Wind-solar hydrogen storage and charging multi-energy complementary integrated system and cooperative control method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a wind-solar hydrogen storage and charging multi-energy complementary integrated system and a cooperative control method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of supervision control and data acquisition, and the method comprises the following steps: firstly detecting the fluctuation index of the output power of a power generation side, and starting the absorption of a super capacitor and the PID adjustment buffering of a lithium battery; and evaluating the state of the electrolytic cell, and determining whether or not and how to accurately adjust the feed water flow according to the water content and humidity distribution variance. And finally responding to the load change rate. According to the wind and light hydrogen storage and charging multi-energy complementary cooperative control method provided by the invention, accurate management of all working conditions of the electrolytic cell is realized through a three-step cooperative closed-loop control logic. A complete chain of'prevention-response-optimization 'is formed from source protection of power fluctuation on a power generation side, dynamic correction of the state of the electrolytic cell and graded adjustment of load change. The core value of the method lies in that through multi-parameter linkage, the damage risk of the proton exchange membrane is reduced to the maximum extent, and efficient and stable operation of the electrolytic cell is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of supervisory control and data acquisition, and in particular to a wind-solar-hydrogen storage and charging multi-energy complementary integrated system and a coordinated control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Wind, solar, storage, charging, and hydrogen multi-energy complementary integrated systems have emerged in the energy sector, and related technologies are continuously developing. By integrating wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation, energy storage, charging, and hydrogen production, they aim to build an efficient, stable, and clean energy system. Wind power generation converts wind energy into electricity through wind turbines, while photovoltaic power generation converts solar energy into electricity using photovoltaic panels. Energy storage devices can store electricity in the short term, absorbing it when wind and solar power output is excessive and releasing it when it is insufficient, smoothing power fluctuations. The charging process includes equipment such as charging piles, providing charging services for loads such as electric vehicles. The hydrogen production process consumes electricity to decompose water into hydrogen, leveraging the electricity output from wind and solar power for long-term energy storage. Existing technology uses an LSTM model to predict wind and solar power output power and charging load demand, calculates the power difference, and uses this to activate the electrolyzer to consume electricity. A dual-loop control strategy, consisting of an outer power loop and an inner current loop, adjusts the electrolyzer power based on system power and energy storage status, achieving constant-power hydrogen production.

[0003] For example, the Chinese invention patent publication number CN120377324A discloses a microgrid hydrogen production system and a multi-mode energy scheduling method based on dynamic optimization control, which include: a renewable energy power generation unit, comprising at least two distributed power sources with different power generation characteristics; a multi-stage hydrogen production device, configured to receive the power output of the renewable energy power generation unit and perform proton exchange membrane water electrolysis to produce hydrogen; a hybrid energy storage system, comprising a supercapacitor group and a lithium-ion battery group, both of which are connected in parallel to the DC bus through a bidirectional DC / DC converter; a dynamic optimization controller with a built-in multi-time scale coordination algorithm to obtain weather forecast data, load demand data and energy storage SOC status in real time; and a multi-mode scheduling module, comprising three working modes: island operation mode, grid-connected operation mode and emergency backup mode.

[0004] For example, the Chinese invention patent with announcement number CN119275939B discloses an integrated green electricity system of wind, solar, hydrogen and storage, which includes: when the amount of electricity generated by the wind power generation module and the photovoltaic power generation module is greater than the local real-time electricity demand, the power distribution control module is used to distribute the electricity generated by the wind power generation module and the photovoltaic power generation module into local electricity, grid electricity and reserve electricity according to the local electricity consumption situation. Local electricity is directly supplied to local users. Grid electricity is directly connected to the power grid. Reserve electricity is supplied to the electrolysis hydrogen production module for hydrogen production, and the produced hydrogen is stored by the hydrogen storage module. When the amount of electricity generated by the wind power generation module and the photovoltaic power generation module is less than the local real-time electricity demand, the power distribution control module is used to control the hydrogen fuel cell module to generate electricity using the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage module according to the local electricity consumption situation to supplement local electricity consumption.

[0005] The above technology has at least the following technical problems:

[0006] The output power of wind and solar power generation fluctuates greatly, resulting in uneven moisture distribution in the membrane and an increase in local dry areas. This requires the electrolyzer to apply a higher voltage to maintain the same hydrogen production rate, thereby increasing the unit hydrogen production energy consumption and reducing system efficiency. Due to the large thermal inertia of the PEM electrolyzer, it is difficult to achieve rapid response, and the electrolyzer is frequently in an inefficient range that deviates from the optimal working state. Summary of the Invention

[0007] On the one hand, a method for wind-solar-hydrogen storage and charging multi-energy complementary coordinated control is provided, the method comprising:

[0008] Analyze the output power fluctuation index of each power generation side and generate the output power fluctuation label of each power generation side. The power generation sides include wind power generation side and photovoltaic power generation side. Based on this, the energy storage compensation adjustment strategy is determined, and the energy storage output is synchronously adjusted to ensure the stability of the electrolyzer input power.

[0009] Analyze the electrolytic cell status indicators, generate electrolytic cell status labels, analyze the water content of the electrolytic cell proton exchange membrane, and adjust the electrolytic cell membrane humidity.

[0010] Analyze the electrolytic cell load change rate, obtain the electrolytic cell load change rate adjustment information, determine the electrolytic cell load graded adjustment strategy, detect the electrolytic cell status indicators at intervals, and feedback the electrolytic cell membrane humidity adjustment signal.

[0011] Determine the electrolytic cell load linkage adjustment demand information, and when the electrolytic cell load linkage adjustment demand information is demand adjustment, perform electrolytic cell load temperature-humidity linkage adjustment.

[0012] On the other hand, a wind-solar-hydrogen storage and charging multi-energy complementary integrated system is provided, including:

[0013] The wind-solar-storage-charging hydrogen integrated module is used to convert solar energy and wind energy into electrical energy to provide main power. It includes a wind-solar power generation module, an energy storage module, a hydrogen production module and a charging module.

[0014] The control and adjustment module is used to adjust and control each module in the system to ensure system stability.

[0015] The communication management module is used to coordinate the communication collaboration of various modules.

[0016] The energy management module is used to coordinate the power flow of various power production and utilization modules.

[0017] The beneficial effects brought about by the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention include at least:

[0018] 1. The present invention realizes precise management of the entire working condition of the electrolyzer through a three-step coordinated closed-loop control logic. From adjusting the output power fluctuation index on the power generation side to carry out source protection, to the dynamic correction of the electrolyzer status index to adjust the membrane humidity, and then to the graded adjustment of the load change rate, a complete chain of "prevention-response-optimization" is formed. Its core value lies in the fact that through the linkage of multiple parameters, it not only minimizes the risk of damage to the proton exchange membrane, but also ensures the efficient and stable operation of the electrolyzer. At the same time, it reduces invalid adjustments through the classification and dynamic correction mechanism, takes into account the equipment life, operating efficiency and energy consumption control, and provides a reliable solution for electrolyzer management under complex working conditions.

[0019] 2. The present invention focuses on the monitoring and preprocessing of power fluctuations on the power generation side, collects key parameters, and accurately determines the risk of disturbance, thereby avoiding over-regulation or insufficient protection caused by misjudgment of a single indicator. For fluctuation indicators exceeding the threshold, the fast response characteristics of the supercapacitor are preferentially used to absorb instantaneous power jumps to ensure that the membrane is not subject to short-term impacts; at the same time, the power difference is compensated through the power prediction and PID control of the lithium battery to block the possibility of the next fluctuation exceeding the standard from the source. This "layered protection + predictive regulation" mode not only reduces the direct damage to the membrane caused by power shocks, but also avoids system regulation lag or saturation caused by accumulated fluctuations, building a solid first line of defense for the stable operation of the electrolyzer.

[0020] 3. The present invention monitors the status of the electrolyzer in multiple dimensions, and the graded adjustment strategy based on the membrane moisture content and distribution variance is highly targeted: when the membrane is dry as a whole but evenly distributed, the total flow rate is optimized through a comprehensive correction coefficient; when there is local dryness, a dual adjustment of total flow rate increase + directional water replenishment is adopted, and Raman spectroscopy is used to locate the problem area and accurately distribute the flow rate, which not only solves the overall moisturizing demand, but also overcomes the pain point of uneven local humidity. This precise regional adjustment method not only ensures the ion conduction efficiency of the proton exchange membrane, but also reduces membrane aging or performance degradation caused by abnormal humidity. At the same time, the ideal thermal environment for the reaction is maintained through temperature deviation correction, indirectly improving the efficiency of the electrolyzer.

