Large-scale multi-node high-throughput data communication system for energy storage batteries

Abstract

The application relates to the field of energy storage battery communication management, and particularly discloses a large-scale multi-node high-throughput data communication system of an energy storage battery, which comprises a device layer, a communication layer and a management and scheduling layer; the management of the device layer on the battery comprises an IP mode and grouping management based on the battery state; the wideband industrial bus of the communication layer is used for transmitting data between BMUs, BCU and BAU in a BMS and for data interaction between the BMS and an EMS; a distributed domain bus is used for dividing a plurality of BMSs into different domains and realizing cluster communication between BMS nodes in each domain. Cluster management is realized by using the distributed domain bus, the problems of complex traditional networking wiring and difficult maintenance are solved, unified scheduling of energy storage devices of different manufacturers is realized through a self-defined domain address strategy, and the addressing efficiency and distributed management and control capacity of large-scale nodes are optimized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of energy storage battery communication management, in particular to a large-scale multi-node high-throughput data communication system for energy storage batteries. BACKGROUND

[0002] In recent years, energy storage technology has developed rapidly, especially in the aspect of renewable energy and grid interaction, and plays an increasingly important role. With the large-scale application of new energy technologies such as photovoltaic and wind power, the communication demand of energy storage systems is also growing. The increase in energy storage capacity and the richness of types make the demand for efficient and stable data communication systems particularly urgent. These communication systems need to support key functions such as battery management and energy monitoring, while ensuring high throughput and low latency in large-scale energy storage systems.

[0003] Current energy storage system communication technologies mainly include the following ways:

[0004] Battery management system (EMS): through CAN bus and other protocols to monitor the state of the battery.

[0005] Energy monitoring system (PCS): using wireless sensor networks or optical fiber communication to monitor the energy output and efficiency of the energy storage system in real time.

[0006] Battery state management system (BMS): through I2C or SPI low-power interface to accurately control and protect the state of the battery.

[0007] This traditional energy storage communication technology has obvious low bandwidth and poor real-time performance, and cannot meet the communication requirements of large-scale high-throughput energy storage systems. For real-time monitoring of energy storage systems, wideband data transmission requirements, and large-scale energy storage data (million-kilowatt-level energy storage capacity), traditional bus and Ethernet communication cannot meet the communication bandwidth and real-time requirements. For future intelligent energy storage strategy deployment, it also cannot meet the distributed management and control requirements of different manufacturers' energy storage equipment.

[0008] The development of energy storage systems faces the demand for large-capacity multi-node cluster management. More energy storage nodes access, higher requirements for communication bandwidth and real-time performance, and the realization of a large-scale energy storage communication system combining distributed and centralized management to fully optimize energy efficiency balanced management. In traditional energy storage systems, each subsystem uses industrial switches or network bridge to realize star network architecture. This networking requires a large number of cables and connectors, and the networking is complex and difficult to maintain. The on-site communication uses narrowband communication technology, which has poor real-time performance and low on-site communication bandwidth, and cannot transmit more analysis and calculation data of intelligent terminals. For large-scale node composed energy storage systems, addressing is difficult, and it is difficult to realize fine management of a cluster or a package of batteries.

[0009] In a related prior art scheme, a large-scale distributed energy storage communication system based on Ethernet has high bandwidth, strong real-time performance, mature technology, support for multiple networking features, strong anti-interference capability, and other advantages, but has disadvantages of high wiring cost, complex construction and maintenance, wiring difficulty in limited space and environment, and high development and maintenance cost due to separate PTP protocol for clock synchronization and complex protocol stack; a large-scale distributed energy storage communication system based on RS485 / CAN serial communication technology has good compatibility, easy connection with traditional energy storage system terminal equipment, full access to device data, and mature and stable application, but has disadvantages of low bandwidth, poor real-time performance, and difficulty in meeting the intelligent unmanned management requirements of large-scale energy storage systems.

[0010] With the popularization of energy storage applications, the scale of the energy storage system is becoming larger and larger, and the node and data communication volume in the energy storage system is also becoming larger and larger. The traditional energy storage system cannot meet the data communication needs of more and more intelligent terminal devices, and cannot meet the communication resources required by the energy storage system business itself due to large-scale node calculation, and there is a large gap and risk in real-time performance and bandwidth. In order to meet the data communication needs of large-scale multi-node high-throughput energy storage systems, the present application is proposed to realize high-bandwidth and high-real-time communication effect of the entire energy storage system. SUMMARY

[0011] The present application aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a large-scale multi-node high-throughput data communication system for energy storage batteries to solve the problems raised in the background art.

[0012] The large-scale multi-node high-throughput data communication system for energy storage batteries comprises a device layer, a communication layer, and a management and scheduling layer.

[0013] The device layer comprises a plurality of battery groups, each battery group being equipped with a BMS, and each BMS comprising a BMU, a BCU, and a BAU. The management of the device layer for the battery includes IP-based mode and grouping management based on the state of the battery.

[0014] The communication layer includes a wideband industrial bus, a distributed domain bus, an IP address management unit, a routing unit, and a whole network time synchronization unit. The wideband industrial bus is used for data transmission between BMUs, BCUs, and BAUs within the BMS and for data interaction between the BMS and the EMS. The distributed domain bus is used for dividing a plurality of BMSs into different domains and realizing cluster communication between BMS nodes in each domain. The IP address management unit is used for allocating the same network address to each BMU, BCU, and BAU in the system and independently mapping the corresponding global IP address. The routing unit is configured with a two-layer routing and a three-layer routing and is used for performing data forwarding between the BAU and the EMS and realizing data intercommunication between the BMS subsystem and the upper management system. The whole network time synchronization unit is used for providing a unified time reference signal for all communication nodes.

[0015] The management and scheduling layer includes an EMS, an intelligent analysis unit, and a policy scheduling unit. The EMS is used for uniformly collecting running state data of a plurality of distributed BMSs and performing centralized monitoring. The intelligent analysis unit is used for performing model calculation based on the collected data and performing energy efficiency optimization, fault prediction, and running state evaluation. The policy scheduling unit is used for issuing a control policy according to the analysis result and performing coordinated operation and task scheduling of the distributed BMS cluster.

