Method for planting winter wheat in saline-alkali soil

Abstract

The invention provides a method for planting winter wheat in saline-alkali soil, which belongs to the technical field of wheat planting, and comprises the following steps: S1, rotary tillage and soil preparation: carrying out rotary tillage at the depth of 25-30cm 30-40 days before sowing, doping foreign soil, and applying straw and gypsum; s2, seed treatment: selecting saline-alkaline tolerant wheat seeds, soaking the wheat seeds in a liquid medicine, and soaking the wheat seeds in the liquid medicine; s3, ridging operation: high ridges with the ridge height of 15-20 cm, the ridge surface width of 40-50 cm and the ridge spacing of 25-30 cm are constructed; s4, sowing in line on ridges: sowing the wheat seeds treated in the step S2 on the ridges in line, wherein the sowing depth is 2-3cm; s5, film mulching operation, wherein the ridges are covered with mulching films of a double-film structure, and the film edges of the mulching films are sealed with humic acid slurry; s6, field management: uncovering the film and supplementing seedlings in the seedling stage, and drip irrigation and topdressing under the film in the growth stage. According to the saline-alkali soil winter wheat planting method provided by the invention, the wheat emergence rate can be remarkably increased by constructing a low-salt micro-domain environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of wheat planting, and more specifically, relates to a method for planting winter wheat in saline-alkali land. Background Art

[0002] Saline-alkali land refers to land with excessive soluble salts, resulting in high pH and deteriorated soil structure. my country's saline-alkali land area is approximately 1.5 billion mu (approximately 1.5 billion hectares), primarily distributed in North China, Northwest China, Northeast China, and coastal areas. Winter wheat, one of my country's staple crops, faces numerous challenges when growing on saline-alkali land: 1. Soil salt stress. High surface salt concentrations in saline-alkali soils (typically >0.3%) make it difficult for wheat seeds to absorb water, reducing germination rates. Statistics show that the emergence rate of winter wheat in conventional saline-alkali soil is only 60%-70%, far lower than the 85%-90% in non-saline-alkali soil. Furthermore, the high salinity inhibits root development, resulting in stunted plants, reduced tillering, and ultimately low yields (conventional saline-alkali soil yields approximately 150-200 kilograms per mu, while non-saline-alkali soil can reach over 500 kilograms per mu).

[0003] 2. Soil structure and fertility issues. Saline-alkali soils are often strongly alkaline (pH > 8.5), with high sodium ion content in soil colloids. This leads to soil compaction, poor air permeability, and reduced nutrient availability. For example, under alkaline conditions, phosphorus easily combines with calcium to form calcium phosphate precipitates, which can easily immobilize trace elements like iron and zinc, leading to nutrient deficiencies in wheat.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a sowing method that can solve the impact of saline-alkali land and increase winter wheat yield. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a method for planting winter wheat in saline-alkali land, aiming to solve the problem that winter wheat planting in saline-alkali land is greatly affected by the saline-alkali land and results in a low emergence rate.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is to provide a method for planting winter wheat in saline-alkali land, comprising the following steps: S1. Rotary tillage: 30-40 days before sowing, perform rotary tillage at a depth of 25-30 cm, mix in foreign soil, and apply straw and gypsum. S2. Seed treatment: Select salt- and alkali-tolerant wheat seeds and soak them in liquid medicine; S3, Ridge forming: Build high ridges with a height of 15-20 cm, a width of 40-50 cm, and a ridge spacing of 25-30 cm; S4, ridge sowing: sow wheat seeds in rows on high ridges at a sowing depth of 2-3 cm; S5. Film covering operation: Cover the high ridge with a double-film structure, and seal the edges of the film with humic acid mud; S6. Field management: Remove the film and transplant seedlings during the seedling stage, and drip irrigate and apply fertilizer under the film during the growth period.

[0007] In a possible implementation, in step S1, the amount of foreign soil added is 20-30 cubic meters per mu, the straw is crushed to a particle size of 2-3 cm, the amount added per mu is 400-600 kg, and the amount of gypsum applied is 200-300 kg / mu.

[0008] In a possible implementation, in step S2, before soaking the wheat seeds, the wheat seeds need to be aired in the shade for 1-2 days.