[0021] 4. The present invention adjusts the load change rate in stages. For drastic load changes exceeding the upper limit, the power difference is buffered by external energy storage to avoid the electrolytic cell from being directly impacted. After the fluctuation is smooth, the gradient adjustment is performed, thereby reducing the instantaneous stress of the membrane. For smooth changes within the interval, the deviation ratio + detection interval linkage mechanism is gradually optimized. Each step of adjustment is based on the premise that the state meets the standard to ensure that the adjustment effect can be verified. For abnormal situations, the correction is accelerated by reducing the step size and starting the temperature and humidity linkage adjustment to avoid small problems accumulating into major faults. Minor changes below the lower limit are not adjusted, which reduces invalid operations and energy consumption. This logic of hierarchical response and dynamic upgrading not only ensures the safety of load regulation, but also improves the system's adaptability to complex working conditions, and ultimately achieves the coordinated stability of load and membrane status. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a wind-solar-hydrogen storage and charging multi-energy complementary coordinated control method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of a wind-solar-hydrogen storage and charging multi-energy complementary integrated system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a load regulation strategy diagram of a wind-solar-hydrogen storage and charging multi-energy complementary coordinated control method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a conceptual diagram of a wind, solar, hydrogen storage and charging multi-energy complementary integrated system provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In the embodiments of the present invention, words such as "exemplarily" and "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or explanations. Any embodiment or design described as an "exemplary" in the present invention should not be interpreted as being preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. Rather, the use of the word "exemplary" is intended to present concepts in a concrete manner. Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present invention, "and / or" can mean both or either of the two.

[0028] In the embodiments of the present invention, the terms "image" and "picture" may be used interchangeably. It should be noted that, when the distinction between them is not emphasized, their intended meanings are the same. The terms "of," "corresponding," and "corresponding" may be used interchangeably. It should be noted that, when the distinction between them is not emphasized, their intended meanings are the same.

[0029] In the embodiments of the present invention, sometimes a subscript such as W1 may be written as a non-subscript such as W1. When the difference is not emphasized, the meanings to be expressed are the same.

[0030] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention clearer, a detailed description will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] Reference Figure 1 As shown, a flow chart of a wind-solar-hydrogen storage and charging multi-energy complementary coordinated control method provided by an embodiment of the present invention first detects the output power fluctuation index of the power generation side, starts the supercapacitor absorption and lithium battery PID adjustment buffer. Then evaluate the state of the electrolyzer, and decide whether and how to accurately adjust the feed water flow rate based on the water content and humidity distribution variance. Finally, respond to the load change rate, give priority to external energy storage buffering and then gradient adjustment in case of drastic changes; in case of moderate changes, optimize the adjustment step size according to the deviation classification and detect the state at intervals. Abnormal state triggers downgraded adjustment and humidity-temperature linkage; minor changes will not be adjusted. The method includes the following steps:

[0032] Analyze the output power fluctuation indicators of each power generation side and generate output power fluctuation labels for each power generation side. Each power generation side includes wind power generation side and photovoltaic power generation side. Based on this, the energy storage compensation adjustment strategy is determined, and the energy storage output is synchronously adjusted to ensure the stability of the electrolyzer input power.

[0033] Furthermore, the output power fluctuation index of each power generation side is analyzed. The specific analysis method is as follows:

[0034] Collect the output power fluctuation parameters of each power generation side, including the fluctuation amplitude, fluctuation duration and fluctuation frequency of the output power of each power generation side.

[0035] The output power fluctuation index of each power generation side is analyzed based on the output power fluctuation parameters of each power generation side.

[0036] It should be noted that the fluctuation amplitude of the output power of each power generation side is the difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​of the power within the time period preset in the database, which directly determines the magnitude of the fluctuation index. The larger the amplitude, the higher the degree to which the output power deviates from the rated value, and the higher the output power fluctuation index. The fluctuation duration is the duration of the power deviation from the stable value, reflecting the persistence of the fluctuation. The longer the fluctuation duration, the greater the accumulated deviation, which increases the fatigue loss of the regulating equipment, and the higher the output power fluctuation index. The fluctuation frequency is the number of power fluctuations per unit time, reflecting the intensity of the fluctuation. The greater the fluctuation frequency, the more the fluctuation repeatedly impacts the system, reducing the stability of the index, and the greater the output power fluctuation index.

[0037] It should be noted that the greater the fluctuation amplitude of the output power on each power generation side, the shorter the fluctuation duration and the lower the frequency. This is because if large fluctuations last too long or the frequency is too high, it will exceed the tolerance limit of the equipment and cause system damage. The higher the fluctuation frequency of the output power on each power generation side, the smaller the fluctuation amplitude and the shorter the duration. If high-frequency fluctuations are large and last for a long time, they will seriously damage the stability of the system and even cause a collapse. The longer the fluctuation duration of the output power on each power generation side, the lower the fluctuation amplitude and frequency tend to be. Long-term large-amplitude or high-frequency fluctuations will bring about a cumulative fatigue effect, increase energy loss and resonance risk.

[0038] It should be noted that the fluctuation amplitude of the output power of each power generation side is obtained by collecting power data every second through the PMU (synchronized phasor measurement unit) and SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition system) on the power generation side, and calculating the maximum difference between adjacent moments. The duration of the fluctuation can be obtained by setting a power stability threshold and recording the start and end time of the power exceeding the threshold through the monitoring system. The difference is the duration. The fluctuation frequency can be obtained by performing Fourier transform on the power time series data, converting the time domain signal into the frequency domain, and extracting the main frequency components of the fluctuation.

[0039] The fluctuation amplitude contribution coefficient, fluctuation duration contribution coefficient and fluctuation frequency contribution coefficient of the output power of each power generation side preset in the database are extracted.

[0040] It should be added that the value range of the fluctuation amplitude contribution coefficient, the fluctuation duration contribution coefficient and the fluctuation frequency contribution coefficient are all from 0 to 1, and the sum of the fluctuation amplitude contribution coefficient, the fluctuation duration contribution coefficient and the fluctuation frequency contribution coefficient is 1. When used, the pre-set value can be directly extracted from the database. The specific extraction method is, for example: constructing a one-to-one mapping set with the fluctuation amplitude, fluctuation duration and fluctuation frequency respectively and the corresponding fluctuation amplitude contribution coefficient, fluctuation duration contribution coefficient and fluctuation frequency contribution coefficient. When used, the real-time fluctuation amplitude, fluctuation duration and fluctuation frequency are respectively input into the corresponding mapping set, thereby extracting the fluctuation amplitude contribution coefficient, fluctuation duration contribution coefficient and fluctuation frequency contribution coefficient.

[0041] Extract the fluctuation amplitude reference value, fluctuation duration reference value and fluctuation frequency reference value of the output power of each power generation side preset in the database.

[0042] The output power fluctuation index of each power generation side is a quantitative index of the output power fluctuation of each power generation side, which is a combination of the fluctuation amplitude, fluctuation duration and fluctuation frequency. The specific analysis process is as follows: the collected fluctuation amplitude, fluctuation duration and fluctuation frequency are compared with the corresponding reference values ​​respectively, and the comparison results are coupled with the corresponding contribution coefficients to obtain the output power fluctuation index of each power generation side.

[0043] In this embodiment, the specific analysis method for a certain power generation side output power fluctuation index is as follows:

[0044]

[0045] Among them, F represents the output power fluctuation index on the power generation side, Q represents the fluctuation amplitude, Q0 represents the fluctuation amplitude reference value, r represents the fluctuation amplitude contribution coefficient, W represents the fluctuation duration, W0 represents the fluctuation duration reference value, t represents the fluctuation duration contribution coefficient, A represents the fluctuation frequency, A0 represents the fluctuation frequency reference value, and y represents the fluctuation frequency contribution coefficient.

[0046] Furthermore, the output power fluctuation labels of each power generation side are generated. The specific analysis method is as follows:

[0047] Extract the output power fluctuation index threshold of each power generation side.

[0048] If the output power fluctuation index of a certain power generation side is greater than or equal to the output power fluctuation index threshold of the corresponding power generation side, the output power fluctuation label of the corresponding power generation side is marked as an obvious label.

[0049] It should be noted that if the output power fluctuation index of a certain power generation side is greater than or equal to the output power fluctuation index threshold of the corresponding power generation side, it means that the power output stability of the power generation side has exceeded the normal fluctuation range preset by the system, reflecting that the operating status of the power generation equipment may be abnormal, or the impact of the external environment on its output has exceeded the controllable range, which will affect the proton exchange membrane of the electrolyzer in the hydrogen production module and needs to be aligned and regulated, so the output power fluctuation label of the corresponding power generation side is marked as an obvious label.

[0050] If the output power fluctuation index of a certain power generation side is less than the output power fluctuation index threshold of the corresponding power generation side, the output power fluctuation label of the corresponding power generation side is recorded as an inconspicuous label.