[0016] Further, the device layer manages the battery grouping based on the battery state. Specifically, the device layer aggregates running data of the BMU and the BCU through the BAU in real time, dynamically combines the battery family according to the policy issued by the upper layer and the state parameters of the battery, and divides the battery family into the same management group when the policy requires centralized regulation and control of the battery family in a specific state.

[0017] Further, the distributed domain bus is used for dividing a plurality of BMSs into different domains. Specifically, in the division process, each BMS is assigned a unique domain address identifier according to the domain in which it is located. In the domain address identifier, the high 4 bits of the address are used as the domain identifier, and the low bits of the address are kept unique. Each BMS node in the domain is addressed through the domain address identifier.

[0018] Further, each domain bus is provided with a master node. The master node is used for coordinating the communication behavior of all BMS nodes in the domain, including scheduling data transmission priority, processing node access and exit requests, and monitoring the state of the communication link in the domain.

[0019] Further, the distributed domain bus is configured with a domain control. The set of BAUs and BCUs is centrally managed by the domain control. The domain control integrates the BMU collected data of each BAU and the control state of the BCU.

[0020] Further, each BMS node is configured with an independent communication processing module within the domain, which is used to parse, pack and forward data frames from other nodes in the same domain, and dynamically adjust the communication response strategy according to the data type and source address.

[0021] Further, each BMS of the device layer includes two wideband industrial bus interfaces, one of which is a southbound interface for connecting the BMU and the BCU inside the BMS, and the other is a northbound interface for connecting the communication layer and the management and scheduling layer outside the BMS.

[0022] Further, the IP address management unit is internally integrated with an address allocation module, a mapping rule control module and a security policy interface, the address allocation module allocates addresses through static presetting and dynamic registration, the mapping rule control module establishes a mapping table for all allocated addresses, and the security policy interface configures an access control list according to management permissions to limit the management commands and data flow paths of different levels.

[0023] Further, the routing unit is configured with two-layer routing and three-layer routing, the two-layer routing is used for data forwarding between BAU nodes in the same subnet or the same domain, and the data frame is identified and the path is selected through the MAC address or the domain logical identifier, and the three-layer routing is used for cross-domain forwarding of data packets between different subnets, different domains or remote BMSs.

[0024] Further, the network-wide time synchronization unit transmits a unified reference time signal to nodes at all levels through clock synchronization, and adds timestamp information to each data frame generation and control command issuance, and the time synchronization signal is distributed through the wideband bus or the domain bus.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows:

[0026] By adopting the wideband industrial bus, the communication bandwidth and real-time performance of the energy storage system are significantly improved, the fine collection and control of battery voltage, current and temperature data are realized, high-precision data basis is provided for energy efficiency balancing algorithm, and the service life of the battery is prolonged; the distributed domain bus is used to realize cluster management, solve the problems of complex traditional networking and wiring, and difficult maintenance, and the unified scheduling of energy storage devices of different manufacturers is realized through the self-defined domain address strategy, the addressing efficiency and distributed management and control capability of large-scale nodes are optimized; based on the network-wide time synchronization strategy, the time error of data collection and control in the traditional technology is eliminated, the clock consistency from the collection terminal to the management unit is ensured, and the real-time collaborative processing capability of the system is improved; with the unified IP address management, the unique addressing of all nodes of the energy storage system and the one-network-to-bottom management mode are realized, the battery cluster state grouping management and routing forwarding are supported, the high-throughput data interaction and intelligent strategy deployment requirements of the million-kilowatt energy storage system are met, and the economic value of the system is maximized. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a system architecture diagram of the large-scale multi-node high-throughput data communication system for the energy storage battery of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a system architecture diagram of the large-scale multi-node high-throughput data communication system for the energy storage battery of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a system architecture diagram of a data communication system for energy storage batteries in the existing technology;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of node partitioning in a distributed domain bus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the IP address management unit in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of the network-wide time synchronization unit in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0033] A data communication system for large-scale multi-node energy storage batteries, such as Figures 1-2 As shown, it includes the device layer, communication layer, and management and scheduling layer; Reference Figure 1 As shown, within the device layer, the BMS of each battery pack, the BMU, BCU, and BAU interact via a broadband industrial bus. This bus supports high-bandwidth, low-latency data transmission, ensuring that basic data of individual battery cells collected by the BMU can be quickly uploaded to the BAU, and that operation commands executed by the BCU, such as charging / discharging, equalization control, and fault protection, can be accurately sent to the corresponding nodes. During data transmission, all information collected by the BMU and commands sent by the BCU are timestamped. These timestamps are generated based on a unified time reference provided by the network-wide time synchronization unit, ensuring that the data of each node within the device layer remains consistent in the time dimension, providing a reliable time reference for subsequent status analysis and control coordination.

[0034] The device layer manages battery packs and battery groups using an IP-based approach. Each battery pack's corresponding BCU, each battery group's BMU cluster, and the BAU responsible for aggregation management are all assigned unique network addresses. These addresses are associated with the physical affiliation and logical grouping of battery packs and battery groups according to preset rules, enabling direct location of specific battery packs or battery groups through these addresses. This achieves accurate identification and unique addressing of each component at the device layer, facilitating direct access to target objects by the upper-level management and scheduling system through addresses.

[0035] The battery state-based group management is realized by the cooperative control of the BAU at the device layer. The BAU collects the operation data of the BMU and the BCU in real time, and dynamically combines the battery groups according to the strategy issued by the upper layer and the state parameters such as the voltage, current and temperature of the battery. When the strategy requires centralized regulation and control of the battery group in a specific state, the BAU can identify the battery group meeting the conditions according to the state parameters, divide it into the same management group, and execute unified charge-discharge balancing or protection control, to ensure the pertinence and effectiveness of the combined management.

