Method and System for Constructing High Spatiotemporal Resolution Ionospheric Models Using Dense GNSS Deformation Stations

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for constructing a high spatiotemporal resolution ionospheric model using dense GNSS deformation monitoring stations. The method includes: collecting dual-frequency observation data and broadcast ephemeris data from dense GNSS deformation monitoring stations within the modeling area; calculating multipath effects, cycle slip ratio, and data effectiveness, and selecting data that meets quality requirements; acquiring satellite-end DCB and receiver-end DCB respectively; calculating geometrically insensitive distance combinations using the selected dual-frequency observation data, and combining the satellite-end DCB and receiver-end DCB to obtain the oblique path TEC; based on the thin-layer assumption, calculating the puncture point location of the satellite signal in the thin layer, the satellite elevation angle, and azimuth angle at the puncture point, and converting the oblique path TEC to vertical TEC using a projection function; constructing a TEC grid model, and averaging the vertical TEC of all puncture points falling in each grid to obtain the TEC value and system. This invention utilizes data from existing large-scale dense GNSS deformation network monitoring stations for calculation, achieving data value enhancement without increasing construction costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of ionospheric modeling, specifically relating to a method and system for constructing a high spatiotemporal resolution ionospheric model using dense GNSS deformation stations. Background Technology

[0002] The ionosphere is a key medium affecting satellite navigation, communication systems, and space environment monitoring. Accurate modeling of its spatiotemporal variation characteristics is crucial for high-precision applications. Traditional ionospheric modeling mainly relies on GNSS observation data provided by a continuously operating reference station (CORS) network. Based on these sparse stations, traditional modeling methods (such as spherical harmonic function modeling or polynomial fitting) can characterize the large-scale spatiotemporal distribution of the ionospheric TEC, but are limited by station density and data sampling rate, making it difficult to resolve the small- to medium-scale ionospheric structure at the level of hundreds of meters to kilometers and minutes to hours.

[0003] In recent years, the demand for geological disaster monitoring and urban safety early warning has surged. However, new data sources also face two major challenges: inconsistent data quality and massive computational complexity.

[0004] The terms used in this invention specification are explained as follows:

[0005] DCB: Differential Code Bias;

[0006] GNSS: Global Navigation Satellite System;

[0007] CORS: Continuous Operational Reference System;

[0008] CMONOC: Crustal Movement Observation Network of China.

[0009] PPP: Precise Point Positioning;

[0010] TEC: Total Electronic Content;

[0011] VTEC / Vertical TEC: Vertical Total Electron Content;

[0012] STEC / Slant Total Electron Content: Slant Total Electron Content. Summary of the Invention

[0013] To address the challenges of resolving small- and medium-scale ionospheric structures, and the inconsistent data quality and computational complexity of new data sources, this invention provides a method for constructing a high spatiotemporal resolution ionospheric model using dense GNSS deformation monitoring stations. This method utilizes data from existing large-scale dense GNSS deformation network monitoring stations for calculations, constructing a high spatiotemporal resolution ionospheric model capable of resolving small- and medium-scale ionospheric structures while balancing data quality and computational complexity. This achieves data value-added effects without increasing construction costs.

[0014] According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for constructing a high spatiotemporal resolution ionospheric model using dense GNSS deformation stations is provided, comprising:

[0015] Collect dual-frequency observation data and broadcast ephemeris data from dense GNSS deformation stations within the modeling area;

[0016] Based on the collected data, multipath effect, cycle slip ratio and data effectiveness are calculated, and data that meets the quality requirements are selected.

[0017] Acquire the DCB at the satellite end and the DCB at the receiver end respectively;

[0018] The geometrically indeterminate distance combination is calculated using the selected dual-frequency observation data, and the slant path TEC is obtained by combining the satellite-end DCB and the receiver-end DCB.

[0019] Based on the thin-layer assumption, the location of the satellite signal puncture point in the thin layer, the satellite elevation angle and azimuth angle at the puncture point are calculated, and the oblique path TEC is converted into vertical TEC using the projection function.

[0020] Construct a TEC grid model, and take the average of the vertical TEC values ​​of all puncture points falling in each grid to obtain the TEC value.

[0021] As a further technical solution, based on the collected data, multipath effect, cycle slip ratio, and data effectiveness are calculated to screen out data that meets quality requirements, including:

[0022] Delete observation arcs where the multipath effect is less than the first preset value, the cycle slip ratio is less than the second preset value, or the data effectiveness is lower than the third preset value, and retain the data that has not been deleted as data that meets the quality requirements.