[0051] It should be noted that if the output power fluctuation index of a certain power generation side is less than the output power fluctuation index threshold of the corresponding power generation side, it means that the power output state of the power generation side is within the normal and stable range preset by the system, and the power output stability is good, reflecting that the operating state of the power generation equipment is stable and is less affected by the external environment, or its own adjustment ability can effectively smooth out fluctuations, which meets the system's basic requirements for power output stability and has a low negative impact on the proton exchange membrane of the electrolyzer in the hydrogen production module. Therefore, the output power fluctuation label of the corresponding power generation side is recorded as an inconspicuous label.

[0052] Furthermore, the energy storage compensation adjustment strategy is determined. The specific analysis method is as follows:

[0053] If the output power fluctuation label on the wind power generation side is an obvious label or the output power fluctuation label on the photovoltaic power generation side is an obvious label, energy storage compensation adjustment is performed.

[0054] It should be noted that if the output power fluctuation label on the wind power generation side is an obvious label or the output power fluctuation label on the photovoltaic power generation side is an obvious label, it means that the power fluctuation characteristics of the new energy power generation on this side have significantly deviated from the normal stable state, and have posed a threat to the proton exchange membrane of the electrolyzer in the hydrogen production module. In order to avoid the obvious fluctuation on the single power generation side from being transmitted to the proton exchange membrane of the electrolyzer, ensure local power balance, and reserve buffer space for possible subsequent fluctuation upgrades, the energy storage compensation adjustment is started at this time, and the power fluctuation on this side is smoothed in real time through the rapid charging and discharging response of the energy storage system.

[0055] If the output power fluctuation labels of the wind power generation side and the photovoltaic power generation side are both obvious labels, an early warning message is generated.

[0056] It should be noted that the significant output power fluctuation labels for both the wind and photovoltaic power generation sides indicate that the overall fluctuation characteristics of renewable energy generation have formed a cumulative effect, and this impact on the electrolyzer proton exchange membrane is more prominent than the significant fluctuations on the power generation side alone. The generation of this warning information at this time is intended to alert the dispatch system to the potential cumulative impact of this combined fluctuation, providing a basis for decision-making on subsequent, more in-depth regulatory adjustments.

[0057] In this embodiment, the warning message may be: "Attention! A fault has occurred in the wind and solar power generation module."

[0058] If the output power fluctuation labels on the wind power generation side and the photovoltaic power generation side are both inconspicuous labels, a good signal is generated.

[0059] It should be noted that if the output power fluctuation labels on the wind power generation side and the photovoltaic power generation side are both not obvious labels, it means that the output power of wind power and photovoltaic power generation is in a relatively stable state, the power change amplitude is small and smooth, and there is no significant sudden increase or decrease. The utilization efficiency of wind energy and solar energy is relatively stable, so a good signal is generated.

[0060] In this embodiment, the good signal may be: “The wind and photovoltaic power generation is in good condition!”.

[0061] The specific analysis process of energy storage compensation adjustment is as follows: the absorption time of the supercapacitor is determined according to the deviation value between the output power fluctuation index of the power generation side and the corresponding output power fluctuation index threshold of the power generation side.

[0062] It should be noted that the output power fluctuation index of the power generation side is subtracted from the output power fluctuation index threshold of the power generation side to obtain the output power fluctuation index deviation value of the power generation side, and the absorption time of the supercapacitor is determined based on the output power fluctuation index deviation value of the power generation side.

[0063] In this embodiment, the system pre-establishes the association rules between the deviation value of the power generation output power fluctuation index and the supercapacitor absorption time. This rule is managed using a structured configuration file or parameter table. In actual application, the deviation value of the power generation output power fluctuation index is first calculated, and then the corresponding supercapacitor absorption time is determined based on this deviation value, thereby achieving dynamic absorption time adjustment for different deviation levels. In addition, this supercapacitor absorption time configuration is continuously optimized based on historical data and expert experience to ensure the accuracy and rationality of the absorption time.

[0064] It should be noted that the larger the deviation value of the output power fluctuation index on the power generation side, the more significant the deviation between the actual value of the output power on the power generation side and the target value, which reflects that the stability of the power generation system is worse and the greater the degree of adjustment required. In order to stabilize the output power on the power generation side, the extremely high power density of the supercapacitor can be used to absorb the jump power, and the corresponding supercapacitor absorption time will be longer.

[0065] A power prediction model is used to regulate lithium battery output.

[0066] It should be noted that constructing an LSTM+Transformer (long short-term memory network + converter, LSTM is a special recurrent neural network that can effectively process and predict long-term dependencies in time series data; Transformer is a deep learning model based on the self-attention mechanism) hybrid model to regulate lithium battery output can combine LSTM's ability to capture timing dependencies with Transformer's global correlation modeling advantages to achieve accurate prediction and dynamic adjustment of lithium battery output. The specific steps are as follows: first collect the output power of the power generation side and the real-time voltage and current of the lithium battery, clean the outliers, and then standardize the timestamp data using Z-score normalization to construct the input sequence. The underlying LSTM module: captures local timing dependencies, sets 1-2 layers of LSTM units, and adjusts the hidden layer dimension according to the data scale. The input is the preprocessed timing feature sequence, and the output is the local timing feature vector. The local timing feature vector focuses on the dynamic behavior of a single device or subsystem on a short time scale, and achieves rapid response control by extracting the timing change pattern of its operating parameters. The Transformer encoder module models global correlations, using the local temporal feature vectors output by the LSTM as the input sequence for the Transformer. Positional encoding is added to preserve temporal position information. One or two encoder layers are configured, each containing a multi-head self-attention mechanism and a feedforward neural network. The module outputs a global correlation feature vector, which describes the coupling relationship across devices and time scales, revealing the overall energy flow correlation and spatiotemporal complementarity of the wind, solar, and hydrogen storage and charging system. The global correlation feature vector output by the Transformer is input into a fully connected layer, which uses linear transformation and activation functions to output the output value of the lithium battery.

[0067] The supercapacitor is started to preferentially absorb the power jump based on the absorption time of the supercapacitor.

[0068] It needs to be explained that power jumps are characterized by strong suddenness and fast change rate. Supercapacitors have a charging and discharging response speed of milliseconds. Their absorption time can accurately match the duration of the power jump. They can quickly intervene at the moment the jump occurs and suppress fluctuations in time.

[0069] It should be noted that within the determined absorption time, the system activates the supercapacitor circuit and puts it into fast charging and discharging mode. When the power suddenly rises, the supercapacitor quickly absorbs the excess power within the set time and reduces the output to a stable range.

[0070] PID closed-loop control is used simultaneously to achieve power difference compensation and adjust the lithium battery charging current.

[0071] It's important to note that after the supercapacitor initially absorbs the power jump, residual power deviation may still exist. This requires flexible regulation of the lithium battery to achieve power balance. PID closed-loop control, leveraging the synergy of proportional, integral, and differential functions, tracks the difference between target power and actual output in real time and dynamically adjusts the control variable, precisely matching the accuracy and stability requirements of lithium batteries and avoiding new fluctuations caused by over- or under-compensation.

[0072] It should be noted that the PID algorithm takes the stable output power of the power generation side as the target value, collects the actual output power of the power generation side after adjustment by the supercapacitor in real time, and calculates the difference between the two.

[0073] PID algorithm operation: Input the power difference into the PID controller. The specific analysis process is as follows:

[0074] The proportional link (P) outputs the adjustment amount immediately according to the current power difference to quickly reduce the deviation.

[0075] The integral link (I) accumulates historical power differences to eliminate static errors and ensure long-term compensation accuracy.

[0076] The differential link (D) predicts the deviation trend in advance based on the rate of change of the power difference and suppresses overshoot.

[0077] Converted into charging current command: The output of the PID controller is converted into the target charging current value of the lithium battery through the power-current conversion formula.

[0078] In this embodiment, the power-current conversion formula is: Among them, J represents the output power, U represents the current voltage of the lithium battery, and O represents the target charging current value of the lithium battery.

[0079] It's important to note that the PID algorithm is a feedback control strategy widely used in industrial control systems. It adjusts the control system's output to achieve the desired control effect through a combination of three basic steps: proportional (P), integral (I), and differential (D). The core of the PID algorithm lies in calculating the control output based on the current error, the accumulated past errors, and a prediction of future errors.

[0080] The present invention focuses on the monitoring and preprocessing of power fluctuations on the power generation side, collects key parameters, and accurately determines the risk of disturbance, thereby avoiding over-regulation or insufficient protection caused by misjudgment of a single indicator. For fluctuations that exceed the standard, the fast response characteristics of the supercapacitor are preferentially used to absorb instantaneous power jumps to ensure that the membrane is not subject to short-term impacts; at the same time, the power difference is compensated by the power prediction and PID control of the lithium battery, blocking the possibility of the next fluctuation exceeding the standard from the source. This "layered protection + predictive regulation" mode not only reduces the direct damage to the membrane caused by power shocks, but also avoids system regulation lag or saturation caused by accumulated fluctuations, building a solid first line of defense for the stable operation of the electrolyzer.

