Bridge deck system multi-subentry project integrated construction process optimization method

Abstract

The invention discloses a bridge deck system multi-sub-project integrated construction process optimization method. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, optimizing a process based on a BIM (Building Information Modeling); step 2, carrying out combined measurement by adopting GNSS-RTK and laser scanning; 3, bridge deck pavement construction and expansion joint installation are conducted on the basis of the combined measurement result; 4, the paver is linked with the reserved groove for positioning, the flatness error can be effectively controlled, and the bridge deck pavement quality is guaranteed; 5, guardrail modular construction is carried out; sixthly, seamless connection, layered backfilling and dynamic compaction are conducted on the butt strap behind the abutment; 7, whole-process environmental protection and finished product protection; 8, performing three-dimensional scanning comparison; step 9, block chain data archiving; the method has the beneficial effects that construction simulation, sequence adjustment and dynamic monitoring are carried out based on the model optimization process logic, the problems of process crossing and construction period conflict can be recognized and eliminated by simulating the construction process in advance, accurate positioning of each subentry project is ensured, and the overall coordination of construction is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of engineering optimization, and in particular to a method for optimizing the integrated construction process of multiple sub-projects of a bridge deck system. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous advancement of my country's transportation infrastructure construction, the scale of highway bridge construction has continued to expand, and the requirements for the quality, efficiency and environmental protection of bridge deck construction are becoming increasingly stringent. Traditional bridge deck construction has significant defects. It only involves the optimization of a single process and lacks systematic integration and dynamic monitoring of multiple sub-projects. It is difficult to meet the complex needs of modern engineering for efficiency, quality and environmental protection. In addition, under the wave of intelligence and digitalization, traditional construction technology cannot effectively integrate the emerging technologies of BIM, Internet of Things, and big data. It is difficult to achieve intelligent control and full life cycle management of the construction process, and innovation breakthroughs are urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and therefore proposes an optimization method for the integrated construction process of multiple sub-projects of a bridge deck system.

[0004] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solution: A method for optimizing the construction process of a multi-project integrated bridge deck system, comprising: Step 1: Optimize the process based on the BIM model; Step 2: Use GNSS-RTK and laser scanning to jointly measure and determine the construction location, providing a spatial reference for subsequent processes; Step 3: Based on the joint measurement results, carry out bridge deck pavement construction and expansion joint installation; Step 4: Position the reserved slot for the paver linkage; Step 5: Modular construction of guardrail; Step 6: Seamless connection of the slabs behind the platform, dynamic compaction of backfill in layers; Step 7: Environmental protection throughout the entire process and protection of finished products; Step 8: 3D scanning comparison; Step 9: Blockchain data archiving.

[0005] Furthermore, the BIM model is constructed in the following manner: S1: Use total stations and 3D laser scanning equipment to obtain spatial data on the bridge deck's topography, geology, and existing structures, and collect engineering design drawings, material specifications, and equipment parameters; S2: Based on the design drawings, material specifications, and equipment parameters, a three-dimensional model of the bridge deck system's multiple sub-projects is constructed in stages, including the main bridge structure, ancillary facilities, and construction site, and each component is assigned geometric dimensions, material properties, and spatial position.

[0006] Furthermore, the steps of the optimization process are: A1: Link the construction schedule with the BIM model to conduct 4D construction simulation, visually presenting the construction sequence, time nodes, and resource input of each sub-project, and identifying overlapping processes and schedule conflicts; A2: Through simulation analysis, adjust the process logic, prefabricate components in advance, and use the BIM model to simulate the lifting path and installation process; A3: During actual construction, on-site progress and quality data are fed back to the BIM model, and the plan and actual situation are compared in real time, so as to promptly detect deviations and adjust the logic of subsequent processes to ensure an efficient and orderly construction process.

[0007] Furthermore, the specific contents of the combined measurement using GNSS-RTK and laser scanning are as follows: Use GNSS-RTK technology for coordinate positioning to obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of key control points of the bridge deck system, including the center point of the pier top, the end point of the bridge expansion joint, the point where the longitudinal and transverse slopes of the bridge deck change, and the bearing installation reference point; Laser scanning equipment is used to collect point cloud data of the project area to obtain surface geometric information. The control point coordinates obtained by GNSS-RTK measurement are used as a benchmark to perform coordinate conversion and splicing on the laser scanning point cloud data to achieve data fusion between the two.

