following steps:

[0108] S100. According to the chemical composition ratio, weigh the raw materials limestone, bauxite and gypsum. The mass ratio of limestone, bauxite and gypsum is 66.4:19.3:14.3. After mixing and grinding, the residue after passing through a 0.08mm square hole sieve is 13%, and the raw material is obtained.

[0109] The chemical components in the raw material satisfy the following:

[0110] ([CaO]-1.87×[SiO2]-1.05×[Fe2O3]-0.7×[TiO2]-0.55×[Al2O3]-0.7×[SO3]) / (100%-α)= 19.71%

[0111] (1.7×[SO3]-0.45×[Al2O3]+0.28×[Fe2O3]) / (100%-α)=6.55%

[0112] In the formula, α is the loss on ignition of the raw meal.

[0113] S200: The raw material is calcined in a rotary kiln at 1250℃ and then ground to obtain a specific surface area of ​​525m². 2 / kg of high free calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker.

[0114] Example 5

[0115] This embodiment provides a high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, composed of the following raw materials by weight percentage: 3.1% high free calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker (Example 1), 28% gypsum (desulfurized gypsum-based building gypsum), 20.4% S95 grade granulated blast furnace slag powder, 8% lightweight aggregate (perlite), 40% sand (river sand 20%, dry-mixed sand 20%), 0.08% water-reducing agent, 0.12% water-retaining and thickening agent (starch ether 0.04%, hydroxyethyl cellulose 0.08%), and 0.3% retarder (sodium citrate 0.15%, sodium neogluconate 0.15%).

[0116] The preparation method of high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar includes the following steps:

[0117] After mixing all the raw materials of the above-mentioned high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, water is added and mixed. The water-material ratio is 0.25 to obtain the high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar.

[0118] After curing the high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar of this embodiment for 28 days, an electron microscope scanning test was performed. The test results are as follows: Figure 1 As shown.

[0119] Example 6

[0120] This embodiment provides a high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, composed of the following raw materials by weight percentage: 3.1% high free calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker (Example 1), 25% gypsum (desulfurized gypsum-based building gypsum), 20.4% S75 grade granulated blast furnace slag powder, 8% lightweight aggregate (perlite), 36% sand (river sand 16%, dry-mixed sand 20%), 0.08% water-reducing agent, 1% redispersible latex powder, 0.12% water-retaining thickener (starch ether 0.04%, hydroxyethyl cellulose 0.08%), 0.3% retarder (sodium citrate 0.15%, neogluconate 0.15%), and 6% pigment (titanium dioxide).

[0121] The preparation method of high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar includes the following steps:

[0122] After mixing all the raw materials of the above-mentioned high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, water is added and mixed. The water-material ratio is 0.25 to obtain the high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar.

[0123] After curing the high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar of this embodiment for 28 days, an electron microscope scanning test was performed. The test results are as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0124] Example 7

[0125] This embodiment provides a high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar, composed of the following raw materials by weight percentage: 3.1% high free calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker (Example 1), 28% gypsum (α-high-strength gypsum), 35.52% S95 grade granulated blast furnace slag powder, 12% lightweight aggregate (vitrified microspheres), 16% sand (8% river sand, 8% dry-mixed sand), 4% microspheres, 1% silica fume, 0.08% water-reducing agent, 0.1% water-retaining and thickening agent (0.02% starch ether, 0.08% hydroxyethyl cellulose), and 0.2% retarder (0.1% citric acid, 0.1% sodium neogluconate).

[0126] The preparation method of high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar includes the following steps:

[0127] After mixing all the raw materials of the above-mentioned high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, water is added and mixed, with a water-to-material ratio of 0.30, to obtain the high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar.

[0128] Example 8

[0129] This embodiment provides a high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, composed of the following raw materials by weight percentage: 3.1% high free calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker (Example 1), 28% gypsum (desulfurized gypsum-based building gypsum), 35.82% S95 grade granulated blast furnace slag powder, 8% lightweight aggregate (perlite), 20% sand (10% river sand, 10% dry-mixed sand), 4% microspheres, 0.5% silica fume, 0.16% water-reducing agent, 0.12% water-retaining and thickening agent (0.02% starch ether, 0.1% hydroxyethyl cellulose), and 0.3% retarder (0.15% sodium citrate, 0.15% sodium neogluconate).

[0130] The preparation method of high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar includes the following steps:

[0131] After mixing all the raw materials of the above-mentioned high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, water is added and mixed. The water-material ratio is 0.27 to obtain the high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar.