[0081] Analyze the electrolytic cell status indicators, generate electrolytic cell status labels, analyze the water content of the electrolytic cell proton exchange membrane, and adjust the electrolytic cell membrane humidity.

[0082] Furthermore, the electrolytic cell status indicators are analyzed. The specific analysis method is as follows:

[0083] Collect real-time status parameters of the electrolyzer, including the water decomposition efficiency of the electrolyzer, the temperature deviation of the proton exchange membrane, and the membrane humidity distribution variance of the proton exchange membrane.

[0084] Analyze the electrolytic cell status indicators based on the real-time status parameters of the electrolytic cell.

[0085] It should be noted that the water splitting efficiency of the electrolyzer is a core indicator for measuring the effectiveness of converting electrical energy into hydrogen energy during the electrolysis process. Within a reasonable range, the greater the water splitting efficiency of the electrolyzer, the higher the energy utilization rate of the electrolyzer, the more complete the reaction, and the better the corresponding electrolyzer status index. The proton exchange membrane temperature deviation value usually refers to the absolute value of the difference between the actual membrane temperature and the optimal operating temperature. The larger the proton exchange membrane temperature deviation value, the further the membrane temperature deviates from the ideal range, and the worse the electrolyzer status index. The membrane humidity distribution variance of the proton exchange membrane reflects the uniformity of the humidity on the surface of the proton exchange membrane. The larger the variance of the proton exchange membrane humidity distribution, the more uneven the humidity distribution on the membrane surface, resulting in reduced electrolysis efficiency and aggravated membrane stress fatigue. The larger the humidity distribution variance, the worse the electrolyzer status index.

[0086] It should be noted that the ionic conductivity of the proton exchange membrane is sensitive to temperature. When the temperature deviation increases, the ionic conductivity of the membrane decreases, resulting in an increase in the internal resistance of the electrolysis reaction, additional energy consumption, and a direct reduction in the water decomposition efficiency. Excessive humidity distribution variance will lead to an imbalance in the local conductivity of the membrane, uneven distribution of reaction rates on the membrane surface, and a decrease in the overall energy conversion efficiency. Excessive temperature deviation will aggravate the uneven humidity distribution. If the membrane temperature is too high, water in local areas will evaporate too quickly, easily forming dry areas. The greater the variance of the humidity distribution of the proton exchange membrane, the higher the humidity distribution variance.

[0087] It should be noted that the water splitting efficiency of the electrolyzer is calculated by measuring the input power and hydrogen production rate: Efficiency = (Theoretical Electric Energy Required for Hydrogen Production / Actual Electric Energy Input) × 100%. The theoretical electric energy required for hydrogen production can be calculated based on Faraday's law (2 × 96485°C of electricity per mole of H2). The actual hydrogen production rate can be directly measured using a gas flow meter. The proton exchange membrane temperature deviation is calculated by using distributed temperature sensors embedded in or attached to the surface of the proton exchange membrane. Temperature data at different locations on the membrane are collected in real time, and the average value is taken as the actual temperature. The deviation value = |Actual Temperature - Optimal Temperature|. The membrane humidity distribution variance of the proton exchange membrane is calculated by using a humidity sensor array to monitor humidity values ​​at multiple points on the membrane surface, forming a humidity distribution dataset, and calculating the variance of this dataset.

[0088] Extract the reference value of electrolyzer water splitting efficiency, the reference value of proton exchange membrane temperature deviation and the reference value of membrane humidity distribution variance of proton exchange membrane preset in the database.

[0089] Extract the electrolytic cell water splitting efficiency contribution coefficient, the proton exchange membrane temperature deviation contribution coefficient, and the proton exchange membrane humidity distribution variance contribution coefficient preset in the database.

[0090] It should be added that the value ranges of the electrolytic cell water decomposition efficiency contribution coefficient, the proton exchange membrane temperature deviation contribution coefficient and the proton exchange membrane membrane humidity distribution variance contribution coefficient are all 0 to 1, and the sum of the electrolytic cell water decomposition efficiency contribution coefficient, the proton exchange membrane temperature deviation contribution coefficient and the proton exchange membrane membrane humidity distribution variance contribution coefficient is 1. When used, the pre-set values ​​can be directly extracted from the database. The specific extraction method is, for example, to extract the electrolytic cell water decomposition efficiency, the proton exchange membrane temperature deviation and the proton exchange membrane membrane humidity distribution variance contribution coefficient. A one-to-one mapping set is constructed with the distribution variance and the corresponding electrolytic cell water decomposition efficiency contribution coefficient, proton exchange membrane temperature deviation value contribution coefficient and proton exchange membrane membrane humidity distribution variance contribution coefficient. When used, the real-time electrolytic cell water decomposition efficiency, proton exchange membrane temperature deviation value and proton exchange membrane membrane humidity distribution variance are input into the corresponding mapping set respectively, thereby extracting the electrolytic cell water decomposition efficiency contribution coefficient, proton exchange membrane temperature deviation value contribution coefficient and proton exchange membrane membrane humidity distribution variance contribution coefficient.

[0091] The electrolytic cell status index is a quantitative indicator of the real-time status of the electrolytic cell, which is jointly calculated by the electrolytic cell water decomposition efficiency, the proton exchange membrane temperature deviation value, and the membrane humidity distribution variance of the proton exchange membrane. The specific analysis process is as follows: the collected electrolytic cell water decomposition efficiency is compared with the corresponding reference value, and the reference values ​​corresponding to the proton exchange membrane temperature deviation value and the membrane humidity distribution variance of the proton exchange membrane are compared with the proton exchange membrane temperature deviation value and the membrane humidity distribution variance of the proton exchange membrane respectively. The comparison results are coupled with the corresponding contribution coefficients to obtain the electrolytic cell status index.

[0092] In this embodiment, the specific analysis method of the electrolytic cell status indicator is as follows:

[0093]

[0094] Wherein, G represents the electrolyzer state index, Z represents the electrolyzer water decomposition efficiency, Z0 represents the electrolyzer water decomposition efficiency reference value, b represents the electrolyzer water decomposition efficiency contribution coefficient, X represents the proton exchange membrane temperature deviation value, X0 represents the proton exchange membrane temperature deviation value reference value, n represents the proton exchange membrane temperature deviation value contribution coefficient, C represents the membrane humidity distribution variance of the proton exchange membrane, C0 represents the membrane humidity distribution variance reference value of the proton exchange membrane, and m represents the membrane humidity distribution variance contribution coefficient of the proton exchange membrane.

[0095] Furthermore, the humidity of the electrolytic cell membrane is adjusted. The specific analysis method is as follows:

[0096] Extract the preset electrolytic cell status indicator thresholds in the database.

[0097] If the electrolytic cell status index is greater than or equal to the electrolytic cell status index threshold, no adjustment is performed.

[0098] It should be noted that if the electrolytic cell status index is greater than or equal to the electrolytic cell status index threshold, it means that the water decomposition efficiency of the electrolytic cell is in a reasonable high-efficiency range, and the electrolytic cell has the ability to withstand certain power fluctuations, and there is no need to waste computing power for adjustment.

[0099] If the electrolytic cell state index is less than the electrolytic cell state index threshold, the electrolytic cell membrane humidity is adjusted. The specific adjustment process is as follows: subtract the electrolytic cell state index from the electrolytic cell state index threshold to obtain the electrolytic cell state index deviation value.

[0100] It should be noted that if the electrolytic cell status index is less than the electrolytic cell status index threshold, it means that the current operating state of the electrolytic cell has deviated from the ideal range, and the electrolytic cell's tolerance to external power fluctuations has weakened. If no adjustment is made, it may cause irreversible damage such as membrane damage and electrode loss.

[0101] The comprehensive correction coefficient of membrane humidity is obtained according to the deviation value of the electrolytic cell status index.

[0102] In this embodiment, the system pre-establishes the association rules between the electrolytic cell status index deviation value and the membrane humidity comprehensive correction coefficient. This rule is managed via a structured configuration file or parameter table. In actual application, the electrolytic cell status index deviation value is first calculated, and then the corresponding membrane humidity comprehensive correction coefficient is determined based on this electrolytic cell status index deviation value, thereby achieving a comprehensive membrane humidity correction coefficient for different deviation levels. Furthermore, the configuration of this comprehensive membrane humidity correction coefficient is continuously optimized based on historical data and expert experience to ensure its accuracy and rationality.

