Macadamia nut fruit retention and fruit setting fertilizer based on hormone synergistic regulation and application method of macadamia nut fruit retention and fruit setting fertilizer
The macadamia nut fruit-preserving and fruit-setting fertilizer, which is synergistically regulated by hormones, solves the problem of unstable water and hormone supply, significantly reduces the physiological fruit drop rate of macadamia nuts, and improves the yield and quality of the fruit.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511050533.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-29
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-10
AI Technical Summary
In the existing technology, macadamia nuts suffer from serious physiological fruit drop, especially during the flowering and young fruit stages, where insufficient water supply leads to a high fruit drop rate. In addition, the use of exogenous hormones is unstable, making it difficult to effectively reduce fruit drop.
The macadamia nut fruit-preserving and fruit-setting fertilizer based on hormone synergistic regulation contains multiple components, including urea, vermiculite, water-retaining composite gel, Pseudomonas fluorescens, etc. By applying and spraying different components, the plants are stimulated to synthesize hormones that prevent fruit drop, provide sufficient water and nutrients, and promote protein and fat accumulation.
The physiological fruit drop rate of macadamia nuts was significantly reduced, with the early fruit drop rate dropping from 75% to 58-60%, and the mid-to-late fruit drop rate dropping from 85% to 62-64%, improving the stability of the use of exogenous hormones and the nutritional supply of the fruit.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, and in particular to a macadamia nut fruit-preserving and fruit-setting fertilizer based on hormone coordinated regulation and an application method thereof. Background Art
[0002] Macadamia nuts ( Macadamia Macadamia spp. is a premium nut tree native to Australia. Its kernels are rich in various nutrients and delicious, making it one of the world's finest edible dried fruits, earning it the reputation of "Queen of Dried Fruits." With the continuous expansion of macadamia nut cultivation in my country, significant flower and fruit drop has occurred, particularly early physiological fruit drop, where large numbers of immature fruits typically fall 10-50 days after full bloom, severely impacting yield.
[0003] The applicant's previous research found that the physiological fruit drop of macadamia nuts is related to the type and content of endogenous hormones (Li Mu et al. Relationship between the endogenous hormone content of macadamia nuts and its physiological fruit drop [J]. Fruit Trees in Southern China, 2024, 53(03)), and is also related to insufficient water and fat supply in the fruit (Lin Yuhong et al. Analysis of changes in nutritional components of macadamia nuts at different fruit drop periods [J]. Popular Science, 2022, 24(06)). The applicant has also tried to use exogenous hormones to reduce the physiological fruit drop of macadamia nuts. However, the use of exogenous hormones in production practice is easily affected by the environment, resulting in unstable results. At the same time, the applicant also found that the flowering and young fruiting stages of macadamia nuts are generally in seasons with less rainfall, resulting in insufficient water supply during the flowering and young fruiting stages, resulting in a high rate of physiological fruit drop in the early stage. However, during the fruit expansion and ripening stages, there is more rainfall, and the roots absorb water quickly, causing the peel to crack easily and the fruit stalk to separate and break easily, exacerbating the occurrence of fruit drop in the later stage. In addition, the infrastructure in macadamia nut planting areas is weak, and it is currently difficult to implement multiple and sufficient irrigations during the flowering and young fruiting stages on a large scale. Therefore, how to reduce the physiological fruit drop of macadamia nuts is a key issue that the industry urgently needs to solve. Summary of the Invention
[0004] To address the above shortcomings, the present invention provides a macadamia nut fruit-preserving and fruit-setting fertilizer based on hormone synergistic regulation and its application method. This fertilizer not only improves the stability of the effect of exogenous hormones, but also stimulates the plant's own synthesis of hormones to prevent fruit drop during the young fruit stage of macadamia nuts, providing sufficient water and nutrients for the young fruit stage, reducing the early physiological fruit drop rate. At the same time, this fertilizer can also provide sufficient nutrients for the macadamia nut fruit expansion and maturity stages, promote protein and fat accumulation, and reduce the physiological fruit drop rate in the middle and late stages. The specific technical solution is as follows: A macadamia nut fruit-preserving and fruit-setting fertilizer based on hormone synergistic regulation, the fertilizer comprising a first component, a second component, a third component and a fourth component; The first component comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12-18 parts of urea, 30-40 parts of vermiculite, 40-45 parts of water-retaining composite gel, 5-15 parts of humic acid, 10-15 parts of fluorescing Pseudomonas, 5-15 parts of actinomycetes and 40-55 parts of decomposed straw; The second component comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 7-12 parts of stimulant, 0.3-0.6 parts of gibberellins, 0.2-0.5 parts of auxin, 1-4 parts of sodium thiosulfate, 10-15 parts of mineral oil, 3-5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 5-9 parts of calcium chloride, 3-8 parts of potassium silicate, 0.05-0.1 parts of boric acid and 0.1-0.3 parts of brassinosteroids; The third component includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of medium nitrogen, low phosphorus and high potassium compound fertilizer and 7-14 parts of medium and trace element fertilizer; The fourth component comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.8-1.3 parts of sodium nitrophenolate, 0.4-0.9 parts of isopentenyl adenine, 0.3-0.7 parts of glycine betaine, 8-14 parts of mineral oil and 1-3 parts of polyvinyl alcohol.