[0023] As a further technical solution, the satellite-side DCB and receiver-side DCB are acquired separately, including:

[0024] Download the satellite DCB product and obtain the satellite DCB;

[0025] Obtain GNSS broadcast ephemeris and precise ephemeris, and combine them with satellite DCB to estimate the receiver DCB of each GNSS deformable station using precise point positioning methods.

[0026] As a further technical solution, when estimating the receiver-end DCB of each GNSS deformation station using the precise single-point positioning method, the strategy adopted is as follows:

[0027] With fixed satellite orbit, satellite clock bias, and satellite-end DCB, non-differential and non-combined observations are used, and the Klobuchar model is used as virtual ionospheric observations. Station coordinates, tropospheric delay, and DCB are used as parameters to be estimated.

[0028] As a further technical solution, the formula for obtaining the oblique path TEC is:

[0029] STEC = P4 – DCBrec - DCBsat

[0030] Where P4 represents the geometrically incompatible combination, DCBrec represents the receiver-side DCB, and DCBsat represents the satellite-side receiver.

[0031] As a further technical solution, the expression for converting a slanted path TEC to a vertical TEC using a projection function is as follows:

[0032] VTEC = STEC·cos(z')

[0033] Where (z') represents the zenith distance of a single-layer ionospheric model, STEC represents the oblique path TEC, and VTEC represents the vertical TEC.

[0034] As a further technical solution, the method also includes:

[0035] For empty grid cells where no puncture point falls, the values ​​of neighboring grid cells are used to fill in the missing cells.

[0036] According to one aspect of the present invention, a system for constructing a high spatiotemporal resolution ionospheric model using dense GNSS deformation stations is provided, comprising:

[0037] The first main module is used to collect dual-frequency observation data and broadcast ephemeris data from dense GNSS deformation stations within the modeling area;

[0038] The second main module is used to calculate the multipath effect, cycle slip ratio and data effectiveness based on the collected data, and to filter out data that meets the quality requirements.

[0039] The third main module is used to acquire the satellite DCB and the receiver DCB respectively;

[0040] The fourth main module is used to calculate the geometrically insensitive combination using the selected dual-frequency observation data, and combine the satellite-end DCB and receiver-end DCB to obtain the slant path TEC.

[0041] The fifth main module is used to calculate the location of the puncture point of the satellite signal in the thin layer, the satellite elevation angle and azimuth angle at the puncture point, and to convert the oblique path TEC into a vertical TEC using a projection function based on the thin layer assumption.

[0042] The sixth main module is used to construct the TEC grid model. It takes the average value of the vertical TEC of all puncture points falling in each grid to obtain the TEC value.

[0043] According to one aspect of the present invention, a device for constructing a high spatiotemporal resolution ionospheric model using dense GNSS deformation stations is provided, comprising a memory and a processor. The memory stores program instructions that are executed by the processor, and the processor invokes the program instructions to execute the method for constructing a high spatiotemporal resolution ionospheric model using dense GNSS deformation stations.

[0044] According to one aspect of the present invention, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is provided, the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions that cause the computer to execute the method for constructing a high spatiotemporal resolution ionospheric model using dense GNSS deformation stations.

[0045] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0046] This invention breaks through the limitations of traditional modeling frameworks, providing a novel ionospheric modeling method that balances data quality control and computational efficiency optimization. It constructs a high spatiotemporal resolution ionospheric model, avoiding the loss of small- and medium-scale ionospheric structures. Furthermore, this invention utilizes data from existing large-scale, dense GNSS deformation network monitoring stations for calculations, achieving data value-added effects without increasing construction costs. Attached Figure Description

[0047] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0048] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the method for constructing a high spatiotemporal resolution ionospheric model using dense GNSS deformation stations provided in this embodiment of the invention.

[0049] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the system structure for constructing a high spatiotemporal resolution ionospheric model using dense GNSS deformation stations provided in this embodiment of the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0050] It should be noted that:

[0051] The accelerated construction of dense GNSS deformation monitoring networks has provided an unprecedented data foundation for building high spatiotemporal resolution ionospheric models. However, new data sources face two major challenges: inconsistent data quality and massive computational complexity. Therefore, there is an urgent need to overcome the limitations of traditional modeling frameworks and develop novel ionospheric modeling methods that balance data quality control and computational efficiency optimization.