[0132] Example 9

[0133] This embodiment provides a high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, composed of the following raw materials in the indicated weight percentages: 8.55% high free calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker, 0.45% amorphous calcium aluminate, 20% gypsum (phosphogypsum-based building gypsum), 56.5% S95 grade granulated blast furnace slag powder, 14% lightweight aggregate (perlite), 0.14% water-reducing agent, 0.11% water-retaining and thickening agent (0.03% starch ether, 0.08% hydroxyethyl cellulose), and 0.25% retarder (0.1% citric acid, 0.15% sodium neogluconate).

[0134] The preparation method of high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar includes the following steps:

[0135] After mixing all the raw materials of the above-mentioned high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, water is added and mixed, with a water-to-material ratio of 0.35, to obtain the high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar.

[0136] Example 10

[0137] This embodiment provides a high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, composed of the following raw materials by weight percentage: 2.75% high free calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker (Example 1), 0.3% amorphous calcium aluminate, 28% gypsum (desulfurized gypsum-based building gypsum), 34.96% S95 grade granulated blast furnace slag powder, 9% lightweight aggregate (perlite), 20% sand (10% river sand, 10% dry-mixed sand), 4% microspheres, 0.06% water-reducing agent, 0.5% redispersible latex powder, 0.08% water-retaining thickener (0.02% starch ether, 0.06% hydroxyethyl cellulose), 0.1% waterproofing agent, and 0.25% retarder (0.1% citric acid, 0.15% sodium neogluconate).

[0138] The preparation method of high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar includes the following steps:

[0139] After mixing all the raw materials of the above-mentioned high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, water is added and mixed. The water-material ratio is 0.37 to obtain the high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar.

[0140] Example 11

[0141] This embodiment provides a high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, composed of the following raw materials by weight percentage: 2.79% high free calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker, 0.31% amorphous calcium aluminate, 28% gypsum (fluorogypsum), 34.6% S95 grade granulated blast furnace slag powder, 12% lightweight aggregate (perlite), 16% sand (8% river sand, 8% dry-mixed sand), 4% microspheres, 1% silica fume, 0.08% water-reducing agent, 1% redispersible latex powder, 0.08% water-retaining thickener (0.02% starch ether, 0.06% hydroxyethyl cellulose), 0.1% waterproofing agent, and 0.04% retarder (0.02% citric acid, 0.02% sodium neogluconate).

[0142] The preparation method of high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar includes the following steps:

[0143] After mixing all the raw materials of the above-mentioned high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, water is added and mixed. The water-material ratio is 0.29 to obtain the high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar.

[0144] Example 12

[0145] This embodiment provides a high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, composed of the following raw materials in the indicated weight percentages: 8.1% high free calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker (Example 1), 0.9% amorphous calcium aluminate, 20% gypsum (desulfurized gypsum-based building gypsum), 17.33% S95 grade granulated blast furnace slag powder, 14% lightweight aggregate (perlite), 37% mineral admixture (limestone powder), 0.15% water-reducing agent, 2% redispersible latex powder, 0.05% water-retaining thickener (0.03% starch ether, 0.02% hydroxyethyl cellulose), 0.2% waterproofing agent, and 0.27% retarder (0.12% citric acid, 0.15% sodium neogluconate).

[0146] The preparation method of high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar includes the following steps:

[0147] After mixing all the raw materials of the above-mentioned high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, water is added and mixed, with a water-to-material ratio of 0.40, to obtain the high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar.

[0148] Example 13

[0149] This embodiment provides a high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar, composed of the following raw materials in the indicated weight percentages: 8.1% high-free-calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker (Example 2), 0.9% amorphous calcium aluminate, 20% gypsum (desulfurized gypsum-based building gypsum), 33.2% S75 grade granulated blast furnace slag powder, 32% lightweight aggregate (vitrified microspheres), 3.5% silica fume, 0.2% water-reducing agent, 0.01% air-entraining agent, 1.5% redispersible latex powder, 0.08% water-retaining thickener (0.03% starch ether, 0.05% methylcellulose), 0.2% waterproofing agent, and 0.31% retarder (0.18% citric acid, 0.13% sodium neogluconate).

[0150] The preparation method of high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar includes the following steps:

[0151] After mixing all the raw materials of the above-mentioned high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, water is added and mixed, with a water-to-material ratio of 0.40, to obtain the high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar.

[0152] Example 14

[0153] This embodiment provides a high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, composed of the following raw materials by weight percentage: 8.1% high free calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker (Example 2), 0.9% amorphous calcium aluminate, 20% gypsum (desulfurized gypsum-based building gypsum), 17.33% S95 grade granulated blast furnace slag powder, 14% lightweight aggregate (perlite), 37% mineral admixture (fly ash), 0.15% water-reducing agent, 2% redispersible latex powder, 0.05% water-retaining thickener (0.03% starch ether, 0.02% hydroxyethyl cellulose), 0.2% waterproofing agent, and 0.27% retarder (0.12% citric acid, 0.15% sodium neogluconate).

