Construction method of turbulent flow ecological revetment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of river and lake engineering treatment, in particular to a construction method of a turbulent flow ecological revetment, which comprises the following steps: 1) according to the current situation of a river bank slope to be protected, performing site selection of a protection area; (2) a structure used for disturbing water flow is designed in the protection area; (21) geological exploration is conducted on the protection area, and a basic treatment scheme of the turbulent flow structure is determined according to the geological condition of the protection area; 22) designing the size and arrangement diagram of the turbulent flow structure according to hydrological, geological and accident conditions of the protection area; 3) performing basic treatment on the protection area according to the basic treatment scheme; (4) turbulent flow structure construction is conducted in the protection area where foundation treatment is completed; according to the method, the water flow state can be improved, the river embankment and the revetment can be protected, the construction quality can be improved, the ecological environment can be protected, and it is ensured that the construction process is safe and reliable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of river and lake engineering management, and in particular relates to a construction method for flow-disturbing ecological bank protection. Background Art

[0002] Traditional revetment projects often utilize hard materials such as concrete and mortar masonry. While these materials offer good scour prevention, they significantly damage aquatic ecosystems and hinder the habitat and reproduction of aquatic life. In recent years, ecological revetment technology has gained increasing attention, aiming to achieve the dual goals of scour prevention and ecological protection. However, existing ecological revetment technologies still have shortcomings in terms of flow disturbance effectiveness, ease of construction, and ecological restoration capabilities.

[0003] Ecological revetment technology utilizes plants, or a combination of plants and engineering measures, to effectively reduce erosion and scouring of the bank's subsoil by currents and waves, while also enhancing landscaping and protecting the ecological environment. However, with the increasing use of revetment construction, existing revetment technologies often fail to meet the requirements for high efficiency and environmental beautification. Therefore, a solution is urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a construction method for a flow-disrupting ecological revetment, which can improve construction efficiency, enhance construction quality and ecological environment, and ensure a safe and reliable construction process.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, a construction method of a flow-disrupting ecological revetment of the present invention comprises the following steps: 1) Select the site of the protection area based on the current status of the river bank slope to be protected; 2) Design structures in the protected area to disrupt the water flow; 21) Conduct geological surveys of the protection area and determine the foundation treatment plan for the disturbance structure based on the geological conditions of the protection area; 22) Design the size and layout of the disturbance structure based on the hydrological, geological, and hazardous conditions of the protection area; 3) Carry out basic treatment of the protection area according to the basic treatment plan; 4) According to the size and layout of the spoiler structure, the spoiler structure shall be constructed in the protection area where the foundation treatment has been completed; 5) After the construction of the disturbance structure is completed, aquatic plants will be planted in the protection area to carry out ecological restoration work and form a disturbance ecological revetment; 6) Carry out quality inspection and regular maintenance of the ecological revetment with disturbance of flow.

[0006] Furthermore, the site selection and layout process of the protection zone in step 1) includes: 11) Based on the river flow, the distribution characteristics of incoming water and sediment, and the regional riverbed geology, the river bank oblique scour area, top scour area, nearshore beach area, and deep trough area are selected as the protection zone; 12) Determine the directional position of the spoiler structure in each partition of the protection zone and set the direction of the spoiler structure in each partition.

[0007] Furthermore, the process of performing basic treatment on the protection area in step 3) includes: 31) Clear weeds, debris and loose surface soil in the protection area, replace and / or compact the soil in the protection area, and level it; 32) Lay a layer of geotextile on the leveled foundation surface.

[0008] Furthermore, the flow-disrupting structure in step 2) extends in a zigzag shape into the water body of the river along the water flow direction of the bank slope of the river to be protected, and a combined flow-disrupting unit is provided on the water-facing surface of the flow-disrupting structure for resisting the impact of water flow.

[0009] Furthermore, at least two rows of flow-disrupting structures are provided in the nearshore beach area and the deep trough area in step 11), and the two rows of flow-disrupting structures are respectively connected to the bank slopes of the river bank to be protected, and the number of flow-disrupting structures in the nearshore beach area is greater than the number of flow-disrupting structures in the deep trough area.