[0009] In a possible implementation, in step S2, the seed soaking process includes the following steps: Soak the seeds in clean water at 20-25℃ for 12 hours, changing the water ≥3 times during this period; Soak seeds in 50-100mg / L gibberellin or 10-50mg / L abscisic acid solution for 6-12 hours; Soak the seeds in 0.5%-1% calcium chloride or 1%-2% potassium nitrate solution for 8-12 hours.

[0010] In a possible implementation, in step S3, 3,000 kg / mu of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied before ridge formation, concentrated on the 10-20 cm soil layer at the bottom of the ridge.

[0011] In a possible implementation, in step S4, the ridge surface is sown using a wide-narrow row sowing method, wherein the wide row is 25 cm and the narrow row is 15 cm.

[0012] 7. The method for planting winter wheat in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the ridge surface is compacted after sowing with a compaction pressure of 30-50 kPa.

[0013] In a possible implementation, in step S5, the ground film is a transparent film with a thickness of 0.01 mm, and the humic acid slurry contains humic acid ≥5%.

[0014] In one possible implementation, in step S5, the ground film includes a lower perforated film and an upper ordinary film, the lower perforated film is evenly arranged with perforations, the aperture of the perforations is no more than 2 cm, and the distance between two adjacent perforations is no more than 15 cm.

[0015] In a possible implementation, in step S6, deep loosening is performed between ridges after the film is removed, with a depth of 15 cm, and seedlings are supplemented by hole sowing in places where seedlings are missing or broken.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the saline-alkali land winter wheat planting method provided by the present invention are as follows: Compared with the existing technology, from a technical perspective, the saline-alkali land winter wheat planting method of the present invention uses deep rotary tillage combined with imported soil, straw, and gypsum to break up the plow bottom layer, reduce soil salt concentration and pH, and improve air permeability and nutrient availability; high ridges and shallow sowing, double film covering, and humic acid slurry sealing to create a low-salt micro-environment, which can increase the emergence rate to more than 85%; sub-film drip irrigation and precise topdressing achieve efficient use of water and fertilizer, promoting healthy plant growth. From an ecological perspective, straw return to the field, humic acid application, and degradable mulch increase soil organic matter, improve cation exchange capacity, and reduce the use of chemical amendments, forming an eco-friendly and sustainable improvement model. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for growing winter wheat in saline-alkali land provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0020] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides a method for planting winter wheat in saline-alkali land. The method comprises the following steps: S1. Rotary tillage: 30-40 days before sowing, perform rotary tillage at a depth of 25-30 cm, mix in foreign soil, and apply straw and gypsum. In this step, rotary tillage is carried out twice. Before the first rotary tillage, 200-300 kg of desulfurized gypsum is applied per mu, and then a rotary tiller is used to perform shallow tillage of 5-8 cm to break the salt crust on the surface of the land. The desulfurized gypsum is fully turned over and mixed with the surface soil, so that the calcium ions in the desulfurized gypsum are fully exchanged with the sodium ions in the soil colloid to reduce the soil alkalinity. The second rotary tillage is carried out 7-10 days after the first rotary tillage. Before the second rotary tillage, straw crushed to 2-3 cm is evenly spread on the land at 400-600 kg per mu, and 20-30 cubic meters of non-salt-alkali guest soil is added per mu. Then a rotary tiller is used to perform deep tillage of 25-30 cm, and the deep soil is fully turned over and mixed with the straw and guest soil. The addition of guest soil can further dilute the soil salt, and the organic acid produced during the decomposition of the straw can chelate sodium ions, increase the soil organic matter content, promote the formation of a granular structure, and inhibit the salt migration channel. In this step, through the layered operation of the first shallow plowing and the second deep plowing, the salt distribution in the plow layer can be adjusted more accurately, avoiding too much high-salt soil being turned over to the surface due to one-time deep plowing.

[0021] After the second tillage, use a disc harrow to break up the soil so that the soil clods are less than 5 cm in size and level the ground.

