A testing device for deformation of tunnel pipe roof support

Abstract

This invention discloses a testing device for the deformation of tunnel pipe roof support, specifically relating to the field of pipe roof support technology. The key technical points are: a load-bearing base plate, a test cover fixedly installed on the top surface of the base plate, a filling hole on the top surface of the test cover, and pipe roof support installed on the top surface of the base plate; and a testing assembly disposed inside the filling hole for deformation testing of the pipe roof support. Through the coordinated use of the load-bearing base plate, test cover, filling hole, feeding frame, detection plate, earth pressure cell, and pipe roof support, the pipe roof support can be placed inside the test cover. Simultaneously, soil and rocks are placed inside the test cover to simulate the geological conditions requiring support. Then, the earth pressure cell measures the pressure exerted by the soil and rocks inside the test cover, facilitating pressure testing of the pipe roof support and accurately determining the stress characteristics of the pipe roof structure under burial conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pipe roof support technology, and more specifically to a testing device for deformation of tunnel pipe roof support. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnel pipe roof support is an advanced pre-support technology used in weak surrounding rock or complex geological conditions. It involves driving steel pipes or steel profiles (called "pipe roofs") into the surrounding rock before tunnel excavation to form a roof-like support system, thereby improving the self-stabilizing capacity of the surrounding rock, controlling surface settlement, and ensuring construction safety.

[0003] In the existing technology system, pipe roof support, as a temporary pre-support system before tunnel excavation, mainly balances the stress of the surrounding rock and controls the deformation of the strata through the canopy structure formed by the steel pipe group. However, in actual engineering applications, it has been found that when the pipe roof support is subjected to complex and variable surrounding rock pressure, its steel pipe structure is prone to elastic and plastic deformation. This deformation has significant time-dependent characteristics and cumulative effects. Traditional detection methods (such as inclinometers and total stations) mostly adopt a post-monitoring mode, which can usually only capture the macroscopic displacement that has occurred in the support structure. When the monitoring data shows obvious tilting or sudden displacement, it often indicates that the pipe roof system is in a critical load-bearing state. At this time, the mechanical balance between the surrounding rock and the support system is on the verge of instability, and there is a major safety hazard of sudden collapse. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a testing device for tunnel pipe roof support deformation, thereby solving the problems mentioned in the background section.

[0005] The above-mentioned technical objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] A testing device for testing the deformation of tunnel pipe roof support includes a load-bearing base plate, a test cover fixedly installed on the top surface of the load-bearing base plate, a filling hole on the top surface of the test cover, and a pipe roof support provided on the top surface of the load-bearing base plate; a testing assembly disposed inside the filling hole for testing the deformation of the pipe roof support, the testing assembly including: a feeding frame fixedly fitted inside the filling hole; a detection plate fixedly installed inside the test cover; an earth pressure cell fixedly installed on the top surface of the detection plate; the detection plate and the earth pressure cell being located on top of the pipe roof support for measuring the contact pressure between the pipe roof support and the soil; an installation plate on one side of the test cover; a lifting column on one side of the installation plate; a compaction plate fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the lifting column; an adjustment plate on one side of the compaction plate; a pressure application assembly for compacting the soil on one side of the installation plate; and a displacement assembly for adjusting the position of the installation plate on one side of the test cover.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution and using the soil pressure cell, when the staff tests the pipe roof support, the pipe roof support to be tested is first horizontally fixed to the upper surface of the load-bearing base plate and completely contained in the cavity of the test cover with an open top. The staff puts mixed soil and rock medium into the feeding channel formed by the filling holes through the feeding frame, so that the inside of the test cover forms a simulated stratum environment covering the pipe roof support. The specially set detection plate and the embedded soil pressure cell constitute a composite sensing system. The soil pressure cell is embedded between the pipe roof support and the filling medium in a layered layout, which can capture the contact pressure value under different dense loading conditions in real time. By loading the soil and rock medium in stages, the stress characteristics of the pipe roof structure under the buried state can be accurately measured.

[0008] Preferably, the pressure-applying assembly includes: a rotating disk disposed on one side of the mounting plate; a rotating column movably sleeved inside the rotating disk; a force-bearing column and a rotating column fixedly installed on one side of the rotating disk; two pushing columns fixedly installed on the outer circular wall of the rotating column; a linkage column disposed on one side of the rotating disk, the linkage column being movably sleeved with the rotating column; a fixing ring fixedly sleeved on the outer circular wall of the lifting column; a connecting plate fixedly installed on the top surface of the lifting column; a movable hole opened on one side of the connecting plate; and a movable column fixedly installed inside the linkage column, the movable column being movably sleeved with the movable hole. A spring is movably sleeved on the outer circular wall of the lifting column. The bottom of the spring is fixedly installed with the fixing ring. A support platform and a limiting platform are fixedly installed on one side of the mounting plate. The lifting column is movably sleeved with the support platform and the limiting platform respectively. The spring is located between the support platform and the limiting platform. The top of the spring is fixedly installed with the bottom surface of the support platform. A rotating hole is opened on one side of the mounting plate. The rotating column is movably sleeved with the rotating hole. A mounting frame is fixedly installed on the other side of the mounting plate. A drive motor is fixedly sleeved inside the mounting frame. The drive shaft of the drive motor is fixedly installed with the rotating column.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the rotating column is driven by the drive motor to rotate around the central axis of the rotating disk. The movable column remains stationary, and the rotating column drives the push column to rotate synchronously. When the push column moves to contact the force-bearing column, the rotational motion of the push column is converted into a radial thrust on the force-bearing column, driving the force-bearing column to slide along the track of the rotating disk, and causing the rotating column and the rotating disk as a whole to revolve around the axis of the rotating column. When the force-bearing column and the rotating column revolve above the rotating column and exceed 180°, the push column and the force-bearing column disengage. At this time, the compressed spring releases its stored energy, and pushes the movable column and the linkage column to quickly reset through the fixed ring, the lifting column and the connecting plate. At the same time, it drives the rotating disk to accelerate and rotate in the opposite direction, so that the compaction plate strikes at high speed under the dual action of gravity and spring reset force, forming a periodic impact compaction of the soil inside the test chamber.

