High-performance Al-Mg-Si alloy and preparation method thereof
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510862855.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-25
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-14
AI Technical Summary
然而，传统Al-Mg-Si合金在时效强化过程中，溶质原子团簇及GP区的形成会显著增加电子散射，导致合金导电率下降；而追求导电率提升的过时效处理又会造成β"相粗化，致使强度损失
1. 本发明通过Ag、Ni元素协同添加与特定热处理工艺的配合，获得分布均匀的细小的β″强化相，可以在保持合金具有较高电导率、硬度的同时，显著提升合金强度，使合金具备较优异的综合性能。
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Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy preparation and relates to a high-performance Al-Mg-Si alloy and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND
[0002] Al-Mg-Si series aluminum alloys are widely used in the fields of power transmission and rail transportation due to their good formability, corrosion resistance and moderate strength. With the development of electrical equipment towards high power and light weight, there is an urgent need for the synergistic improvement of high strength and high conductivity of conductor materials. However, in the process of traditional Al-Mg-Si alloy aging strengthening, the formation of solute atom clusters and GP zones will significantly increase electron scattering, resulting in a decrease in the conductivity of the alloy; and overaging treatment to improve the conductivity will cause the coarsening of the β" phase, resulting in a loss of strength. This contradictory relationship between strength and conductivity has become a technical bottleneck restricting the practical application of the series of alloys.
[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a high-performance Al-Mg-Si alloy and a preparation method thereof to solve the contradictory relationship between the strength and conductivity of the alloy, so that the Al-Mg-Si series alloy has the characteristics of high strength, high hardness and high conductivity, and the alloy can meet the increasingly high use requirements. SUMMARY
[0004] In order to overcome the problems in the background art, the application adds Ag and Ni elements on the basis of the traditional Al-Mg-Si series alloy, utilizes the synergistic effect between Ag and Ni elements, significantly improves the strength of the alloy while maintaining the high conductivity and hardness of the alloy, so that the alloy has more excellent comprehensive performance, thereby meeting the higher use requirements and expanding the application scenarios of the alloy.
[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the application realizes the technical scheme as follows: The application provides a high-performance Al-Mg-Si alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: Mg: 0.38%-0.50%, Si: 0.32%-0.48%, 0
[0006] The application also provides a preparation method of the high-performance Al-Mg-Si alloy. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) batching: pure aluminum, pure magnesium, pure silver, Al-Si intermediate alloy and Al-Ni intermediate alloy are weighed according to the weight percentage of each component in the Al-Mg-Si alloy to prepare the batch; (3) Casting: casting the melt obtained in the step (3) into a mold, and cooling to obtain an alloy ingot; (4) Cold rolling: cold rolling the alloy ingot obtained in the step (3) to obtain a cold-rolled alloy; (5) Homogenization treatment: homogenizing the cold-rolled alloy in the step (4); (6) Hot rolling: hot rolling the alloy after the homogenization treatment in the step (5); (7) Solution treatment: solution treating the alloy after the hot rolling in the step (6), and then water quenching to room temperature; (8) Aging treatment: aging treating the alloy after the cooling in the step (7) to obtain a high-performance Al-Mg-Si alloy.
[0007] Preferably, the purity of the pure aluminum, the pure magnesium and the pure silver is not less than 99.9%, and the impurity content of the Al-Si intermediate alloy and the Al-Ni intermediate alloy is not more than 0.1%.
[0008] Preferably, in the step (2), the smelting temperature is 750-800℃.
[0009] Preferably, in the step (3), the melt temperature is maintained at 710-730℃ during the casting.
[0010] Preferably, in the step (4), the cold rolling reduction is 20%-40%.
[0011] Preferably, in the step (5), the homogenization treatment temperature is 540-560℃, and the holding time is 6-7h.
[0012] Preferably, in the step (6), the hot rolling is specifically as follows: heating the alloy to 450-500℃, holding for 30-50min, and then directly rolling, and the hot rolling reduction is 60%-80%.
[0013] Preferably, in the step (7), the solution treatment temperature is 500-530℃, and the holding time is 1h.
[0014] Preferably, in the step (8), the aging treatment temperature is 180-200℃, and the holding time is 2-4.5h.