[0052] Based on the aforementioned situation, this invention provides a method for constructing a high spatiotemporal resolution ionospheric model. By using data from existing large-scale dense GNSS deformation network monitoring stations for calculation, the constructed high spatiotemporal resolution ionospheric model can resolve the small- and medium-scale ionospheric structures, and achieves the added value effect of data without increasing construction costs.

[0053] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, the technical features of the various embodiments or individual embodiments provided by the present invention can be arbitrarily combined to form new technical solutions. Such combinations are not bound by the order of steps and / or structural composition patterns, but must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

[0054] This invention provides a method for constructing a high spatiotemporal resolution ionospheric model using dense GNSS deformation stations. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 This includes the following steps:

[0055] Step 1. Collect dual-frequency observation data and broadcast ephemeris data from dense GNSS stations within the modeling area. The observation data consists of pseudorange and phase observations recorded by the receiver after receiving electromagnetic wave signals emitted by the satellite.

[0056] Step 2. Conduct preliminary data quality analysis, with the main indicators being multipath effect, cycle slip ratio, and data effectiveness. After the preliminary data quality analysis, delete low-quality arc segments.

[0057] Specifically, the multipath effect, cycle slip ratio, and data effectiveness are all set with corresponding preset values. When any of these indicators fails to meet the preset value, the observation segment is considered low-quality and is deleted. The preset values ​​for multipath effect, cycle slip ratio, and data effectiveness can be preset based on actual conditions or empirical values.

[0058] Step 3. Download the product from the internet to obtain the GNSS broadcast ephemeris, precise ephemeris, and satellite DCB, and use the PPP method to estimate the receiver's DCB.

[0059] Step 4. Calculate the frequency difference to obtain the geometrically inverse combination (P4 observation), and subtract the receiver and satellite DCB obtained in Step 3 to obtain the slant path STEC.

[0060] Step 5. Based on the thin-layer assumption, calculate the location (latitude and longitude) of the satellite signal's penetration point in the thin layer, the satellite elevation angle and azimuth angle at the penetration point, and use a projection function to convert STEC into VTEC in the vertical direction. Because the ionosphere is assumed to be a thin layer, the intersection of the satellite signal and the thin layer is the penetration point.

[0061] Step 6. Divide the modeling area into grids, and eliminate errors by averaging the VTEC values ​​of all puncture points falling in each grid to obtain the TEC values.

[0062] Preferably, the method further includes:

[0063] Step 7. Treat the grid cells where no puncture point falls as empty grid cells and fill them with the values ​​of neighboring grid cells.

[0064] As a preferred embodiment, the method for constructing a high spatiotemporal resolution ionospheric model using dense GNSS deformation stations provided in this invention comprises the following steps:

[0065] (1) Collect dual-frequency observation data (L1 / L2 frequency) and broadcast ephemeris from dense GNSS stations across the country.

[0066] (2) Perform preliminary quality analysis on the data and calculate the multipath effect, cycle slip ratio and data effectiveness. Based on the quality analysis results, delete the observation arcs with significant multipath effect (less than 0.8), low cycle slip ratio (e.g., less than 200) or low data effectiveness (less than 80%), and retain high-quality data for subsequent processing.

[0067] (3) Download satellite DCB products from the International GNSS Service (IGS) or other authoritative organizations to obtain satellite DCB values. Obtain GNSS broadcast ephemeris and precise ephemeris from the downloaded products, and use the precise point positioning (PPP) method to estimate the DCB of each GNSS station receiver (this technology is existing technology); the strategy adopted is: fix the satellite orbit, satellite clock error and satellite DCB, use non-difference non-combined observations, use the Klobuchar model as the virtual observation of the ionosphere, and use the station coordinates, tropospheric delay and DCB as parameters to be estimated.

[0068] (4) Calculate the geometrically insensitive combination (P4 observations) using dual-frequency observation data:

[0069]

[0070] in, and The phase-smoothed pseudorange observations are for frequencies L1 and L2, respectively. Without geometric range combination, the receiver DCB and satellite DCB are subtracted to obtain the total electron content (STEC) along the slant path:

[0071] STEC = P4 – DCBrec - DCBsat

[0072] (5) Based on the thin-layer assumption, calculate the location (latitude and longitude) of the satellite signal penetration point in the thin layer, and the satellite elevation angle and azimuth angle at the penetration point. Use a projection function (such as a single-layer model projection function) to convert the oblique path STEC into a vertical VTEC:

[0073] VTEC = STEC·cos(z')

[0074] Where (z') is the zenith distance of the single-layer ionospheric model.