[0005] Furthermore, the preparation method of the water-retaining composite gel is as follows: adding carboxymethyl cellulose to 20-40 times by weight of water, and magnetically stirring until completely dissolved to obtain a first solution; adding chitosan to 10-20 times by weight of a 1-3% acetic acid aqueous solution, and magnetically stirring until completely dissolved to obtain a second solution; after mixing the first solution and the second solution, adding citric acid and mixing evenly, stirring the mixture in a water bath at a constant temperature of 60-70°C for 30-50 minutes, and naturally cooling it into a gel state to obtain the water-retaining composite gel.
[0006] Furthermore, the weight ratio of the carboxymethyl cellulose, chitosan and citric acid is (10-15): (1-5):1.
[0007] Furthermore, the preparation method of the first component is as follows: taking each raw material by weight; first dissolving urea in water to prepare a urea solution with a mass concentration of 70-80%, adding vermiculite to the urea solution, and waiting for the urea solution to be saturated by the vermiculite, then mixing the saturated vermiculite with a water-retaining composite gel to coat the surface of the vermiculite with a layer of water-retaining composite gel, then mixing the vermiculite with the water-retaining composite gel on the surface with humic acid, and finally adding Pseudomonas fluorescens, actinomycetes and decomposed straw and mixing them to obtain the first component.
[0008] Furthermore, the preparation method of the stimulant is as follows: soaking rice seeds for germination, freezing the germinated rice seeds for 5-10 hours when the rice sprouts grow to 5-15 mm, crushing them into powder, mixing the powder with 8-15 times by weight of a 60-80% ethanol aqueous solution, letting it stand for 8-10 hours, filtering, and collecting the filtrate to obtain the stimulant.
[0009] Furthermore, the preparation method of the second component is: taking each raw material according to weight; mixing stimulant, gibberellin, auxin, sodium thiosulfate, mineral oil, polyvinyl alcohol, calcium chloride, potassium silicate, boric acid and brassinosteroid, and magnetically stirring for 1-2 hours to obtain the second component.
[0010] Furthermore, the preparation method of the fourth component is as follows: taking the raw materials in parts by weight; mixing sodium nitrophenolate, isopentenyl adenine, glycine betaine, mineral oil and polyvinyl alcohol, and magnetically stirring for 30-50 minutes to obtain the fourth component.
[0011] The present invention also provides a method for applying the macadamia nut fruit-preserving and fruit-setting fertilizer based on hormone coordinated regulation, comprising the following steps: (1) 10-55 days after flowering, apply the first component once every 15-20 days around the crown of the macadamia nut tree at a rate of 1-1.5 kg per tree, and water immediately after each application; (2) On the 10th to 55th day after flowering, spray the second component once every 10-15 days at an application rate of 30-40 g / mu. Dilute the second component 800-1000 times before spraying. (3) From the 56th day after anthesis to the fruit ripening period, apply the third component once every 20-30 days around the crown of the macadamia tree by digging a trench at a rate of 20-25 kg / mu; (4) From the 56th day after anthesis to the fruit ripening period, spray the fourth component once every 20-25 days at an application rate of 20-30 g / mu. Dilute the fourth component 800-1000 times before spraying.
[0012] Furthermore, the depth of the trench is 5-10 cm, and after the trench is opened and applied, soil is first covered and then water is irrigated.
[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The fertilizer prepared by the present invention can not only improve the stability of the use effect of exogenous hormones, but also stimulate the plant itself to synthesize hormones to prevent fruit drop during the young fruit stage of macadamia nuts, provide sufficient water and nutrients for the young fruit stage, reduce the early physiological fruit drop rate, and reduce the early cumulative fruit drop rate from the conventional 75% to 58-60%; at the same time, the fertilizer of the present invention can also provide sufficient nutrients for the fruit expansion and ripening stages of macadamia nuts, promote protein and fat accumulation, reduce the physiological fruit drop rate in the middle and late stages, and reduce the cumulative fruit drop rate in the late stage from the conventional 85% to 62-64%.