[0022] S2. Seed treatment: Select salt- and alkali-tolerant winter wheat varieties and soak the wheat seeds with liquid medicine; In this step, the optional salt-alkali tolerant winter wheat varieties include Shimai 22, Handa 19 or Dekang 961. After the wheat seeds are selected, they are screened, and small seeds are removed using a 5 mm pore size sieve. Then, the full seeds are screened using a specific gravity method. The screened wheat seeds are then dried in a cool and ventilated place for 1-2 days at a drying temperature of 20-25°C. The wheat seeds are spread to a thickness of ≤5 cm and are turned over 3-4 times during the period to reduce the moisture content of the seeds and increase their enzyme activity.

[0023] After the wheat seeds are dried, they are soaked in liquid medicine. In the specific implementation, the soaking treatment includes the following steps: first, the wheat seeds are pre-soaked in clean water, using 20-25 ° C clean water to soak the seeds for 12 hours, during which the water is changed ≥ 3 times. The clean water pre-soaking can wash away the salt attached to the seed surface and reduce the salt carrying amount of the wheat seeds; after the clean water pre-soaking is completed, the wheat seeds are soaked in liquid medicine, first using 50-100 mg / L gibberellin or 10-50 mg / L abscisic acid solution to soak the seeds for 6-12 hours. Soaking with gibberellin can promote the α- Amylase synthesis, accelerate the decomposition of endosperm nutrients, and soak seeds in abscisic acid solution to induce Lea protein expression in wheat seeds, enhance cell membrane salt tolerance, and activate wheat seeds' stress resistance genes; then soak seeds in 0.5%-1% calcium chloride or 1%-2% potassium nitrate solution for 8-12 hours. Soaking seeds in calcium chloride solution can increase the calcium content of wheat seed cell walls and inhibit the transmembrane transport of Na ions. Soaking seeds in potassium nitrate solution can promote the absorption of potassium ions by wheat seeds, so that wheat seed cells maintain a balance between sodium ions and potassium ions, thereby increasing the salt tolerance threshold of seeds.

[0024] S3, Ridge forming: Build high ridges with a height of 15-20 cm, a width of 40-50 cm, and a ridge spacing of 25-30 cm; Before carrying out this step, apply 3000 kg / mu of decomposed organic fertilizer, and concentrate it on the 10-20 cm soil layer at the bottom of the ridge. Concentrated application of organic fertilizer can improve the soil structure of the ridge, avoid salinization of the soil surface, provide long-term nutrients for the development of wheat roots, and promote wheat root growth.

[0025] During the ridge-forming operation, a hydraulic ridger is used to construct a high ridge and narrow ditch structure. The ridge height is 15-20 cm. Compared with the traditional ridge height of 5-10 cm, the high ridge setting in this step can improve the salt leaching path and enhance the salt drainage effect on the ridge. The ridge width is 40-50 cm, which is 10 cm higher than the conventional one, expanding the sowing area. The ridge spacing is 25-30 cm, making the ditch width between ridges about 20 cm, which is convenient for drainage and salt washing.

[0026] In this step, the ridge surface is leveled immediately after ridge formation. A vibrating harrow is used to crush the soil on the ridge surface to a particle size of less than 3 cm. At the same time, a 5-8 cm thick layer of straw debris (straw debris particle size 1-2 cm) is laid to form a biological salt barrier on the ridge surface, preventing deep salt from migrating to the ridge surface and reducing the salt content on the ridge surface.

[0027] S4, ridge sowing: sow wheat seeds in rows on high ridges at a sowing depth of 2-3 cm; In this step, the sowing period is delayed by 7-10 days compared with the local conventional sowing period, so that the wheat seedling stage avoids the peak of salt return in autumn. When sowing on the ridge, the wide and narrow rows are sown on the ridge surface. Among them, the wide row is 25 cm and the narrow row is 15 cm. Compared with the traditional equal row spacing planting, the wide and narrow rows increase the soil surface area, which is conducive to ventilation and light transmission, promotes plant photosynthesis, and utilizes the light difference between wide and narrow rows to enhance transpiration pull, drive salt to migrate to the ditch area, and reduce local salt damage.

[0028] In this step, the sowing depth is controlled at 2-3 cm (4-5 cm for ordinary plots). After sowing, the ridge surface is pressed down with a pressure of 30-50 kPa to ensure close contact between the seeds and the soil, reduce soil gaps, prevent water evaporation and salt migration, and improve seed water absorption efficiency and uniformity of seedling emergence.

