Method for improving plant root soil ecological structure

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a method for improving a plant root system soil ecological structure, which comprises the following steps: sequentially forming pits around a plant root system every two years, putting water and fertilizer pipes into the pits, and filling fillers around the water and fertilizer pipes to form filler rings, then soil covers the upper portion of the filler ring to form a soil layer, the upper end of the water and fertilizer pipe is arranged to be higher than the soil layer, and filler comprises wood chips and turf; during fertilization and irrigation, water and fertilizer permeate into soil around the root system of the root system plant from the water and fertilizer pipe, by means of the method, the ventilation volume around the root system of the plant can be increased, it is guaranteed that the root system of the plant can normally conduct aerobic respiration, and water and nutrients can be continuously provided for the root system of the plant; the water and fertilizer utilization rate of plants is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a method for improving the ecological structure of plant root soil. Background Art

[0002] Plants grow in the soil, and oxygen, fertilizer, and water need to be balanced. Traditional surface flooding not only wastes water resources, but also prevents the moisture around the roots from returning to normal humidity in time after watering. Excessive moisture makes the soil near the roots of the plants sticky, further reducing the aeration of the soil. The oxygen content in the soil decreases, causing the roots of the plants to be short of oxygen, and the aerobic respiration of the roots cannot proceed normally. When the roots perform anaerobic respiration, harmful substances such as alcohol are produced to poison the roots, leading to root rot. If the soil near the roots of the plants is loosened, the workload is large and the effect is difficult to maintain.

[0003] In order to improve the utilization rate of water resources, drip irrigation is gradually adopted during the planting process. Drip irrigation can improve the utilization rate of water resources, but the laying of drip tapes hinders weeding, and weeding work is more cumbersome; laying mulch in the field can effectively reduce the growth of weeds, but after laying the mulch, the gas exchange between the soil and the outside world is hindered, causing the soil to become compacted, affecting rooting.

[0004] Therefore, how to improve the soil ecological structure while increasing the water utilization rate of plants is a problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a method for improving the ecological structure of the soil around the plant roots, which can increase the ventilation around the plant roots, ensure that the plant roots can carry out normal aerobic respiration, and continuously provide water and nutrients to the plant roots, effectively improving the plant's utilization rate of water and fertilizer.

[0006] A method for improving the ecological structure of plant root soil comprises the following steps:

[0007] Pits are opened around the root system of the plant at intervals of one to three years, water and fertilizer pipes are placed in the pits, and fillers are filled around the water and fertilizer pipes to form a filler ring. Then soil is covered on the filler ring to form a soil layer. The upper end of the water and fertilizer pipe is set higher than the soil layer. The filler includes sawdust and peat; the lower end of the water and fertilizer pipe is provided with a water outlet. When fertilizing and irrigation, water and fertilizer penetrate into the soil around the root system of the root plant through the water and fertilizer pipe.

[0008] The sawdust is fermented sawdust.

[0009] The ratio of the peat to the wood chips is 1:(1-2).

[0010] The wall thickness of the packing ring is 8-24 cm.

[0011] The thickness of the soil layer is 8-12 cm.

[0012] Preferably, pits are opened around the root systems of the plants every two years. The plants are grape plants, and the spacing between two adjacent plants in the planting belt is 1.5-2m. The order of opening the pits includes: opening pits in the middle of the spacing to improve the soil ecological structure in the first year, opening pits near one end of the spacing in the third year, and opening pits at the other end of the spacing in the fifth year.

[0013] The order of opening the pits also includes: after the fifth step, opening pits in sequence on the soil in front of and behind the plants in the planting belt to improve the soil ecological structure.

[0014] The depth of the pit is greater than or equal to 100 cm, and the diameter of the pit is 50-70 cm.

[0015] A sponge column and a pressing rod are provided in the water and fertilizer pipe. The height of the sponge column is lower than the top of the filler ring. The pressing rod is detachably provided in the water and fertilizer pipe. Water outlet holes are provided at the lower end of the water and fertilizer pipe and above the sponge column.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0017] The present invention gradually opens pits around the plant roots, and places water and fertilizer pipes in the pits. The water and fertilizer pipes are filled with a mixture of peat and sawdust around the pipes. The filler forms a filling ring on the water and fertilizer pipe. The filling ring has a loose texture, which improves the ventilation around the plant roots and ensures sufficient oxygen around the plant roots.

[0018] Water and fertilizer are directly delivered into the soil through the water and fertilizer pipe. Part of the water and fertilizer seeps into the soil near the plant roots for root absorption, while the other part is absorbed and retained by the filler ring and slowly released into the surrounding soil, thus preventing the plant roots from being in an environment of high water and fertilizer and causing root rot. The slow release of water and fertilizer can provide water and fertilizer to the plant roots for a long time, effectively improving the utilization rate of water and fertilizer by the plant roots.