[0014] 2. The vermiculite in the first component of the fertilizer contains a large number of pores, and after adsorbing the urea solution, it coats a water-retaining composite gel. The water-retaining composite gel can absorb water and retain water, so that the water and nitrogen in the vermiculite are not easy to leak or evaporate and lose. When used in the young fruit stage, it can meet the water and nitrogen requirements of the young fruit stage, avoiding the problem of insufficient water supply caused by insufficient rainfall and irrigation conditions in the young fruit stage. At the same time, the humic acid in the first component can adjust the soil acidity and alkalinity, which is beneficial to the absorption of nitrogen by the roots. The fluorescent pseudomonas and actinomycetes can stimulate the plant and promote the synthesis of anti-shedding hormones by the plant. The rotten straw not only provides nutrients, but also improves the soil structure, providing a good environment for the growth of fluorescent pseudomonas and actinomycetes. Therefore, the first component has the effects of water and fertilizer retention and promoting the synthesis of anti-shedding hormones by the plant, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of pre-fruit drop and mid-late fruit drop.
[0015] 3. The stimulant in the second component of the fertilizer is extracted from germinated rice seeds and contains endogenous regulatory factors that can stimulate the synthesis of anti-shedding hormones by the plant. The addition of exogenous gibberellins and auxins can help inhibit fruit shedding. Sodium thiosulfate can resist oxidation and prevent the photolysis or oxidation of exogenous gibberellins and auxins. Mineral oil can prevent the evaporation and loss of exogenous hormones. Polyvinyl alcohol can improve the adhesion properties of exogenous hormones. The coordinated action of calcium chloride, potassium silicate, boric acid, and brassinosteroids can improve the cell wall toughness of the fruit stalk. Therefore, the second component has the effects of promoting the synthesis of anti-shedding hormones by the plant and improving the stability of exogenous hormones, and when used together with the first component, it can effectively reduce the occurrence of pre-fruit drop.
[0016] 4. The third component of the fertilizer is used in the fruit expansion stage and the ripening stage, which can provide sufficient nutrients for the fruit. However, during this period, due to sufficient rainfall and slow photosynthesis, the synthesis of proteins and fats is not conducive. When used in combination with the fourth component, it can improve the photosynthetic rate and promote the accumulation of protein and fat in the fruit. Therefore, the use of the third component and the fourth component in combination during the fruit expansion stage and the ripening stage can reduce the occurrence of mid-late fruit drop. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0017] The specific embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present application is not limited by the specific embodiments.
[0018] Example 1 An Australian nut fruit retention and setting fertilizer based on hormone synergistic regulation, the fertilizer comprises a first component, a second component, a third component and a fourth component.
[0019] (1) The first component comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: urea 12 parts, vermiculite 30 parts, water-retaining composite gel 40 parts, humic acid 5 parts, fluorescent pseudomonas 10 parts, actinomycetes 5 parts, and rotten straw 40 parts.
[0020] The preparation method of the water-retaining composite gel comprises the following steps: adding carboxymethyl cellulose to water at a concentration of 20 times by weight of the carboxymethyl cellulose, and magnetically stirring the mixture until the mixture is completely dissolved to obtain a first solution; adding chitosan to a 1% acetic acid aqueous solution at a concentration of 10 times by weight of the chitosan, and magnetically stirring the mixture until the mixture is completely dissolved to obtain a second solution; after uniformly mixing the first solution and the second solution, adding citric acid and uniformly stirring the mixture, and stirring the mixture in a water bath at a constant temperature of 60° C. for 30 minutes, and naturally cooling the mixture into a gel-like state to obtain the water-retaining composite gel; the weight ratio of the carboxymethyl cellulose, chitosan, and citric acid is 10:1:1.
[0021] The preparation method of the first component is as follows: taking each raw material according to parts by weight; first dissolving urea in water to prepare a urea solution with a mass concentration of 70%, adding vermiculite to the urea solution, and waiting for the urea solution to be saturated by the vermiculite, then mixing the saturated vermiculite with a water-retaining composite gel to coat the surface of the vermiculite with a layer of the water-retaining composite gel, then mixing the vermiculite coated with the water-retaining composite gel with humic acid, and finally adding Pseudomonas fluorescens, actinomycetes and decomposed straw and mixing them evenly to obtain the first component.
[0022] (2) The second component includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 7 parts of stimulant, 0.3 parts of gibberellin, 0.2 parts of auxin, 1 part of sodium thiosulfate, 10 parts of mineral oil, 3 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 5 parts of calcium chloride, 3 parts of potassium silicate, 0.05 parts of boric acid and 0.1 parts of brassinosteroids.
[0023] The preparation method of the stimulant is as follows: soaking rice seeds for germination, freezing the germinated rice seeds for 5 hours when the rice sprouts grow to 5 mm, crushing them into powder, mixing the powder with 8 times by weight of a 60% ethanol aqueous solution, letting it stand for 8 hours, filtering, and collecting the filtrate to obtain the stimulant.