[0029] S5. Film covering operation: Cover the high ridge with a double-film structure, and seal the edges of the film with humic acid mud; This step is carried out immediately after sowing. In the specific operation, a polyethylene transparent ground film with a thickness of 0.01 mm is selected. The width of the ground film is 10 cm wider than the ridge surface. Ensure that the edge of the film is 5 cm into the soil, and the humic acid slurry sealed at the edge of the film contains humic acid ≥5%. In the specific implementation of this step, a double-film structure ground film is constructed on the ridge surface by using the method of double-film covering on the ridge surface. The double-film structure ground film includes a lower perforated film and an upper ordinary film. The lower perforated film is evenly arranged with perforations, the aperture of the perforations is no more than 2 cm, and the spacing between two adjacent perforations is no more than 15 cm. When covering the film, the lower perforated film is first covered on the ridge surface, and then covered with the upper ordinary film. In this way, with the help of these two layers of film, a composite structure layer of "ventilation-moisture conservation-salt isolation" can be formed.

[0030] During planting, seeds require aerobic respiration for germination. The perforations in the lower perforated film ensure gas exchange between the soil and the outside world, avoiding the oxygen-deficient, suffocating conditions caused by the complete coverage of the upper conventional film. Furthermore, the perforations allow some natural rainfall or irrigation water to penetrate the soil, while the lower perforated film itself still inhibits excessive surface water evaporation. This "controlled permeability" avoids the accumulation of water and seed rot caused by traditional full-cover (non-porous) films. It also prevents rapid soil moisture loss during droughts, providing a stable moisture environment for seed germination. The complete, non-porous upper conventional film forms a closed water-retaining layer, blocking the evaporation path of soil moisture to the atmosphere. This can increase soil moisture beneath the film by 10%-15% compared to traditional single-film coverage. Stable moisture conditions can continuously meet the water absorption requirements for wheat seed germination, avoiding the interruption of wheat seed germination due to periodic drought. In addition, the upper ordinary film can cut off the salt migration channel by inhibiting evaporation, so that the salt concentration of the surface soil under the film is reduced by 30%-50% compared with the open field, forming a low-salt micro-zone, which can significantly improve the emergence rate of wheat seeds and reduce the stunted seedlings or death caused by salt damage.

[0031] Furthermore, the double-film structure enhances ground temperature stability. The upper, conventional film reflects sunlight, reducing surface temperature rise, while the air layer between the lower, perforated film and the soil acts as a buffer against low temperatures. This temperature buffering effect reduces the temperature difference under the film by 2-3°C compared to a single film, providing milder conditions for seed germination.

[0032] In this step, the width of the lower perforated membrane is 3-4 cm wider than that of the upper ordinary membrane. When the lower perforated membrane is sealed, at least half of the width of the lower sealing belt formed by the humic acid slurry is covered on the membrane edge. When the upper ordinary membrane is sealed, at least half of the width of the upper sealing belt formed by the humic acid slurry is covered on the membrane edge, and the other half is covered on the lower sealing belt and bonded to the lower sealing belt. By arranging the upper sealing belt and the lower sealing belt to be bonded to each other, the sealing effect of the membrane edge can be further improved. In order to improve the windproof ability of the covering, the membrane edge of the upper ordinary membrane can be covered with soil for the second time after the upper ordinary membrane is covered.

[0033] In this step, humic acid mud is used to seal the edge of the film. At the physical sealing level, humic acid mud, with its unique viscosity and plasticity, can tightly fill the tiny gap between the edge of the film and the soil, forming a continuous and dense physical barrier, effectively blocking air circulation and water evaporation, and avoiding the problem of "air leakage" due to loose edges of the film, thereby significantly improving the thermal insulation and moisture retention properties of the film, extending its field service life, and creating a stable microenvironment for crop growth. Secondly, in terms of soil improvement and nutrient regulation, humic acid, as a natural organic polymer substance, is rich in active groups such as carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups. After the mud penetrates into the soil at the edge of the film, it can improve the soil aggregate structure through colloidal adsorption and ion exchange, enhance soil permeability and water retention capacity, and at the same time chelate nutrient ions such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, reduce nutrient loss and improve fertilizer utilization. The organic small molecules released can also stimulate the crop roots to expand toward the edge of the film and strengthen the root absorption function. Furthermore, in the field of weed suppression and green control, the mud covering film edge can directly block the light conditions of weed seeds and inhibit their germination, while the biological activity of humic acid itself may indirectly inhibit weed growth by regulating soil hormone balance or microbial communities, thereby reducing the use of chemical herbicides and reducing the risk of agricultural non-point source pollution.