[0008] Furthermore, the method of positioning the reserved groove of the paver linkage is specifically as follows: The GPS positioning system is linked with the paver automatic control system to correct the paving trajectory in real time; Use a laser leveler for dynamic monitoring and a vibrating compaction device to control the flatness error within the set range; A 3m ruler is used to conduct spot checks every 50 meters, and the image data is retained. Unqualified areas will automatically trigger a rework warning.

[0009] Furthermore, the guardrail is constructed in a modular manner as follows: The prefabricated base is positioned and installed, and the cast-in-place concrete secondary molding process is used. The pouring sequence is determined through BIM model preview. Use 3D laser scanning for real-time calibration to control verticality error within the preset range; The integrated vibration sensor and fiber grating strain monitoring system collects vibration frequency and structural deformation data during the pouring process in real time, and automatically triggers sound and light alarms in case of abnormal conditions.

[0010] Furthermore, the steps of environmental protection and finished product protection are: A three-stage sedimentation and filtration system is used to recycle construction wastewater, and monitors are set up to control water quality in real time to ensure that the wastewater reuse rate is within the set range; Use a combination of low-noise construction equipment and noise barriers, stagger work periods, and install automatic noise monitors on site to ensure noise levels during construction are below set values. Deploy AI visual recognition warning system and set up millimeter wave radar monitoring zone in the finished product area to realize automatic intrusion alarm and movement trajectory tracking.

[0011] Furthermore, the three-dimensional scanning comparison method is: After the construction is completed, a 3D laser scanner is used to collect millimeter-level point cloud data of the overall structure of the bridge deck system. By aligning the 3D spatial coordinates and comparing the geometric features of the BIM model and the scanned data, a deviation analysis report is automatically generated, and quantitative acceptance of the dimensional accuracy, structural form, and material laying dimensions of each sub-project in each stage is carried out.

[0012] Furthermore, the content of the blockchain data archive is: Using blockchain technology to build a decentralized data storage system, construction logs, inspection reports, 3D scanning data, and acceptance records are hashed and encrypted to form tamper-proof electronic files. At the same time, a complete data chain with timestamps is established to provide full life cycle data support for subsequent structural health monitoring, maintenance, and renovation and upgrading.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: Establish a closed loop of 3D design-construction simulation-dynamic adjustment. Based on the model, optimize the process logic, conduct construction simulation, adjust the sequence, and dynamically monitor. By simulating the construction process in advance, it can identify and eliminate process overlap and schedule conflicts, ensure the precise positioning of each sub-project, improve the overall coordination of construction, avoid rework caused by design conflicts, and save time and costs. Intelligent measurement and control technology works in conjunction with the BIM model. A 3m ruler installed at the rear of the paver automatically extends and retracts for inspection, while a high-definition camera records the entire inspection process. If flatness deviations or misalignment of the reserved slot are detected, the system immediately generates a quality defect report, pushes it to the on-site terminal, and marks the problem area on the BIM model, triggering a rework warning process. 3D scanning comparison automatically generates deviation analysis reports by aligning the 3D spatial coordinates and comparing the geometric features of the BIM model and the scan data, and conducts quantitative acceptance of the dimensional accuracy, structural form, and material laying dimensions of each sub-project at each stage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] To facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0015] Figure 1The present invention is a flow chart of the method for optimizing the integrated construction process of multiple sub-projects of a bridge deck system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] See also Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the bridge deck multi-project integrated construction process optimization method includes: Step 1: Optimize the process based on the BIM model to provide accurate digital process planning for subsequent construction and guide the overall construction sequence and resource allocation; The BIM model is constructed as follows: S1: Use total stations and 3D laser scanning equipment to obtain spatial data on the bridge deck's topography, geology, and existing structures, and collect engineering design drawings, material specifications, and equipment parameters; S2: Based on the design drawings, material specifications, and equipment parameters, a three-dimensional model of the bridge deck system's multiple sub-projects is constructed in stages, including the main bridge structure, ancillary facilities, and construction site, and each component is assigned geometric dimensions, material properties, and spatial position.

