A curved half-mold valley gap waveguide and a base module with the same

Abstract

The application discloses a curved half-mode valley gap waveguide and application thereof. The valley gap waveguide comprises a lower conductor plate and an upper conductor plate. The lower conductor plate is provided with a conductor ridge structure protruding upward and a valley topological structure. The conductor ridge structure is provided with at least one inward curved structure, and the valley topological structure is arranged on the inner side of the curved structure, and part of the valley topological structure is in contact with the inner side of the conductor ridge structure. A conductor wall is further arranged on the outer side of the conductor ridge structure. The curved half-mode valley gap waveguide of the application not only maintains the high power transmission capacity of the gap waveguide, but also maintains the robustness of the topological waveguide. The waveguide of the application allows half-mode configuration transmission, and the longitudinal size of the structure is reduced by half compared with the conventional gap waveguide, thereby significantly improving the compactness of the device. The waveguide structure of the application is more compact and smaller in size, and thus is simple, reliable and easy to implement. In general, the application is widely applicable to the fields of optical, microwave and millimeter wave devices.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of millimeter wave devices, in particular to a curved half-mode valley gap waveguide and a basic module with the same. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of millimeter wave integrated circuits, ridge gap waveguides are an open waveguide that uses electromagnetic bandgap structures to achieve energy confinement. The air gap between the upper cover plate and the metal ridge in the ridge gap waveguide realizes low-loss transmission without metal contact and dielectric filling, effectively solving the problem of dielectric loss in high-frequency circuits. The periodic unit in the ridge gap waveguide produces an electromagnetic bandgap, which has the characteristic of selective transmission of electromagnetic waves. At present, based on the transmission characteristics of ridge gap waveguides, various functional elements such as splitters and radar antennas have been developed.

[0003] With the continuous improvement of integrated circuit integration, the system wiring usually presents a complex curved road condition. However, the traditional gap waveguide will produce significant electromagnetic energy loss in the curved transmission path, which seriously affects the transmission quality of high-frequency signals. Especially in high-speed data communication and large-capacity information transmission application scenarios, the traditional gap waveguide cannot avoid the technical bottlenecks of energy attenuation and signal waveform distortion caused by path bending.

[0004] Recent studies have shown that optical topological phase states can bring breakthrough characteristics to electromagnetic wave transmission systems. By designing a highly symmetrical periodic structure to introduce a topological valley phase, the valley topological periodic structure has a non-trivial electromagnetic bandgap. The valley topological periodic structure is arranged in mirror image, and a valley topological edge state appears at the domain wall. This edge state has excellent robust performance such as reflection-free transmission and defect immunity within the non-trivial electromagnetic bandgap. The valley topological edge state provides a new technical approach to solving the signal integrity problem in complex millimeter wave integrated circuits, and has important guiding significance for the development of high-performance millimeter wave integrated devices. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to combine the robustness of the valley topological edge state with the millimeter wave ridge gap waveguide platform to develop a new type of half-mode valley topological ridge gap waveguide with topological protection. The valley topological structure is constructed to modify the edge of the ridge waveguide to control the robust transmission of electromagnetic waves, which can enable low-loss or even lossless transmission of electromagnetic waves at sharp turns.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides a curved half-mode valley gap waveguide, comprising a lower conductor plate and an upper conductor plate, the lower conductor plate is provided with a conductor ridge structure protruding upward and a valley topological structure;

[0007] The conductor ridge structure has at least one inward bending structure, and the valley topology structure is arranged inside the bending structure, and part of the valley topology structure is in contact with the inner side of the conductor ridge structure. The intersection of the valley topology structure and the contact surface of the inner side of the conductor ridge structure can protect the edge of the ridge structure, and the robust transmission of the bending and defect sections can reduce the loss of the traditional waveguide at the sharp bending. In the forbidden band interval of the valley topology structure, electromagnetic waves cannot propagate in the structure, and only transmit on the conductor ridge structure, forming a half-mode transmission.

[0008] Further, the angle of the inward bending of the bending structure is 30°-90°.

[0009] Further, the valley topology structure includes periodically arranged first structures and second structures.

[0010] The first structure is in contact with the conductor ridge structure.

[0011] The first structure and the second structure are composed of a plurality of conductor units.

[0012] Further, the arrangement of the second structure presents C3 symmetry, and the arrangement of the second structure presents a honeycomb structure.

[0013] Further, the number of conductor units in the first structure and the second structure is greater than or equal to 2.

[0014] Further, the structure and / or size of the conductor units in the first structure and the second structure are not completely the same.

[0015] The structure of the conductor unit is not strictly limited and can be one of a cylindrical structure, a prism structure, a pyramid structure, or a combination of structures.

[0016] Preferably, the structure of the conductor unit is a cylindrical structure, and in the first structure and the second structure, the conductor units are configured as 2. When the diameters of the two conductor units are different, the structure has an electromagnetic forbidden band with topological non-trivial characteristics.

[0017] Further, the height of the conductor unit is the same as that of the conductor ridge structure.

[0018] Further, there is an air gap between the lower conductor plate and the upper conductor plate. Such non-contact electromagnetic shielding can reduce high-frequency loss and process precision.