[0036] The self-defined data frame format adopted by the device layer includes source node identification, destination node identification, data type identification, timestamp, valid data segment and check segment. The source node identification and the destination node identification correspond to the IP address information of each node of the device layer, the data type identification distinguishes between collected data and control instructions, the timestamp ensures the time consistency of the data frame, and the check segment is used to detect the integrity in the data transmission process. Through this format, the accuracy, efficiency and recognizability of the data transmission within the device layer are ensured, meeting the communication requirements of high bandwidth and high real-time performance.

[0037] In the management strategy based on the domain bus of the communication layer, each domain bus is provided with a master node, which is the core of communication and management within the domain, responsible for coordinating the communication behavior of all BMS nodes within the domain, including scheduling data transmission priority, processing node access and exit request, monitoring the state of the communication link within the domain, etc. The master node collects the operation data uploaded by each BAU in the domain in real time, and uniformly maintains the node address list and state information within the domain. When cross-domain interaction is needed, the master node serves as the only interface to interface with the master nodes of other domains or the upper layer management system, ensuring the orderliness and security of cross-domain data transmission, while dynamically adjusting the allocation of communication resources according to the load situation within the domain to ensure the real-time transmission of critical data.

[0038] Under the unified processing mechanism of the domain control, the collection of BAU and BCU is centrally managed by the domain control system. The domain control integrates the BMU collection data of each BAU and the control state of the BCU, and realizes the centralized analysis of data and the unified generation of instructions through the preset cooperative logic. The BAU does not need to interact with the upper layer one by one, but submits the data directly to the domain control, which analyzes and issues the coordinated control commands to the BCU after comprehensive analysis, reducing the delay caused by hierarchical transmission. At the same time, the domain control monitors the operation state of BAU and BCU in real time, and when an abnormal node occurs, it can quickly switch to a standby node or start a redundant link to ensure that the control process is not interrupted, thereby improving the real-time response capability and operation reliability of the overall system.

[0039] The routing function of the communication layer is implemented by a routing unit, supporting intra-domain layer 2 routing and cross-domain layer 3 routing. Through cooperation with the IP address management unit, the target node is accurately located according to the IP address information of the node, and efficient forwarding of data between different BAUs and between BAU and EMS is realized. For cluster management, the routing function can automatically identify the node addresses of the same management group according to the cluster policy, and batch forward the control instructions or collection requests to the target nodes, reducing the overhead of individual addressing. During the routing process, the broadband industrial bus provides a high-bandwidth and low-latency transmission channel to ensure the rapid interaction of a large amount of data within the cluster, and all data transmitted through the bus are attached with timestamps generated by the network-wide time synchronization unit, so that each piece of data routed has a consistent time reference, ensuring the alignment of data from each node in the cluster in the time dimension, and providing accurate timing reference for state coordination and policy execution in cluster management.

[0040] The energy management server of the management and scheduling layer undertakes the function of global monitoring, establishes stable connection with each domain master node through the broadband industrial bus of the communication layer, and can directly access any node in the distributed BMS through the unique addressing mechanism provided by the IP address management unit, to obtain the battery monomer data collected by the BMU, the control state of the BCU and the aggregation information of the BAU in real time. The server integrates the received data in a structured manner, combines the unified timestamp given by the network-wide time synchronization unit, and constructs a dynamic view covering the running state of all battery packs. When voltage abnormalities, temperature overruns and other situations are detected, the server immediately triggers an alarm and associates the physical location information of the corresponding node, supports management personnel to quickly locate the problem source, and automatically saves historical data to form traceable operation records, providing a basis for long-term energy efficiency analysis.

[0041] Based on the global data gathered by the energy management server, the intelligent analysis based on large models works. Through training of massive historical operation data and real-time collected multi-dimensional parameters, the large model forms a deep understanding of battery characteristics, operation rules and environmental influences. In the analysis process, the model combines the time synchronization data of each node to identify the state correlation of battery packs in different domains, such as comparing the charge-discharge curves of different battery packs with the same timestamp to judge the energy efficiency balance state, predicting potential degradation risks using voltage and temperature trends of battery monomers, and optimizing dynamic strategies for energy scheduling based on external load fluctuations and battery response characteristics. The large model has the ability to iterate autonomously, and can continuously modify the analysis logic according to newly generated operation data, improving the accuracy of energy efficiency optimization suggestions and fault warnings.

[0042] The policy scheduling delivery link generates control strategies for different scenarios based on the output of intelligent analysis. The policy scheduling unit divides the policy instructions by domain through the routing function of the communication layer, transmits them to the corresponding domain master node via the domain bus, and then distributes them to the relevant BAU and BCU according to the IP address by the master node. For cross-domain collaborative strategies, the instructions are transmitted between different domains through three-layer routing, relying on the time synchronization mechanism to ensure that each node executes the operation within the same time window, such as synchronously charging and discharging the battery pack in multiple domains. The policy content includes specific control parameters and execution priority. After receiving the BAU, the BCU can be directly driven without secondary analysis, and the execution result is fed back to the energy management server in real time, forming a scheduling closed loop to ensure the timeliness and accuracy of policy implementation.

[0043] In a specific embodiment, the device layer includes multiple battery packs, each equipped with a BMS, and each BMS includes a BMU, a BCU, and a BAU.

[0044] BMS is the core of the entire battery management system, responsible for monitoring, protecting, and controlling the battery pack. Through monitoring and control of each battery cell, the BMS ensures the safe, stable, and efficient operation of the battery pack.

[0045] BMU is a battery cell, which is part of the BMS, responsible for real-time monitoring and control of individual battery cells, reporting collected data to the BMS, and adjusting according to BMS instructions.

[0046] BCU is a battery control unit, mainly responsible for advanced control of battery management, managing the operation of the entire battery system, including: controlling battery charging and discharging according to BMS instructions; ensuring that the power between each battery cell remains balanced to avoid overcharging or over-discharging individual cells; monitoring the overall health status of the battery pack and initiating safety protection measures when necessary; and communicating with the BMS for collaborative work.