[0103] It should be noted that the larger the deviation value of the electrolytic cell status index, the greater the risk level of the electrolytic cell status, the more significant the deviation between the actual operating state of the electrolytic cell and the ideal state, and the larger the corresponding comprehensive correction coefficient of membrane humidity.

[0104] The water content of the membrane was obtained according to the intensity of the Raman characteristic peak.

[0105] It should be explained that the molecular vibration of water molecules will produce specific characteristic peaks in the Raman spectrum, and its wave number is usually located between 3200 and 3600 cm -1 When the proton exchange membrane contains water, the Raman characteristic peak in this interval will show intensity differences as the water content changes. The more water molecules in the membrane, the stronger the OH bond vibration signal, and the greater the intensity of the corresponding Raman characteristic peak. Conversely, the lower the water content, the weaker the characteristic peak intensity.

[0106] It should be noted that the proton exchange membrane samples with the water content in the previous cycle were selected, their Raman spectra were collected, the characteristic peak intensities were recorded and correlated with the corresponding water content, and the exponential function was used for nonlinear fitting, S = ke x + l, where S represents the water content of the proton exchange membrane, X represents the intensity of the target characteristic peak, and k and l are the equation parameters. The parameters are solved using a nonlinear least squares method, and then adjusted using an iterative algorithm to make the model more accurate, resulting in a quantitative relationship between the two. When measuring unknown samples, simply acquire their Raman spectra, extract the intensity of the target characteristic peak, and substitute it into the calibration curve to calculate the membrane water content.

[0107] If the membrane moisture content is greater than or equal to the moisture content threshold, no enhancement is required.

[0108] It's important to note that if the membrane water content is greater than or equal to the water content threshold, the membrane is sufficiently hydrated and maintains high ionic conductivity. Water molecules within the membrane act as a medium for proton transfer. When the water content meets the threshold, protons can migrate more smoothly within the membrane, reducing the internal resistance of the electrolysis reaction, helping to maintain high water splitting efficiency and improving the conversion of electrical energy into hydrogen energy.

[0109] If the membrane moisture content is less than the moisture content threshold and the membrane humidity distribution variance of the proton exchange membrane is less than the variance threshold, the feed water flow rate is increased based on the membrane humidity reference value and the membrane humidity comprehensive correction coefficient.

[0110] The current membrane humidity is collected as the membrane humidity reference value.

[0111] The feed water flow rate increase value is obtained by multiplying the membrane humidity baseline value by the membrane humidity comprehensive correction coefficient.

[0112] It should be noted that if the membrane moisture content is less than the moisture content threshold and the distribution variance is less than the variance threshold, it indicates that the proton exchange membrane is currently in a state of water shortage but uniform distribution. Insufficient moisture may lead to a decrease in ion conductivity and affect the electrolysis efficiency, but uniform humidity distribution means that there is no extreme case of local overdrying. Increasing the feed water flow rate can restore the moisture content to the threshold range while ensuring the uniformity of humidity distribution, thereby maintaining the high ion conductivity of the proton exchange membrane.

[0113] If the membrane moisture content is less than the moisture content threshold and the distribution variance is greater than or equal to the variance threshold, double adjustment is performed. The specific analysis process is as follows: the membrane moisture distribution variance is subtracted from the distribution variance threshold to obtain the membrane moisture distribution variance deviation value.

[0114] It's important to note that when the membrane moisture content is less than the moisture threshold and the distribution variance is greater than or equal to the variance threshold, the proton exchange membrane is dehydrated and the moisture distribution is uneven. This presents both an overall moisture shortage and the risk of localized overdrying. In this case, simply increasing the feed water flow rate significantly can exacerbate the uneven moisture distribution, necessitating a dual regulation strategy of global and precise water replenishment.

[0115] The flow rate increase ratio is obtained according to the membrane moisture distribution variance deviation value.

[0116] In this embodiment, the system pre-establishes a correlation rule between membrane moisture distribution variance deviation values ​​and flow rate increase ratios. This rule is managed via a structured configuration file or parameter table. In practice, the membrane moisture distribution variance deviation value is first calculated, and then the corresponding flow rate increase ratio is determined based on this deviation value, thereby achieving flow rate increase ratios for different deviation levels. Furthermore, this flow rate increase ratio configuration is continuously optimized based on historical data and expert experience to ensure the accuracy and rationality of the flow rate increase ratio.

[0117] It should be noted that the larger the deviation value of the membrane humidity distribution variance, the worse the humidity uniformity on the proton exchange membrane surface, indicating that the actual humidity distribution variance far exceeds the ideal threshold, and there is a significant local over-dry area on the membrane surface. The greater the increase in its flow rate, the greater the corresponding flow rate increase ratio.

[0118] First, the total feed water flow increase is obtained based on the feed water flow and the flow increase ratio, and the overall feed water flow is increased.

[0119] Then, the area with the largest variance in the membrane moisture distribution is located by Raman spectroscopy, and the branch water inlet valve corresponding to the area is controlled to direct the increase in the total water flow to the area according to the flow increase ratio.

[0120] It should be noted that the feed water flow rate and the flow rate increase ratio are first multiplied to obtain the total feed water flow rate increase, and the total feed water flow rate increase is added to the feed water flow rate as the overall feed water flow rate. Then, by controlling the branch water inlet valve in the area with the largest variance of the Raman spectrum scan, the total feed water flow rate increase is multiplied by the flow rate increase ratio to obtain the regional increased water flow rate, which is directionally transported to that area.

[0121] It should be explained that by performing multi-point scanning on the membrane surface, the characteristic peak intensity at different positions is obtained, which can be converted into local moisture content data, and then the humidity distribution variance is calculated. The area with the most significant difference in characteristic peak intensity is the area with the largest variance, corresponding to the position where the humidity distribution on the membrane surface is the most uneven. Using the established "Raman characteristic peak intensity-water content" exponential function model, the characteristic peak intensity of each sampling point is converted into the corresponding local moisture content value, and the average moisture content of all sampling points is calculated to perform sub-variance analysis on the local area: the scanned area is divided into several sub-areas, the humidity variance of each sub-area is calculated, and the area with the largest sub-variance is screened out.

[0122] The present invention monitors the electrolytic cell status in multiple dimensions, and its hierarchical adjustment strategy based on membrane moisture content and distribution variance is highly targeted: when the membrane is overall dry but evenly distributed, the total flow rate is optimized through a comprehensive correction coefficient; when there is localized dryness, a dual adjustment of total flow rate increase and targeted water replenishment is adopted, using Raman spectroscopy to locate the problem area and accurately distribute the flow rate, which not only solves the overall humidification demand but also overcomes the pain point of localized uneven humidity. This precise regional adjustment method not only ensures the ion conduction efficiency of the proton exchange membrane, but also reduces membrane aging or performance degradation caused by abnormal humidity. At the same time, it maintains the ideal thermal environment for the reaction through temperature deviation correction, indirectly improving the efficiency of the electrolytic cell.

[0123] refer to Figure 3The figure shows a load regulation strategy diagram for a wind, solar, hydrogen storage and charging multi-energy complementary coordinated control method provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The load change rate is first detected and judged. If the load change rate is greater than or equal to the upper limit of the change rate interval, the current load is temporarily maintained, and the power difference is absorbed by external energy storage, waiting for the fluctuation to stabilize. If the load change rate is within the change rate interval, load regulation is performed and the electrolyzer status is detected. If all meet the standards, the next level is entered. If any indicator does not meet the standards, the membrane humidity is first corrected and the load regulation is re-performed. After the adjustment, the electrolyzer status indicator is still not up to standard, and the humidity-temperature linkage regulation is initiated. If the load change rate is less than or equal to the lower limit of the change rate interval, no load regulation is performed.

[0124] Analyze the electrolytic cell load change rate, obtain the electrolytic cell load change rate adjustment information, determine the electrolytic cell load graded adjustment strategy, detect the electrolytic cell status indicators at intervals, and feedback the electrolytic cell membrane humidity adjustment signal.

[0125] Furthermore, the electrolytic cell load change rate adjustment information is obtained. The specific analysis method is as follows:

[0126] After collecting the real-time load data of the electrolytic cell, the load change rate is obtained.

[0127] It should be noted that real-time load data is usually collected through current sensors, power meters and other equipment, and the sampling frequency is determined by the response speed of the electrolyzer. Set the time window, take the initial load value and the end load value within the window as the calculation basis, and the load change rate calculation formula is: Where H is the load change rate, L t represents the end load value, L0 represents the initial load value, and Δt represents the time window length.

[0128] If the load change rate is greater than or equal to the upper limit of the load change rate interval, the current load is temporarily maintained, and the electrolyzer load change rate adjustment information is recorded as energy storage adjustment. The power difference is absorbed by the energy storage module, and the electrolyzer load is adjusted in stages after the fluctuation is smoothed.