[0010] Preferably, the displacement assembly includes: a fixed frame, which is fixedly installed on one side of the test cover; a slide is slidably connected inside the fixed frame; a lead screw is provided inside the fixed frame; a threaded hole is opened on the top surface of the slide, and the threaded hole is threadedly connected to the lead screw; support holes are respectively opened on the top and bottom surfaces inside the fixed frame, and the lead screw is movably sleeved with the support holes; two limiting posts are fixedly installed inside the fixed frame; two limiting holes are opened on the top surface of the slide, and the limiting holes are movably sleeved with the limiting posts; and the slide is fixedly installed on the mounting plate.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, through the set slide, the staff can rotate the screw, which can then move the slide up and down along the screw. The slide will then drive the mounting plate to move, thereby facilitating the adjustment of the position of the mounting plate, so as to raise or lower the position of the compaction plate, making the initial position of the compaction plate closer to the soil inside the test cover.

[0012] Preferably, the top surface of the compaction plate has a reserved hole, and the two sides of the compaction plate have adjustment holes respectively. The adjustment holes are connected to the reserved hole. Adjustment rods are fixedly installed on both sides of the adjustment plate. The adjustment rods are movably connected to the adjustment holes. The outer circular wall surface of the adjustment rod is threaded, and a nut is threaded onto the outer circular wall surface of the adjustment rod.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the adjustable compaction mode is achieved through the linkage design of the adjusting rod and the adjusting plate. During operation, the operator drives the adjusting rod to rotate synchronously by rotating the adjusting plate, causing the front end of the adjusting plate to tilt upwards around the hinge point, forming a combined tilt angle with the compaction plate. Then, the adjusting plate is axially locked by tightening the nut to ensure the stability of the adjusted posture. When the lifting column drives the compaction plate and the adjusting plate to act on the soil together, the compaction plate achieves high-strength compaction by impacting the soil vertically with a plane, while the adjusting plate generates dispersed impact due to the tilt angle, forming a low-strength compaction area. Thus, geological conditions with different compaction levels are simulated in a single operation.

[0014] Preferably, a lower stone platform is fixedly installed on one side of the load-bearing base plate, and a material discharge trough is opened on the top surface of the lower stone platform. Two support plates are fixedly installed on the top surface of the lower stone platform. A transmission column and a rotating rod are movably sleeved between the two support plates. A blocking plate is fixedly installed on the outer circular wall of the rotating rod. A second bevel gear is fixedly installed at one end of the transmission column, and an incomplete gear is fixedly installed at the other end of the transmission column. A first gear is fixedly installed at one end of the rotating rod, and the first gear meshes with the incomplete gear.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, a feeding trough is set up. Rock blocks are placed inside the feeding trough, and then a rotating transmission column drives an incomplete gear to rotate. Since only half of the teeth are on the outside of the incomplete gear, when the incomplete gear rotates, it drives the first gear to rotate. In turn, the first gear drives the rotating rod and the baffle plate to rotate. Subsequently, the baffle plate moves away from the inside of the feeding trough, releasing the obstruction of the rock blocks in the feeding trough. The rock blocks then fall into the inside of the test chamber. When half of the teeth of the incomplete gear rotates away from the first gear, the meshing between the incomplete gear and the first gear is disengaged. Then, under its own weight, the baffle plate rotates back to its original position and blocks the inside of the feeding trough again. This process is repeated, allowing the rock blocks inside the feeding trough to fall intermittently into the inside of the test chamber. This avoids uneven rock layer thickness caused by excessive single-time feeding, and also avoids excessive local pressure caused by concentrated rock accumulation, which could lead to soil collapse or abnormal density inside the test chamber, thus ensuring the safety of the test.

[0016] Preferably, a lower platform is fixedly installed on the other side of the load-bearing base plate, and a sloping groove is formed on the top surface of the lower platform. Several partition plates are fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the sloping groove.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, and through the setting of the partition plate, the staff allows the soil to enter the interior of the test chamber through the inclined groove. The partition plate facilitates the dispersion of the soil into the interior of the test chamber.

[0018] Preferably, a diversion pipe is fixedly installed on the top surface of the test cover. The outer circular wall of the diversion pipe has several water outlet holes. A water spray pipe is fixedly sleeved on the inner circular wall of the water outlet holes. A water spray head is fixedly sleeved on the inner circular wall of the water spray pipe. A water inlet pipe is fixedly sleeved on the inner circular wall of the diversion pipe. Several water inlet holes are opened on one side of the feeding frame. The water inlet holes are fixedly sleeved with the water spray head.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, water is injected into the distribution pipe through the water inlet pipe via the water nozzle, and then the water is sprayed out through the water nozzle and water spray pipe, which facilitates the wetting of the soil inside the test cover in order to simulate geological regulation with high humidity.