[0010] Furthermore, the combined flow-disrupting unit includes prefabricated concrete blocks, eco-bags and gabions; the angle between the back surface of the flow-disrupting structure and the bank slope of the protected river channel is 25-35 degrees.

[0011] Furthermore, during the construction of the flow-disrupting structure, the flow-disrupting structure is fixed on the riverbed by anchoring or embedding into the bedrock.

[0012] Furthermore, an ecological vegetation area for disturbing the water in the river channel is provided between two adjacent flow-disturbing structures, and the ecological vegetation area constitutes a growth space for aquatic plants.

[0013] Furthermore, the ecological restoration process in step 5) includes: 51) Planting of aquatic and terrestrial plants between disturbance structures and on other exposed soil in protected areas; 52) Irrigate, fertilize and prune the planted plants; 53) Set up artificial fish nests and bird nests in the protection area.

[0014] Furthermore, the quality inspection and regular maintenance process described in step 6) includes: 61) Conduct quality inspections on completed river disturbance ecological revetments, including: checking the stability of the river disturbance structure, the survival rate of planted plants, and the installation of ecological facilities; 62) Establish a long-term maintenance mechanism to regularly inspect and maintain the ecological revetments, including timely replacement or repair of damaged disturbance structures; regular pruning, fertilization, and pest control of planted plants; and cleaning and maintenance of ecological facilities.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are embodied in: (1) The method provided by the present invention is simple to construct and has significant effects. It uses a flow-disturbing structure to interfere with the water flow to dissipate energy, so that the nearshore water flow is changed to a relatively slow flow area and the mainstream is selected. At the same time, it can maintain ecological balance and solve the problems of traditional protective backflow scouring the base, as well as the problems of river embankment oblique erosion, top erosion section slope collapse, emergency rescue, and unstable river flow.

[0016] (2) The method provided by the present invention has a good flow disturbance effect: by rationally designing and arranging the combined flow disturbance units on the water-facing surface of the flow disturbance structure, the water flow velocity can be effectively slowed down, the scouring force of the water flow on the revetment can be reduced, and at the same time, the dissolved oxygen content of the water body can be increased, thereby improving the water quality.

[0017] (3) The method provided by the present invention has a highly efficient ecological restoration capability: by planting a variety of aquatic plants and terrestrial plants, a stable vegetation cover can be quickly formed, providing abundant food and habitats for aquatic and terrestrial organisms, and promoting the restoration and improvement of biodiversity.

[0018] (4) The method provided by the present invention is convenient and economical to construct: using prefabricated concrete blocks, eco-bags and other materials, the construction process is simple and fast, easy to operate, and the material cost is relatively low, which has good economic efficiency.

[0019] (5) The method provided by the present invention has strong adaptability: it is applicable to different hydrological and geological conditions, such as bank protection projects in rivers, lakes, reservoirs and other water areas, and has broad prospects for promotion and application.

[0020] (6) The method provided by the present invention can improve construction efficiency: the construction period is greatly shortened by adopting the method of prefabrication and on-site assembly.

[0021] (7) The method provided by the present invention can enhance the structural stability: by anchoring and embedding into the bedrock, the stability of the spoiler structure is increased.

[0022] (8) The method provided by the present invention can protect the ecological environment: it does not change the soil conditions of the riverbed and bank, has little impact on the ecology, and can restore vegetation and beautify the landscape.

[0023] (9) The method provided by the present invention can prevent floods and drain water: it can effectively reduce the impact of water flow on the bank, prevent slope collapse, and improve flood control capabilities. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 Layout of the turbulence structure in the river along the water flow direction.

[0025] Reference signs and descriptions: 1, the river bank slope to be protected; 2, the turbulence structure; 21, the water-facing surface; 22, the backwater surface; 3, the combined turbulence unit; 4, the ecological vegetation area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. The embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0027] As shown in the drawings, Figure 1 The present application provides a construction method of a turbulence ecological revetment, comprising the following process steps: S1 site selection and layout design According to the river regime, the distribution characteristics of incoming water and sand, and the regional riverbed geological conditions, the bank slope inclined and toppling area of the river channel in the protection area is selected. This step is the key to ensure that the revetment engineering has strong pertinence and significant effect. Through in-depth analysis of the hydrogeological characteristics of the river, the area of the river bank slope 1 to be protected is accurately positioned, laying a foundation for subsequent construction.