[0075] (6) Construct a national TEC grid model: Draw regular grid points (e.g., 0.5°×0.5° resolution) across the country; for each grid, count the VTEC observations of all puncture points falling within the grid, and take the average value as the TEC value of that grid point. Grids without any puncture points are null grids.

[0076] (7) Use the VTEC of the grid around the null grid (e.g., 100km) to interpolate the null grid (e.g., using the inverse distance weighting method) to eliminate the null grid.

[0077] The implementation of the various embodiments of this invention is based on programmed processing by a device with processor functionality. Therefore, in practical engineering, the technical solutions and functions of the various embodiments of this invention are encapsulated into various modules. Based on this reality, and building upon the above embodiments, the embodiments of this invention provide a system for constructing a high spatiotemporal resolution ionospheric model using dense GNSS deformation stations. This system is used to execute the method for constructing a high spatiotemporal resolution ionospheric model using dense GNSS deformation stations in the above method embodiments.

[0078] See Figure 2 The system comprises: a first main module for collecting dual-frequency observation data and broadcast ephemeris data from densely packed GNSS deformation stations within the modeling area; a second main module for calculating multipath effects, cycle slip ratio, and data effectiveness based on the collected data, and filtering out data that meets quality requirements; a third main module for acquiring satellite-end DCB and receiver-end DCB respectively; a fourth main module for calculating geometrically insensitive distance combinations using the filtered dual-frequency observation data, and obtaining oblique path TEC by combining satellite-end DCB and receiver-end DCB; a fifth main module for calculating the puncture point location of the satellite signal in the thin layer, the satellite elevation angle and azimuth angle at the puncture point, and converting the oblique path TEC into vertical TEC using a projection function based on the thin layer assumption; and a sixth main module for constructing a TEC grid model, averaging the vertical TEC of all puncture points falling in each grid to obtain the TEC value.

[0079] The present invention provides a high spatiotemporal resolution ionospheric model system for dense GNSS deformation stations. This system addresses the challenge of resolving small- to medium-scale ionospheric structures, and the current situation where new data sources suffer from inconsistent data quality and extremely high computational complexity. Figure 2 Several modules in the model utilize data from existing large-scale dense GNSS deformation network monitoring stations for calculations. The constructed high spatiotemporal resolution ionospheric model can resolve small- and medium-scale ionospheric structures while balancing data quality and computational complexity. This achieves data value-added effects without increasing construction costs.

[0080] It should be noted that the system embodiments provided by this invention, in addition to implementing the methods in the above method embodiments, are also used to implement the methods in other method embodiments provided by this invention. The difference lies only in setting corresponding functional modules, and their principles are basically the same as those of the above system embodiments provided by this invention. As long as those skilled in the art, based on the above system embodiments and referring to the specific technical solutions in other method embodiments, obtain corresponding technical means and technical solutions composed of these technical means by combining technical features, and improve the modules in the above system embodiments while ensuring the practicality of the technical solutions, they can obtain corresponding system-like embodiments for implementing the methods in other method-like embodiments. For example:

[0081] Based on the above system embodiments, as a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a system for constructing a high spatiotemporal resolution ionospheric model using dense GNSS deformation stations. The second main module is further configured to execute the following instructions:

[0082] Delete observation arcs where the multipath effect is less than the first preset value, the cycle slip ratio is less than the second preset value, or the data effectiveness is lower than the third preset value, and retain the data that has not been deleted as data that meets the quality requirements.

[0083] Based on the above system embodiments, as a preferred embodiment, this invention provides a system for constructing a high spatiotemporal resolution ionospheric model using dense GNSS deformation stations. The third main module is further configured to execute the following instructions:

[0084] Download the satellite DCB product and obtain the satellite DCB;

[0085] Obtain GNSS broadcast ephemeris and precise ephemeris, and combine them with satellite DCB to estimate the receiver DCB of each GNSS deformable station using precise point positioning methods.

[0086] Based on the above system embodiments, as a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a system for constructing a high spatiotemporal resolution ionospheric model using dense GNSS deformation stations. When the third main module estimates the receiver-end DCB of each GNSS deformation station using a precise single-point positioning method, the strategy employed is as follows:

[0087] With fixed satellite orbit, satellite clock bias, and satellite-end DCB, non-differential and non-combined observations are used, and the Klobuchar model is used as virtual ionospheric observations. Station coordinates, tropospheric delay, and DCB are used as parameters to be estimated.