[0019] Further, a conductor wall is arranged outside the conductor ridge structure. The introduction of the conductor wall outside the ridge can reduce the mirror symmetry structure manufacturing and improve compactness while ensuring transmission performance.

[0020] Further, the curved half-mode valley gap waveguide further comprises a feed port, which is arranged between the lower conductor plate and the upper conductor plate.

[0021] Preferably, the feed port of rectangular structure is coupled with the outer edge circuit, and the height of the feed port is consistent with the height of the air gap.

[0022] In the present application, the material of the conductor ridge structure, the conductor unit and the conductor wall is not strictly limited, and is preferably a metal material, and exemplarily can be at least one of copper, aluminum and the like.

[0023] The present application also provides an application of the curved half-mode valley gap waveguide in the field of constructing a millimeter wave device.

[0024] The working principle of the present application is as follows: a metal valley topology structure with a topologically non-trivial electromagnetic band gap is designed by using the non-contact structure characteristics of the gap waveguide technology. The inner edge of the ridge structure is modified by using the valley topology periodic structure, the topological edge state is generated through the special edge layout, and the low-loss transmission of the electromagnetic wave in the ridge channel is protected. Based on the anti-symmetry of the transmission mode, the conductor wall is inserted outside the ridge structure to construct a half-mode transmission, reduce the longitudinal size of the waveguide, and improve the compactness. According to the obtained half-mode transmission mode characteristics, efficient interconnection of integrated elements such as rectangular waveguides is realized. Based on different curved path simulations, one sharp turn curved path section and two sharp turn curved waveguides can be designed respectively, so as to realize the connection and low-loss transmission control of different path transmission lines.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] (1) Good robustness: the curved half-mode valley gap waveguide of the present application not only maintains the high power transmission capability of the gap waveguide, but also maintains the robustness of the topological waveguide. (2) Miniaturization: the curved half-mode valley gap waveguide of the present application allows half-mode configuration transmission, and the longitudinal size of the structure is reduced by half compared with the conventional gap waveguide, which significantly improves the compactness of the device. (3) High compatibility: the waveguide of the present application can be directly fed through a rectangular waveguide, and the manufacturing process is completely compatible. No complex port matching technology is needed, so that the waveguide structure of the present application is more compact and smaller in size, and thus is easy to implement and reliable. The present application is widely used in the fields of optics, microwave, millimeter wave devices and the like. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to make the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application or the prior art clearer, the accompanying drawings needed in the embodiments or prior art description will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative effort based on these drawings.

[0028] Figure 1 A three-dimensional simulation diagram of the curved half-mode valley gap waveguide of embodiment 1 is shown;

[0029] Figure 2 A top view of the curved half-mode valley gap waveguide of embodiment 1 is shown;

[0030] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the curved half-mode valley gap waveguide of embodiment 1 is shown;

[0031] Figure 4 A valley topology non-trivial band gap diagram of the curved half-mode valley gap waveguide of embodiment 1 is shown;

[0032] Figure 5 A waveguide of embodiment 1 is shown when a rectangular port is accessed to TE 10 mode excitation and reception;

[0033] Figure 6 A waveguide of embodiment 2 is shown when a rectangular port is accessed to TE 10 mode excitation and reception;

[0034] Figure 7 A transmission efficiency diagram of the waveguide of embodiment 1 in the topology non-trivial band gap range is shown;

[0035] Figure 8 A transmission efficiency diagram of the waveguide of embodiment 2 in the topology non-trivial band gap range is shown;

[0036] Explanation of reference signs:

[0037] 1, lower conductor plate; 11, conductor ridge structure; 111, curved structure; 12, valley topology structure; 121, first structure; 122, second structure; 2, upper conductor plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In the description of the embodiments of this invention, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," and "right," etc., refer to the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used solely for ease of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are merely used for descriptive distinction and have no special meaning. The terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; or the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0039] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] like Figures 1-3 As shown, a curved half-mode valley gap waveguide includes a lower conductor plate 1, an upper conductor plate 2, a conductor wall, and a feed port. The lower conductor plate 1 has an upwardly protruding conductor ridge structure 11 and a valley topology structure 12. The conductor ridge structure 11 has at least one inwardly curved structure 111, and the valley topology structure 12 is disposed inside the curved structure 111, with a portion of the valley topology structure 12 contacting the inner side of the conductor ridge structure 11. The conductor wall is disposed outside the conductor ridge structure 11. An air gap exists between the lower conductor plate 1 and the upper conductor plate 2. The feed port is disposed between the lower conductor plate 1 and the upper conductor plate 2, and the height of the feed port is the same as that of the air gap. The valley topology structure 12 includes a periodically arranged first structure 121 and a second structure 122, with the first structure 121 and the inner side of the curved structure 111 of the conductor ridge structure 11 closely abutting or intersecting. The first structure 121 and the second structure 122 are each composed of two conductor units with different diameters. The conductor units are cylindrical and their heights are the same as the heights of the conductor ridge structure 11. The conductor units of the second structure 122 are arranged in a C3 symmetry and the overall arrangement is a honeycomb structure, where a is the side length of the C3 symmetry structure.