[0047] BAU is a battery cluster unit, which is a component of the BMS that manages multiple battery cells (or battery packs), used to: aggregate data from multiple BMUs and BCUs and collaborate with the BMS; when the battery system is large, BAU manages multiple battery cells or battery packs to ensure stable operation of the system; and adjusts the working state of the battery pack according to demand to ensure the overall efficiency and safety of the system.

[0048] The communication layer includes a wideband industrial bus, a distributed domain bus, an IP address management unit, a routing unit, and a full-network time synchronization unit. The wideband industrial bus is used for data transmission between BMUs, BCUs, and BAUs within the BMS, and for data interaction between the BMS and the EMS.

[0049] The wideband industrial bus is used to connect BMUs, BCUs, and BAUs within the BMS, supporting high-bandwidth and high-real-time data transmission. By optimizing data transmission paths and transmission rates, the bus ensures that data collection and control instructions from battery cells to control units can be quickly and accurately transmitted. Specifically, BMUs are responsible for real-time collection of basic data such as voltage, current, and temperature of each battery cell, and the collected data is uploaded to the BAU through the wideband industrial bus. BCU performs advanced control tasks such as battery charging and discharging, balancing control, and fault protection through the wideband industrial bus, and feeds back relevant control data to BMU and BAU.

[0050] As an aggregation unit of multiple BMUs and BCUs, BAU is responsible for managing data interaction and state coordination of multiple battery units, and with the help of the wideband industrial bus, it interacts with the EMS through the northbound bus. In this way, the EMS can obtain the health status, efficiency data, and energy efficiency balancing of the battery system in a timely manner, and issue precise scheduling and control commands based on these data. The high bandwidth and low latency characteristics of the wideband industrial bus enable large-scale energy storage systems to handle massive data, ensuring real-time and high efficiency of the system.

[0051] In addition, the wideband industrial bus also serves as a data bridge between BMS and EMS, responsible for transmitting important state information, control instructions, and alarm data between the two levels. EMS connects to each BMS through the wideband industrial bus to obtain and monitor the running status of the entire energy storage system. Through this bus, EMS can realize cluster management of the energy storage system, ensure the coordination of each BMS subsystem, and accurately control the charging and discharging status and health status of each battery pack.

[0052] Through the wideband industrial bus, the efficiency and accuracy of battery management can be significantly improved. Compared with traditional CAN bus or RS485 serial communication (as shown in Figure 3 The wideband industrial bus has greater bandwidth and lower latency, supporting more data traffic and enabling more precise battery management. Especially in large-scale energy storage systems, the advantages of the wideband industrial bus are more prominent, meeting the needs of large-scale, high-concurrency, and high-precision data communication, ensuring the stability and economic benefits of the system.

[0053] The distributed domain bus is used to divide a plurality of BMSs into different domains, realize cluster communication between BMS nodes in each domain, and control data scheduling and unified management between different domains through a domain-level master node.

[0054] In the process of dividing the plurality of BMSs into different domains, a self-defined domain address coding rule is adopted, the high 4 bits of the address are taken as a domain identifier, for example, 0x01 represents a BMS cluster of area A, and 0x02 represents a BMS cluster of area B. The last 8 bits of the address of each BMS node in each domain remain unique and are used to distinguish different BMS devices in the same domain. The division of the domain supports dynamic adjustment. When a new BMS device is accessed, a new domain ID can be allocated according to the system planning, or the new BMS device can be incorporated into an existing domain. At the same time, in order to ensure the communication isolation and priority control between different domains, a domain access authority management mechanism is built into the bus protocol. Only an authorized domain-level master node can schedule data across domains to prevent illegal access and data conflicts and ensure system security and stability.

[0055] For the management of distributed energy storage systems, communication and data assembly scheduling need to be completed among more BMSs. The use of traditional Ethernet switches for networking is complex and difficult to maintain. The use of traditional serial buses such as CAN bus has low bandwidth and poor real-time performance. The use of a wideband bus can improve bandwidth and real-time performance while achieving cluster management using a wideband bus addressing strategy. The system can meet the management needs by defining domains for different energy storage systems, i.e., the system ensures accurate data transmission and management between different domains through a self-defined address mapping rule. Each BMS is assigned a unique domain address identifier according to its domain. By taking the high bit part as the domain identifier, the system can effectively distinguish and manage nodes in multiple domains. For nodes in each BMS, the low bit part of the address remains unique to ensure that nodes in the same domain can be accurately located and communicated through their addresses. Through this addressing strategy, automatic identification and scheduling of different areas or nodes can be achieved, simplifying the system expansion process while ensuring that data transmission in the network is not disturbed. In addition, after using this strategy, the system can flexibly adjust the node position within the domain and efficiently manage and schedule data flow between different BMSs, avoiding data conflicts or loss and ensuring the stability and efficiency of large-scale energy storage systems. Figure 4 For example, for three BMSs A, B and C, the EMS can realize cluster management of the three BMSs. The EMS regards the three BMSs as one large energy storage system, and the three BMSs belong to different domains. Therefore, the three domain address segments can be 0x0100, 0x0200 and 0x0300 respectively, and the last 8 bits of the address of each node in the BMS remain unchanged.

[0056] For EMS, the three BMSs belong to the distributed energy storage system, so the address high 4 bit positions are always consistent, so that EMS can realize unified management and scheduling of the distributed energy storage system composed of the three BMSs, and users can define the domain ID of the three BMSs according to the positions and importance of the three BMSs, so that it is also beneficial to the deployment and implementation of cluster strategy.