[0088] Based on the above system embodiments, as a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a system for constructing a high spatiotemporal resolution ionospheric model using dense GNSS deformation stations. The formula for obtaining the oblique path TEC by the fourth main module is as follows:

[0089] STEC = P4 – DCBrec - DCBsat

[0090] Where P4 represents the geometrically incompatible combination, DCBrec represents the receiver-side DCB, and DCBsat represents the satellite-side receiver.

[0091] Based on the above system embodiments, as a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a system for constructing a high spatiotemporal resolution ionospheric model using dense GNSS deformation stations. The expression for the fifth main module to convert oblique path TEC to vertical TEC using a projection function is as follows:

[0092] VTEC = STEC·cos(z')

[0093] Where (z') represents the zenith distance of a single-layer ionospheric model, STEC represents the oblique path TEC, and VTEC represents the vertical TEC.

[0094] Based on the above system embodiments, as a preferred embodiment, the system for constructing a high spatiotemporal resolution ionospheric model using dense GNSS deformation stations provided in this embodiment of the invention further includes:

[0095] The seventh main module is used to complete the null grids where no puncture point falls, using the values ​​of neighboring grids.

[0096] Based on the same inventive concept as the foregoing embodiments, this embodiment of the invention also provides a device for constructing a high spatiotemporal resolution ionospheric model using dense GNSS deformation stations, including a memory and a processor. The memory stores program instructions that are executed by the processor, and the processor calls the program instructions to execute the method for constructing a high spatiotemporal resolution ionospheric model using dense GNSS deformation stations.

[0097] In embodiments of the present invention, the memory can be non-volatile memory, such as a hard disk drive (HDD) or a solid-state drive (SSD), or it can be volatile memory, such as random-access memory (RAM). Memory is any other medium capable of carrying or storing desired program code having an instruction or data structure form and accessible by a computer, but is not limited thereto. The memory in embodiments of the present invention can also be a circuit or any other device capable of implementing a storage function for storing program instructions and / or data.

[0098] In this embodiment of the invention, the processor may be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components, capable of implementing or executing the methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in this embodiment of the invention. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of the methods disclosed in this embodiment of the invention can be directly manifested as being executed by a hardware processor, or executed by a combination of hardware and software modules within the processor.

[0099] According to one aspect of the present invention, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is provided, the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions, the computer instructions causing the computer to execute the method for constructing a high spatiotemporal resolution ionospheric model using dense GNSS deformation stations, comprising:

[0100] Collect dual-frequency observation data and broadcast ephemeris data from dense GNSS deformation stations within the modeling area;

[0101] Based on the collected data, multipath effect, cycle slip ratio and data effectiveness are calculated, and data that meets the quality requirements are selected.

[0102] Acquire the DCB at the satellite end and the DCB at the receiver end respectively;

[0103] The geometrically indeterminate distance combination is calculated using the selected dual-frequency observation data, and the slant path TEC is obtained by combining the satellite-end DCB and the receiver-end DCB.

[0104] Based on the thin-layer assumption, the location of the satellite signal puncture point in the thin layer, the satellite elevation angle and azimuth angle at the puncture point are calculated, and the oblique path TEC is converted into vertical TEC using the projection function.

[0105] Construct a TEC grid model, and take the average of the vertical TEC values ​​of all puncture points falling in each grid to obtain the TEC value.

[0106] The terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such as a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units, not necessarily limited to those explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0107] The block diagrams shown in the accompanying drawings are merely functional entities and do not necessarily correspond to physically independent entities. That is, these functional entities can be implemented in software, in one or more hardware modules or integrated circuits, or in different network and / or processor devices and / or microcontroller devices. The flowcharts shown in the accompanying drawings are merely illustrative and do not necessarily include all content and operations / steps, nor do they necessarily have to be performed in the described order. For example, some operations / steps can be decomposed, while others can be combined or partially combined; therefore, the actual execution order may change depending on the specific circumstances.

[0108] In summary, this invention proposes a high spatiotemporal resolution ionospheric model to avoid the loss of small- and medium-scale ionospheric structures; furthermore, by utilizing data from existing large-scale dense GNSS deformation network monitoring stations for calculations, it achieves data value-added effects without increasing construction costs.

[0109] Unless otherwise specified, all of the above technologies are publicly known technologies.