[0015] The main strengthening phase of the Al-Mg-Si alloy is the β" phase, the addition of Ag affects the precipitation sequence of atomic clusters in the aging process of the alloy, promotes the formation of clusters with a Mg / Si ratio closer to the β" phase, and significantly enhances the aging hardening behavior of the alloy. After adding Ni, the long needle-shaped β-AlFeSi phase in the alloy is converted into fine short rod-shaped and spherical AlFeNiSi phase, reducing the scattering of electrons by the second phase. During the solid solution stage, Si in the AlFeNiSi phase dissolves into the α-Al matrix to form a stable short rod-shaped AlFeNi phase, while increasing the dissolution amount of Si in the matrix, promoting the uniform precipitation of the β" phase, delaying the transformation of the strengthening phase β" to the β' phase, thereby obtaining the stability of the fine strengthening phase, maintaining the high electrical conductivity of the alloy while improving the strength.
[0016] The beneficial effects of the present application are: 1. The present application obtains a uniform distribution of fine β" strengthening phase by the synergistic addition of Ag and Ni elements and the cooperation of a specific heat treatment process, which can significantly improve the strength of the alloy while maintaining high electrical conductivity and hardness, and make the alloy have excellent comprehensive performance.
[0017] 2. The present application can effectively reduce the amount of noble metal added under the condition of lower Ag addition, even if the alloy has high hardness, strength and electrical conductivity, which is beneficial to save cost.
[0018] 3. The preparation method of the present application is easy to operate and has strong controllability, which is suitable for industrialized application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0019] Figure 1 SEM microstructure diagram of the alloy prepared in Example 1 of the present application; Figure 2 SEM microstructure diagram of the alloy prepared in Example 2; Figure 3 SEM microstructure diagram of the alloy prepared in Example 3; Figure 4 SEM microstructure diagram of the alloy prepared in Comparative Example 1; Figure 5 SEM microstructure diagram of the alloy prepared in Comparative Example 2; Figure 6 SEM microstructure diagram of the alloy prepared in Comparative Example 3; DETAILED DESCRIPTION The present application will be further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and specific examples, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited to the described content.
[0020] In the examples and comparative examples of the present application, commercially available analytical pure reagents were used for experiments unless otherwise specified.
[0021] The alloy components in the embodiments and comparative examples are shown in Table 1.
[0022] Table 1 Example 1 The Al-Mg-Si alloy in this example is prepared by the following method: (1) batching: pure aluminum, pure magnesium, pure Ag, Al-Si intermediate alloy and Al-Ni intermediate alloy are weighed according to the mass percentage of each element in the alloy material in Table 1.
[0023] (2) melting: the batched materials are melted in a resistance melting furnace, the melting temperature is 780℃, and the batched materials are completely melted to obtain a melt.
[0024] (3) casting: when the melt is cooled to 720℃, the melt is cast into a mold, and the alloy ingot is cooled.
[0025] (4) cold rolling: the alloy ingot is cold rolled with a cold rolling reduction of 30% to obtain a cold rolled alloy.
[0026] (5) homogenization treatment: the cold rolled alloy is homogenized at a temperature of 560℃ for 6h.
[0027] (6) hot rolling: the homogenized alloy is kept at 480℃ for 40min, and then directly rolled with a rolling reduction of 70% (7) solution treatment: the alloy after hot rolling in step (6) is solution treated at a temperature of 525℃ for 1h, and then water quenched to room temperature.
[0028] (8) aging treatment: the alloy after water quenching in step (7) is aged at a temperature of 195℃ for 2h.
[0029] The microstructure of the alloy prepared in this example is observed, and the results are shown in Table 2. Figure 1
[0030] The hardness, electrical conductivity and tensile strength of the alloy prepared in this example are detected, and the results are shown in Table 2.
[0031] Example 2 The Al-Mg-Si alloy in this example is prepared by the same method as in Example 1, except that the aging treatment is kept for 3.5h.
[0032] The microstructure of the alloy prepared in this example is observed, and the results are shown in Table 2. Figure 2
[0033] The hardness, electrical conductivity and tensile strength of the alloy prepared in this example were detected, and the results are shown in Table 2.
[0034] Example 3 In this example, the Al-Mg-Si alloy was prepared by the same method as in Example 1, except that the holding time of the aging treatment was 4.5 h.
[0035] The microstructure of the alloy prepared in this example was observed, and the results are shown in Table 2. Figure 3
[0036] The hardness, electrical conductivity and tensile strength of the alloy prepared in this example were detected, and the results are shown in Table 2.