[0020] Preferably, a first sprocket is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the lead screw, a stabilizing hole is formed on the top surface of the fixed frame, a bearing is fixedly sleeved on the inner circular wall of the stabilizing hole, a rotating cylinder is fixedly sleeved on the inner circular wall of the bearing inner ring, a second sprocket is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the rotating cylinder, a chain is externally meshed between the first sprocket and the second sprocket, a first bevel gear is provided on the bottom surface of the rotating cylinder, the second bevel gear meshes with the first bevel gear, an adjusting column is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the first bevel gear, the adjusting column is movably sleeved with the rotating cylinder, two locking holes are formed on the outer circular wall of the rotating cylinder, an operating ring is movably sleeved on the outer circular wall of the rotating cylinder, a locking post is fixedly mounted on the inner circular wall of the operating ring, the locking post is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the adjusting post, and the locking post is movably locked with the two locking holes, a fixing frame is fixedly mounted on one side of the support plate, a stepper motor is fixedly mounted inside the fixing frame, and the drive shaft of the stepper motor is fixedly mounted with the incomplete gear.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, through the set transmission column, the operator uses a stepper motor. The rotation of the stepper motor's drive shaft drives the incomplete gear and transmission column to rotate, which in turn drives the second bevel gear to rotate. The second bevel gear then meshes with and drives the first bevel gear, adjusting column, locking column, and rotating cylinder to rotate. The rotation of the rotating cylinder drives the second sprocket to rotate, which in turn drives the first sprocket to rotate via a chain. The rotation of the first sprocket drives the lead screw to rotate. Then, as the slide table raises the mounting plate and compaction plate, the rotating rod and blocking plate also rotate synchronously. Therefore, the raising of the mounting plate and compaction plate is simultaneous... Rock blocks can be fed into the test hood. When the mounting plate and compaction plate rise to the top, but rock blocks still need to be fed into the test hood, the upward movement of the operating ring drives the locking pin to slide inside the locking hole. Then, the operating ring and locking pin drive the adjusting pin and the first bevel gear to move upward, which can separate the first bevel gear from the second bevel gear. When the locking pin rises to the top surface inside the locking hole, the operating ring is rotated to drive the locking pin, adjusting pin and the first bevel gear to rotate, which can lock the locking pin into the transverse hole of the locking hole, thereby facilitating the disconnection of the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear, so that the blocking plate can move independently to continue intermittent feeding.

[0022] In summary, the present invention has the following main beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. By using the load-bearing base plate, test cover, filling hole, feeding frame, detection plate, earth pressure cell and pipe roof support in a coordinated manner, the pipe roof support can be placed inside the test cover. At the same time, soil and rock blocks are placed inside the test cover to simulate the geological conditions that require support. Then, through the earth pressure cell, the pressure caused by the soil and rock blocks inside the test cover can be measured, which facilitates the pressure test of the pipe roof support and allows for accurate determination of the stress characteristics of the pipe roof structure under buried conditions.

[0024] 2. By constructing an environment using a test hood and a feeding frame, soil and rock blocks are filled in layers through filling holes to accurately reproduce the surrounding rock load conditions of pipe roof support in actual engineering. Under simulated load, the deformation response and bearing capacity of the pipe roof support are tested, and its bending resistance, slip resistance and overall stability are evaluated to provide a basis for engineering design. The simulated test environment facilitates a high degree of simulation of the real working conditions of pipe roof support after tunnel excavation.

[0025] 3. Through multi-stage motion transmission of drive motor, rotating column, pushing column, force-bearing column and rotating column, the energy conversion of rotational motion into linear impact is realized. Through the linkage of the revolution of the rotating disk and the spring reset, the compaction plate is driven to reciprocate the soil at high frequency, which facilitates the compaction of the soil.

[0026] 4. By cooperating with the adjusting rod and nut, the tilt angle of the adjusting plate can be quantitatively adjusted and locked to generate two compaction zones: high strength (direct impact from the tamping plate) and low strength (tilted impact from the adjusting plate), simulating the non-uniformity of actual geology.

[0027] 5. The incomplete gear is driven to rotate periodically by the transmission column. Utilizing the intermittent meshing characteristics of its half-tooth structure with the first gear, the rotation of the transmission column drives the incomplete gear to rotate. Its half-tooth structure meshes with the first gear only within a specific angle range. During the meshing, the first gear drives the rotating rod to rotate the blocking plate around the axis, releasing the obstruction of the feeding chute. Rock blocks fall into the test hood. When the toothless section of the incomplete gear rotates to the position of the first gear, the meshing terminates, and the blocking plate resets under the action of gravity, re-closing the feeding chute. Through the periodic movement of the incomplete gear, the intermittent delivery of rock blocks is achieved, avoiding concentrated delivery that could lead to excessive accumulation of rock layers or imbalance of the soil structure inside the test hood.

[0028] 6. By connecting the water pipe to the water inlet pipe through the set water nozzle, water is injected into the inside of the branch pipe through the water inlet pipe. The water is then sprayed out through the water pipe and water nozzle, which facilitates the wetting of the soil inside the test cover in order to simulate geological conditions with high humidity. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the test cover structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the feeding frame structure of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the load-bearing base plate structure of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting plate structure of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the support platform structure of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the linkage column structure of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the fixed frame structure of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the rammed plate structure of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the lower stone platform structure of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the barrier plate structure of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating cylinder structure of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the lower platform structure of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the diversion tube structure of the present invention.