[0018] The steps of the optimization process are: A1: Link the construction schedule with the BIM model to conduct 4D construction simulation, visually presenting the construction sequence, time nodes, and resource input of each sub-project, and identifying overlapping processes and schedule conflicts; A2: Through simulation analysis, adjust the process logic, prefabricate components in advance, and use the BIM model to simulate the lifting path and installation process; A3: During actual construction, on-site progress and quality data are fed back to the BIM model, and the plan and actual situation are compared in real time, so as to promptly identify deviations and adjust the logic of subsequent processes to ensure an efficient and orderly construction process; Step 2: Combine GNSS-RTK and laser scanning to determine the construction location, providing a precise spatial reference for subsequent processes, such as reinforcement and paving. The specific contents of the combined measurement using GNSS-RTK and laser scanning are as follows: Use GNSS-RTK technology for coordinate positioning to obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of key control points of the bridge deck system, including the center point of the pier top, the end point of the bridge expansion joint, the point where the longitudinal and transverse slopes of the bridge deck change, and the bearing installation reference point; Use laser scanning equipment to collect point cloud data of the project area to obtain surface geometric information. Use the control point coordinates obtained by GNSS-RTK measurement as a reference to perform coordinate conversion and splicing on the laser scanning point cloud data to achieve data fusion between the two. Step 3: Based on the joint measurement results, carry out bridge deck pavement construction and expansion joint installation; The specific steps for bridge deck pavement construction are as follows: remove loose concrete and other debris from the beam surface and rinse it with high-pressure water, lay out the edge lines of the section casting slabs and measure and set the elevation control network, tie the steel bars, and construct the steel bar joints and spacing in accordance with technical specifications and acceptance standards; based on the measured layout and elevation, use channel steel or make concrete elevation control strips as the basis for controlling the pavement layer; concrete is uniformly mixed by a centralized mixing station, transported to the construction site by dump trucks, and vibrated and formed by an MQ-type lightning leveling machine in one step, and then the surface is manually smoothed and then roughened; anti-slip measures should be taken for concrete bridge deck pavement, and the surface should be smoothed in two steps. After the second smoothing, the surface should be roughened along the transverse slope or grooved with machinery. The depth of the roughening and grooved should be 1 to 2 mm; after the concrete has finally set, it should be covered with plastic film and properly watered to cure until the specified age; The specific installation of expansion joints is as follows: the design installation temperature of the expansion joints of the bridge superstructure is 15 degrees. The reserved groove size is checked according to the design. During installation, the center line of the expansion joint is perpendicular to the center line of the bridge, and the top surface elevation is consistent with the design elevation. It is positioned and welded according to the cross slope of the bridge deck. The concrete is mixed evenly according to the designed mix ratio. After the concrete is poured into the expansion joint filling groove, an insert tamper is used in combination with a manual rod to tamp it densely, and an iron trowel is used to smooth it. If concrete splashes on the expansion joint, it must be cleaned immediately.

[0019] Step 4: The paver is linked with the reserved groove positioning to effectively control the flatness error and ensure the quality of the bridge deck pavement; The specific positioning method of the paver linkage reserved groove is: The GPS positioning system is linked with the paver automatic control system to correct the paving trajectory in real time; Use a laser leveler for dynamic monitoring and a vibrating compaction device to control the flatness error within the set range; Every 50 meters, a 3m ruler is used for spot checks, and image data is retained. Unqualified areas will automatically trigger rework warnings. Step 5: Modular construction of guardrail; The method of modular construction of the guardrail is: The prefabricated base is positioned and installed, and the cast-in-place concrete secondary molding process is used. The pouring sequence is determined through BIM model preview. Use 3D laser scanning for real-time calibration to control verticality error within the preset range; Integrated vibration sensor and fiber Bragg grating strain monitoring system to collect vibration frequency and structural deformation data in real time during the pouring process, and automatically trigger sound and light alarms in case of abnormal conditions; Step 6: Seamless connection of the slabs behind the platform, dynamic compaction of backfill in layers; Step 7: Environmental protection throughout the entire process and protection of finished products; The steps of environmental protection and finished product protection are: A three-stage sedimentation and filtration system is used to recycle construction wastewater, and monitors are set up to control water quality in real time to ensure that the wastewater reuse rate is within the set range; Use a combination of low-noise construction equipment and noise barriers, stagger work periods, and install automatic noise monitors on site to ensure noise levels during construction are below set values. Deploy an AI visual recognition warning system and set up millimeter-wave radar monitoring zones in the finished product area to achieve automatic intrusion alarms and movement trajectory tracking; Step 8: 3D scanning comparison: After construction is completed, a 3D laser scanner is used to collect millimeter-level point cloud data of the bridge deck structure. By aligning the 3D spatial coordinates of the BIM model and the scanned data and comparing their geometric features, a deviation analysis report is automatically generated. Quantitative acceptance is then conducted for each sub-project at each stage, including dimensional accuracy, structural form, and material placement dimensions. Step 9: Blockchain data archiving; the contents of the blockchain data archiving are: Using blockchain technology to build a decentralized data storage system, construction logs, inspection reports, 3D scanning data, and acceptance records are hashed and encrypted to form tamper-proof electronic files. At the same time, a complete data chain with timestamps is established to provide full life cycle data support for subsequent structural health monitoring, maintenance, and renovation and upgrading.