[0024] The preparation method of the second component is as follows: taking the raw materials according to weight proportions; mixing stimulant, gibberellin, auxin, sodium thiosulfate, mineral oil, polyvinyl alcohol, calcium chloride, potassium silicate, boric acid and brassinosteroid, and stirring magnetically for 1 hour to obtain the second component.
[0025] (3) The third component includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of a medium-nitrogen, low-phosphorus, high-potassium compound fertilizer and 7 parts of a medium-trace element fertilizer. The third component is prepared by uniformly mixing the medium-nitrogen, low-phosphorus, high-potassium compound fertilizer and the medium-trace element fertilizer.
[0026] (4) The fourth component includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.8 parts of sodium nitrophenolate, 0.4 parts of isopentenyl adenine, 0.3 parts of glycine betaine, 8 parts of mineral oil and 1 part of polyvinyl alcohol.
[0027] The fourth component is prepared by taking the raw materials in parts by weight; mixing sodium nitrophenolate, isopentenyl adenine, glycine betaine, mineral oil and polyvinyl alcohol, and stirring the mixture magnetically for 30 minutes to obtain the fourth component.
[0028] The method for applying fertilizer in this embodiment comprises the following steps: (1) From the 10th to the 55th day after flowering, dig a trench around the crown of the macadamia nut tree and apply the first component once every 15 days. The trench depth is 5 cm and the application rate is 1 kg per tree. After each application, cover with soil and then irrigate.
[0029] (2) On the 10th to 55th day after flowering, spray the second component once every 10 days at an application rate of 30 g / mu. Dilute the second component 800 times before spraying.
[0030] (3) From the 56th day after anthesis to the fruit ripening period, dig trenches around the crown of the macadamia nut tree and apply the third component once every 20 days. The trench depth is 5 cm and the application rate is 20 kg / mu.
[0031] (4) From the 56th day after anthesis to the fruit ripening period, spray the fourth component once every 20 days at an application rate of 20 g / mu. Dilute the fourth component 800 times before spraying.
[0032] Example 2 A macadamia nut fruit-preserving and fruit-setting fertilizer based on hormone coordinated regulation, comprising a first component, a second component, a third component and a fourth component.
[0033] (1) The first component includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18 parts of urea, 40 parts of vermiculite, 45 parts of water-retaining composite gel, 15 parts of humic acid, 15 parts of fluorescing Pseudomonas, 15 parts of actinomycetes and 55 parts of decomposed straw.
[0034] The preparation method of the water-retaining composite gel comprises the following steps: adding carboxymethyl cellulose to water at a concentration of 40 times by weight of the carboxymethyl cellulose, and magnetically stirring the mixture until the mixture is completely dissolved to obtain a first solution; adding chitosan to a 3% acetic acid aqueous solution at a concentration of 20 times by weight of the chitosan, and magnetically stirring the mixture until the mixture is completely dissolved to obtain a second solution; after uniformly mixing the first solution and the second solution, adding citric acid, and uniformly stirring the mixture; stirring the mixture in a water bath at a constant temperature of 70°C for 50 minutes, and naturally cooling the mixture into a gel-like state to obtain the water-retaining composite gel; the weight ratio of the carboxymethyl cellulose, chitosan, and citric acid is 15:5:1.
[0035] The preparation method of the first component is as follows: taking each raw material according to weight proportion; first dissolving urea in water to prepare a urea solution with a mass concentration of 80%, adding vermiculite to the urea solution, and waiting for the urea solution to be saturated by the vermiculite, then mixing the saturated vermiculite with a water-retaining composite gel to coat the surface of the vermiculite with a layer of the water-retaining composite gel, then mixing the vermiculite coated with the water-retaining composite gel with humic acid, and finally adding Pseudomonas fluorescens, actinomycetes and decomposed straw and mixing them evenly to obtain the first component.
[0036] (2) The second component comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: stimulant 12 parts, gibberellin 0.6 parts, auxin 0.5 parts, sodium thiosulfate 4 parts, mineral oil 15 parts, polyvinyl alcohol 5 parts, calcium chloride 9 parts, potassium silicate 8 parts, boric acid 0.1 parts, and brassinosteroid 0.3 parts.
[0037] The preparation method of the stimulant is as follows: rice seeds are soaked for germination, and when the rice sprouts grow to 15 mm, the germinated rice seeds are frozen for 10 h, and then crushed into powder. The powder is mixed with 15 times by weight of 80% volume concentration of ethanol aqueous solution, and then allowed to stand for 10 h. The filtrate is collected by filtration, and the stimulant is obtained.