[0043] Attached reference numerals: 1. Load-bearing base plate; 2. Test cover; 3. Filler hole; 4. Feeding frame; 5. Detection plate; 6. Earth pressure box; 7. Pipe shed support; 8. Mounting plate; 9. Lifting column; 10. Compactor plate; 11. Adjusting plate; 12. Rotary disc; 13. Rotating column; 14. Linkage column; 15. Pushing column; 16. Force-bearing column; 17. Rotating column; 18. Fixing ring; 19. Connecting plate; 20. Movable hole; 21. Movable column; 22. Spring; 23. Support platform; 24. Limiting platform; 25. Rotating hole; 26. Mounting frame; 27. Drive motor; 28. Fixing frame; 29. ​​Slide table; 30. Lead screw; 31. Threaded hole; 32. Support hole; 33. Fixing frame; 34. Stepper motor; 35. Limiting... 36. Positioning hole; 37. Limiting post; 38. Adjusting hole; 39. Reserved hole; 40. Adjusting rod; 41. Nut; 42. Lower stone platform; 43. Support plate; 44. First sprocket; 45. Second sprocket; 46. Chain; 47. Rotating cylinder; 48. First bevel gear; 49. Transmission post; 50. Incomplete gear; 51. First gear; 52. Rotating rod; 53. Baffle plate; 54. Second bevel gear; 55. Discharge chute; 56. Lower soil platform; 57. Inclined chute; 58. Divider plate; 59. Water outlet; 60. Spray pipe; 61. Spray head; 62. Water inlet pipe; 63. Water inlet; 64. Stabilizing hole; 65. Adjusting post; 66. Locking hole; 67. Operating ring; 68. Locking post. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] Example: Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 13A testing device for testing the deformation of tunnel pipe roof support includes a load-bearing base plate 1, a test cover 2 fixedly installed on the top surface of the load-bearing base plate 1, a filling hole 3 opened on the top surface of the test cover 2, a pipe roof support 7 installed on the top surface of the load-bearing base plate 1, and a testing component installed inside the filling hole 3 for testing the deformation of the pipe roof support 7. The testing component includes a feeding frame 4, which is fixedly fitted inside the filling hole 3. A detection plate 5 is fixedly installed inside the test cover 2, and an earth pressure cell is fixedly installed on the top surface of the detection plate 5. 6. The detection plate 5 and the earth pressure box 6 are located on the top of the pipe roof support 7 and are used to measure the contact pressure between the pipe roof support 7 and the soil. The test cover 2 is provided with an installation plate 8 on one side, and a lifting column 9 is provided on one side of the installation plate 8. A compaction plate 10 is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the lifting column 9. An adjustment plate 11 is provided on one side of the compaction plate 10. A lower soil platform 55 is fixedly installed on the other side of the load-bearing base plate 1. An inclined groove 56 is opened on the top surface of the lower soil platform 55. Several partition plates 57 are fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the inclined groove 56.

[0046] When the staff tests the pipe roof support 7 using the soil pressure cell 6, the pipe roof support 7 to be tested is first horizontally fixed to the upper surface of the load-bearing base plate 1 and completely housed in the cavity of the test cover 2 with an open top. The staff then feeds mixed soil and rock medium into the feeding channel formed by the filling holes 3 through the feeding frame 4, so that the interior of the test cover 2 forms a simulated geological environment covering the pipe roof support 7 structure. The specially designed detection plate 5 and the embedded soil pressure cell 6 form a composite sensing system. The soil pressure cell 6 is embedded between the pipe roof support 7 and the filling medium in a layered layout, which can capture the contact pressure value under different dense loading conditions in real time. By loading the soil and rock medium in stages, the stress characteristics of the pipe roof structure under the buried state can be accurately measured.

[0047] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 9A compaction assembly for compacting soil is provided on one side of the mounting plate 8. The compaction assembly includes a rotating disk 12, which is located on one side of the mounting plate 8. A rotating column 13 is movably sleeved inside the rotating disk 12. A force-bearing column 16 and a rotating column 17 are fixedly installed on one side of the rotating disk 12. Two push columns 15 are fixedly installed on the outer circular wall of the rotating column 13. A linkage column 14 is provided on one side of the rotating disk 12, and the linkage column 14 is movably sleeved with the rotating column 17. A fixing ring 18 is fixedly sleeved on the outer circular wall of the lifting column 9. A connecting plate 19 is fixedly installed on the top surface of the lifting column 9. A movable hole 20 is opened on one side of the connecting plate 19. A movable column 21 is fixedly installed inside the linkage column 14. The column 21 is movably sleeved with the movable hole 20. The outer circular wall of the lifting column 9 is movably sleeved with a spring 22. The bottom of the spring 22 is fixedly installed with the fixed ring 18. A support platform 23 and a limiting platform 24 are fixedly installed on one side of the mounting plate 8. The lifting column 9 is movably sleeved with the support platform 23 and the limiting platform 24 respectively. The spring 22 is located between the support platform 23 and the limiting platform 24. The top of the spring 22 is fixedly installed with the bottom surface of the support platform 23. A rotating hole 25 is opened on one side of the mounting plate 8. The rotating column 13 is movably sleeved with the rotating hole 25. A mounting bracket 26 is fixedly installed on the other side of the mounting plate 8. A drive motor 27 is fixedly sleeved inside the mounting bracket 26. The drive shaft of the drive motor 27 is fixedly installed with the rotating column 13.