[0020] Through the digital acceptance process, the traditional acceptance cycle can be shortened by more than 60%. The comparison between the traditional acceptance and digital acceptance processes is as follows:

[0021] After calculation, the shortening ratio of the acceptance cycle = (traditional cycle - digital cycle) / traditional cycle × 100% = (18-6.5) / 18 × 100% ≈ 63.9%. Example 1

[0022] About BIM model construction: A total station was used to measure distances with an accuracy of ±1mm+1ppm and an angle measurement accuracy of 0.5″. A measurement control point was set every 5 meters along the bridge axis to obtain topographic elevation data for the bridge deck. A 3D laser scanner was used to achieve a point cloud accuracy of 6mm within a distance of 200 meters. A 360° scan of the existing piers and abutment structures was performed, acquiring spatial data with a point cloud density of 100 points / m2. Engineering design drawings, including 1:50 bridge elevations and 1:20 node details, as well as the elastic modulus of C50 concrete of 3.45×10 4 MPa, Q345D steel yield strength ≥345MPa material specifications, and bridge crane rated lifting capacity 800t, maximum erection speed 1.5m / min equipment operating parameters; The model was created using Revit 2024 software. Based on the pile foundation coordinates and cap dimensions in the design drawings, the main structural family libraries for the pile foundation, piers, and cap beams were sequentially created in the "Structural Template" file. For the crash barrier, a chamfer radius of R = 5 cm and a steel plate thickness of 4 mm were set according to design requirements. For the drainage pipe, a diameter of DN300 mm and a drainage slope of 0.5% were set. In the "Construction Site" model, the gantry crane track position and the concrete mixing plant footprint were arranged. Parametric drive was used to achieve the coordinated modification of component dimensions and properties. Collaborative integration: Based on the IFC4.3 standard, the structural model (including component force calculation parameters), the water supply and drainage model (including a water flow rate of 0.8 m / s and a pipe pressure level of PN10), and the electrical model (including cable specifications and distribution box installation height parameters) were imported into the Navisworks Manage 2024 platform. Utilizing the Clash Detective function, with a 5 mm collision detection tolerance, the model was tested for hard and gap collisions. This corrected the design conflict caused by the insufficient spacing between the lighting pipelines and the ventilation ducts (the original design spacing was only 3 cm, lower than the regulatory requirement of 10 cm). Ultimately, a complete BIM model of the bridge deck system engineering with components and associated parameters was formed. Example 2

[0023] Optimize the process based on the BIM model: Taking the construction of the deck system of a river-crossing bridge as an example, the project team linked the construction schedule with the BIM model and used Navisworks software to conduct 4D construction simulation. The simulation visually presented the construction sequence, time nodes, and resource input of each sub-project. The simulation revealed that the original plan for the installation of anti-collision guardrails and the bridge deck paving had overlapping operations in some areas, resulting in tight deployment of machinery and personnel and posing safety risks. Based on the results of the simulation analysis, the project team adjusted the process logic, optimizing the traditional linear construction sequence of bridge deck paving and guardrail installation to a segmented flow operation. The entire bridge was divided into 10 construction sections, each 50 meters long. The odd-numbered sections of the bridge deck were paved first. When the paving reached the third section, the guardrail foundation construction of the even-numbered sections began simultaneously, and so on. At the same time, some guardrail components were prefabricated in advance. The BIM model was used to simulate the lifting path and installation process. The simulation of the lifting path with the BIM model revealed that the original design path conflicted with the temporary construction channel. After timely adjustment of the path, the efficiency of lifting individual components was improved. During the actual construction process, construction workers used mobile devices to feed back on-site progress and quality data to the BIM model in real time. When the construction reached the sixth construction section, the BIM model showed that the bridge deck paving progress was two days behind schedule. Analysis showed that this was caused by a delay in concrete supply. The project team immediately coordinated with the backup concrete supplier based on the resource allocation plan in the BIM model, adjusted the subsequent construction plan, and increased the original daily construction hours from 8 to 10 hours, corrected the deviation in a timely manner, and ensured an efficient and orderly construction process. Example 3