[0028] The directional position of the partition turbulence structure 2 of each protection area is determined, and the turbulence structure 2 is arranged along the water flow direction on the river. Usually, at least two rows of turbulence structures 2 are arranged in the water flow concentration area of the near-shore beach area and the deep trough area, and the number of turbulence structures 2 in the near-shore beach area is more than that in the deep trough area. This partition layout design can reasonably arrange the number and position of the turbulence structure 2 according to the water flow characteristics and the importance of the region, and enhance the overall protection effect of the revetment.

[0029] S2 design turbulence structure 2 Geological exploration is carried out on the revetment area, and the foundation treatment scheme is determined according to the geological conditions, such as replacement and compaction, to improve the foundation bearing capacity.

[0030] This step ensures that the turbulence structure 2 can be stably installed on the foundation, providing protection for subsequent construction and long-term use.

[0031] According to the hydrology, geology, and danger of the selected protection area, the size and layout of the turbulence structure 2 are designed.

[0032] This step is the key to achieving the flow disturbance effect. Through precise calculation and design, the flow disturbance structure 2 can effectively slow down the water flow speed, change the water flow direction, and reduce the scouring force on the revetment.

[0033] A layer of geotextile is laid on the foundation surface to filter, drain and reinforce the foundation, preventing soil particles from being lost while providing a stable foundation for subsequent construction. The use of geotextile improves the stability of the foundation and enhances the overall performance of the revetment.

[0034] A combined flow-disrupting unit 3 is provided on the water-facing surface 21 of the flow-disrupting structure 2 . The combined flow-disrupting unit 3 includes prefabricated concrete blocks, eco-bags and gabions.

[0035] Each combined flow-disrupting unit 3 is assembled into a cylindrical triangular prism by plugging and assembling, which has strong adaptability to deformation and strong resistance to overturning. This structural design makes the combined flow-disrupting unit 3 have good stability and adaptability, and can play an effective role under different hydrogeological conditions.

[0036] S3 Basic Processing Clear weeds, debris, and loose surface soil from the revetment area to ensure a flat and solid foundation. This step is essential preparatory work before construction and provides a good foundation for the subsequent installation of the spoiler structure 2 and ecological restoration work.

[0037] S4 spoiler structure 2 construction The shape, size and arrangement of the flow-disrupting structure 2 are designed according to the hydrological conditions and ecological requirements of the revetment area.

[0038] The combined spoiler units 3 of the spoiler structure 2 can be made of materials such as precast concrete blocks, eco-bags, and gabions. Their shapes can be triangular, trapezoidal, or polygonal, adapting to varying flow conditions and ecological needs. The diverse designs of the spoiler structure 2 can meet the protection requirements of different scenarios, improving the applicability of the revetment project. The spoiler structure 2 is positioned within the revetment area according to the design requirements and installed manually or mechanically.

[0039] A certain distance should be maintained between the flow-disrupting structures 2 to form an effective flow-disrupting effect and provide growth space for aquatic plants. Reasonable spacing setting not only ensures the flow-disrupting effect, but also takes into account the needs of ecological restoration.

[0040] The spoiler structure 2 can be secured by anchoring or embedding into the bedrock to ensure its stability. For precast concrete blocks, anchor holes can be provided at the bottom, allowing them to be connected to the foundation via anchor rods. For eco-bags, they can be filled with soil and plant seeds, securing them through the weight of the bags and the friction between them. This variety of fixing options enhances the stability of the spoiler structure 2 and ensures its long-term effectiveness.

[0041] S5 Ecological Restoration Construction In the ecological vegetation zone 4 between two adjacent disturbance structures 2, or on other exposed soil within the revetment area, appropriate aquatic and terrestrial plants, such as reeds, cattails, and bermudagrass, should be sown or planted. Plant selection should consider their stress tolerance, growth rate, and ecological value to quickly establish a stable vegetation cover. This step is crucial for achieving ecological restoration. Through plant growth and reproduction, the aquatic ecosystem can be restored and improved, enhancing biodiversity.