[0019] The order of digging pits should start from the middle position between the two plants. This can simultaneously improve the soil environment around the roots of the two adjacent grape plants, and water and fertilizer can be evenly spread to the plants on both sides, so that the two plants grow in a balanced manner.

[0020] Digging pits every two years not only reduces the annual workload of the staff, but also reduces the impact on the root system of the plants, giving the roots enough time to recover and adapt, which has a smaller impact on the plants and ensures that the plants grow normally and bear fruit. On the other hand, digging pits every two years for improvement can improve the soil in stages, allowing the original microorganisms in the soil to gradually adapt to the new environment, which is more conducive to the stability of the soil ecology and promotes soil nutrient circulation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the steps of digging pits in sequence every two years in Example 1;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the water and fertilizer pipe and the packing ring;

[0023] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a water and fertilizer pipe with a circular hole;

[0024] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of a water and fertilizer pipe with long holes;

[0025] In the attached figure, 1, water and fertilizer pipe, 2, filler ring, 3, soil layer, 4, sponge column, 5, pressing rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0027] Example 1: This example uses grapes as the planting plants, with a row spacing of 1.5m*3.0m, and the variety is summer black grape. The present invention relates to a method for improving the soil ecological structure of the plant root system, comprising the following steps:

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, pits with a diameter of about 60 cm are dug around the roots of the grape plants every two years, and water and fertilizer pipes 1 are inserted into the pits so that the water and fertilizer pipes 1 are located in the middle of the pits; fillers are filled around the water and fertilizer pipes 1 in the pits to form a filler ring 2, and then soil is covered on the filler ring 2 to form a soil layer 3, and the upper end of the water and fertilizer pipe 1 is cantilevered outward through the soil layer 3; digging pits every two years can reduce the area of ​​a single pit digging, reduce damage to the root system of the plant, and prevent the plant from collapsing or shaking, and the filler rings 2 in the intervals are used as slow-release water and fertilizer storage rings. Water and fertilizer irrigation is carried out into the filler rings 2 with the help of the water and fertilizer pipes 1, and the filler rings 2 slowly release water and nutrients to the surrounding soil, preventing the plant roots from being in a high-fertilizer and high-water environment as a whole, avoiding root rot, and achieving long-term water and fertilizer supply with one irrigation, reducing the irrigation workload while improving the absorption effect of the plant roots on water and fertilizer.

[0029] The filler is a mixture of sawdust and peat; the lower end of the water and fertilizer pipe 1 is provided with a group of water outlet holes, which make the lower end of the water and fertilizer pipe 1 have a mesh structure. When fertilizing and irrigating, water and fertilizer penetrate from the water and fertilizer pipe 1 into the soil around the root system of the root plant. Figure 3 、 Figure 4 As shown, the water outlet hole is a round hole or a long hole. In this embodiment, the water outlet hole on the water and fertilizer pipe 1 is preferably a round hole.

[0030] In this embodiment, the ratio of peat to sawdust is 1:1, and the wall thickness of the packing ring 2 is preferably 22 cm.

[0031] Peat has extremely strong water absorption and can quickly absorb and retain large amounts of water. Peat stores water and slowly releases it to the soil, preventing the soil where the plant roots are located from being too wet and causing suffocation of the plant roots. The peat has large pores and can provide oxygen near the roots. Sawdust has excellent air permeability and strong moisture absorption and water retention, which can provide the required air and water for the plant roots. The sawdust is fermented sawdust, which uses fermentation to decompose lignin and other organic matter in the sawdust, making the sawdust softer, which is conducive to the decomposition and utilization of microorganisms, and at the same time improving the sawdust's ability to absorb water and nutrients. Sawdust and peat are mixed together, and the mixed texture is loose, breathable, and has strong water retention capacity. The filler ring 2 formed by the sawdust and peat is covered with a soil layer 3, which effectively improves the air permeability near the plant roots, allowing outside air to enter the filler ring 2 to provide oxygen for the plant roots, while reducing the evaporation of water stored in the filler ring 2 and preventing the sawdust or peat from being blown away by the wind and causing waste.