[0057] The master control of the BMS always has two wideband bus interfaces, a southward interface for processing BMS subsystem data acquisition and control, and a northward interface for uploading collected data and accepting scheduling control commands from EMS or PCS. The master control of the BMS forms a south-north bidirectional communication structure by configuring two wideband bus interfaces. The southward interface is mainly used to connect the BMU and the BCU inside the BMS, realize real-time data acquisition and control instruction issuing of battery monomers and battery packs, and ensure the stable execution of key functions such as charge and discharge control, balance regulation and state monitoring. The northward interface undertakes the task of connecting the communication layer and the management and scheduling layer, is responsible for uploading the collected refined data to EMS in time, receives the instructions such as energy efficiency optimization and operation control issued from EMS or PCS, and supports cross-system collaborative management and scheduling.

[0058] In this architecture, the southward bus communication supports high-speed and high-precision data flow, ensuring that the state change of each battery monomer can be fed back to the BAU within milliseconds, effectively improving the accuracy and response ability of battery management. At the same time, the northward communication channel is closely integrated with the domain bus and the IP address management system, so that the master control unit can directly interact with multiple EMS nodes or intelligent scheduling platforms, facilitating the rapid response of distributed control commands and the efficient distribution of scheduling instructions.

[0059] In specific embodiments, to ensure the stability and timeliness of bidirectional communication, the master control unit integrates independent data cache and priority scheduling modules inside, sets differentiated transmission priorities for key control data and state reporting data, so that the communication link can still be kept smooth when the system load is high or multiple task scheduling is concurrent. Each master control unit can also dynamically match the network address of the target node according to the number of the domain, realize seamless connection of instructions and data inside and outside the domain by means of integrated time synchronization mechanism, and improve the coordinated execution ability of the whole system.

[0060] In addition, the master control structure supports hot plug and remote configuration functions, making the system have good scalability and maintenance convenience. Whether in the intensive deployment scenario of regional power stations or in the multi-point joint control application of distributed microgrids, it can quickly adapt to different deployment scales and network structures, meet the needs of future energy storage communication intelligentization, automation and high reliability.

[0061] In each domain, to realize the cluster communication between BMS nodes, the BAU of all BMSs in the domain has the ability of broadcast and point-to-point communication, supports multiple communication mechanisms such as multicast and unicast, and guarantees the data synchronization and command coordination between nodes. A unified communication scheduling mechanism is preset in the domain bus protocol, and a master node is set in each domain to schedule the communication behavior of other BMS nodes, realize message priority sorting, access conflict processing and automatic fault isolation, and ensure stable operation of the system under high concurrency communication scenarios.

[0062] Each BMS node inside a domain is addressed through a predefined address rule, and the nodes can communicate based on a task model triggered by a strategy, that is, when a certain BMS node monitors a specific battery state or environmental change, it can broadcast state information or request cooperative scheduling to other nodes in the domain according to the strategy. A synchronization cache mechanism is also provided in the domain, and some key state variables are shared between nodes to support cross-node linkage control and data fusion calculation, and improve the cooperation efficiency and processing accuracy of cluster communication.

[0063] The domain communication protocol supports a high-reliability transmission mechanism, with built-in error detection, automatic retransmission and congestion control functions, which adapts to dynamically changing load environments. Each BMS node is configured with an independent communication processing module in the domain, which is responsible for parsing, packaging and forwarding data frames from other nodes in the same domain, and dynamically adjusting the communication response strategy according to the data type and source address. This approach improves the collaboration between nodes, enabling the entire domain to form a unified scheduling, information sharing and state linkage cluster communication system, meeting the core requirements of large-scale node autonomous cooperation for distributed energy storage systems.

[0064] When the domain-level master node controls the data scheduling and unified management between different domains, the system sets the master node of each domain as the only bridge for internal and external interaction, ensuring the orderliness of cross-domain communication and the efficiency of command transmission. The domain-level master node has intelligent scheduling and cooperative control functions, can gather data from all BMS nodes in the domain, and coordinate the execution of corresponding control tasks by the sub-nodes in the domain according to the global strategy instructions from the EMS. At the same time, the master node plays the role of a gateway for cross-domain communication, interacts with other domains or management and scheduling layers according to a unified communication protocol and routing strategy.

[0065] In the implementation process, the domain-level master node has the ability to schedule the communication behavior in the domain, can forward data and manage load according to task priority, and ensure that critical business can still run stably under high communication pressure. The node authenticates and manages cross-domain data interaction through access control strategies to prevent unauthorized instructions from interfering with the operation of the domain. At the same time, it has the ability of dynamic addressing and path optimization, and can intelligently adjust the communication path according to the network state, node load and other conditions, improving the efficiency and robustness of the overall system.

[0066] The domain-level master node also undertakes different inter-domain state synchronization, abnormal intercommunication and collaborative response tasks, and ensures consistency of each domain in policy deployment, energy efficiency management and fault response. Through collection and distribution of time synchronization information, scheduling strategy and state feedback and other data, the node realizes the key transition from distributed autonomy to network-wide collaboration, supporting unified management and regulation of the entire system under high concurrency and complex network structure. This design effectively supports the system goals of high scalability, high consistency and strong adaptability of the multi-domain energy storage system.

[0067] The IP address management unit is used to allocate a unique network address for each BMU, BCU and BAU in the system, and establish a corresponding relationship between the global IP address according to the preset address mapping rule, so as to realize unified addressing and management of all nodes;

[0068] In specific embodiments, as shown in Figure 5 Each terminal device has the same network address, and the corresponding global IP address is independently mapped, and the domain ID reflects the location of the network ID. For EMS and PCS, any one node in the distributed energy storage system can be data collected and controlled through the IP address.