[0042] Carry out plant maintenance and management, including irrigation, fertilization, and pruning, to promote their growth and development. Initially, drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation can be used to ensure water supply to the plants. Regular application of organic or compound fertilizers provides the nutrients the plants need. Prune plants promptly to maintain their optimal growth form and ecological function. Scientific maintenance and management can improve plant survival rates and growth quality, ensuring the stability and sustainability of ecological restoration efforts.

[0043] Artificial fish nests, bird nests, and other ecological facilities are installed within the revetment area to provide habitats and breeding grounds for aquatic animals and birds, increase biodiversity, and promote the balance and stability of the ecosystem. The installation of ecological facilities further enriches the ecological function of the revetment and enhances its ecological value.

[0044] S6 Quality Inspection and Maintenance Completed ecological revetments are inspected for quality, including the stability of the revetment structure, plant survival rates, and the presence of ecological facilities. Any non-compliant components are promptly repaired and adjusted. This step is crucial for ensuring construction quality. Through a comprehensive inspection of construction results, problems can be identified and resolved promptly, ensuring the quality and effectiveness of the revetment.

[0045] Establish a long-term maintenance mechanism to regularly inspect and maintain the ecological revetment. Damaged revetment structures should be promptly replaced or repaired; plants should be regularly pruned, fertilized, and pest-controlled; and ecological facilities should be cleaned and maintained to ensure their proper functioning. This long-term maintenance mechanism will ensure the durability and stability of the revetment and extend its service life.

[0046] Example 1: A river bank protection project is being implemented on a certain river. The river width is 30 meters, the flow velocity is 2 meters per second, and the length of the bank protection is 500 meters. Based on the site conditions and the above methods, the following construction plan is adopted: S1. Site selection and layout design: Based on the river flow and the distribution characteristics of incoming water and sediment, the oblique impact area of ​​the river bank is selected as the protection area, and three rows of disturbance structures 2 are arranged in the nearshore beach area and two rows are arranged in the deep trough area.

[0047] S2. Design of the spoiler structure 2: A geological survey was conducted on the revetment area, and the foundation treatment solution was determined to be compaction treatment. The combined spoiler unit 3 was designed with dimensions of 1 meter in length, 0.5 meters in width, and 0.3 meters in height, and was made of reinforced concrete slabs.

[0048] S3. Foundation treatment: Clear the weeds, debris and loose surface soil in the revetment area, compact the foundation, and lay a layer of geotextile.

[0049] S4. Construction of the spoiler structure 2: Use precast concrete blocks as the spoiler structure 2, arrange them in the revetment area according to the design requirements, and fix them by anchoring.

[0050] S5. Ecological restoration construction: Aquatic plants such as reeds and cattails are sown between the disturbance structures 2 and on other exposed soils in the revetment area, and terrestrial plants such as bermudagrass are planted for maintenance and management.

[0051] S6. Quality inspection and maintenance: Conduct quality inspections on completed river disturbance ecological revetments, establish a long-term maintenance mechanism, and conduct regular inspections and maintenance.

[0052] Example 2: A lake bank protection project has an area of ​​1,000 square meters, a water depth of 2 meters, and a bank protection length of 200 meters. Based on the site conditions and the above methods, the following construction plan is adopted: S1. Site selection and layout design: Based on the lake's hydrological characteristics and geological conditions, the lake's shore top scour area was selected as the protection area, and four rows of disturbance structures were arranged in the nearshore beach area.

[0053] S2. Design of the spoiler structure 2: A geological survey was conducted on the revetment area, and the basic treatment solution was determined to be replacement treatment. The combined spoiler unit 3 was designed with dimensions of 1.5 meters in length, 0.8 meters in width, and 0.5 meters in height, and was made of steel plates.

[0054] S3. Foundation treatment: clean up the weeds, debris and loose surface soil in the revetment area, replace the foundation, and lay a layer of geotextile.

[0055] S4. Construction of the flow-disrupting structure 2: Gabions are used as the flow-disrupting structure 2 and are arranged in the revetment area according to the design requirements. The gabions are fixed by their own weight and the friction between them.

[0056] S5. Ecological restoration construction: Plant aquatic plants and terrestrial plants, such as lotus, water lily, Manila grass, etc., between the disturbance structure 2 and other exposed soil in the bank protection area, and set up ecological facilities such as artificial fish nests and bird nests.