[0154] The preparation method of high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar includes the following steps:

[0155] After mixing all the raw materials of the above-mentioned high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, water is added and mixed, with a water-to-material ratio of 0.40, to obtain the high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar.

[0156] Example 15

[0157] This embodiment provides a high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, composed of the following raw materials by weight percentage: 8.1% high free calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker (Example 2), 0.9% amorphous calcium aluminate, 20% gypsum (desulfurized gypsum-based building gypsum), 33.21% S95 grade granulated blast furnace slag powder, 32% lightweight aggregate (perlite), 3.5% silica fume, 0.19% water-reducing agent, 0.01% air-entraining agent, 1.5% redispersible latex powder, 0.08% water-retaining thickener (0.03% starch ether, 0.05% methylcellulose), 0.2% waterproofing agent, and 0.31% retarder (0.18% citric acid, 0.13% sodium neogluconate).

[0158] The preparation method of high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar includes the following steps:

[0159] After mixing all the raw materials of the above-mentioned high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, water is added and mixed. The water-material ratio is 0.42 to obtain the high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar.

[0160] Example 16

[0161] This embodiment provides a high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, composed of the following raw materials in the indicated weight percentages: 8.1% high free calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker (Example 2), 0.9% amorphous calcium aluminate, 40% gypsum (desulfurized gypsum-based building gypsum), 20.17% S95 grade granulated blast furnace slag powder, 28% lightweight aggregate (perlite), 0.22% water-reducing agent, 0.02% air-entraining agent, 2% redispersible latex powder, 0.08% water-retaining thickener (0.03% starch ether, 0.05% hydroxyethyl cellulose), 0.2% waterproofing agent, and 0.31% retarder (citric acid).

[0162] The preparation method of high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar includes the following steps:

[0163] After mixing all the raw materials of the above-mentioned high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, water is added and mixed, with a water-to-material ratio of 0.40, to obtain the high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar.

[0164] Example 17

[0165] This embodiment provides a high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, composed of the following raw materials in the indicated weight percentages: 8.1% high free calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker (Example 2), 0.9% amorphous calcium aluminate, 20% gypsum (desulfurized gypsum-based building gypsum), 35.07% S95 grade granulated blast furnace slag powder, 33% lightweight aggregate (18% perlite, 15% vitrified microspheres), 0.22% water-reducing agent, 2% redispersible latex powder, 0.11% water-retaining thickener (0.03% starch ether, 0.08% hydroxyethyl cellulose), 0.3% waterproofing agent, and 0.3% retarder (0.15% sodium citrate, 0.15% sodium neogluconate).

[0166] The preparation method of high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar includes the following steps:

[0167] After mixing all the raw materials of the above-mentioned high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, water is added and mixed. The water-material ratio is 0.43 to obtain the high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar.

[0168] Example 18

[0169] This embodiment provides a high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, composed of the following raw materials in the indicated weight percentages: 2.5% high free calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker (Example 2), 0.5% amorphous calcium aluminate, 28% gypsum (desulfurized gypsum-based building gypsum), 29.72% S95 grade granulated blast furnace slag powder, 26% lightweight aggregate (perlite), 8% microspheres, 3% silica fume, 0.2% water-reducing agent, 1.5% redispersible latex powder, 0.08% water-retaining thickener (0.02% starch ether, 0.06% hydroxyethyl cellulose), 0.3% waterproofing agent, and 0.2% retarder (0.1% citric acid, 0.1% sodium neogluconate).

[0170] The preparation method of high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar includes the following steps:

[0171] After mixing all the raw materials of the above-mentioned high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, water is added and mixed. The water-material ratio is 0.42 to obtain the high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar.

[0172] Example 19

[0173] This embodiment provides a high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, composed of the following raw materials by weight percentage: 8.24% high free calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker (Example 3), 1% amorphous calcium aluminate, 20% gypsum (desulfurized gypsum-based building gypsum), 23% S95 grade granulated blast furnace slag powder, 31% lightweight aggregate (17% perlite, 14% vitrified microspheres), 4% sand (2% river sand, 2% dry-mixed sand), 8% microspheres, 2.5% silica fume, 0.21% water-reducing agent, 1.5% redispersible latex powder, 0.08% water-retaining thickener (0.03% starch ether, 0.05% hydroxyethyl cellulose), 0.2% waterproofing agent, and 0.27% retarder (0.15% gypsum retarder, 0.12% sodium nitroprusside).