[0037] Example 4 In this example, the Al-Mg-Si alloy was prepared by the following method: (1) batching: the pure aluminum, pure magnesium, pure Ag, Al-Si intermediate alloy and Al-Ni intermediate alloy were weighed according to the mass percentage of each element in Table 1.
[0038] (2) melting: the batching was melted using a resistance melting furnace, the melting temperature was 750℃, and the batching was completely melted to obtain a melt.
[0039] (3) casting: when the melt was cooled to 710℃, the melt was cast into a mold, and the alloy ingot was cooled.
[0040] (4) cold rolling: the alloy ingot was cold rolled, the cold rolling reduction was 20%, and the cold rolled alloy was obtained.
[0041] (5) homogenization treatment: the cold rolled alloy was homogenized at a temperature of 540℃ for 7h.
[0042] (6) hot rolling: the homogenized alloy was heated at 450℃ for 50min, and then directly rolled, the rolling reduction was 60% (7) solution treatment: the alloy after step (6) hot rolling was solution treated at a temperature of 500℃ for 1h, and then water quenched to room temperature.
[0043] (8) aging treatment: the alloy after water quenching in step (7) was aged at a temperature of 180℃ for 4.5h.
[0044] The properties of the alloy prepared in this example were similar to those of Example 2.
[0045] Example 5 In this example, the Al-Mg-Si alloy was prepared by the following method: (1) Blending: pure aluminum, pure magnesium, pure Ag, Al-Si intermediate alloy and Al-Ni intermediate alloy are weighed according to the mass percentage of each element in the alloy material in Table 1.
[0046] (2) Melting: the blending is melted by using a resistance melting furnace, the melting temperature is 800 ℃, the blending is completely melted to obtain a melt.
[0047] (3) Casting: when the melt is cooled to 730 ℃, the melt is cast into a mold, and the alloy ingot is cooled.
[0048] (4) Cold rolling: the alloy ingot is cold rolled, the cold rolling reduction is 40%, and the cold rolled alloy is obtained.
[0049] (5) Homogenization treatment: the cold rolled alloy is homogenized at a temperature of 550 ℃ for 6.5 h.
[0050] (6) Hot rolling: the homogenized alloy is kept at 500 ℃ for 30 min, and then directly rolled, the rolling reduction is 80% (7) Solution treatment: the alloy after step (6) hot rolling is solution treated at a temperature of 530 ℃ for 1 h, and then water quenched to room temperature.
[0051] (8) Aging treatment: the alloy after water quenching in step (7) is aged at a temperature of 200 ℃ for 2 h.
[0052] The alloy prepared in this example has similar properties as Example 3.
[0053] Comparative Example 1 The Al-Mg-Si alloy in this comparative example is prepared by the same method as Example 1, except that Ag and Ni elements are not added.
[0054] The microstructure of the alloy prepared in this example is observed, and the results are shown in Figure 4 .
[0055] The hardness, electrical conductivity and tensile strength of the alloy prepared in this example are detected, and the results are shown in Table 2.
[0056] Comparative Example 2 The Al-Mg-Si alloy in this comparative example is prepared by the same method as Example 2, except that Ag and Ni elements are not added.
[0057] The microstructure of the alloy prepared in this example is observed, and the results are shown in Figure 5 .
[0058] The hardness, electrical conductivity and tensile strength of the alloy prepared in the example were detected, and the results are shown in Table 2.
[0059] Comparative Example 3 The Al-Mg-Si alloy in the present comparative example was prepared by the same method as in Example 3, except that no Ag and Ni elements were added.
[0060] The microstructure of the alloy prepared in the example was observed, and the results are shown in Table 1. Figure 6
[0061] The hardness, electrical conductivity and tensile strength of the alloy prepared in the example were detected, and the results are shown in Table 2.
[0062] Comparative Example 4 The Al-Mg-Si alloy in the present comparative example was prepared by the same method as in Example 1, except that no Ag element was added.
[0063] Comparative Example 5 The Al-Mg-Si alloy in the present comparative example was prepared by the same method as in Example 1, except that no Ni element was added.
[0064] Performance Test The alloys prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-5 were used as samples to test the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity, and the test methods were as follows: A 3S-1000QZD hardness tester was used to test, with a load of 100g and a holding time of 15s. Each sample had at least 10 points taken on its entire surface to ensure the accuracy of the data, and the error was not more than ±3%.
[0065] A Shimadzu universal electronic testing machine was used to perform tensile tests on each sample to detect the tensile strength.
[0066] An electrical conductivity tester was used to test the electrical conductivity of each sample.