[0038] The preparation method of the second component is as follows: the raw materials are weighed; the stimulant, gibberellin, auxin, sodium thiosulfate, mineral oil, polyvinyl alcohol, calcium chloride, potassium silicate, boric acid, and brassinosteroid are mixed, and then magnetically stirred for 2 h, and the second component is obtained.
[0039] (3) The third component comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: medium-nitrogen, low-phosphorus, and high-potassium compound fertilizer 35 parts, and medium-microelement fertilizer 14 parts. The preparation method of the third component is as follows: the medium-nitrogen, low-phosphorus, and high-potassium compound fertilizer and the medium-microelement fertilizer are uniformly mixed.
[0040] (4) The fourth component comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: complex sodium nitrophenolate 1.3 parts, isopentenyladenine 0.9 parts, glycine betaine 0.7 parts, mineral oil 14 parts, and polyvinyl alcohol 3 parts.
[0041] The preparation method of the fourth component is as follows: the raw materials are weighed; the complex sodium nitrophenolate, isopentenyladenine, glycine betaine, mineral oil, and polyvinyl alcohol are mixed, and then magnetically stirred for 50 min, and the fourth component is obtained.
[0042] The application method of the fertilizer of the present embodiment comprises the following steps: (1) 10-55 days after flowering, the first component is ring-applied around the crown of the macadamia tree every 20 days, the depth of the ditch is 10 cm, and the application amount is 1.5 kg per plant. After each application, the soil is covered and then watered.
[0043] (2) 10-55 days after flowering, the second component is sprayed every 15 days, and the application amount is 40 g per mu. Before spraying, the second component is diluted by 1000 times.
[0044] (3) 56 days after flowering to the fruit ripening period, the third component is ring-applied around the crown of the macadamia tree every 30 days, the depth of the ditch is 10 cm, and the application amount is 25 kg per mu.
[0045] (4) From the 56th day after anthesis to the fruit ripening period, spray the fourth component once every 25 days at an application rate of 30 g / mu. Dilute the fourth component 1000 times before spraying.
[0046] Example 3 A macadamia nut fruit-preserving and fruit-setting fertilizer based on hormone coordinated regulation, comprising a first component, a second component, a third component and a fourth component.
[0047] (1) The first component includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 14 parts of urea, 35 parts of vermiculite, 43 parts of water-retaining composite gel, 12 parts of humic acid, 13 parts of fluorescing Pseudomonas, 9 parts of actinomycetes and 43 parts of decomposed straw.
[0048] The preparation method of the water-retaining composite gel comprises the following steps: adding carboxymethyl cellulose to water at a concentration of 30 times by weight of the carboxymethyl cellulose, and magnetically stirring the mixture until the mixture is completely dissolved to obtain a first solution; adding chitosan to a 2% acetic acid aqueous solution at a concentration of 15 times by weight of the chitosan, and magnetically stirring the mixture until the mixture is completely dissolved to obtain a second solution; after uniformly mixing the first solution and the second solution, adding citric acid and uniformly stirring the mixture, and stirring the mixture in a water bath at a constant temperature of 65° C. for 40 minutes, and naturally cooling the mixture into a gel-like state to obtain the water-retaining composite gel; the weight ratio of the carboxymethyl cellulose, chitosan, and citric acid is 12:3:1.
[0049] The preparation method of the first component is as follows: taking each raw material according to the weight ratio; first dissolving urea in water to prepare a urea solution with a mass concentration of 75%, adding vermiculite to the urea solution, and waiting for the urea solution to be saturated by the vermiculite, then mixing the saturated vermiculite with a water-retaining composite gel to coat the surface of the vermiculite with a layer of the water-retaining composite gel, then mixing the vermiculite coated with the water-retaining composite gel with humic acid, and finally adding Pseudomonas fluorescens, actinomycetes and decomposed straw and mixing them evenly to obtain the first component.
[0050] (2) The second component includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 9 parts of stimulant, 0.5 parts of gibberellin, 0.3 parts of auxin, 3 parts of sodium thiosulfate, 13 parts of mineral oil, 4 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 7 parts of calcium chloride, 6 parts of potassium silicate, 0.08 parts of boric acid and 0.2 parts of brassinosteroids.
[0051] The preparation method of the stimulant is as follows: soaking rice seeds for germination, freezing the germinated rice seeds for 8 hours when the rice sprouts grow to 10 mm, crushing them into powder, mixing the powder with 12 times by weight of a 70% ethanol aqueous solution, letting it stand for 9 hours, filtering, and collecting the filtrate to obtain the stimulant.
[0052] The preparation method of the second component is as follows: taking the raw materials according to weight proportions; mixing stimulant, gibberellin, auxin, sodium thiosulfate, mineral oil, polyvinyl alcohol, calcium chloride, potassium silicate, boric acid and brassinosteroids, and magnetically stirring for 1.5 hours to obtain the second component.