[0034] S6. Field management: including removing the film and transplanting seedlings during the seedling stage, drip irrigation and topdressing under the film during the growth period.

[0035] In this step, after the wheat seeds emerge, the film is promptly removed to check the seedlings. For missing or broken ridges, seedlings are supplemented using the hole sowing method. Deep loosening is also performed between ridges to a depth of 15 cm to sever the soil capillaries and inhibit salt resorption. This deep loosening is performed every 10-15 days, for a total of 2-3 times.

[0036] In this step, drip tapes are laid on both sides of the ridge, 5 cm from the seeding row, with drippers spaced 30 cm apart and a flow rate of 2-3 liters / hour. Soil salinity is monitored using EC sensors at depths of 10 cm and 20 cm. Sub-mulch drip irrigation primarily involves dynamic irrigation based on soil EC sensor data. When the EC value in the 10 cm soil layer exceeds 4 mS / cm, drip irrigation is initiated. The single irrigation volume, Q, is calculated as 0.6 × (measured EC - 3 mS / cm) × soil bulk density × irrigated area, ensuring a stable salinity of 2-3 mS / cm in the root zone.

[0037] Top dressing mainly includes applying 5 kg of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer and 3 kg of urea per mu through drip irrigation tape during the greening period, and 10 kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer per mu during the jointing period.

[0038] Example 1: Moderately saline-alkali land in the North China Plain, location: Cangzhou, Hebei, salt content 0.45%, pH 8.8.

[0039] The wheat variety is Shimai 22. Rotary tillage was carried out on September 1st with a tillage depth of 28 cm, 25 cubic meters of clay added per mu, straw crushed to 2 cm, 250 kg of gypsum applied per mu, and ridge work started on October 1st with a ridge height of 18 cm, a ridge width of 45 cm, a ridge spacing of 30 cm, and a 6 cm thick corn straw fragment on the ridge surface. After ridge formation, wheat seeds were sown in rows on the ridges with a sowing depth of 2.5 cm and a sowing amount of 23 kg per mu. The ground was covered with a double-film structure film, and the film edges were sealed with humic acid mud.

[0040] After the film was removed after germination, the germination rate was 87%.

[0041] Example 2: Saline-alkali land in the Songnen Plain of Northeast China, location: Songyuan, Jilin, with a salt content of 0.3% and a pH value of 9.0.

[0042] The wheat variety is Dekang 961. The land was tilled on September 15 with a tillage depth of 25 cm, 50 cubic meters of clay added per mu, straw crushed to 3 cm, 300 kg of gypsum applied per mu, and ridge work was started on October 15 with a ridge height of 20 cm, a ridge width of 40 cm, and a ridge spacing of 25 cm. The ridge surface was covered with 3 cm thick corn straw fragments. After ridge formation, wheat seeds were sown in rows on the ridges with a sowing depth of 3 cm and a sowing amount of 25 kg per mu. The ground was covered with a double-film structure film, and the film edges were sealed with humic acid mud.

[0043] After the film was removed after germination, the germination rate was 86%.

[0044] The saline-alkali land winter wheat planting method provided by the present invention addresses the core problems of severe soil salt stress, deterioration of soil structure, and low nutrient availability in my country's saline-alkali land winter wheat planting. Through collaborative innovation in multiple links such as rotary tillage, seed treatment, ridge formation and strip sowing, mulching operations, and precise field management, a systematic saline-alkali land improvement and high-yield cultivation technology system has been formed.