[0174] The preparation method of high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar includes the following steps:

[0175] After mixing all the raw materials of the above-mentioned high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, water is added and mixed, with a water-to-material ratio of 0.40, to obtain the high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar.

[0176] Example 20

[0177] This embodiment provides a high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, composed of the following raw materials in the indicated weight percentages: 2.79% high free calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker (Example 3), 0.31% amorphous calcium aluminate, 28% gypsum (desulfurized gypsum-based building gypsum), 19.72% S95 grade granulated blast furnace slag powder, 27% lightweight aggregate (17% perlite, 10% vitrified microspheres), 20% sand (10% river sand, 10% dry-mixed sand), 0.1% water-reducing agent, 1.5% redispersible latex powder, 0.08% water-retaining thickener (0.02% starch ether, 0.06% hydroxyethyl cellulose), 0.2% waterproofing agent, and 0.3% retarder (0.15% sodium citrate, 0.15% sodium neogluconate).

[0178] The preparation method of high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar includes the following steps:

[0179] After mixing all the raw materials of the above-mentioned high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, water is added and mixed. The water-material ratio is 0.38 to obtain the high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar.

[0180] Example 21

[0181] This embodiment provides a high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, composed of the following raw materials by weight percentage: 9.24% high free calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker (Example 3), 20% gypsum (desulfurized gypsum-based building gypsum), 23% S95 grade granulated blast furnace slag powder, 31% lightweight aggregate (17% perlite, 14% vitrified microspheres), 4% sand (2% river sand, 2% dry-mixed sand), 10% microspheres, 2.2% silica fume, 0.21% water-reducing agent, 0.08% water-retaining and thickening agent (0.03% starch ether, 0.05% hydroxyethyl cellulose), and 0.27% retarder (0.15% gypsum retarder, 0.12% sodium neogluconate).

[0182] The preparation method of high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar includes the following steps:

[0183] After mixing all the raw materials of the above-mentioned high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, water is added and mixed, with a water-to-material ratio of 0.40, to obtain the high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar.

[0184] Example 22

[0185] This embodiment provides a high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, composed of the following raw materials by weight percentage: 5.4% high free calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker (Example 3), 0.6% amorphous calcium aluminate, 38% gypsum (desulfurized gypsum-based building gypsum), 9.42% S95 grade granulated blast furnace slag powder, 34% lightweight aggregate (perlite), 10% microspheres, 0.3% silica fume, 0.2% water-reducing agent, 0.02% air-entraining agent, 1.5% redispersible latex powder, 0.13% water-retaining thickener (0.03% starch ether, 0.1% methylcellulose), 0.2% waterproofing agent, and 0.23% retarder (0.1% citric acid, 0.13% sodium neogluconate).

[0186] The preparation method of high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar includes the following steps:

[0187] After mixing all the raw materials of the above-mentioned high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, water is added and mixed, with a water-to-material ratio of 0.40, to obtain the high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar.

[0188] Example 23

[0189] This embodiment provides a high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, composed of the following raw materials in the indicated weight percentages: 5.4% high free calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker (Example 3), 0.6% amorphous calcium aluminate, 45% gypsum (desulfurized gypsum-based building gypsum), 18.7% S95 grade granulated blast furnace slag powder, 28% lightweight aggregate (perlite), 0.3% water-reducing agent, 0.02% air-entraining agent, 1.5% redispersible latex powder, 0.08% water-retaining thickener (0.03% starch ether, 0.05% hydroxyethyl cellulose), 0.2% waterproofing agent, and 0.2% retarder (citric acid).

[0190] The preparation method of high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar includes the following steps:

[0191] After mixing all the raw materials of the above-mentioned high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, water is added and mixed, with a water-to-material ratio of 0.40, to obtain the high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar.

[0192] Example 24

[0193] This embodiment provides a high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, composed of the following raw materials by weight percentage: 8.28% high free calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker (Example 3), 0.92% amorphous calcium aluminate, 20% gypsum (desulfurized gypsum-based building gypsum), 25.42% S95 grade granulated blast furnace slag powder, 28% lightweight aggregate (15% perlite, 13% vitrified microspheres), 5% sand (2.5% river sand, 2.5% dry-mixed sand), 8% microspheres, 0.24% water-reducing agent, 3.5% redispersible latex powder, 0.08% water-retaining thickener (0.03% starch ether, 0.05% hydroxyethyl cellulose), 0.3% waterproofing agent, and 0.26% retarder (0.1% sodium citrate, 0.15% neogluconate, 0.01% zinc carbonate).