[0110] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a high spatiotemporal resolution ionospheric model using dense GNSS deformation monitoring stations, characterized in that, include: Collect dual-frequency observation data and broadcast ephemeris data from dense GNSS deformation stations within the modeling area; Based on the collected data, multipath effect, cycle slip ratio and data effectiveness are calculated, and data that meets the quality requirements are selected. Acquire the DCB at the satellite end and the DCB at the receiver end respectively; The geometrically indeterminate distance combination is calculated using the selected dual-frequency observation data, and the slant path TEC is obtained by combining the satellite-end DCB and the receiver-end DCB. Based on the thin-layer assumption, the location of the satellite signal puncture point in the thin layer, the satellite elevation angle and azimuth angle at the puncture point are calculated, and the oblique path TEC is converted into vertical TEC using the projection function. Construct a TEC grid model, and take the average of the vertical TEC values ​​of all puncture points falling in each grid to obtain the TEC value.

2. The method for constructing a high spatiotemporal resolution ionospheric model using dense GNSS deformation stations according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the collected data, multipath effects, cycle slip ratio, and data effectiveness are calculated. Data that meets quality requirements is then selected, including: Delete observation arcs where the multipath effect is less than the first preset value, the cycle slip ratio is less than the second preset value, or the data effectiveness is lower than the third preset value, and retain the data that has not been deleted as data that meets the quality requirements.

3. The method for constructing a high spatiotemporal resolution ionospheric model using dense GNSS deformation stations according to claim 1, characterized in that, The satellite DCB and receiver DCB are acquired separately, including: Download the satellite DCB product and obtain the satellite DCB; Obtain GNSS broadcast ephemeris and precise ephemeris, and combine them with satellite DCB to estimate the receiver DCB of each GNSS deformable station using precise point positioning methods.

4. The method for constructing a high spatiotemporal resolution ionospheric model using dense GNSS deformation stations according to claim 3, characterized in that, When estimating the receiver-end DCB of each GNSS deformation station using the precise single-point positioning method, the strategy employed is as follows: With fixed satellite orbit, satellite clock bias, and satellite-end DCB, non-differential and non-combined observations are used, and the Klobuchar model is used as virtual ionospheric observations. Station coordinates, tropospheric delay, and DCB are used as parameters to be estimated.

5. The method for constructing a high spatiotemporal resolution ionospheric model using dense GNSS deformation stations according to claim 1, characterized in that, The formula for obtaining the TEC of the oblique path is: STEC = P4 – DCBrec - DCBsat Where P4 represents the geometrically incompatible combination, DCBrec represents the receiver-side DCB, and DCBsat represents the satellite-side receiver.

6. The method for constructing a high spatiotemporal resolution ionospheric model using dense GNSS deformation stations according to claim 1, characterized in that, The expression for converting a slanted path TEC to a vertical TEC using the projection function is as follows: VTEC = STEC·cos(z') Where z' represents the zenith distance of a single-layer ionospheric model, STEC represents the oblique path TEC, and VTEC represents the vertical TEC.

7. The method for constructing a high spatiotemporal resolution ionospheric model using dense GNSS deformation stations according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: For empty grid cells where no puncture point falls, the values ​​of neighboring grid cells are used to fill in the missing cells.

8. A high spatiotemporal resolution ionospheric model system constructed using dense GNSS deformation monitoring stations, characterized in that... include: The first main module is used to collect dual-frequency observation data and broadcast ephemeris data from dense GNSS deformation stations within the modeling area; The second main module is used to calculate the multipath effect, cycle slip ratio and data effectiveness based on the collected data, and to filter out data that meets the quality requirements. The third main module is used to acquire the satellite DCB and the receiver DCB respectively; The fourth main module is used to calculate the geometrically insensitive combination using the selected dual-frequency observation data, and combine the satellite-end DCB and receiver-end DCB to obtain the slant path TEC. The fifth main module is used to calculate the location of the puncture point of the satellite signal in the thin layer, the satellite elevation angle and azimuth angle at the puncture point, and to convert the oblique path TEC into a vertical TEC using a projection function based on the thin layer assumption. The sixth main module is used to construct the TEC grid model. It takes the average value of the vertical TEC of all puncture points falling in each grid to obtain the TEC value.

9. A device for constructing a high spatiotemporal resolution ionospheric model using dense GNSS deformation monitoring stations, characterized in that, The system includes a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores program instructions that are executed by the processor, and the processor invokes the program instructions to execute the method for constructing a high spatiotemporal resolution ionospheric model using dense GNSS deformation stations as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions that cause the computer to execute the method for constructing a high spatiotemporal resolution ionospheric model using dense GNSS deformation stations as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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