[0053] (3) The third component includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of medium nitrogen, low phosphorus, high potassium compound fertilizer and 10 parts of medium and trace element fertilizer. The third component is prepared by mixing the medium nitrogen, low phosphorus, high potassium compound fertilizer and the medium and trace element fertilizer.
[0054] (4) The fourth component includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.9 parts of sodium nitrophenolate, 0.6 parts of isopentenyl adenine, 0.4 parts of glycine betaine, 11 parts of mineral oil and 2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol.
[0055] The fourth component is prepared by taking the raw materials in parts by weight; mixing sodium nitrophenolate, isopentenyl adenine, glycine betaine, mineral oil and polyvinyl alcohol, and stirring the mixture magnetically for 40 minutes to obtain the fourth component.
[0056] The method for applying fertilizer in this embodiment comprises the following steps: (1) From the 10th to the 55th day after flowering, dig a trench around the crown of the macadamia nut tree and apply the first component once every 18 days. The trench depth is 8 cm and the application rate is 1.2 kg per tree. After each application, cover with soil first and then irrigate.
[0057] (2) On the 10th to 55th day after flowering, spray the second component once every 12 days at an application rate of 35g / mu. Dilute the second component 900 times before spraying.
[0058] (3) From the 56th day after anthesis to the fruit ripening period, dig trenches around the crown of the macadamia nut tree and apply the third component once every 25 days. The trench depth is 8 cm and the application rate is 22 kg / mu.
[0059] (4) From the 56th day after anthesis to the fruit ripening period, spray the fourth component once every 22 days at an application rate of 25 g / mu. Dilute the fourth component 900 times before spraying.
[0060] To demonstrate the effectiveness of the fertilizer of the present invention, the applicant conducted a test at a macadamia nut planting base in Fusui County, Guangxi Province. The test was divided into five groups. Groups 1 through 3 used the fertilizers of Examples 1 through 3, respectively (applied according to the methods of use in each example). Group 4 used conventional methods to prevent fruit drop, namely, spraying exogenous auxins and gibberellins every 15 days during the physiological fruit drop period. Group 5 served as a blank control group, meaning no fruit drop prevention agents were used. The test subjects were eight-year-old macadamia trees of the Guangxi main cultivated variety, "Guire No. 1," with consistent vigor, good growth, well-stratified branches, and well-ventilated and light-permeable trunks. Each group had three trees, with three replicates. The cumulative fruit drop rates for each group were calculated at 50 days after anthesis (the early fruit drop period is generally 20-50 days after anthesis), 100 days after anthesis (the mid-fruit drop period is generally 50-100 days after anthesis), and 130 days after anthesis (the late fruit drop period is generally 100-130 days after anthesis). The results are shown in Table 1.
[0061] Five spikes of flowers were selected from each of the four locations on the test plant, located in the southeast, northwest, and northeast directions. Fruit set was surveyed four times on the 20th, 50th, 100th, and 130th days after anthesis. The number of fruits set on each spike was recorded. The number of fruits set on the 20th day after anthesis was considered the initial fruit set. The cumulative fruit drop rate was calculated on the 50th, 100th, and 130th days after anthesis. Cumulative fruit drop rate (%) = cumulative number of dropped fruits on the survey day / initial number of fruits set × 100.
[0062] Table 1 Cumulative fruit drop rate of each group As can be seen from Table 1, the fertilizer prepared by the present invention can reduce the physiological fruit drop rate in the early stage, so that the cumulative fruit drop rate in the early stage is reduced from the conventional 75% to 58-60%; at the same time, the fertilizer of the present invention can also reduce the physiological fruit drop rate in the middle and late stages, so that the cumulative fruit drop rate in the late stage is reduced from the conventional 85% to 62-64%.
[0063] Comparative Example 1: The fertilizer of this comparative example does not contain the first component, and the other components are the same as those in Example 1; when used, there is no step of using the first component, and the other usage methods are the same as those in Example 1.
[0064] Comparative Example 2: The first component of the fertilizer of this comparative example is prepared by mixing all the raw materials; the method of use is the same as that of Example 1.