[0194] The preparation method of high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar includes the following steps:

[0195] After mixing all the raw materials of the above-mentioned high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, water is added and mixed. The water-material ratio is 0.41 to obtain the high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar.

[0196] Example 25

[0197] This embodiment provides a high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, composed of the following raw materials by weight percentage: 5.4% high free calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker (Example 3), 0.6% amorphous calcium aluminate, 50% gypsum (desulfurized gypsum-based building gypsum), 19.51% S95 grade granulated blast furnace slag powder, 12% lightweight aggregate (perlite), 12% sand (6% river sand, 6% dry-mixed sand), 0.18% water-reducing agent, 0.11% water-retaining and thickening agent (0.03% starch ether, 0.08% hydroxyethyl cellulose), and 0.2% retarder (0.1% citric acid, 0.1% sodium neogluconate).

[0198] The preparation method of high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar includes the following steps:

[0199] After mixing all the raw materials of the above-mentioned high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, water is added and mixed. The water-material ratio is 0.33 to obtain the high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar.

[0200] Example 26

[0201] This embodiment provides a high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, composed of the following raw materials in the indicated weight percentages: 5.4% high free calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker (Example 4), 0.6% amorphous calcium aluminate, 50% gypsum (hard gypsum), 16.71% S75 grade granulated blast furnace slag powder, 14% lightweight aggregate (perlite), 12% sand (6% river sand, 6% dry-mixed sand), 0.06% water-reducing agent, 1% redispersible latex powder, 0.07% water-retaining thickener (0.03% starch ether, 0.04% hydroxyethyl cellulose), 0.1% waterproofing agent, and 0.06% retarder (0.02% citric acid, 0.04% sodium neogluconate).

[0202] The preparation method of high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar includes the following steps:

[0203] After mixing all the raw materials of the above-mentioned high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, water is added and mixed. The water-material ratio is 0.32 to obtain the high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar.

[0204] Example 27

[0205] This embodiment provides a high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, composed of the following raw materials in the indicated weight percentages: 5.4% high-free-calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker (Example 4), 0.6% amorphous calcium aluminate, 50% gypsum (α-high-strength gypsum), 17.61% S95 grade granulated blast furnace slag powder, 14% lightweight aggregate (perlite), 12% sand (6% river sand, 6% dry-mixed sand), 0.08% water-reducing agent, 0.11% water-retaining and thickening agent (0.03% starch ether, 0.08% hydroxyethyl cellulose), and 0.2% retarder (0.1% citric acid, 0.1% sodium neogluconate).

[0206] The preparation method of high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar includes the following steps:

[0207] After mixing all the raw materials of the above-mentioned high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, water is added and mixed. The water-material ratio is 0.33 to obtain the high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar.

[0208] Example 28

[0209] This embodiment provides a high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, composed of the following raw materials by weight percentage: 5.4% high free calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker (Example 4), 0.6% amorphous calcium aluminate, 50% gypsum (desulfurized gypsum), 17.04% S95 grade granulated blast furnace slag powder, 14% lightweight aggregate (perlite), 12% sand (6% river sand, 6% dry-mixed sand), 0.15% water-reducing agent, 0.5% redispersible latex powder, 0.07% water-retaining thickener (0.03% starch ether, 0.04% hydroxyethyl cellulose), and 0.24% retarder (0.12% citric acid, 0.12% sodium neogluconate).

[0210] The preparation method of high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar includes the following steps:

[0211] After mixing all the raw materials of the above-mentioned high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, water is added and mixed. The water-material ratio is 0.33 to obtain the high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar.

[0212] Example 29

[0213] This embodiment provides a high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, composed of the following raw materials in the indicated weight percentages: 5.4% high free calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker (Example 4), 0.6% amorphous calcium aluminate, 50% gypsum (wet desulfurized gypsum), 15.5% S95 grade granulated blast furnace slag powder, 14% lightweight aggregate (7% perlite, 7% vitrified microspheres), 12% sand (6% river sand, 6% dry mixed sand), 0.15% water-reducing agent, 2% redispersible latex powder, 0.07% water-retaining thickener (0.03% starch ether, 0.04% hydroxyethyl cellulose), 0.2% waterproofing agent, and 0.08% retarder (0.04% citric acid, 0.04% sodium neogluconate).

[0214] The preparation method of high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar includes the following steps:

[0215] After mixing all the raw materials of the above-mentioned high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, water is added and mixed. The water-material ratio is 0.33 to obtain the high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar.