[0024] About the data fusion of GNSS-RTK and laser scanning joint measurement: GNSS-RTK measurement data is based on the geodetic coordinate system, while point cloud data collected by laser scanning devices is usually presented in a local coordinate system with the device itself as the origin. Using known conversion parameters (seven-parameter or four-parameter conversion model), the laser scanning point cloud data is converted from the local coordinate system to the geodetic coordinate system consistent with the GNSS-RTK data, ensuring that both are in the same spatial reference. Matching homonymous points: Find at least three homonymous control points (e.g., the corresponding position of the measured center point of a bridge pier in the point cloud) among the control points measured by GNSS-RTK and the laser scanning point cloud data. Accurately identify these homonymous points using feature extraction algorithms (e.g., based on geometry). Coordinate transformation calculation, based on the control points of the same name, uses the least squares mathematical method to calculate the translation, rotation and scaling parameters of the laser scanning point cloud data relative to the GNSS-RTK coordinate system, and then performs coordinate transformation on the entire laser scanning point cloud data to make the point cloud data accurately match the coordinates of the GNSS-RTK control points; Data stitching and fusion: For point cloud data acquired through multi-site scanning, the GNSS-RTK control points with converted coordinates are used as a common benchmark. Through the matching and alignment algorithms of the overlapping areas, the point cloud data of each site are stitched into a complete point cloud model. During the stitching process, the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm is used to continuously adjust the point cloud position and attitude to reduce stitching errors, ultimately achieving deep fusion of GNSS-RTK measurement data and laser scanning point cloud data. Through the above steps, the measurement accuracy is controlled to ≤±5mm. Example 4

[0025] Paver linkage reserved groove positioning technology: During the construction of the deck system of a certain cross-river bridge, the construction team pre-marked the precise coordinates of drainage holes and expansion joints on the design drawings and imported the data into a high-precision GPS positioning system. When the paver started working, the GPS positioning system received satellite signals in real time and compared the paver's current position with the designed coordinates of the reserved slots. If the offset exceeded the set threshold (±5mm), the automatic control system immediately activated the hydraulic steering device to fine-tune the paver's direction of travel to ensure accurate positioning of the reserved slots. For flatness control, the laser leveler on the paver scans the paving surface 20 times per second and compares it with the preset elevation benchmark. If an elevation deviation of more than 0.3mm is detected in a certain reserved groove area, the system automatically adjusts the vibration frequency and tamping force of the vibrating compactor to ensure that the flatness error is always controlled within the standard range of ≤2mm / 3m. Quality Verification: In urban expressway reconstruction projects, a 3m ruler installed at the rear of the paver automatically extends and retracts for inspection every 50 meters of construction. A high-definition camera records the entire inspection process. If flatness deviations or offsets in the reserved groove position are detected, the system immediately generates a quality defect report, pushes it to the on-site terminal, and marks the problem area on the BIM model, triggering a rework warning process.

[0026] This invention uses BIM-driven process collaboration, intelligent measurement and control technology integration, modular environmentally friendly construction, and blockchain acceptance to achieve progressive optimization of the entire process from measurement and layout to finished product protection, thereby improving construction efficiency and shortening construction period.

[0027] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are intended only to help illustrate the present invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the present invention to the specific embodiments described. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible based on the content of this specification. These embodiments are selected and described in detail in this specification to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the present invention. The present invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. The bridge deck multi-project integrated construction process optimization method is characterized by: include: Step 1: Optimize the process based on the BIM model; Step 2: Use GNSS-RTK and laser scanning to jointly measure and determine the construction location, providing a spatial reference for subsequent processes; Step 3: Based on the joint measurement results, carry out bridge deck pavement construction and expansion joint installation; Step 4: Position the reserved slot for the paver linkage; Step 5: Modular construction of guardrail; Step 6: Seamless connection of the slabs behind the platform, dynamic compaction of backfill in layers; Step 7: Environmental protection throughout the entire process and protection of finished products; Step 8: 3D scanning comparison; Step 9: Blockchain data archiving.