[0069] The IP address management unit in the system is a network layer core component, which completes the unique identification allocation and address mapping of all energy storage sub-nodes (BMU, BCU, BAU) through close coupling with the communication layer. Based on the unified address allocation strategy, the unit establishes a corresponding IP address for each device node, and combines the hierarchical structure and domain division mechanism of the system. The IP address not only has network layer reachability, but also embeds the domain, function type and topological position information of the node, so that the system can still efficiently complete addressing and identification under complex network topology. The IP address management unit integrates an address allocation module and a mapping rule control module inside, supports static preset and dynamic registration for address allocation, and facilitates quick access of new nodes during system expansion or maintenance. In order to realize unified access and control of the lower nodes by the management and scheduling layer, the IP address management unit establishes a mapping table for all allocated addresses, realizing quick analysis of logical address to physical location. The mapping mechanism supports multi-level caching and quick query, ensuring that EMS or policy scheduling unit can quickly locate the target node when initiating control command or state query, and return the result in time. The high bits in the address mapping rule are reserved as domain identifier and type indication, so that cross-domain management and scheduling can still rely on logical address to realize unified routing and efficient scheduling under physical network isolation. At the same time, the unit cooperates with the routing unit to realize intra-domain and cross-domain routing path selection and load adjustment, improving the flexibility and fault tolerance of the system communication link.

[0070] The IP address management unit also undertakes the system addressing integrity check and conflict detection task. In the network topology dynamic adjustment or node hot plug, the potential address duplication or allocation conflict is automatically detected, and timely correction processing is carried out, so as to guarantee the stable operation of the whole communication system. The unit also embeds a security policy interface, which can configure an access control list according to the management permission, limit the management command and data flow path of different levels, and ensure the data integrity and reliability of the scheduling command of the system. Through this unified IP address system, the whole energy storage system realizes seamless connection and unified control from physical equipment to logical network, and provides a solid network foundation for distributed intelligent energy storage management.

[0071] In specific embodiments, three-layer routing is implemented in EMS, and two-layer routing forwarding function is implemented in BAU. For each independent BMS subsystem with complete BAU, BCU and BMU, the IP address of each node in the system can be uniquely addressed and accessed. Specifically, the routing unit configures two-layer routing and three-layer routing, which is used to perform data forwarding operation between BAU and EMS, and to realize data intercommunication between each BMS subsystem and the upper management system; the routing unit is located at the core position of the communication layer, undertakes the key data forwarding task between BAU and EMS, supports the configuration of two-layer and three-layer routing capabilities at the same time, so as to realize flexible communication and efficient cooperation across domains and subsystems. The two-layer routing is used for fast forwarding of data between BAU nodes in the same subnet or the same domain, and the data frame is identified and path selection is performed through MAC address or domain logical identifier, so as to realize low-latency and interference-free communication between nodes in the domain, ensure that the data uploaded by BMU, BCU and other devices can be quickly aggregated to the BAU in the domain, and respond to the control strategy in time through local processing. The three-layer routing is based on the IP address management mechanism, and realizes cross-domain forwarding of data packets between different subnets, different domains or remote BMS. The unified strategy control command initiated by EMS can be accurately delivered to the target BAU node through the three-layer network protocol, so as to guarantee the landing of scheduling instructions across domains and multi-domain collaborative control. At the same time, the routing unit has dynamic path learning and fault avoidance mechanism, which can dynamically adjust the routing path according to the network link condition, and improve the robustness and load adaptation ability of the whole energy storage communication network. In actual operation, the routing unit supports multi-level address resolution and fast forwarding through the fusion of domain address mapping mechanism and unified IP addressing strategy, realizes efficient information interaction and accurate distribution of task instructions between the management and scheduling layer of the energy storage system and multiple distributed BMSs without relying on complex switching devices, and builds a communication bridge supporting high-throughput, low-latency and multi-node cooperation, which provides basic guarantee for intelligent operation and cluster scheduling of the whole system.

[0072] The traditional BMS northward and southward are implemented by different communication technologies, cannot achieve network time synchronization, and cannot realize real-time synchronous acquisition and control. Due to the time asynchronization, the acquired data and the issued control commands cannot be well cooperated, and there is time error or poor time synchronization effect.

[0073] In the embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, Figure 6 The whole-network time synchronization unit is used to provide a unified time reference signal for all communication nodes in the system, so that the data acquired by each node and the control commands issued have consistent timestamp information.

[0074] The whole-network time synchronization unit undertakes the key unified clock source distribution task in the system, ensures that all communication nodes have consistent time reference in the data acquisition and control execution process, avoids the problems of data misplacement or control lag caused by clock drift or delay difference. The unit transmits the unified reference time signal to nodes at all levels, including EMS, BAU, BCU and BMU, etc. through centralized or distributed clock synchronization mechanism, fundamentally eliminates the error that may exist in time layer between the southward acquisition link and the northward scheduling link. The system adds timestamp information when generating each data frame and issuing control commands, so that the data in the whole energy storage network can be aligned in time dimension, thereby supporting high-precision time sequence backtracking and trend prediction when the EMS performs policy optimization, state evaluation and abnormal analysis.

[0075] The time synchronization signal can be distributed through a high-reliability low-delay wideband bus or domain bus, and a time delay compensation mechanism is matched in the propagation process to improve the synchronization accuracy. The synchronization mechanism cooperates with the routing unit and the IP address management unit to dynamically adjust the synchronization path and beat refresh frequency according to the topology structure and node distribution, so that even in a multi-level, multi-domain distributed architecture, each node can still receive consistent time signals. The system also supports time synchronization fault tolerance mechanism, which can automatically switch to the standby clock source for redundant synchronization when the main clock source is abnormal, to ensure the time sequence continuity and scheduling reliability of the whole system. The unified timestamp system also provides a unified time reference for cross-domain data analysis and scheduling strategy distribution, supports real-time collaboration and control loop between large-scale nodes, and provides a solid guarantee for high-precision energy efficiency optimization and state linkage of the whole system.

[0076] The EMS and the distributed BMS are based on the same clock source signal, realizing whole-network time synchronization, from the acquisition terminal (BMU) to the management unit (BAU), and the EMS, based on the whole-network time synchronization sensitive network, realizes time synchronization of the whole distributed energy storage system, providing more accurate timestamps for the whole-network monitoring and management. This time synchronization strategy will greatly improve the energy efficiency management and battery service life of the whole system.