[0129] It should be noted that if the load change rate is greater than or equal to the upper limit of the load change rate range, it means that the electrolyzer is facing severe power fluctuations. At this time, the power difference is absorbed or released through the energy storage module first, and the excess power is stored in the form of chemical energy by adjusting the charging current of the energy storage module. The energy storage buffer is used to gain adjustment time for the system to avoid the electrolyzer load following the fluctuation, and finally achieve a smooth transition of the load. After the system becomes stable, it returns to the hierarchical adjustment logic to balance the response speed and operation stability.

[0130] If the load change rate is within the load change rate range, the electrolytic cell load change rate adjustment information is recorded as electrolytic cell load graded adjustment.

[0131] It should be noted that the proton exchange membrane is sensitive to changes in humidity and temperature. If the feed water flow rate or load power suddenly increases or decreases, the moisture distribution in the membrane will be instantly unbalanced, destroying the ion conduction environment and even causing membrane stress damage. Graded adjustment can make the membrane humidity slowly approach the target value and reduce the risk of exceeding the humidity distribution variance. Therefore, the electrolytic cell load change rate adjustment information is recorded as electrolytic cell load graded adjustment.

[0132] If the load change rate is less than or equal to the lower limit of the load change rate range, no load adjustment is performed.

[0133] It should be noted that if the load change rate is less than or equal to the lower limit of the change rate range, it means that the reaction hysteresis of the electrolytic cell itself can be used for natural buffering, and core parameters such as membrane moisture content and humidity distribution variance can be maintained within a safe range and do not need to be adjusted. The ion conduction environment in the membrane is stable, and the risk of local over-humidity or over-dryness is low, and the electrolysis reaction is always in a stable state.

[0134] Furthermore, the electrolytic cell load classification adjustment strategy is determined. The specific analysis method is as follows:

[0135] The single load regulation deviation ratio is determined according to the load change rate and the lower limit of the load change rate interval.

[0136] It should be noted that the load change rate deviation value is obtained by subtracting the load change rate interval lower limit from the load change rate.

[0137] In this embodiment, the system pre-establishes the association rules between the load change rate deviation value and the single load adjustment deviation ratio. This rule is managed via a structured configuration file or parameter table. In actual application, the load change rate deviation value is first calculated, and then the corresponding single load adjustment deviation ratio is determined based on this deviation value, thereby achieving single load adjustment deviation ratios for different deviation levels. Furthermore, this single load adjustment deviation ratio configuration is continuously optimized based on historical data and expert experience to ensure the accuracy and rationality of the single load adjustment deviation ratio.

[0138] It should be noted that the larger the load change rate deviation value, the worse the dynamic stability of the electrolyzer load, the more significant the impact on the system adjustment logic, the more severe the stress fluctuation of the proton exchange membrane, the greater the adjustment force, and the greater the single load adjustment deviation ratio.

[0139] A load change rate adjustment value is obtained based on a ratio of the load change rate to a single load adjustment deviation.

[0140] It should be noted that the load change rate adjustment value is obtained by multiplying the load change rate by the single load adjustment deviation ratio.

[0141] The detection interval duration and the adjustment limit times are determined according to the single load adjustment deviation ratio.

[0142] In this embodiment, the system pre-establishes a correlation rule between the single load adjustment deviation ratio and the detection interval duration. This rule is managed via a structured configuration file or parameter table. In practice, the single load adjustment deviation ratio is first calculated, and then the corresponding detection interval duration is determined based on this deviation value, thereby achieving detection interval durations tailored to different deviation levels. Furthermore, this detection interval configuration is continuously optimized based on historical data and expert experience to ensure the accuracy and rationality of the detection interval duration.

[0143] In this embodiment, the system pre-establishes a rule linking the single-load adjustment deviation ratio and the adjustment limit. This rule is managed via a structured configuration file or parameter table. In practice, the single-load adjustment deviation ratio is first calculated, and then the corresponding adjustment limit is determined based on this deviation ratio, thereby achieving adjustment limits tailored to different deviation levels. Furthermore, this adjustment limit configuration is continuously optimized based on historical data and expert experience to ensure the accuracy and rationality of the adjustment limit.

[0144] It should be noted that the larger the single load adjustment deviation ratio is, the greater the load change rate is, the greater the adjustment effort is, and the more serious the attention is. The shorter the detection interval is, the greater the number of adjustment limits is.

[0145] The real-time status of the electrolytic cell is detected based on the detection interval. If all the conditions are met, the next level of load regulation is entered.

[0146] It should be noted that when monitoring the real-time status of the electrolytic cell, if all the indicators meet the standards, it indicates that the electrolytic cell status indicators have reached the threshold, the ion conduction environment in the membrane is good, protons can migrate smoothly, and the reaction rates in each area are balanced. This allows the electrolytic cell to cope well with possible fluctuations, keeping it in the best working condition at all times, and providing favorable conditions for further load adjustment and improving production efficiency.

[0147] It should be noted that the real-time status of the electrolyzer indicates the water decomposition efficiency of the electrolyzer, the temperature deviation of the proton exchange membrane, and the humidity distribution variance of the proton exchange membrane. If all of them meet the standards, it means that the three parameters of the electrolyzer status have reached the ideal reference values. At this time, it means that the electrolyzer status indicators are excellent and the electrolyzer status is very good.

[0148] If any indicator does not meet the standard, first correct the membrane humidity and then readjust the load after correction.

[0149] It should be noted that if any indicator does not meet the standard, it means that one of the three parameters of the electrolytic cell status indicators, namely the electrolytic cell water decomposition efficiency, the proton exchange membrane temperature deviation and the proton exchange membrane humidity distribution variance, has not reached the ideal reference value. At this time, it is necessary to consider membrane humidity adjustment to adjust the electrolytic cell status and meet the electrolytic cell load adjustment basis by improving the electrolytic cell status.

[0150] It should be noted that if any indicator does not meet the standard, it means that the electrolytic cell status indicator has not reached the threshold, the ion conduction environment in the membrane is not good, and the membrane humidity distribution is uneven. Even if the load is forcibly adjusted, it will cause an imbalance in the local reaction rate, thereby aggravating the deviation of other indicators. Therefore, it is necessary to correct the membrane humidity first to avoid a vicious cycle of load fluctuations and deterioration of the membrane status.

[0151] If the electrolytic cell state index is still less than the electrolytic cell state index threshold after exceeding the adjustment limit times, an electrolytic cell load temperature-humidity linkage adjustment signal is generated.

[0152] It should be noted that if the electrolytic cell status index is still less than the electrolytic cell status index threshold after exceeding the adjustment limit times, it means that the single-dimensional adjustment may fail due to the coupling limitation between parameters. The long-term failure of the electrolytic cell status index to meet the standard may not be simply due to insufficient water replenishment, but rather excessive load resulting in excessive local reaction heat, which accelerates water evaporation. It is necessary to break the rigid balance of the system through coordinated intervention of multiple parameters, and thus generate an electrolytic cell load temperature-humidity linkage adjustment signal.

[0153] Determine the electrolytic cell load linkage adjustment demand information, and when the electrolytic cell load linkage adjustment demand information is demand adjustment, perform electrolytic cell load temperature-humidity linkage adjustment.

[0154] It should be noted that if the electrolytic cell receives the electrolytic cell load temperature-humidity linkage adjustment signal, the electrolytic cell load linkage adjustment demand information is recorded as demand adjustment; if the electrolytic cell does not receive the electrolytic cell load temperature-humidity linkage adjustment signal, the electrolytic cell load linkage adjustment demand information is recorded as no adjustment required.

[0155] Furthermore, the electrolytic cell load temperature-humidity linkage adjustment is carried out. The specific analysis method is as follows:

[0156] The load adjustment ratio is determined according to the deviation value between the electrolytic cell state index and the electrolytic cell state index threshold.

[0157] It should be noted that the electrolytic cell state index threshold is subtracted from the electrolytic cell state index to obtain the electrolytic cell real-time state index deviation value.

[0158] In this embodiment, the system pre-establishes the association rules between the deviation value of the electrolytic cell's real-time status indicator and the load adjustment ratio. This rule is managed via a structured configuration file or parameter table. In actual application, the deviation value of the electrolytic cell's real-time status indicator is first calculated, and then the corresponding load adjustment ratio is determined based on this deviation value, thereby achieving load adjustment ratios for different deviation levels. Furthermore, this load adjustment ratio configuration is continuously optimized based on historical data and expert experience to ensure the accuracy and rationality of the load adjustment ratio.

[0159] It should be noted that the greater the deviation value of the electrolytic cell real-time status indicator, the greater the deviation between the electrolytic cell status indicator and the ideal state after the membrane humidity is adjusted, the greater the degree of adjustment required, and the corresponding load adjustment ratio.