[0045] The method of the present invention constructs a complete saline-alkali land adaptation cultivation system through the four major relief measures of "soil improvement - salt reduction - seedling protection - growth promotion". In the soil improvement link, deep rotary tillage at a depth of 25-30 cm is implemented 30-40 days before sowing to break the compact plow bottom layer of the saline-alkali land, improve the soil permeability, and create a physical channel for salt infiltration; the incorporation of foreign soil is combined with straw return to the field. On the one hand, the surface salt content is diluted, directly alleviating the water absorption barrier of the seeds and reducing the salt stress intensity during wheat seed germination. On the other hand, after the straw is decomposed, 0.8-1.2 tons of organic matter can be added per mu per month. The humus colloid formed absorbs free sodium ions in the soil and effectively improves the soil aggregate structure. The application of gypsum is an even more critical alkali-removal measure. The calcium ions it contains undergo a replacement reaction with the sodium ions in the soil colloid, which gradually reduces the soil pH value from above 8.5 to 7.8-8.2, reduces calcium phosphate precipitation, and improves the activity of beneficial trace elements such as iron and zinc, fundamentally solving the problem of low nutrient availability in saline-alkali land.

[0046] In the salt control and seedling protection phase, the construction of 15-20 cm high ridges creates a micro-ecosystem where "salt follows water." During rainfall or irrigation, salt migrates with the water to the bottom of the ridge furrows, reducing soil salt concentration on the ridge surface compared to conventional flat farming and creating a low-salt environment suitable for wheat seed germination. This shallow sowing depth of 2-3 cm prevents the inhibitory effects of deep, high-salt soil on seeds. Combined with the selection of salt-tolerant varieties and seed soaking with a liquid solution, the wheat emergence rate has increased from 60%-70% in conventional saline-alkali soil to over 85%, approaching the level of non-saline-alkali soil, and the uniformity of emergence has increased by 25%-30%. The double-film structure of the ground film further enhances the salt control effect. The double-film structure of the ground film blocks 80%-90% of the evaporation of soil moisture, reducing the rate of salt accumulation under the film. The humic acid mud sealing not only forms a physical sealing layer, but also continuously absorbs salt around the rhizosphere through the ion exchange effect of humic acid, so that the salt concentration in the rhizosphere of wheat seedlings is lower than that of the unfilmed plots, increasing the space for root development, and promoting the increase in the length of the wheat main root and the number of fibrous roots, laying a solid foundation for the healthy growth of the plants in the later stage.

[0047] In the process of promoting growth and yield, the film mulching drip irrigation and precise fertilization technology realize the efficient use of water and nutrients. The drip irrigation system directly delivers water to the root zone, which can save water by 50%-60% compared with traditional flooding irrigation, and also avoids the problem of salt reverse migration caused by flooding irrigation; the chelated trace element fertilizer applied with water can improve the absorption efficiency of iron and zinc by 40%-50%, effectively preventing the common deficiency symptoms in saline-alkali soil, and increasing the chlorophyll content of wheat leaves by about 15%-20%, thereby increasing the photosynthetic efficiency. The measures of uncovering the film and replanting ensure the uniformity of the population structure, which increases the ear number by about 10%-15% compared with conventional planting, and in combination with the late nitrogen fertilizer application, the tiller number is increased by about 20%-25%, and the earing rate per plant is increased from 1.2-1.5 to 1.8-2.2. These comprehensive measures increase the plant height by about 10-15 cm, the stem thickness by about 15%-20%, and the resistance to lodging is significantly enhanced, the grain number per ear is increased by 8-10, and the thousand-grain weight is increased by 3-5 g.

[0048] The method can increase about 0.6-0.8 tons of organic matter per mu per year by applying straw returning and humic acid mud, so that the soil cation exchange capacity is increased by about 8%-10%, and the saline-alkali soil is gradually improved; the directional application of gypsum avoids the excessive input of traditional chemical modifiers and reduces the risk of environmental pollution; the double-film mulching technology uses degradable film materials, and in combination with the natural improvement property of humic acid, an ecological friendly cultivation system is formed, and the soil organic matter content of the saline-alkali soil is increased by about 0.1%-0.2% per year, the stability of soil aggregates is increased by about 20%-30%, and the benign interaction of agricultural production and ecological restoration is realized.