[0048] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 8 A displacement assembly for adjusting the position of the mounting plate 8 is provided on one side of the test cover 2. The displacement assembly includes a fixed frame 28, which is fixedly installed on one side of the test cover 2. A slide table 29 is slidably connected inside the fixed frame 28. A lead screw 30 is provided inside the fixed frame 28. A threaded hole 31 is opened on the top surface of the slide table 29, and the threaded hole 31 is threadedly connected to the lead screw 30. Support holes 32 are opened on the top and bottom surfaces of the fixed frame 28, and the lead screw 30 is movably sleeved with the support holes 32. Two limiting posts 36 are fixedly installed inside the fixed frame 28. Two limiting holes 35 are opened on the top surface of the slide table 29, and the limiting holes 35 are movably sleeved with the limiting posts 36. The slide table 29 is fixedly installed with the mounting plate 8.

[0049] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9The rotating column 13 is driven by the drive motor 27 to rotate around the central axis of the rotating disk 12. The movable column 21 remains stationary. The rotating column 13 drives the push column 15 to rotate synchronously. When the push column 15 rotates to contact the force-bearing column 16, the rotational motion of the push column 15 is converted into a radial thrust on the force-bearing column 16, driving the force-bearing column 16 to slide along the track of the rotating disk 12, and driving the rotating column 17 and the rotating disk 12 to revolve around the axis of the rotating column 13. When the force-bearing column 16 and the rotating column 17 revolve to above the rotating column 13 and exceed 180°, the push column 15 and the force-bearing column 16 disengage. At this time, the compression spring 22 releases its stored energy and pushes the movable column 21 and the linkage column 14 to quickly reset through the fixed ring 18, the lifting column 9 and the connecting plate 19. At the same time, it drives the rotating disk 12 to accelerate and rotate in the opposite direction, so that the compaction plate 10 strikes at high speed under the dual action of gravity and the reset force of the spring 22, forming a periodic impact compaction of the soil inside the test cover 2.

[0050] By rotating the lead screw 30, the operator can move the slide 29 up and down along the lead screw 30. The slide 29 will then move the mounting plate 8, which will facilitate the adjustment of the position of the mounting plate 8. This will allow the position of the compaction plate 10 to be raised or lowered, so that the initial position of the compaction plate 10 is closer to the soil inside the test cover 2.

[0051] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 9 The top surface of the compaction plate 10 is provided with a reserved hole 38, and the two sides of the compaction plate 10 are respectively provided with adjustment holes 37. The adjustment holes 37 are connected to the reserved hole 38. The two sides of the adjustment plate 11 are respectively fixedly installed with adjustment rods 39. The adjustment rods 39 are movably connected to the adjustment holes 37. The outer circular wall surface of the adjustment rods 39 is provided with threads, and the outer circular wall surface of the adjustment rods 39 is threaded with nuts 40.

[0052] The adjustable compaction mode is achieved through the linkage design of the adjustable rod 39 and the adjustable plate 11. During operation, the operator drives the adjustable rod 39 to rotate synchronously by rotating the adjustable plate 11, so that the front end of the adjustable plate 11 tilts upward around the hinge point, forming a combined tilt angle with the compaction plate 10. Then, the adjustable plate 11 is axially locked by tightening the nut 40 to ensure the stability of the adjusted posture. When the lifting column 9 drives the compaction plate 10 and the adjustable plate 11 to act on the soil together, the compaction plate 10 achieves high-strength compaction by impacting the soil vertically with a plane, while the adjustable plate 11 generates a dispersed impact due to the tilt angle, forming a low-strength compaction area, thus simulating the geological conditions of different compaction in a single operation.

[0053] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 8 , Figure 10 , Figure 11 and Figure 12 A lower stone platform 41 is fixedly installed on one side of the load-bearing base plate 1. A material discharge chute 54 is opened on the top surface of the lower stone platform 41. Two support plates 42 are fixedly installed on the top surface of the lower stone platform 41. A transmission column 48 and a rotating rod 51 are movably sleeved between the two support plates 42. A blocking plate 52 is fixedly installed on the outer circular wall of the rotating rod 51. A second bevel gear 53 is fixedly installed at one end of the transmission column 48. An incomplete gear 49 is fixedly installed at the other end of the transmission column 48. A first gear 50 is fixedly installed at one end of the rotating rod 51. The first gear 50 meshes with the incomplete gear 49.

[0054] A first sprocket 43 is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the lead screw 30. A stabilizing hole 64 is provided on the top surface of the fixed frame 28. A bearing is fixedly sleeved on the inner circular wall of the stabilizing hole 64. A rotating cylinder 46 is fixedly sleeved on the inner circular wall of the bearing inner ring. A second sprocket 44 is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the rotating cylinder 46. A chain 45 is externally meshed with the first sprocket 43 and the second sprocket 44. A first bevel gear 47 is provided on the bottom surface of the rotating cylinder 46. A second bevel gear 53 meshes with the first bevel gear 47. An adjusting column 6 is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the first bevel gear 47. 5. The adjusting column 65 is movably sleeved with the rotating cylinder 46. Two locking holes 66 are opened on the outer circular wall of the rotating cylinder 46. An operating ring 67 is movably sleeved on the outer circular wall of the rotating cylinder 46. A locking column 68 is fixedly installed on the inner circular wall of the operating ring 67. The locking column 68 is fixedly installed on the top surface of the adjusting column 65. The locking column 68 is movably locked with the two locking holes 66. A fixing frame 33 is fixedly installed on one side of the support plate 42. A stepper motor 34 is fixedly installed inside the fixing frame 33. The drive shaft of the stepper motor 34 is fixedly installed with the incomplete gear 49.