[0216] Example 30

[0217] This embodiment provides a high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, composed of the following raw materials in the indicated weight percentages: 5.4% high free calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker (Example 4), 0.6% amorphous calcium aluminate, 50% gypsum (phosphogypsum), 16.53% S95 grade granulated blast furnace slag powder, 14% lightweight aggregate (10% perlite, 4% vitrified microspheres), 12% sand (6% river sand, 6% dry-mixed sand), 0.15% water-reducing agent, 1% redispersible latex powder, 0.07% water-retaining thickener (0.03% starch ether, 0.04% hydroxyethyl cellulose), 0.1% waterproofing agent, and 0.15% retarder (0.05% citric acid, 0.05% sodium citrate, 0.05% sodium neogluconate).

[0218] The preparation method of high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar includes the following steps:

[0219] After mixing all the raw materials of the above-mentioned high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, water is added and mixed, with a water-to-material ratio of 0.35, to obtain the high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar.

[0220] Example 31

[0221] This embodiment provides a high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, composed of the following raw materials by weight percentage: 5.4% high free calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker (Example 4), 0.6% amorphous calcium aluminate, 50% gypsum (fluorogypsum), 15.91% S95 grade granulated blast furnace slag powder, 14% lightweight aggregate (perlite), 12% sand (6% river sand, 6% dry-mixed sand), 0.2% water-reducing agent, 1.5% redispersible latex powder, 0.07% water-retaining thickener (0.03% starch ether, 0.04% hydroxyethyl cellulose), 0.2% waterproofing agent, and 0.12% retarder (0.1% citric acid, 0.02% sodium neogluconate).

[0222] The preparation method of high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar includes the following steps:

[0223] After mixing all the raw materials of the above-mentioned high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, water is added and mixed. The water-material ratio is 0.33 to obtain the high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar.

[0224] Comparative Example 1

[0225] This comparative example provides a cement-based plastering spray mortar, which is composed of the following raw materials in weight percentage: 19% ordinary Portland cement of grade PO42.5, 5.3% fly ash, 75.06% river sand, 0.21% water-reducing agent, 0.11% air-entraining agent and 0.32% hydroxyethyl cellulose.

[0226] The preparation method of cement-based plastering spray mortar includes the following steps:

[0227] After mixing the raw materials of the above-mentioned cement-based plastering spray mortar, water is added and mixed. The water-to-material ratio is 0.45 to obtain the cement-based plastering spray mortar.

[0228] Comparative Example 2

[0229] This comparative example provides a gypsum-based plastering spray mortar, which is composed of the following raw materials in weight percentage: 45% desulfurized gypsum-based building gypsum, 23.22% limestone powder, 28% perlite, 0.12% water-reducing agent, 0.3% waterproofing agent, 0.06% starch ether, 0.1% hydroxyethyl cellulose, 0.2% citric acid, and 3% adhesive powder.

[0230] The preparation method of gypsum-based plastering spray mortar includes the following steps:

[0231] After mixing all the raw materials of the above-mentioned gypsum-based plastering spray mortar, water is added and mixed, with a water-to-material ratio of 0.40, to obtain the gypsum-based plastering spray mortar.

[0232] After curing the gypsum-based plaster spray mortar in this comparative example for 28 days, an electron microscope scanning test was performed. The test results are as follows: Figure 3 As shown.

[0233] Comparative Example 3

[0234] This comparative example provides a gypsum-based plastering spray mortar, composed of the following raw materials in weight percentage (similar to Example 5, but with different mineral content in the clinker): 3.1% high-belite sulfoaluminate cement clinker, 28% gypsum (desulfurized gypsum-based building gypsum), 20.4% S95 grade granulated blast furnace slag powder, 8% lightweight aggregate (perlite), 40% sand (20% river sand, 20% dry-mixed sand), 0.08% water-reducing agent, 0.12% water-retaining and thickening agent (0.04% starch ether, 0.08% hydroxyethyl cellulose), and 0.3% retarder (0.15% sodium citrate, 0.15% neogluconate). The high-belite sulfoaluminate cement clinker includes the following mineral components in weight percentage: 28% anhydrous calcium sulfoaluminate, 16% free calcium sulfate, 3% free calcium oxide, 45% belite, 6% iron phase, and 2% mixed mineral components.

[0235] The preparation method of gypsum-based plastering spray mortar includes the following steps:

[0236] After mixing all the raw materials of the above-mentioned gypsum-based plastering spray mortar, water is added and mixed, with a water-to-material ratio of 0.25, to obtain the gypsum-based plastering spray mortar.

[0237] Verification test

[0238] The performance of the mortars provided in Examples 5-31 and Comparative Examples 1-3 was tested, and the test results are shown in Tables 1-2.