[0065] The applicant conducted a trial at a macadamia nut planting base in Fusui County, Guangxi Province, with three groups. Group 1 used the fertilizer and application method of Example 1, while Groups 2 and 3 used the fertilizer and application method of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, respectively. The test subjects were eight-year-old macadamia trees of the Guangxi main cultivated variety, "Guire No. 1," with consistent tree vigor, good growth, well-defined branch stratification, and good ventilation and light transmission. Each group had three trees, with three replicates. The cumulative fruit drop rate for each group was calculated on the 20th day after anthesis, the 50th day after anthesis (early fruit drop), the 100th day after anthesis (mid-fruit drop), and the 130th day after anthesis (late fruit drop), using the same statistical method as above. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0066] Table 2 Cumulative fruit drop rate of each group The data of Comparative Example 1 in Table 2 show that without the use of the first component of the present invention, the cumulative fruit drop rate on the 100th day after anthesis and the cumulative fruit drop rate on the 130th day after anthesis increase significantly, indicating that the first component in the fertilizer of the present invention has the effects of retaining water and fertilizer and promoting the synthesis of anti-falling hormones in plants, and can effectively reduce the occurrence of early fruit drop and mid-to-late fruit drop, especially the occurrence of mid-to-late fruit drop. This may be because the water supply is sufficient in the early stage and the fruit stalk is less likely to break due to delamination when there is more rain in the later stage.
[0067] Comparative Example 3: The second component of the fertilizer in this comparative example does not contain stimulants, and the other components are the same as those in Example 1; the method of use is also the same as in Example 1.
[0068] Comparative Example 4: The second component of the fertilizer in this comparative example does not contain sodium thiosulfate, mineral oil and polyvinyl alcohol, and the other components are the same as those in Example 1; the method of use is also the same as that in Example 1.
[0069] Comparative Example 5: The second component of the fertilizer in this comparative example does not contain calcium chloride, potassium silicate, boric acid and brassinosteroids, and the other components are the same as those in Example 1; the method of use is also the same as in Example 1.
[0070] The applicant conducted a trial at a macadamia nut cultivation base in Fusui County, Guangxi Province, with four groups. Group 1 used the fertilizer and application method of Example 1, while Groups 2 through 4 used the fertilizer and application methods of Comparative Examples 3 through 5, respectively. The test subjects were eight-year-old macadamia trees of the Guangxi main cultivated variety, "Guire No. 1," with consistent vigor, good growth, well-stratified branches, and good ventilation and light transmission. Each group had three trees, with three replicates. The cumulative fruit drop rate for each group was calculated on the 50th day after anthesis (early fruit drop), 100th day after anthesis (mid-fruit drop), and 130th day after anthesis (late fruit drop), using the same statistical method as above. The results are shown in Table 3.
[0071] Table 3 Cumulative fruit drop rate of each group Table 3 shows that the raw materials of the second component of the present invention have a significant impact on early fruit drop, especially in Comparative Examples 3 and 4. In the absence of stimulants, sodium thiosulfate, mineral oil, and polyvinyl alcohol, the cumulative fruit drop rate on the 50th day after anthesis is high. Therefore, the second component of the present invention can effectively reduce the occurrence of early fruit drop.
[0072] Comparative Example 6: The third component of the fertilizer in this comparative example is nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and the other components are the same as those in Example 1; the method of use is the same as that in Example 1.
[0073] Comparative Example 7: The fertilizer of this comparative example does not contain the fourth component, and the other components are the same as those in Example 1; when used, there is no step of using the fourth component, and the other usage methods are the same as those in Example 1.
[0074] The applicant conducted a trial at a macadamia nut planting base in Fusui County, Guangxi Province, with three groups. Group 1 used the fertilizer and application method of Example 1, while Groups 2 and 3 used the fertilizer and application methods of Comparative Examples 6 and 7, respectively. The test subjects were eight-year-old macadamia trees of the Guangxi main cultivated variety, "Guire No. 1," with consistent tree vigor, good growth, well-stratified branches, and good ventilation and light transmission. Each group had three trees, with three replicates. The cumulative fruit drop rate for each group was calculated at 50 days after anthesis (early fruit drop), 100 days after anthesis (mid-fruit drop), and 130 days after anthesis (late fruit drop), using the same statistical method as above. The results are shown in Table 4.
[0075] Table 4 Cumulative fruit drop rate of each group Table 4 shows that the third component and the fourth component in the fertilizer of the present invention can be used together during the fruit expansion and ripening stages to reduce the occurrence of fruit drop in the middle and late stages.