[0055] By placing rocks into the feed chute 54, the rotating transmission column 48 drives the incomplete gear 49 to rotate. Since the incomplete gear 49 only has half of its teeth on the outside, its rotation drives the first gear 50 to rotate. The first gear 50 then drives the rotating rod 51 and the blocking plate 52 to rotate. Subsequently, the blocking plate 52 moves away from the feed chute 54, releasing the obstruction of the rocks inside. The rocks then fall into the test chamber 2. After half of the teeth of the full gear 49 rotate away from the first gear 50, the meshing between the incomplete gear 49 and the first gear 50 is disengaged. Then, under the weight of the baffle plate 52 itself, the baffle plate 52 will rotate and reset to block the inside of the feeding trough 54 again. This process is repeated so that the rock blocks inside the feeding trough 54 can fall intermittently into the test hood 2, avoiding uneven rock layer thickness caused by excessive single feeding, and avoiding excessive local pressure caused by concentrated rock accumulation, which could lead to soil collapse or abnormal density inside the test hood 2, thus ensuring the safety of the test.

[0056] Through the transmission column 48, the operator uses a stepper motor 34. The drive shaft of the stepper motor 34 rotates, which drives the incomplete gear 49 and the transmission column 48 to rotate. The transmission column 48 then drives the second bevel gear 53 to rotate. The second bevel gear 53 then meshes with and drives the first bevel gear 47, the adjusting column 65, the locking column 68, and the rotating cylinder 46 to rotate. The rotation of the rotating cylinder 46 drives the second sprocket 44 to rotate, which in turn drives the first sprocket 43 to rotate via the chain 45. The rotation of the first sprocket 43 drives the lead screw 30 to rotate. Then, the slide table 29 raises the mounting plate 8 and the compaction plate 10, while the rotating rod 51 and the blocking plate 52 rotate synchronously. Therefore, the raising of the mounting plate 8 and the compaction plate 10 simultaneously... Rock blocks are fed into the interior of the test cover 2. When the mounting plate 8 and the compaction plate 10 rise to the top, but rock blocks still need to be fed into the interior of the test cover 2, the upward movement of the operating ring 67 drives the locking pin 68 to slide inside the locking hole 66. Then, the operating ring 67 and the locking pin 68 will drive the adjusting pin 65 and the first bevel gear 47 to move upward, thereby separating the first bevel gear 47 from the second bevel gear 53. When the locking pin 68 rises to the top surface inside the locking hole 66, the operating ring 67 is rotated to drive the locking pin 68, the adjusting pin 65 and the first bevel gear 47 to rotate, which can lock the locking pin 68 into the transverse hole of the locking hole 66, thereby facilitating the disconnection of the first bevel gear 47 and the second bevel gear 53, so that the blocking plate 52 can move independently to continue intermittent feeding.

[0057] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 14 A diversion pipe 58 is fixedly installed on the top surface of the test cover 2. Several water outlet holes 59 are opened on the outer circular wall of the diversion pipe 58. A water spray pipe 60 is fixedly sleeved on the inner circular wall of the water outlet hole 59. A water spray head 61 is fixedly sleeved on the inner circular wall of the water spray pipe 60. A water inlet pipe 62 is fixedly sleeved on the inner circular wall of the diversion pipe 58. Several water inlet holes 63 are opened on one side of the feeding frame 4. The water inlet holes 63 are fixedly sleeved with the water spray head 61.

[0058] By using the spray nozzle 61, water is connected to the inlet pipe 62, and then water is injected into the inside of the diversion pipe 58 through the inlet pipe 62. The water is then sprayed out through the spray pipe 60 and the spray nozzle 61, which facilitates the wetting of the soil inside the test cover 2 in order to simulate geological regulation with high humidity.

[0059] Working principle: Please refer to Figures 1-14As shown, when the staff tests the pipe roof support 7 using the soil pressure box 6, the pipe roof support 7 is first placed on the top surface of the load-bearing base plate 1 and placed inside the test cover 2. Then, the staff can fill the inside of the test cover 2 with soil and rocks through the feeding frame 4 and the filling hole 3, so that the soil and rocks can accumulate on top of the pipe roof support 7, thus wrapping the outside of the pipe roof support 7. Since the detection plate 5 and the soil pressure box 6 are located above the pipe roof support 7, when the soil and rocks enter the inside of the test cover 2, the soil pressure box 6 will be between the pipe roof support 7 and the soil. Then, the downward pressure generated by the soil and rocks will first press down on the soil pressure box 6, so that the pressure caused by the soil and rocks inside the test cover 2 can be measured, which is convenient for pressure testing of the pipe roof support 7.