[0160] Reduce the regulation step size to the load regulation value obtained by the load change rate and the load regulation ratio.

[0161] It should be noted that the load regulation value is obtained by multiplying the load change rate and the load regulation ratio.

[0162] Start humidity-temperature linkage adjustment, extract temperature increase value and flow increase value according to load adjustment ratio, and complete temperature-humidity linkage adjustment based on current temperature and current water inlet flow, temperature increase value and flow increase value respectively.

[0163] In this embodiment, the system pre-sets the corresponding rules between the load adjustment ratio and the temperature increase value and flow increase value. These rules are uniformly managed through a structured configuration file or parameter table. During actual operation, the specific load adjustment ratio is first calculated, and then the corresponding temperature increase value and flow increase value are found from the rules based on this ratio. For different degrees of deviation, the corresponding temperature increase and flow increase range are matched. At the same time, the configuration of the temperature increase value and flow increase value is not fixed, but will be continuously optimized in combination with past operating data and the practical experience of experts to ensure that the setting of the temperature increase value and flow increase value is both accurate and reasonable.

[0164] It should be noted that the larger the load adjustment ratio, the worse the electrolytic cell condition, the greater the degree of linkage adjustment, and the greater the corresponding temperature increase and flow rate increase.

[0165] It should be noted that the linkage adjustment temperature value is obtained by adding the current temperature and the temperature increase value, and the linkage adjustment water inlet flow value is obtained by adding the current water inlet flow and the flow increase value.

[0166] The length of the detection cycle is determined according to the deviation between the electrolytic cell status index and the electrolytic cell status index threshold. The status is detected once per cycle until the index is qualified and the normal adjustment rhythm is restored.

[0167] It should be noted that the electrolytic cell state index deviation value is obtained by subtracting the electrolytic cell state index threshold from the re-detected electrolytic cell state index, and is recorded as the electrolytic cell state index adjustment deviation value.

[0168] In this embodiment, the system pre-sets the corresponding rules between the electrolytic cell status indicator adjustment deviation value and the detection cycle length. These rules are uniformly managed through a structured configuration file or parameter table. During actual operation, the specific electrolytic cell status indicator adjustment deviation value is first calculated, and then the corresponding detection cycle length is found from the rules based on this ratio. For different degrees of deviation, the corresponding detection cycle length is matched. At the same time, the configuration of the detection cycle length is not fixed, but will be continuously optimized in combination with past operating data and the practical experience of experts to ensure that the setting of the detection cycle length is both accurate and reasonable.

[0169] It should be noted that the larger the adjustment deviation value of the electrolytic cell status index, the greater the deviation between the electrolytic cell status and the ideal state, the greater the degree of attention required, the greater the frequency of detection, and the shorter the corresponding detection cycle.

[0170] It's important to note that the system monitors the electrolytic cell's status based on the length of the test cycle, evaluating each indicator for compliance after each test cycle. The test cycle continues until all indicators meet the required standards, ensuring real-time monitoring of status changes. Once all indicators meet the required standards, the system terminates the current high-frequency testing cycle and returns to the normal regulation rhythm of normal operation, operating according to the pre-set regular test intervals and regulation logic, achieving a smooth transition from targeted adjustments to regular management.

[0171] The present invention adjusts the load change rate in stages. For drastic load changes exceeding the upper limit, the power difference is buffered by external energy storage to prevent the electrolytic cell from being directly impacted. After the fluctuations are stabilized, the gradient adjustment is performed, thereby reducing the instantaneous stress of the membrane. For smooth changes within the interval, the deviation ratio + detection interval linkage mechanism is gradually optimized. Each step of adjustment is based on the premise that the state meets the standard to ensure that the adjustment effect can be verified. For abnormal situations, the correction is accelerated by reducing the step size and starting the temperature and humidity linkage adjustment to avoid small problems accumulating into major faults. Minor changes below the lower limit are not adjusted, which reduces invalid operations and energy consumption. This logic of hierarchical response and dynamic upgrading not only ensures the safety of load regulation, but also improves the system's adaptability to complex working conditions, and ultimately achieves the coordinated stability of load and membrane state.

[0172] The embodiment of the present invention provides Figure 2The structural schematic diagram of a wind, solar, storage and charging multi-energy complementary integrated system is shown. The system includes: a wind, solar, storage and charging integrated module, which is used to convert solar energy and wind energy into electrical energy to provide main power, including a wind and solar power generation module, an energy storage module, a hydrogen production module and a charging module.

[0173] Among them, the wind and solar power generation module is used to convert wind energy or solar energy into electrical energy through wind power generation devices and photovoltaic power generation devices. The energy storage module mainly undertakes the function of short-term electrical energy storage and release. The core of the hydrogen production module is the electrolyzer, which consumes electrical energy to decompose water into hydrogen and oxygen. The charging module is mainly composed of charging piles and other equipment to provide charging services for loads such as electric vehicles.

[0174] The control and regulation module is used to regulate and control each module in the system to ensure system stability. The wind, solar, hydrogen storage and charging multi-energy complementary coordinated control method described in this embodiment is implemented through this module.

[0175] The communication management module is used to coordinate the communication collaboration of various modules.

[0176] The energy management module is used to coordinate the power flow of various power production and utilization modules.

[0177] The present invention achieves precise management of the entire working condition of the electrolyzer through a three-step coordinated closed-loop control logic. From the source protection of power fluctuations on the power generation side, to the dynamic correction of the electrolyzer's own state, and then to the hierarchical adjustment of load changes, a complete chain of "prevention-response-optimization" is formed. Its core value lies in the fact that through the linkage of multiple parameters, it not only minimizes the risk of damage to the proton exchange membrane, but also ensures the efficient and stable operation of the electrolyzer. At the same time, it reduces invalid adjustments through the hierarchical and dynamic correction mechanism, takes into account equipment life, operating efficiency and energy consumption control, and provides a reliable solution for electrolyzer management under complex working conditions.

[0178] See Figure 4 The figure shows a conceptual diagram of a wind-solar-hydrogen storage and charging multi-energy complementary integrated system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0179] First, the wind, solar, storage and charging hydrogen module is used to convert solar energy and wind energy into electrical energy to provide the main power. Then, a wind, solar, storage and charging hydrogen multi-energy complementary collaborative control method is realized through the control and regulation module. Then, the communication management module is used to realize the communication coordination of each module. Finally, the energy management module is used to coordinate the power flow of wind power, photovoltaics, energy storage, electrolyzers, fuel cells, charging piles and loads.

[0180] The above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part through software, hardware (such as circuits), firmware, or any other combination. When implemented using software, the above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. A computer program product includes one or more computer instructions or computer programs. When the computer instructions or computer program are loaded or executed on a computer, the process or function according to the embodiments of the present invention is generated in whole or in part. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. Computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via a wired method (such as infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.). The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server or data center that contains a collection of one or more available media. The available media can be magnetic media (such as floppy disks, hard disks, tapes), optical media (such as DVDs), or semiconductor media. The semiconductor media can be a solid-state drive.

[0181] It should be understood that the term "and / or" as used herein simply describes a relationship between associated objects, indicating that three possible relationships exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent: A alone, A and B together, or B alone. A and B can be singular or plural. Furthermore, the character " / " as used herein generally indicates an "or" relationship between the associated objects, but it may also indicate an "and / or" relationship. For specific understanding, please refer to the context.

[0182] In this disclosure, "at least one" means one or more, and "plurality" means two or more. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, "at least one of a, b, or c" can mean: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, and c can be single or plural.

[0183] It should be understood that in various embodiments of the present invention, the size of the serial numbers of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0184] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professionals and technicians can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of the present invention.

[0185] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the above-described equipment, devices and units can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0186] In the several embodiments provided by the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed devices, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of units is merely a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another device, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, and can be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0187] Units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of these units may be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0188] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

[0189] If the function is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or the part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of each embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk or optical disk, and other media that can store program codes.

[0190] The above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A wind-solar-hydrogen storage and charging multi-energy complementary coordinated control method, characterized in that: The method comprises: Analyze the output power fluctuation index of each power generation side, including wind power generation side and photovoltaic power generation side, and generate the output power fluctuation label of each power generation side. Based on this, the energy storage compensation adjustment strategy is determined, and the energy storage output is synchronously adjusted to ensure the stability of the electrolyzer input power. Analyze the electrolytic cell status indicators, generate electrolytic cell status labels, analyze the water content of the electrolytic cell proton exchange membrane, and adjust the electrolytic cell membrane humidity; Analyze the electrolytic cell load change rate, obtain the electrolytic cell load change rate adjustment information, determine the electrolytic cell load classification adjustment strategy, periodically detect the electrolytic cell status indicators, and feedback the electrolytic cell membrane humidity adjustment signal; Determine the electrolytic cell load linkage adjustment demand information, and when the electrolytic cell load linkage adjustment demand information is demand adjustment, perform electrolytic cell load temperature-humidity linkage adjustment.