[0057] S6. Quality inspection and maintenance: Conduct quality inspections on completed river disturbance ecological revetments, establish a long-term maintenance mechanism, and conduct regular inspections and maintenance.

[0058] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A construction method for a flow-disrupting ecological revetment, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Select the site of the protection area based on the current status of the river bank slope to be protected (1); 2) Designing a flow-disturbing structure (2) in the protection zone to disrupt the water flow; 21) Conduct geological survey of the protection area and determine the basic treatment plan for the disturbance structure (2) based on the geological conditions of the protection area; 22) Design the size and layout of the disturbance structure (2) based on the hydrological, geological, and hazardous conditions of the protection area; 3) Carry out basic treatment of the protection area according to the basic treatment plan; 4) According to the size and layout of the spoiler structure (2), the spoiler structure (2) is constructed in the protection area where the foundation treatment is completed; 5) After the construction of the disturbance structure (2) is completed, aquatic plants are planted in the protection area to carry out ecological restoration construction and form a disturbance ecological bank protection; 6) Carry out quality inspection and regular maintenance of the ecological revetment with disturbance of flow.

2. The construction method of a flow-disrupting ecological revetment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The site selection and layout process of the protection zone described in step 1) includes: 11) Based on the river flow, the distribution characteristics of incoming water and sediment, and the regional riverbed geology, the river bank oblique scour area, top scour area, nearshore beach area, and deep trough area are selected as the protection zone; 12) Determine the directional position of the spoiler structure (2) in each partition of the protection zone and set the direction of the spoiler structure (2) in each partition.

3. The construction method of a flow-disrupting ecological revetment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The process of performing basic treatment on the protection area in step 3) includes: 31) Clear weeds, debris and loose surface soil in the protection area, replace and / or compact the soil in the protection area, and level it; 32) Lay a layer of geotextile on the leveled foundation surface.

4. The construction method of a flow-disrupting ecological revetment according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step 2), the flow-disrupting structure (2) extends in a zigzag shape into the water body of the river channel along the water flow direction of the bank slope (1) to be protected, and a combined flow-disrupting unit (3) is provided on the water-facing surface (21) of the flow-disrupting structure (2) for resisting the impact of the water flow.

5. A construction method for a flow-disrupting ecological revetment according to claim 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that: In step 11), at least two rows of flow-disrupting structures (2) are provided in the nearshore beach area and the deep trough area, the two rows of flow-disrupting structures (2) are respectively connected to the river bank slope (1) to be protected of the river bank, and the number of the flow-disrupting structures (2) in the nearshore beach area is greater than the number of the flow-disrupting structures (2) in the deep trough area.

6. The construction method of a flow-disrupting ecological revetment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The combined flow-disrupting unit (3) comprises prefabricated concrete blocks, eco-bags and gabions; the angle between the back surface (22) of the flow-disrupting structure (2) and the bank slope (1) of the river to be protected is 25-35 degrees.

7. The construction method of a flow-disrupting ecological revetment according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the construction of the flow-disrupting structure (2), the method of fixing the flow-disrupting structure (2) on the riverbed includes anchoring or embedding into the bedrock.

8. The construction method of a flow-disrupting ecological revetment according to claim 1, characterized in that: An ecological vegetation area (4) for disturbing the water in the river channel is provided between two adjacent flow-disturbing structures (2), and the ecological vegetation area (4) constitutes a growth space for aquatic plants.

9. The construction method of a flow-disrupting ecological revetment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ecological restoration process described in step 5) includes: 51) Planting of aquatic and terrestrial plants between the disturbance structures (2) and on other exposed soils in the protection area; 52) Irrigate, fertilize and prune the planted plants; 53) Set up artificial fish nests and bird nests in the protection area.

10. The construction method of a flow-disrupting ecological revetment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quality inspection and regular maintenance process described in step 6) includes: 61) Quality inspection of the completed river disturbance ecological revetment includes: checking the damage and stability of the river disturbance structure (2), the survival rate of the planted plants, and the installation of ecological facilities; 62) Establish a long-term maintenance mechanism to regularly inspect and maintain the ecological revetments of the river disturbance: including timely replacement or repair of damaged river disturbance structures (2); regular pruning, fertilization and pest control of planted plants; and cleaning and maintenance of ecological facilities.

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