[0060] After the test chamber 2 is filled with soil and rocks using the compaction plate 10, the operator uses the drive motor 27. The drive shaft of the drive motor 27 rotates, causing the rotating column 13 to rotate around the center of the rotating disk 12. At this time, the movable column 21 remains stationary. As the rotating column 13 rotates, it drives the pushing column 15 to rotate. After the pushing column 15 rotates in a circle to the position of the force-bearing column 16, the pushing column 15 will contact the surface of the force-bearing column 16. As the pushing column 15 continues to rotate, it will squeeze the force-bearing column 16 and move it. Then, the force-bearing column 16 will drive the rotating disk 12 and the rotating column 17 to rotate around the rotating column 13. When the force-bearing column 16 and the rotating column 17 rotate upwards on the rotating column 13, the rotating column 17 will pull the linkage column 14 and... The movable column 21 drives the lifting column 9, the fixed ring 18, and the compaction plate 10 to move upward. At this time, the fixed ring 18 disengages from the interior of the limiting platform 24 and compresses the spring 22 to move upward. The force-bearing column 16 and the rotating column 17 rotate above the rotating column 13 and rotate more than 180°. The resistance of the pushing column 15 is released, and the spring 22 will drive the fixed ring 18, the lifting column 9, and the connecting plate 19 to rebound. The connecting plate 19 will pull the movable column 21 and the linkage column 14 to move downward. Then, the rotating column 17 will be pulled downward by the linkage column 14, which will drive the rotating disk 12 to rotate and reset quickly. In turn, the lifting column 9 will drive the compaction plate 10 to move downward quickly. This process is repeated, so that the compaction plate 10 can continuously impact the soil inside the test cover 2, which is convenient for compacting the soil placed inside the test cover 2.

[0061] By rotating the lead screw 30, the operator can move the slide 29 up and down along the lead screw 30. The slide 29 will then move the mounting plate 8, which will facilitate the adjustment of the position of the mounting plate 8. This will allow the position of the compaction plate 10 to be raised or lowered, so that the initial position of the compaction plate 10 is closer to the soil inside the test cover 2.

[0062] By using the adjustable rod 39, the operator rotates the adjustable plate 11 to rotate the adjustable rod 39, thereby rotating the adjustable plate 11 upwards and causing the front end of the adjustable plate 11 to tilt upwards. Then, the nut 40 is tightened to secure the rotated adjustable plate 11. At this time, the adjustable plate 11 and the compaction plate 10 will form an inclined L-shape. When the lifting column 9 drives the compaction plate 10 and the adjustable plate 11 to compact the soil, the compaction plate 10 will directly impact the soil with a flat surface, which can compact the soil. The adjustable plate 11 impacts the soil at an incline, and the degree of compaction will be lower compared to the compaction plate 10, thus facilitating the simulation of geological soils with different degrees of compaction.

[0063] By placing rocks into the feed trough 54, the rotating transmission column 48 drives the incomplete gear 49 to rotate. Since only half of the teeth are on the outside of the incomplete gear 49, its rotation drives the first gear 50 to rotate, which in turn drives the rotating rod 51 and the baffle plate 52 to rotate. Subsequently, the baffle plate 52 moves away from the feed trough 54, releasing the obstruction of the rocks inside. The rocks then fall into the test cover 2. When half of the teeth of the incomplete gear 49 disengage from the first gear 50, the meshing between the incomplete gear 49 and the first gear 50 is disengaged. Then, under its own weight, the baffle plate 52 rotates back to its original position and blocks the feed trough 54 again. This process repeats, allowing the rocks inside the feed trough 54 to fall intermittently into the test cover 2, preventing excessive rock from causing large intervals and affecting the soil structure.

[0064] By using the spray nozzle 61, water is connected to the inlet pipe 62, and then water is injected into the inside of the diversion pipe 58 through the inlet pipe 62. The water is then sprayed out through the spray pipe 60 and the spray nozzle 61, which facilitates the wetting of the soil inside the test cover 2 in order to simulate geological regulation with high humidity.

[0065] Through the transmission column 48, the operator uses a stepper motor 34. The drive shaft of the stepper motor 34 rotates, which drives the incomplete gear 49 and the transmission column 48 to rotate. The transmission column 48 then drives the second bevel gear 53 to rotate. The second bevel gear 53 then meshes with and drives the first bevel gear 47, the adjusting column 65, the locking column 68, and the rotating cylinder 46 to rotate. The rotation of the rotating cylinder 46 drives the second sprocket 44 to rotate, which in turn drives the first sprocket 43 to rotate via the chain 45. The rotation of the first sprocket 43 drives the lead screw 30 to rotate. Then, the slide table 29 raises the mounting plate 8 and the compaction plate 10, while the rotating rod 51 and the blocking plate 52 rotate synchronously. Therefore, the raising of the mounting plate 8 and the compaction plate 10 simultaneously... Rock blocks are fed into the interior of the test cover 2. When the mounting plate 8 and the compaction plate 10 rise to the top, but rock blocks still need to be fed into the interior of the test cover 2, the upward movement of the operating ring 67 drives the locking pin 68 to slide inside the locking hole 66. Then, the operating ring 67 and the locking pin 68 will drive the adjusting pin 65 and the first bevel gear 47 to move upward, thereby separating the first bevel gear 47 from the second bevel gear 53. When the locking pin 68 rises to the top surface inside the locking hole 66, the operating ring 67 is rotated to drive the locking pin 68, the adjusting pin 65 and the first bevel gear 47 to rotate, which can lock the locking pin 68 into the transverse hole of the locking hole 66, thereby facilitating the disconnection of the first bevel gear 47 and the second bevel gear 53, so that the blocking plate 52 can move independently to continue intermittent feeding.