[0076] The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention are for purposes of illustration and description. These descriptions are not intended to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and it is apparent that many variations and modifications are possible in light of the foregoing teachings. The exemplary embodiments have been selected and described for the purpose of explaining the specific principles of the invention and their practical application, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to realize and utilize a variety of exemplary embodiments of the invention and various options and modifications. The scope of the invention is intended to be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A macadamia nut fruit-preserving and fruit-setting fertilizer based on hormone synergistic regulation, characterized in that: The fertilizer includes a first component, a second component, a third component and a fourth component; The first component comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12-18 parts of urea, 30-40 parts of vermiculite, 40-45 parts of water-retaining composite gel, 5-15 parts of humic acid, 10-15 parts of fluorescing Pseudomonas, 5-15 parts of actinomycetes and 40-55 parts of decomposed straw; The second component comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 7-12 parts of stimulant, 0.3-0.6 parts of gibberellins, 0.2-0.5 parts of auxin, 1-4 parts of sodium thiosulfate, 10-15 parts of mineral oil, 3-5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 5-9 parts of calcium chloride, 3-8 parts of potassium silicate, 0.05-0.1 parts of boric acid and 0.1-0.3 parts of brassinosteroids; The third component includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of medium nitrogen, low phosphorus and high potassium compound fertilizer and 7-14 parts of medium and trace element fertilizer; The fourth component comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.8-1.3 parts of sodium nitrophenolate, 0.4-0.9 parts of isopentenyl adenine, 0.3-0.7 parts of glycine betaine, 8-14 parts of mineral oil and 1-3 parts of polyvinyl alcohol.
2. The macadamia nut fruit-preserving and fruit-setting fertilizer based on hormone coordinated regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the water-retaining composite gel comprises the following steps: adding carboxymethyl cellulose to 20-40 times by weight of water, and magnetically stirring until completely dissolved to obtain a first solution; adding chitosan to 10-20 times by weight of a 1-3% acetic acid aqueous solution, and magnetically stirring until completely dissolved to obtain a second solution; after uniformly mixing the first solution and the second solution, adding citric acid, and uniformly stirring the mixture; stirring the mixture in a water bath at a constant temperature of 60-70° C. for 30-50 minutes, and naturally cooling the mixture into a gel-like state to obtain the water-retaining composite gel.
3. The macadamia nut fruit-preserving and fruit-setting fertilizer based on hormone coordinated regulation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The weight ratio of the carboxymethyl cellulose, chitosan and citric acid is (10-15): (1-5):
1.
4. The macadamia nut fruit-preserving and fruit-setting fertilizer based on hormone coordinated regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the first component comprises the following steps: taking various raw materials by weight; first dissolving urea in water to prepare a urea solution with a mass concentration of 70-80%, adding vermiculite to the urea solution, and mixing the saturated vermiculite with a water-retaining composite gel until the urea solution is saturated with the vermiculite to coat the surface of the vermiculite with a layer of the water-retaining composite gel; then mixing the vermiculite coated with the water-retaining composite gel with humic acid; and finally adding Pseudomonas fluorescens, actinomycetes and decomposed straw to mix the mixture to obtain the first component.
5. The macadamia nut fruit-preserving and fruit-setting fertilizer based on hormone coordinated regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the stimulant comprises the following steps: soaking rice seeds for germination, freezing the germinated rice seeds for 5-10 hours when the rice sprouts grow to 5-15 mm, crushing the seeds into powder, mixing the powder with 8-15 times by weight of a 60-80% ethanol aqueous solution, allowing the mixture to stand for 8-10 hours, filtering, and collecting the filtrate to obtain the stimulant.
6. The macadamia nut fruit-preserving and fruit-setting fertilizer based on hormone coordinated regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the second component is as follows: taking the raw materials according to weight parts; mixing stimulant, gibberellin, auxin, sodium thiosulfate, mineral oil, polyvinyl alcohol, calcium chloride, potassium silicate, boric acid and brassinosteroid, and stirring magnetically for 1-2 hours to obtain the second component.
7. The macadamia nut fruit-preserving and fruit-setting fertilizer based on hormone coordinated regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the fourth component is as follows: taking the raw materials in parts by weight; mixing sodium nitrophenolate, isopentenyl adenine, glycine betaine, mineral oil and polyvinyl alcohol, and stirring magnetically for 30-50 minutes to obtain the fourth component.
8. A method for applying the macadamia nut fruit-preserving and fruit-setting fertilizer based on hormone synergistic regulation according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) 10-55 days after flowering, apply the first component once every 15-20 days around the crown of the macadamia nut tree at a rate of 1-1.5 kg per tree, and water immediately after each application; (2) On the 10th to 55th day after flowering, spray the second component once every 10-15 days at an application rate of 30-40 g / mu. Dilute the second component 800-1000 times before spraying. (3) From the 56th day after anthesis to the fruit ripening period, apply the third component once every 20-30 days around the crown of the macadamia tree by digging a trench at a rate of 20-25 kg / mu; (4) From the 56th day after anthesis to the fruit ripening period, spray the fourth component once every 20-25 days at an application rate of 20-30 g / mu. Dilute the fourth component 800-1000 times before spraying.
9. The method for applying a macadamia nut fruit-preserving and fruit-setting fertilizer based on hormone coordinated regulation according to claim 8, characterized in that: The depth of the trench is 5-10 cm. After the trench is dug and applied, soil is first covered and then water is irrigated.