2. The bridge deck multi-project integrated construction process optimization method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The BIM model is constructed as follows: S1: Use total stations and 3D laser scanning equipment to obtain spatial data on the bridge deck's topography, geology, and existing structures, and collect engineering design drawings, material specifications, and equipment parameters; S2: Based on the design drawings, material specifications, and equipment parameters, a three-dimensional model of the bridge deck system's multiple sub-projects is constructed in stages, including the main bridge structure, ancillary facilities, and construction site, and each component is assigned geometric dimensions, material properties, and spatial position.

3. The method for optimizing the integrated construction process of multiple sub-projects of a bridge deck system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The steps of the optimization process are: A1: Link the construction schedule with the BIM model to conduct 4D construction simulation, visually presenting the construction sequence, time nodes, and resource input of each sub-project, and identifying overlapping processes and schedule conflicts; A2: Through simulation analysis, adjust the process logic, prefabricate components in advance, and use the BIM model to simulate the lifting path and installation process; A3: During actual construction, on-site progress and quality data are fed back to the BIM model, and the plan and actual situation are compared in real time, so as to promptly detect deviations and adjust the logic of subsequent processes to ensure an efficient and orderly construction process.

4. The method for optimizing the integrated construction process of multiple sub-projects of a bridge deck system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific contents of the combined measurement using GNSS-RTK and laser scanning are as follows: Use GNSS-RTK technology for coordinate positioning to obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of key control points of the bridge deck system, including the center point of the pier top, the end point of the bridge expansion joint, the point where the longitudinal and transverse slopes of the bridge deck change, and the bearing installation reference point; Laser scanning equipment is used to collect point cloud data of the project area to obtain surface geometric information. The control point coordinates obtained by GNSS-RTK measurement are used as a benchmark to perform coordinate conversion and splicing on the laser scanning point cloud data to achieve data fusion between the two.

5. The method for optimizing the integrated construction process of multiple sub-projects of a bridge deck system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific positioning method of the paver linkage reserved groove is: The GPS positioning system is linked with the paver automatic control system to correct the paving trajectory in real time; Use a laser leveler for dynamic monitoring and a vibrating compaction device to control the flatness error within the set range; A 3m ruler is used to conduct spot checks every 50 meters, and the image data is retained. Unqualified areas will automatically trigger a rework warning.

6. The method for optimizing the integrated construction process of multiple sub-projects of a bridge deck system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The method of modular construction of the guardrail is: The prefabricated base is positioned and installed, and the cast-in-place concrete secondary molding process is used. The pouring sequence is determined through BIM model preview. Use 3D laser scanning for real-time calibration to control verticality error within the preset range; The integrated vibration sensor and fiber grating strain monitoring system collects vibration frequency and structural deformation data during the pouring process in real time, and automatically triggers sound and light alarms in case of abnormal conditions.

7. The method for optimizing the integrated construction process of multiple sub-projects of a bridge deck system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The steps of environmental protection and finished product protection are: A three-stage sedimentation and filtration system is used to recycle construction wastewater, and monitors are set up to control water quality in real time to ensure that the wastewater reuse rate is within the set range; Use a combination of low-noise construction equipment and noise barriers, stagger work periods, and install automatic noise monitors on site to ensure noise levels during construction are below set values. Deploy AI visual recognition warning system and set up millimeter wave radar monitoring zone in the finished product area to realize automatic intrusion alarm and movement trajectory tracking.

8. The bridge deck multi-project integrated construction process optimization method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The three-dimensional scanning comparison method is: After the construction is completed, a 3D laser scanner is used to collect millimeter-level point cloud data of the overall structure of the bridge deck system. By aligning the 3D spatial coordinates and comparing the geometric features of the BIM model and the scanned data, a deviation analysis report is automatically generated, and quantitative acceptance of the dimensional accuracy, structural form, and material laying dimensions of each sub-project in each stage is carried out.

9. The method for optimizing the integrated construction process of multiple sub-projects of a bridge deck system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The contents of the blockchain data archive are: Using blockchain technology to build a decentralized data storage system, construction logs, inspection reports, 3D scanning data, and acceptance records are hashed and encrypted to form tamper-proof electronic files. At the same time, a complete data chain with timestamps is established to provide full life cycle data support for subsequent structural health monitoring, maintenance, and renovation and upgrading.

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