[0067] Table 2 By Figures 1-3 and Figures 4-6 Comparing the alloys prepared in Examples 1-3 ( Figures 1-3 ) with those in Comparative Examples 1-3 ( Figures 4-6 ), it can be seen that the microstructure of the alloy prepared in Examples 1-3 contains short rod-shaped AlFeNi phases, which are equiaxed and dispersed, compared with the needle-shaped β-AlFeSi phases in Comparative Examples 1-3. In combination with the performance data of the alloy in Comparative Example 4, it can be seen that the addition of Ni element indeed can improve the strength of the alloy and alleviate the decrease in electrical conductivity.
[0068] As can be seen from the performance test results in Table 2, the tensile strength of Examples 1-3 is significantly improved relative to Comparative Examples 1-3, while the electrical conductivity only slightly decreases or does not decrease, proving that the present application can significantly improve the strength of the alloy while maintaining the high electrical conductivity of the alloy, thereby making the alloy have more excellent comprehensive performance.
[0069] As can be seen from the comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 4, although the addition of Ni alone can improve the strength of the alloy and alleviate the decrease in electrical conductivity, the addition of Ni alone has limited effect on the improvement of the strength and hardness of the alloy under the condition that the decrease in electrical conductivity is basically the same.
[0070] As can be seen from the comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 5, although the addition of Ag alone can significantly improve the hardness of the alloy while maintaining the high electrical conductivity of the alloy, the improvement of the tensile strength of the alloy is very limited. Comparative Example 5 adds more Ag relative to Example 1, although the hardness of the alloy has a small increase, but the tensile strength still decreases more relative to Example 1, and the comprehensive performance of the alloy of Comparative Example 5 is relatively poor.
[0071] In summary, by adding Ag and Ni elements to the Al-Mg-Si alloy, the present application can effectively solve the contradictory relationship between the strength and electrical conductivity of the alloy through synergistic effect, significantly improve the strength and hardness of the alloy on the basis of maintaining the excellent electrical conductivity of the alloy.
[0072] Finally, it should be pointed out that the above preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application and are not limiting. Although the present application has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes can be made in form and details without departing from the scope defined by the claims of the present application.
Claims
1. A high-performance Al-Mg-Si alloy, characterized by: The alloy components include, by weight percentage, Mg: 0.38%-0.50%, Si: 0.32%-0.48%, 0<Ag<0.1%, 0<Ni≤1.0%, and the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities.
2. The method for preparing a high-performance Al-Mg-Si alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) Ingredients: Pure aluminum, pure magnesium, pure silver, Al-Si master alloy and Al-Ni master alloy are weighed according to the weight percentage of each component in the Al-Mg-Si alloy; (2) Melting: Melting the ingredients weighed in step (1) to completely melt the ingredients to obtain a melt; (3) Casting: Casting the melt obtained in step (3) into a mold and cooling it to obtain an alloy ingot; (4) Cold rolling: cold rolling the alloy ingot obtained in step (3) to obtain a cold-rolled alloy; (5) Homogenization treatment: homogenizing the cold-rolled alloy in step (4); (6) Hot rolling: hot rolling the alloy after homogenization treatment in step (5); (7) Solution treatment: Solution treatment is performed on the alloy after hot rolling in step (6), and then water quenching is performed to cool to room temperature; (8) Aging treatment: The alloy cooled in step (7) is subjected to aging treatment to obtain a high-performance Al-Mg-Si alloy.
3. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein: The purity of the pure aluminum, pure magnesium and pure silver is not less than 99.9%, and the impurity content of the Al-Si master alloy and the Al-Ni master alloy does not exceed 0.1%.
4. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein: In the step (2), the smelting temperature is 750-800°C.
5. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein: In the step (3), during the casting process, the melt temperature is maintained at 710-730°C.
6. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein: In the step (4), the cold rolling reduction is 20% to 40%.
7. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the step (5), the homogenization treatment temperature is 540°C to 560°C, and the holding time is 6h-7h.
8. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein: In step (6), the specific process of hot rolling is: heating the alloy to 450°C to 500°C, keeping the temperature for 30min to 50min, and then directly rolling, and the hot rolling reduction is 60% to 80%.
9. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein: In step (7), the solution treatment temperature is 500° C. to 530° C., and the holding time is 1 h.
10. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the step (8), the aging treatment temperature is 180-200°C, and the holding time is 2-4.5h.