[0042] In this embodiment, the centers of the two conductor units of the first structure 121 are on the same horizontal line, and both of the two conductor units intersect the inner side of the bending structure 111 of the conductor ridge structure 11.

[0043] In this embodiment, the lattice constant of the conductor units is a0; the height of the conductor ridge structure 11 is h0, and the width is w0; the conductor ridge structure 11 is provided with an inward bending structure 111, and the angle of the inward bending is 60°, so that the overall waveguide structure presents a V shape. The height of the rectangular port and the air gap is g0. The conductor units in the first structure 121 and the second structure 122 are both cylindrical in structure, and the diameters of the smaller and larger conductor units are r1 and r2 respectively. The sizes of the parameters are as follows: a = 3.5 mm, r1 = 0.6 mm, r2 = 0.85 mm, h0 = 1.85 mm, g0 = 0.38 mm.

[0044] In this embodiment, the materials of the lower conductor plate 1, the upper conductor plate 2, the conductor ridge structure 11, the conductor units, and the conductor walls are aluminum.

[0045] In this embodiment, the feed port is a rectangular port.

[0046] The photonic band gap of the valley topology structure of this embodiment is calculated by the finite element method, and the result is shown in Figure 4 The band gap of the valley topology structure is located between 25-28 GHz.

[0047] In the electromagnetic band gap range, electromagnetic waves cannot propagate in the valley topology structure, but can only be transmitted along the ridge waveguide path. By adjusting the position of the column near the ridge waveguide side, the centers of the conductor units are aligned on the same horizontal line and intersect the ridge waveguide boundary, thereby forming a topological edge state protection inside the ridge waveguide. At this time, even on a curved or defective path, electromagnetic waves can achieve robust edge propagation.

[0048] Embodiment 2

[0049] Compared with embodiment 1, the difference is that the conductor ridge structure is provided with two inward bending structures, and the overall waveguide structure presents a trapezoidal shape.

[0050] In order to realize the excitation of the WR34 standard coaxial-rectangular waveguide converter to the half-mode valley topology ridge gap waveguide, a rectangular waveguide stepped transition feeding structure is designed. The transmission efficiency of the three waveguides is measured by using a vector network analyzer, and the S parameters are analyzed. In the measurement, a 2.4 mm connecting line is used, one end of which is an SMA connector, and the other end is connected to a 2.4 mm female interface. Figure 5 and Figure 6 respectively show the access rectangular port to TE 10Transverse electromagnetic distribution of the waveguide of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 when excited and received by a mode. Figure 7 and Figure 8 The transmission efficiency diagrams of the waveguide of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 in the topologically nontrivial bandgap range are shown respectively, it can be seen that the waveguide of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 has only about 0.05dB loss per sharp corner at 26GHz, which is due to the topological phase protection mechanism, effectively suppressing the backscattering commonly seen in traditional waveguides, so that it can still maintain excellent transmission performance under complex paths.

[0051] In the detailed description of the present application, any description not involved is the known technology in the art, which can be implemented by referring to the known technology.

[0052] Finally, it should be noted that: the above only for the preferred embodiments of the present application, and not for the purpose of limiting the present application, although the foregoing embodiments of the present application have been described in detail, for those skilled in the art, it still can be modified, or part of the technical features of the equivalent replacement, within the spirit and principles of the present application, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc., should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A curved half-mode valley gap waveguide, comprising a lower conductor plate and an upper conductor plate, characterized in that, The lower conductor plate is provided with an upwardly protruding conductor ridge structure and a valley topology structure; The conductor ridge structure has at least one inwardly curved structure, and the valley topology is disposed inside the curved structure, with a portion of the valley topology in contact with the inner side of the conductor ridge structure; A conductor wall is also provided on the outside of the conductor ridge structure.

2. The curved half-mode valley gap waveguide according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bending angle of the curved structure is 30-90°.

3. The curved half-mode valley gap waveguide according to claim 1, characterized in that, The valley topology includes a first structure and a second structure arranged in a periodic manner; The first structure is in contact with the conductor ridge structure; Both the first structure and the second structure are composed of several conductor units.

4. The curved half-mode valley gap waveguide according to claim 3, characterized in that, The arrangement of the second structure exhibits C3 symmetry and a honeycomb structure.

5. The curved half-mode valley gap waveguide according to claim 3, characterized in that, The number of conductor units in the first structure and the second structure is greater than or equal to 2.

6. The curved half-mode valley gap waveguide according to claim 3, characterized in that, The structure and / or dimensions of the conductor units in the first structure and the second structure are not exactly the same.

7. The curved half-mode valley gap waveguide according to claim 3, characterized in that, The conductor unit has the same height as the conductor ridge structure.

8. The curved half-mode valley gap waveguide according to claim 1, characterized in that, An air gap exists between the lower conductor plate and the upper conductor plate.

9. The curved half-mode valley gap waveguide according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, It also includes a feed port, which is disposed between the lower conductor plate and the upper conductor plate.

10. A basic module comprising a curved half-mode valley gap waveguide as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, It can be applied in the fields of optics, microwave, and millimeter-wave devices.

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