[0077] The management scheduling layer includes an EMS, an intelligent analysis unit, and a policy scheduling unit. The EMS is used to uniformly collect running state data of multiple distributed BMSs and perform centralized monitoring. The EMS establishes a high-speed, low-latency communication link with each BMS through a wideband industrial bus, and realizes uniform collection and real-time monitoring of the running state of multiple distributed BMS subsystems. In the architecture design, the EMS as the core node of the management scheduling layer can accurately locate and access each key control node in the BMS subsystem based on the global unique addressing mechanism provided by the IP address management unit. Through the domain division and access rules set in the domain bus protocol, the EMS can simultaneously retrieve running data from different domains, covering basic information such as voltage, current, and temperature of the battery monomer, as well as charging and discharging state, balancing situation, and fault alarm information of the battery pack.

[0078] In the data collection process, the EMS uses a network-wide time synchronization mechanism to uniformly label the time of all access data, ensuring consistency and time sequence comparability of cross-domain and cross-node data, and avoiding state misjudgment or policy execution failure caused by time errors. The EMS has a multi-threaded data processing module inside, which can receive data streams from multiple BMS subsystems in parallel, and through data decoding, cache processing, and state marking, form a structured data set that can be used by the subsequent intelligent analysis and policy scheduling unit.

[0079] In the entire system, the EMS not only undertakes the task of receiving and recording running state data, but also is responsible for real-time monitoring of the stability and safety of battery operation. When an abnormal state occurs in a BMS subsystem, such as high temperature, voltage imbalance, or communication interruption, the EMS can issue control instructions in a timely manner through the established control link to realize isolation, load adjustment, or policy switching of the abnormal node, and ensure the continuous and stable operation of the entire energy storage system. At the same time, the EMS has remote monitoring and log recording capabilities, and can be connected to an external management platform through an integrated communication interface to realize centralized remote management of the energy storage system in different physical deployment scenarios. The system structure supports horizontal expansion, that is, when new BMS nodes or domain ranges are added, the EMS can quickly adapt without reconfiguring the basic communication architecture, ensuring that the energy storage system has good scalability and long-term evolution capability.

[0080] The intelligent analysis unit is used to perform model calculation based on the collected data, and to perform energy efficiency optimization, fault prediction and operation state evaluation. The intelligent analysis unit receives structured data from EMS aggregation, and performs modeling processing on the basis of unified time synchronization. The system has built-in multi-type state analysis models. Based on the voltage, current, temperature, charge and discharge rate and health state parameters collected by each level node of the BMS, multi-dimensional feature extraction and correlation calculation are performed to establish a state evaluation model for operation safety, energy efficiency and system reliability. During the model operation, a time sequence analysis mechanism is introduced to track the trajectory of the node state change trend, and combined with the historical operation trajectory and the current state parameters, the potential abnormal mode or performance decline sign is accurately identified.

[0081] In terms of energy efficiency optimization, the system constructs a dynamic energy efficiency scheduling model according to the real-time load demand, residual power distribution, single battery balancing state and environmental temperature change. The model maximizes the system energy conversion efficiency by controlling the charge and discharge rate, adjusting the battery cluster operation sequence and load distribution, while maintaining the overall operation stability of the battery pack. The scheduling logic fully considers the health state and use cycle of each node, and dynamically adjusts the operation strategy to prolong the service life of the battery and reduce the system operation cost.

[0082] The fault prediction adopts a deep state evaluation algorithm to perform real-time prediction modeling on key performance parameters. Through feature dimension compression and model residual analysis, it is determined whether there are abnormal temperature rise, voltage fluctuation or communication abnormality and other fault precursors. When an abnormal evolution trend is identified, the system will provide alarm information and recommended treatment scheme to the strategy scheduling unit in a timely manner to support active prevention and rapid response.

[0083] The operation state evaluation is based on an integrated state scoring mechanism to grade the operation state of all intra-domain and cross-domain BMS. The evaluation content covers node health level, load balance degree, charge and discharge consistency, communication integrity and response delay and other indicators. Each indicator is combined by weighting to form a global and local operation state report, which provides a supporting basis for subsequent scheduling strategy.

[0084] The intelligent analysis unit supports continuous model iteration and parameter optimization. During the system operation, the model parameters are adaptively modified according to the real-time feedback and evaluation results to ensure the long-term stability of the prediction accuracy and control response ability, and to support data fusion analysis between multi-domain systems, providing a reliable decision basis for the optimization of multi-node collaborative scheduling strategy.

[0085] The policy scheduling unit is used to issue control policies according to the analysis results, and to coordinate the operation and task scheduling of the distributed BMS cluster. After receiving the operation state evaluation results and energy efficiency optimization suggestions provided by the intelligent analysis unit, the policy scheduling unit generates specific scheduling instructions according to the preset control logic and policy template, and issues them to the corresponding BAU nodes according to the domain division and node priority. The scheduling unit has functional modules such as policy analysis, instruction generation, task distribution, state feedback, and fault tolerance control, and can realize the whole process control and closed-loop management of policy issuance in a multi-domain and multi-node system structure.

[0086] During scheduling, the system accurately maps each control instruction to the target node based on the unique network address information provided by the IP address management unit, ensuring that each BMS subsystem and its internal BCU and BMU can receive and execute tasks according to their functional roles and operating states. The policy scheduling unit supports static policy configuration and dynamic policy updating, adjusts the scheduling priority according to operating period, load changes, battery health status, and external environment, and ensures that critical nodes are executed first, improving the overall operation efficiency and safety and stability of the system.

[0087] In terms of task scheduling, the scheduling unit adopts a mode of centralized within the domain and collaborative between domains to realize distributed coordinated control. Intra-domain tasks are distributed to each BMS sub-node through the master node, achieving balanced load distribution and optimized resource utilization; cross-domain tasks are transmitted through the routing unit and coordinated in execution rhythm with the help of the whole network time synchronization mechanism, ensuring the uniformity of control instructions and the collaboration of execution. The scheduling unit also has a task state tracking and result reporting mechanism, which can monitor the instruction execution state in real time, detect the task completion status, and timely feedback the execution results to the EMS and intelligent analysis unit as input basis for the next round of policy generation.