[0032] During fertilization and irrigation, water and fertilizer are added into the water and fertilizer pipe 1 from the upper end of the water and fertilizer pipe 1, and the water and fertilizer seep out from the water outlet on the water and fertilizer pipe 1 and penetrate into the filler ring 2 and the soil outside the filler ring 2, and are stored in the soil and the filler ring 2 to provide nutrients and water for the root system. The filler ring 2 has a strong water absorption capacity and can absorb and store excess water and fertilizer around the roots. The filler ring 2 forms a slow-release water and fertilizer storage ring. The moisture in the soil between the filler rings 2 and the soil between the filler rings 2 and the main roots of the plant root system is reduced, preventing the air in the soil from being squeezed out, ensuring that the roots of the plant can obtain enough oxygen for breathing, and avoiding root rot; when the moisture in the soil is reduced, the moisture in the filler ring 2 is slowly released to the soil, achieving the effect of one-time fertilization and long-term moisturizing, continuously and slowly providing water and nutrients to the plant root system, so that the plant root system can fully absorb water and fertilizer, and effectively improve the plant's utilization rate of water and fertilizer.

[0033] In this embodiment, the depth of the pit is 100 cm, and the thickness of the soil layer 3 is 8-12 cm, which is used to dredge and improve the soil around and below the root system, making the soil loose and facilitating the downward growth of the root system.

[0034] Further, such asFigure 2 As shown, a sponge column 4 and a pressing rod 5 are provided in the water and fertilizer pipe 1. The height of the sponge column 4 is lower than the top of the filling ring 2. The pressing rod 5 is detachably arranged in the water and fertilizer pipe 1. The lower end of the water and fertilizer pipe 1 and the top of the sponge column 4 are provided with water outlets. During irrigation, the pressing rod 5 is removed and water and fertilizer are added to the water and fertilizer pipe 1. Part of the water and fertilizer is absorbed and retained by the sponge column 4, and the rest enters the filling ring 2 through the water outlet on the water and fertilizer pipe 1 and seeps out of the surrounding soil; after the irrigation is completed, the pressing rod 5 is installed in the water and fertilizer pipe 1. After the plant roots absorb the water and fertilizer in the soil for a period of time, the pressing rod 5 is pressed downward. The pressing rod 5 squeezes the sponge column 4 and supplies water and fertilizer to the filling ring 2, which helps to increase the amount of water and fertilizer in a single irrigation and prevents root rot of the plant roots.

[0035] There is no need to lay dense, continuous drip irrigation belts on the land for irrigation. The water and fertilizer pipes 1 are arranged in intervals and points, which can effectively reduce the impact on weeding operations.

[0036] Grape plants are planted in rows along the left-right direction in the planting belt. The order of digging pits every two years is as follows: in the first year, a pit is dug in the middle of the plant spacing to improve the soil ecological structure; in the third year, a pit is dug near one end of the plant spacing (i.e., near one of the grape plants); in the fifth year, a pit is dug at the other end of the plant spacing; in the seventh year and thereafter, pits are dug in the front and back of the grape row in the planting belt, corresponding to the pits from the first to the fifth year, every two years. A grape row is the straight line connecting the grape plants in the planting belt. This order of digging pits starts from the middle of the two plants, which can simultaneously improve the soil environment around the roots of the two adjacent grape plants, and can evenly spread water and fertilizer to the plants on both sides, so that the two plants grow in a balanced manner.

[0037] Digging too large an area of ​​soil at one time will cause the roots of the plants to be cut off in large numbers, affecting the absorption of water and nutrients, and hindering the growth of the plants. Digging pits in sequence every two years not only reduces the annual workload of the staff, but also gives the roots enough time to recover and adapt, which has less impact on the plants and ensures that the plants grow normally and bear fruit. On the other hand, digging pits every two years for improvement can improve the soil in stages, allowing the original microorganisms in the soil to gradually adapt to the new environment, which is more conducive to the stability of the soil ecology and promotes soil nutrient circulation.

[0038] The water and fertilizer pipe 1 and the filling ring 2 can be used not only to improve the soil in grape cultivation, but also to improve the soil of other trees or flowers. The water and fertilizer pipe 1 is inserted around the root system of the plant or the water and fertilizer pipe 1 is used in conjunction with the filling ring 2. The diameters of the water and fertilizer pipe 1 and the filling ring 2 can be adaptively reduced or increased; granular fertilizers can also be added to the water and fertilizer pipe 1, which can not only meet the oxygen supply inside the soil, but also slowly release fertilizers into the soil.

[0039] Example 2: This example is basically the same as Example 1, except that the thickness of the packing ring 2 is 8 cm.

[0040] Example 3: This example is basically the same as Example 1, except that the thickness of the packing ring 2 is 15 cm.

[0041] Example 4: This example is basically the same as Example 1, except that a ground film is laid on the planting belt, which is replaced when the pit is re-excavated. A through hole is opened on the ground film to match the water and fertilizer pipe 1.