[0049] The yield of winter wheat per mu in conventional saline-alkali soil is only 150-200 kg, while the yield per mu can be stabilized at 300-400 kg after the method is used, which is increased by about 100%-150% compared with the traditional method. At the same time, the increase of the emergence rate reduces the cost of replanting, the precise fertilization can save water and fertilizer by about 20%-30%, and the production input is reduced; the combination of salt-tolerant and alkali-tolerant varieties and high-efficiency cultivation technology can increase the protein content of wheat by about 2%-3% and the wet gluten content by about 3%-5%, so that the quality index is significantly improved, and the market competitiveness is further enhanced.

[0050] In summary, the method breaks through the technical bottleneck of winter wheat planting in saline-alkali soil through technical innovation and system integration, realizes the multiple goals of "soil improvement and salt reduction, seedling protection and growth promotion, quality improvement and yield increase, and ecological improvement", solves the practical problems of current agricultural production in saline-alkali soil, and opens up a new path for the sustainable use of saline-alkali soil, which has significant technical advancement, ecological adaptability and economic feasibility, and is an important technical breakthrough in the field of saline-alkali soil agricultural development.

[0051] The above merely describes preferred embodiments of the present application, and is not used to limit the present application, any modification, equivalent replacement and improvement within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for planting winter wheat in saline-alkali land, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Rotary tillage: 30-40 days before sowing, perform rotary tillage at a depth of 25-30 cm, mix in foreign soil, and apply straw and gypsum. S2. Seed treatment: Select salt- and alkali-tolerant wheat seeds and soak them in liquid medicine; S3, Ridge forming: Build high ridges with a height of 15-20 cm, a width of 40-50 cm, and a ridge spacing of 25-30 cm; S4, ridge sowing: sow wheat seeds in rows on high ridges at a sowing depth of 2-3 cm; S5. Film covering operation: Cover the high ridge with a double-film structure, and seal the edges of the film with humic acid mud; S6. Field management: Remove the film and transplant seedlings during the seedling stage, and drip irrigate and apply fertilizer under the film during the growth period.

2. The method for planting winter wheat in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, wherein: In step S1, the amount of foreign soil added is 20-30 cubic meters per mu, the straw is crushed to a particle size of 2-3 cm, the amount added per mu is 400-600 kg, and the amount of gypsum applied is 200-300 kg / mu.

3. The method for planting winter wheat in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, wherein: In step S2, before soaking the wheat seeds, the wheat seeds need to be aired in the shade for 1-2 days.

4. The method for planting winter wheat in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, wherein: In step S2, the seed soaking process includes the following steps: a. Soak the seeds in clean water at 20-25℃ for 12 hours, changing the water ≥3 times during this period; b. Soak the seeds in 50-100 mg / L gibberellin or 10-50 mg / L abscisic acid solution for 6-12 hours; c. Soak the seeds in 0.5%-1% calcium chloride or 1%-2% potassium nitrate solution for 8-12 hours.

5. The method for planting winter wheat in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, wherein: In step S3, 3,000 kg / mu of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied before ridge formation, and the fertilizer is concentrated on the 10-20 cm soil layer at the bottom of the ridge.

6. The method for planting winter wheat in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, wherein: In step S4, the ridge surface is sown using a wide-narrow row sowing method, wherein the wide row is 25 cm and the narrow row is 15 cm.

7. The method for planting winter wheat in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, wherein: In step S4, the ridge surface is compacted after sowing with a compaction pressure of 30-50 kPa.

8. The method for planting winter wheat in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, wherein: In step S5, the ground film is a transparent film with a thickness of 0.01 mm, and the humic acid slurry contains humic acid ≥5%.

9. The method for planting winter wheat in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, wherein: In step S5, the ground film includes a lower perforated film and an upper ordinary film, the lower perforated film is evenly arranged with perforations, the aperture of the perforations is no greater than 2 cm, and the distance between two adjacent perforations is no greater than 15 cm.

10. The method for planting winter wheat in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, wherein: In step S6, after the film is removed, deep loosening is carried out between the ridges to a depth of 15 cm, and the seedlings are supplemented by hole sowing in places where there are missing seedlings and broken ridges.

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