[0088] To ensure the reliability and real-time performance of scheduling, the policy scheduling unit deploys redundancy mechanism and failover strategy in the system architecture. When detecting abnormality of a domain master node or link, the scheduling unit can automatically switch to the backup path or node to continue the scheduling task, avoiding the interruption of scheduling link affecting system operation. In addition, the scheduling unit can perform combined scheduling on different battery clusters according to the policy, realizing directional control and fine management of part of the nodes, supporting the collaborative achievement of multiple scheduling goals such as energy efficiency optimization, peak-valley regulation, balanced control, thermal management, and life extension.

[0089] Through the collaborative operation with EMS, intelligent analysis unit, and communication layer modules, the policy scheduling unit builds a high real-time, high reliability, and high controllability scheduling control system, ensuring that the multi-domain and multi-node distributed BMS cluster realizes unified, efficient, and orderly scheduling management in complex operating scenarios, and fully supports the intelligent operation and flexible response capability of large-scale energy storage systems.

[0090] Finally should be noted: the above only for the preferred embodiments of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application, although in reference to the foregoing embodiments of the present application has been described in detail, for those skilled in the art, it still can be modified, or part of the technical features of the equivalent replacement, which is recorded in the foregoing embodiments of the technical solutions, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. within the spirit and principles of the present application, should be included within the scope of the present application.

[0091] The above are the preferred embodiments of the present application and not limited to the scope of the present application, therefore: any equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape, principle of the present application, should be included within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A large-scale, multi-node, high-throughput data communication system for energy storage batteries, characterized in that, Includes the device layer, communication layer, and management and scheduling layer; The device layer includes multiple battery packs, each equipped with a battery status management system (BMS). Each BMS includes a battery unit unit (BMU), a battery control unit (BCU), and a battery cluster unit (BAU). The device layer manages the batteries through IP-based methods and group management based on battery status. The communication layer includes a broadband industrial bus, a distributed domain bus, an IP address management unit, a routing unit, and a network-wide time synchronization unit. The broadband industrial bus is used for data transmission between BMUs, BCUs, and BAUs within the BMS, as well as for data interaction between the BMS and the EMS. The distributed domain bus divides multiple BMSs into different domains, enabling cluster communication between BMS nodes within each domain. The IP address management unit assigns the same network address to each BMU, BCU, and BAU in the system and maps it independently to a corresponding global IP address. The routing unit configures Layer 2 and Layer 3 routing for data forwarding between BAUs and the EMS, facilitating data communication between each BMS subsystem and the upper-level management system. The network-wide time synchronization unit provides a unified time reference signal for all communication nodes. The management and scheduling layer includes an EMS, an intelligent analysis unit, and a policy scheduling unit. The EMS is used to collect and centrally monitor the operating status data of multiple distributed BMSs. The intelligent analysis unit is used to perform model calculations based on the collected data and to optimize energy efficiency, predict faults, and evaluate operating status. The policy scheduling unit is used to issue control policies based on the analysis results and to coordinate the operation and task scheduling of the distributed BMS cluster.

2. The large-scale multi-node high-throughput data communication system for energy storage batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device layer manages battery groups based on battery status. Specifically, the device layer aggregates the operating data of its BMU and BCU in real time through BAU. According to the policies issued by the upper layer and the battery status parameters, the device layer dynamically combines the battery groups. When the policy requires centralized control of battery groups in a specific state, the BAU identifies the battery groups that meet the conditions based on the status parameters and divides them into the same management group.

3. The large-scale multi-node high-throughput data communication system for energy storage batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distributed domain bus is used to divide multiple BMS into different domains. Specifically, during the division process, each BMS is assigned a unique domain address identifier according to the domain it belongs to. In the domain address identifier, the high 4 bits of the address serve as the domain identifier, and the low bits of the address remain unique. BMS nodes within each domain are addressed through the domain address identifier.

4. A large-scale multi-node high-throughput data communication system for energy storage batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each domain bus has a master node, which coordinates the communication behavior of all BMS nodes within the domain, including scheduling data transmission priorities, handling node access and exit requests, and monitoring the status of communication links within the domain.

5. A large-scale multi-node high-throughput data communication system for energy storage batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distributed domain bus is configured with a domain controller. The collection of BAUs and BCUs is centrally managed by the domain controller, which integrates the BMU acquisition data collected by each BAU and the control status of the BCU.

6. A large-scale multi-node high-throughput data communication system for energy storage batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each BMS node is configured with an independent communication processing module within the domain. The communication processing module is used to parse, package, and forward data frames from other nodes in the same domain, and dynamically adjust the communication response strategy according to the data type and source address.

7. A large-scale multi-node high-throughput data communication system for energy storage batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each BMS in the device layer includes two broadband industrial bus interfaces. One interface is used to connect the BMU and BCU inside the BMS, and the other interface is used to connect the external communication layer and management and scheduling layer of the BMS.

8. A large-scale multi-node high-throughput data communication system for energy storage batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The IP address management unit integrates an address allocation module, a mapping rule control module, and a security policy interface. The address allocation module allocates addresses through two methods: static preset and dynamic registration. The mapping rule control module establishes a mapping table for all allocated addresses. The security policy interface configures access control lists based on management permissions, limiting different levels of management commands and data flow paths.

9. A large-scale multi-node high-throughput data communication system for energy storage batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The routing unit is configured with Layer 2 and Layer 3 routing. Layer 2 routing is used for data forwarding between BAU nodes within the same subnet or domain, and data frame identification and path selection are performed by MAC address or domain logical identifier. Layer 3 routing is used for cross-domain forwarding of data packets between different subnets, different domains, or remote BMS.

10. A large-scale multi-node high-throughput data communication system for energy storage batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The network-wide time synchronization unit transmits a unified reference time signal to nodes at all levels through clock synchronization. Timestamp information is added with each data frame generation and control command issuance. The time synchronization signal is distributed through a broadband bus or domain bus.

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