[0042] In contrast to Example 1, instead of digging pits around the grape plants and placing water and fertilizer pipes 1 therein, the same amount of filler as used around a single grape plant in Example 1 was spread on the ground and mixed evenly, and drip irrigation was used for irrigation.

[0043] In comparative example 2, instead of digging pits around the grape plants and placing water and fertilizer pipes 1, 1.1 times the amount of filler used around a single grape plant in example 1 was used, the filler was spread on the ground and mixed evenly, and drip irrigation was used for irrigation.

[0044] Example 1 was designated as Treatment 1, Example 2 was designated as Treatment 2, Example 3 was designated as Treatment 3, Example 4 was designated as Treatment 4, Comparative Example 1 was designated as Treatment 5, and Comparative Example 2 was designated as Treatment 6. The planting spacing of the grape plants, the number of irrigation times, and the amount of fertilizer used were the same in each treatment, and the vine management was the same. The growth of the grape plants was observed. The grape plant spacing was 1.5 m * 3.0 m, and the variety was Summer Black grape. The average one-year and two-year growth conditions of the grape plants in each treatment are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[0045] Table 1 Survey on the growth of summer black grapes in the year of planting Survey time: November 2023

[0046]

[0047]

[0048] Table 2 Survey on the growth of Summer Black grapes in the second year of planting Survey time: August 2024

[0049]

[0050] Note:

[0051] 1. The final cutting length of the main vine in winter pruning in 2023 is 1.5m. For treatments 1-4, 15 fruiting mother branches are left on the main vines, and for treatments 5 and 6, the average number of fruiting branches is 9.7 and 10.4 respectively.

[0052] 2. In 2024, the main vine of the grapes was pinched when it connected with another plant, so by the time the grapes were harvested in August, the main vine of the grapes was 2.8m long.

[0053] As can be seen from Table 1, the method of the present invention of opening a pit near the root system of the plant and arranging a water and fertilizer pipe 1 and a filler ring 2 in the pit can increase the ventilation volume near the root system of the plant, provide sufficient oxygen, make the grape plant stronger, increase the rooting depth by about 2.0 times, and improve the utilization rate of water and fertilizer by the root system of the plant.

[0054] As can be seen from Table 2, there is a significant difference in the second-year yield of the grape plants grown using the present invention compared to those not grown using the present invention. The grape plants grown using the present invention have full vine growth in the first year, a high yield in the second year, early coloring, excellent quality, and the grapes have rooted to a depth of over 1 meter. The yield of the grape plants grown using conventional planting methods is only 60% of that of the grape plants grown using the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving the ecological structure of plant root soil, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Pits are opened around the root system of the plant at intervals of one to three years, a water and fertilizer pipe (1) is placed in the pit, and fillers are filled around the water and fertilizer pipe (1) to form a filler ring (2), and then soil is covered above the filler ring (2) to form a soil layer (3), the upper end of the water and fertilizer pipe (1) is set higher than the soil layer (3), and the filler includes wood chips and peat; the lower end of the water and fertilizer pipe (1) is provided with a water outlet, and when fertilizing and irrigating, water and fertilizer penetrate from the water and fertilizer pipe (1) into the soil around the root system of the root plant.

2. The method for improving the soil ecological structure of plant roots according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sawdust is fermented sawdust.

3. The method for improving the soil ecological structure of plant roots according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of the peat to the wood chips is 1:(1-2).

4. The method for improving the soil ecological structure of plant roots according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wall thickness of the packing ring (2) is 8-24 cm.

5. The method for improving the soil ecological structure of plant roots according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the soil layer (3) is 8-12 cm.

6. The method for improving the soil ecological structure of plant roots according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plants are grape plants, and the spacing between two adjacent plants in the planting belt is 1.5-2m. The order of opening the pits includes: opening pits in the middle of the spacing to improve the soil ecological structure in the first year, opening pits near one end of the spacing in the third year, and opening pits at the other end of the spacing in the fifth year.

7. The method for improving the soil ecological structure of plant roots according to claim 6, characterized in that: The order of opening the pits also includes: after the fifth year, pits are opened in sequence on the soil in front of and behind the plants in the planting belt to improve the soil ecological structure.

8. The method for improving the soil ecological structure of plant roots according to claim 6, characterized in that: The depth of the pit is greater than or equal to 100 cm, and the diameter of the pit is 50-70 cm.

9. The method for improving the soil ecological structure of plant roots according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sponge column (4) and a pressing rod (5) are provided in the water and fertilizer pipe (1); the height of the sponge column (4) is lower than the top of the packing ring (2); the pressing rod (5) is detachably provided in the water and fertilizer pipe (1); and water outlet holes are provided at the lower end of the water and fertilizer pipe (1) and above the sponge column (4).

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