[0239] The test methods, specifications, and product standards adopted are as follows: the volume density and water retention rate tests are performed in accordance with the national standard GB / T28627-2023 "Plastering Gypsum"; the dry strength test is performed in accordance with the national standard GB / T 17669.3-1999 "Determination of Mechanical Properties of Building Gypsum"; the wet strength test is performed in accordance with GB / T 17671-2021 "Test Method for Strength of Cement Mortar (ISO Method)"; and the shrinkage rate, tensile bond strength, and frost resistance tests are performed in accordance with the industry standard JGJ / T70-2009 "Standard for Test Methods of Basic Performance of Building Mortar".

[0240] Table 1. Performance test results of mortars in the examples and comparative examples.

[0241]

[0242] Table 2 Performance test results of mortars in the examples and comparative examples

[0243]

[0244] As can be seen from the table, the 28-day dry compressive strength of the high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar in Examples 5-31 of this invention is as high as 13.5 MPa to 35.9 MPa, and the 28-day wet compressive strength is as high as 15.3 MPa to 39.1 MPa. The ratio of 28-day wet strength to dry strength is over 100%. In contrast, the 28-day dry and wet compressive strengths of the cement-based mortar in Comparative Example 1 are only 11.9 MPa and 12.2 MPa, respectively. Considering that the bulk density of the cement-based mortar is about twice that of the high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, the compressive strength of Comparative Example 1 is far lower than that of the examples. The raw materials and proportions of the gypsum-based mortar in Comparative Example 2 are similar to those in Example 23. The perlite content and water-cement ratio are consistent in both Comparative Example 2 and Example 23 (besides cementitious materials, the most important factors affecting strength are the perlite content and water-cement ratio). With the same amount of gypsum, this invention significantly improves the strength and water resistance of the mortar by adding appropriate amounts of high-free-calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker and granulated blast furnace slag powder. The 28-day dry strength of Comparative Example 2 is 4.5 MPa, while that of Example 23 is 13.8 MPa; the 28-day wet strength of Comparative Example 2 is 2.2 MPa (the strength decreases several times after wet curing), while that of Example 23 is 15.6 MPa; the ratio of 28-day wet strength to dry strength in Comparative Example 2 is 48.9%, while that in Example 23 is as high as 113%. The raw material ratios of Comparative Example 3 and Example 5 are the same, but the clinker used is different. By using clinker with optimized mineral components, the mechanical properties of the mortar in this invention are significantly improved. The 28-day dry strength of Comparative Example 3 is 16.3 MPa, while that of Example 5 is 26.9 MPa; the 28-day wet strength of Comparative Example 3 is 15.7 MPa, while that of Example 5 is 29.4 MPa; the ratio of 28-day wet strength to dry strength is 96% for Comparative Example 3, and as high as 109% for Example 5. These data and comparisons demonstrate that the high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar of this invention has high strength and excellent water resistance. The compressive strength after 28 days of standard underwater curing is greater than that after 28 days of standard dry air curing.

[0245] The 28-day shrinkage rate of the high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant sprayed plastering mortar in Examples 5-31 of this invention is only 0.023%~0.098%, while the 28-day shrinkage rate of the cement-based mortar in Comparative Example 1 is as high as 0.21%, which is more than 10 times that of the high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant sprayed plastering mortar. The above data and comparisons demonstrate that the high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant sprayed plastering mortar of this invention has superior crack resistance compared to cement mortar.

[0246] The 28-day tensile bond strength of the high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant sprayed plaster mortar in Examples 5-31 of this invention is 0.66 MPa to 1.26 MPa; while the 28-day tensile bond strength of the mortars in Comparative Examples 1-3 is only 0.37 MPa, 0.26 MPa, and 0.68 MPa, respectively. These data and comparisons demonstrate that the high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant sprayed plaster mortar of this invention has a significant advantage in terms of bond strength with the substrate.

[0247] In Examples 5-31 of this invention, the high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar exhibited a strength loss rate of only 9.69%-23.75% and a mass loss rate of only 2.10%-3.96% after 75 freeze-thaw cycles. In contrast, the cement mortar of Comparative Example 1 showed a strength loss rate of 24.5% and a mass loss rate of 4.61% after 50 freeze-thaw cycles, and the cement mortar of Comparative Example 3 showed a strength loss rate of 22.15% and a mass loss rate of 4.36% after 50 freeze-thaw cycles. Despite the cement-based mortar having a much higher bulk density than the high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, the frost resistance of Comparative Examples 1 and 3 was inferior to that of the Examples. The gypsum-based mortar of Comparative Example 2 completely pulverized and lost all strength after 5 freeze-thaw cycles, further verifying the poor frost resistance of traditional gypsum-based mortar.