[0066] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A testing device for deformation of tunnel pipe roof support, characterized in that, include: A load-bearing base plate, on the top surface of which a test cover is fixedly installed, and a filler hole is opened on the top surface of the test cover. The top surface of the load-bearing base plate is provided with pipe roof support. The testing assembly, located inside the filling hole, is used to perform deformation tests on the pipe roof support. The testing assembly includes: a feeding frame, which is fixedly fitted inside the filling hole; a testing plate, which is fixedly installed inside the testing cover; an earth pressure cell, which is fixedly installed on the top surface of the testing plate; the testing plate and the earth pressure cell are located on top of the pipe roof support and are used to measure the contact pressure between the pipe roof support and the soil; an installation plate, which is located on one side of the testing cover; a lifting column, which is located on one side of the installation plate; a compaction plate, which is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the lifting column; and an adjustment plate, which is located on one side of the compaction plate. One side of the mounting plate is equipped with a pressure-applying component for compacting the soil. A displacement assembly for adjusting the position of the mounting plate is provided on one side of the test cover; The pressure-applying assembly includes: a rotating disk disposed on one side of a mounting plate; a rotating column movably fitted inside the rotating disk; a force-bearing column and a rotating column fixedly installed on one side of the rotating disk; two pushing columns fixedly installed on the outer circular wall of the rotating column; a linkage column disposed on one side of the rotating disk, movably fitted with the rotating column; a fixing ring fixedly fitted on the outer circular wall of the lifting column; a connecting plate fixedly installed on the top surface of the lifting column; a movable hole opened on one side of the connecting plate; a movable column fixedly installed inside the linkage column, movably fitted with the movable hole; a spring movably fitted on the outer circular wall of the lifting column, the bottom of the spring fixedly installed with the fixing ring; a support platform and a limiting platform fixedly installed on one side of the mounting plate; the lifting column movably fitted with the support platform and the limiting platform respectively; a spring located between the support platform and the limiting platform; the top of the spring fixedly installed with the bottom surface of the support platform; a rotating hole opened on one side of the mounting plate, movably fitted with the rotating column; a mounting frame fixedly installed on the other side of the mounting plate; a drive motor fixedly fitted inside the mounting frame; and the drive shaft of the drive motor fixedly installed with the rotating column.

2. The testing device for tunnel pipe roof support deformation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The displacement component includes: A fixed frame is fixedly installed on one side of the test cover. A slide is slidably connected inside the fixed frame. A lead screw is installed inside the fixed frame. A threaded hole is opened on the top surface of the slide, and the threaded hole is threadedly connected to the lead screw. Support holes are opened on the top and bottom surfaces of the fixed frame, and the lead screw is movably sleeved with the support holes. Two limit posts are fixedly installed inside the fixed frame. Two limit holes are opened on the top surface of the slide, and the limit holes are movably sleeved with the limit posts. The slide is fixedly installed with the mounting plate.

3. The testing device for tunnel pipe roof support deformation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top surface of the compaction plate has a reserved hole, and the two sides of the compaction plate have adjustment holes that are connected to the reserved hole. Adjustment rods are fixedly installed on both sides of the adjustment plate and are movably connected to the adjustment holes. The outer circular wall of the adjustment rod is threaded and a nut is threaded onto the outer circular wall of the adjustment rod.

4. The testing device for tunnel pipe roof support deformation according to claim 2, characterized in that: A lower stone platform is fixedly installed on one side of the load-bearing base plate. A material discharge chute is opened on the top surface of the lower stone platform. Two support plates are fixedly installed on the top surface of the lower stone platform. A transmission column and a rotating rod are movably connected between the two support plates. A blocking plate is fixedly installed on the outer circular wall of the rotating rod. A second bevel gear is fixedly installed at one end of the transmission column, and an incomplete gear is fixedly installed at the other end of the transmission column. A first gear is fixedly installed at one end of the rotating rod, and the first gear meshes with the incomplete gear.

5. The testing device for tunnel pipe roof support deformation according to claim 1, characterized in that: A lower platform is fixedly installed on the other side of the load-bearing base plate. The top surface of the lower platform has an inclined groove, and several partition plates are fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the inclined groove.

6. The testing device for tunnel pipe roof support deformation according to claim 1, characterized in that: A diversion pipe is fixedly installed on the top surface of the test cover. Several water outlet holes are opened on the outer circular wall of the diversion pipe. A water spray pipe is fixedly sleeved on the inner circular wall of the water outlet hole. A water spray head is fixedly sleeved on the inner circular wall of the water spray pipe. A water inlet pipe is fixedly sleeved on the inner circular wall of the diversion pipe. Several water inlet holes are opened on one side of the feeding frame. The water inlet holes are fixedly sleeved with the water spray head.

7. A testing device for tunnel pipe roof support deformation according to claim 4, characterized in that: A first sprocket is fixedly installed on the top surface of the lead screw. A stabilizing hole is opened on the top surface of the fixed frame. A bearing is fixedly sleeved on the inner circular wall of the stabilizing hole. A rotating cylinder is fixedly sleeved on the inner circular wall of the bearing inner ring. A second sprocket is fixedly installed on the top surface of the rotating cylinder. A chain is meshed with the first sprocket and the second sprocket. A first bevel gear is provided on the bottom surface of the rotating cylinder. A second bevel gear meshes with the first bevel gear. An adjusting column is fixedly installed on the top surface of the first bevel gear. The adjusting column is movably sleeved with the rotating cylinder. Two locking holes are opened on the outer circular wall of the rotating cylinder. An operating ring is movably sleeved on the outer circular wall of the rotating cylinder. A locking post is fixedly installed on the inner circular wall of the operating ring. The locking post is fixedly installed on the top surface of the adjusting post. The locking post is movably locked with the two locking holes. A fixed frame is fixedly installed on one side of the support plate. A stepper motor is fixedly installed inside the fixed frame. The drive shaft of the stepper motor is fixedly installed with an incomplete gear.

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