2. A wind-solar-hydrogen storage and charging multi-energy complementary coordinated control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific analysis method for analyzing the output power fluctuation index of each power generation side is as follows: Collect the output power fluctuation parameters of each power generation side, including the fluctuation amplitude, fluctuation duration and fluctuation frequency of the output power of each power generation side; Analyze the output power fluctuation index of each power generation side based on the output power fluctuation parameters of each power generation side; The output power fluctuation index of each power generation side is a quantitative index of the output power fluctuation of each power generation side, which is a combination of the fluctuation amplitude, fluctuation duration and fluctuation frequency of the output power of each power generation side. The specific analysis process is as follows: the collected fluctuation amplitude, fluctuation duration and fluctuation frequency are compared with the corresponding reference values ​​respectively, and each comparison processing result is coupled with the corresponding contribution coefficient to obtain the output power fluctuation index of each power generation side.

3. The wind-solar-hydrogen storage and charging multi-energy complementary coordinated control method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific analysis method for generating the output power fluctuation label of each power generation side is as follows: Extract the output power fluctuation index threshold of each power generation side; If the output power fluctuation index of a certain generation side is greater than or equal to the corresponding generation side output power fluctuation index threshold, the output power fluctuation label of the corresponding generation side is marked as an obvious label; If the output power fluctuation index of a certain power generation side is less than the output power fluctuation index threshold of the corresponding power generation side, the output power fluctuation label of the corresponding power generation side is recorded as an inconspicuous label.

4. The wind-solar-hydrogen storage and charging multi-energy complementary coordinated control method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific analysis method for determining the energy storage compensation adjustment strategy is as follows: If the output power fluctuation label on the wind power generation side is an obvious label or the output power fluctuation label on the photovoltaic power generation side is an obvious label, energy storage compensation adjustment is performed; If the output power fluctuation labels on both the wind power generation side and the photovoltaic power generation side are obvious, an early warning message is generated; The specific analysis process of energy storage compensation adjustment is as follows: the absorption time of the supercapacitor is determined based on the deviation value between the output power fluctuation index of the power generation side and the corresponding output power fluctuation index threshold of the power generation side; Use power prediction model to regulate lithium battery output; Based on the absorption time of the supercapacitor, the supercapacitor is started to absorb the power jump first; PID closed-loop control is used simultaneously to achieve power difference compensation and adjust the lithium battery charging current.

5. The wind-solar-hydrogen storage and charging multi-energy complementary coordinated control method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific analysis method for analyzing the electrolytic cell status index is as follows: Collecting real-time status parameters of the electrolyzer, including the water decomposition efficiency of the electrolyzer, the temperature deviation of the proton exchange membrane, and the membrane humidity distribution variance of the proton exchange membrane; Analyze the status indicators of the electrolytic cell based on the real-time status parameters of the electrolytic cell; The electrolytic cell status index is a quantitative indicator of the real-time status of the electrolytic cell, which is jointly determined by the electrolytic cell water decomposition efficiency, the proton exchange membrane temperature deviation value, and the membrane humidity distribution variance of the proton exchange membrane. The specific analysis process is as follows: the collected electrolytic cell water decomposition efficiency is compared with the corresponding reference value, and the reference values ​​corresponding to the proton exchange membrane temperature deviation value and the membrane humidity distribution variance of the proton exchange membrane are compared with the proton exchange membrane temperature deviation value and the membrane humidity distribution variance of the proton exchange membrane respectively. The results of each comparison are coupled with the corresponding contribution coefficient to obtain the electrolytic cell status index.

6. A wind-solar-hydrogen storage and charging multi-energy complementary coordinated control method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The electrolytic cell membrane humidity adjustment is performed, and the specific analysis method is as follows: Extracting the electrolytic cell status indicator thresholds preset in the database; If the electrolytic cell status index is greater than or equal to the electrolytic cell status index threshold, no adjustment is performed; If the electrolytic cell state index is less than the electrolytic cell state index threshold, the electrolytic cell membrane humidity is adjusted. The specific adjustment process is as follows: subtract the electrolytic cell state index from the electrolytic cell state index threshold to obtain the electrolytic cell state index deviation value; The comprehensive correction coefficient of membrane humidity is obtained according to the deviation value of electrolytic cell status index; The water content of the membrane was obtained according to the intensity of the Raman characteristic peak; If the membrane moisture content is greater than or equal to the moisture content threshold, no enhancement is required; If the membrane moisture content is less than the moisture content threshold and the distribution variance is less than the variance threshold, the feed water flow rate is increased based on the membrane humidity reference value and the membrane humidity comprehensive correction coefficient; If the membrane moisture content is less than the moisture content threshold and the distribution variance is greater than or equal to the variance threshold, double adjustment is performed, and the specific analysis process is as follows: the membrane moisture distribution variance is subtracted from the distribution variance threshold to obtain the membrane moisture distribution variance deviation value; The flow rate increase ratio is obtained according to the variance deviation value of the membrane moisture distribution; First, the total feed water flow increase is obtained based on the feed water flow rate and the flow increase ratio, and the overall feed water flow rate is increased; Then, the area with the largest variance in the membrane moisture distribution is located by Raman spectroscopy, and the branch water inlet valve corresponding to the area is controlled to direct the increase in the total water flow to the area according to the flow increase ratio.

7. The wind-solar-hydrogen storage and charging multi-energy complementary coordinated control method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific analysis method for obtaining the electrolytic cell load change rate adjustment information is as follows: After collecting the real-time load data of the electrolytic cell, the load change rate is obtained; If the load change rate is greater than or equal to the upper limit of the load change rate interval, the current load is temporarily maintained, and the electrolyzer load change rate adjustment information is recorded as energy storage adjustment. The power difference is absorbed by the energy storage module, and the electrolyzer load is adjusted according to the grade after the fluctuation is stabilized; If the load change rate is within the load change rate range, the electrolytic cell load change rate adjustment information is recorded as electrolytic cell load graded adjustment; If the load change rate is less than or equal to the lower limit of the load change rate range, no load adjustment is performed.

8. The wind-solar-hydrogen storage and charging multi-energy complementary coordinated control method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific analysis method for determining the electrolytic cell load classification adjustment strategy is as follows: Determine the single load adjustment deviation ratio according to the load change rate and the lower limit of the load change rate interval; A load change rate adjustment value is obtained based on a ratio of the load change rate to a single load adjustment deviation; Determine the detection interval duration and the number of adjustment limits based on the single load adjustment deviation ratio; The real-time status of the electrolytic cell is detected based on the detection interval. If all the conditions are met, the next level of load regulation is entered. If any indicator does not meet the standard, first correct the membrane humidity and then readjust the load; If the electrolytic cell state index is still less than the electrolytic cell state index threshold after exceeding the adjustment limit times, an electrolytic cell load temperature-humidity linkage adjustment signal is generated.

9. The wind-solar-hydrogen storage and charging multi-energy complementary coordinated control method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific analysis method for the electrolytic cell load temperature-humidity linkage adjustment is as follows: Determine the load adjustment ratio according to the deviation between the real-time status indicator of the electrolytic cell and the threshold value of the real-time status indicator of the electrolytic cell; Reduce the regulation step to the load regulation value obtained by the load change rate and the load regulation ratio; Start humidity-temperature linkage adjustment, extract temperature increase value and flow increase value according to load adjustment ratio, and complete temperature-humidity linkage adjustment based on current temperature and current water inlet flow, temperature increase value and flow increase value respectively; The length of the detection cycle is determined according to the deviation between the electrolytic cell status index and the electrolytic cell status index threshold. The status is detected once per cycle until the index is qualified and the normal adjustment rhythm is restored.

10. A wind-solar-hydrogen storage and charging multi-energy complementary integrated system, wherein the wind-solar-hydrogen storage and charging multi-energy complementary integrated system is used to implement the wind-solar-hydrogen storage and charging multi-energy complementary coordinated control method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The system includes: a wind-solar-hydrogen storage and charging integrated module, a control and regulation module, a communication management module and an energy management module; The wind-solar-hydrogen storage and charging integrated module is used to convert solar energy and wind energy into electrical energy to provide main power, and includes a wind-solar power generation module, an energy storage module, a hydrogen production module and a charging module; The control and adjustment module is used to adjust and control each module in the system to ensure system stability; The communication management module is used to coordinate the communication coordination of each module; The energy management module is used to coordinate the power flow of each electric energy production and utilization module.

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