[0248] In summary, the high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar provided by this invention has superior performance compared to cement-based mortar and gypsum-based mortar. It can be widely used for interior and exterior wall plastering spraying in buildings, and is especially suitable for cold, rainy, or high-performance areas. Moreover, it is cheaper and has broad prospects.

[0249] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, characterized in that, The raw materials include the following percentages by weight: high free calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker 2.5%~9.3%, gypsum 20%~50%, granulated blast furnace slag powder 9.4%~56.5%, and lightweight aggregate 8%~34%; The high-free-calcium belite sulfoaluminate clinker comprises the following mineral components by mass percentage: anhydrous calcium sulfoaluminate 25.31%~33.27%, free calcium sulfate 6.55%~12.26%, free calcium oxide 14.82%~19.71%, belite 27.27%~33.87%, and iron phase 3.04%~6.08%; The high free calcium berit sulfoaluminate clinker comprises the following oxides in mass percentage: SiO2 9.5%~11.8%, Al2O3 14%~18%, CaO 55%~58%, SO3 8%~11% and Fe2O3 1%~2%.

2. The high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the high free calcium berite sulfoaluminate clinker includes the following steps: Limestone, bauxite and gypsum are mixed and ground to obtain raw material; The raw material is calcined at 1200℃~1300℃ to obtain high free calcium berite sulfoaluminate clinker.

3. The high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The chemical components in the raw meal satisfy the following: ([CaO]-1.87×[SiO2]-1.05×[Fe2O3]-0.7×[TiO2]-0.55×[Al2O3]-0.7×[SO3]) / (100%-α)= 14.82%~19.71% (1.7×[SO3]-0.45×[Al2O3]+0.28×[Fe2O3]) / (100%-α)=6.55%~12.26% In the formula, α is the loss on ignition of the raw meal.

4. The high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The lightweight aggregate includes at least one of perlite or vitrified microspheres.

5. The high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar also includes the following raw materials in weight percentage: 0-1% amorphous calcium aluminate.

6. The high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The amorphous content of the amorphous calcium aluminate is ≥99.0%, and the specific surface area is ≥500 m². 2 / kg.

7. The high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar also includes the following raw materials in the following weight percentages: microspheres 0-10%, silica fume 0-3.5%, mineral admixtures 0-37%, sand 0-40%, water-reducing agent 0-0.3%, air-entraining agent 0-0.02%, redispersible latex powder 0-3.5%, water-retaining thickener 0-0.13%, retarder 0-0.31%, waterproofing agent 0-0.3%, and pigment 0-6%.

8. The high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The mineral admixture includes at least one of fly ash, limestone powder, steel slag powder, or dolomite powder. The sand includes at least one of river sand, quartz sand, or manufactured sand; The water-reducing agent includes at least one of polycarboxylate water-reducing agent, melamine water-reducing agent, melamine-based high-efficiency water-reducing agent, lignin water-reducing agent or naphthalene-based water-reducing agent; The air-entraining agent includes at least one of rosin resin-based air-entraining agents, nonionic surfactant-based air-entraining agents, alkylbenzene sulfonate-based air-entraining agents, lignin sulfonate-based air-entraining agents, or carboxylic acid-based air-entraining agents; The redispersible latex powder includes at least one of acrylic polymer powder, vinyl acetate polymer powder, vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer powder, styrene-acrylate copolymer powder, butadiene-styrene copolymer powder, or ethylene-vinyl chloride copolymer powder. The water-retaining and thickening agent includes at least one of methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, starch ether, or hydroxyethyl methylcellulose; The retarder includes at least one of citric acid, sodium citrate, sodium gluconate, zinc carbonate, tartaric acid, or gypsum retarder; The waterproofing agent includes at least one of stearate water-repellent agent, paraffin emulsion water-repellent agent, or organosilicon penetrating crystalline waterproofing agent; The pigments include at least one of titanium dioxide, ultramarine, iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow, iron oxide black, chromium oxide green, cobalt blue, manganese oxide, chromium oxide, ochre, mica, or Prussian red.

9. The high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The compressive strength of the high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar after 28 days of standard underwater curing is 15.3 MPa to 39.1 MPa. The 28-day standard underwater curing strength of the high-strength, water-resistant, and freeze-resistant plastering spray mortar is greater than the 28-day standard dry curing strength. The high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar has a frost resistance rating of F75 or higher.

10. The method for preparing the high-strength, water-resistant, and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: After mixing all the raw materials of high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar, water is added and mixed. The water-material ratio is 0.25~0.46 to obtain high-strength water-resistant and frost-resistant plastering spray mortar.

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